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Zhou X, Li J, Jiang X. Effects of different types of exercise intensity on improving health-related physical fitness in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14301. [PMID: 38906965 PMCID: PMC11192957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A substantial body of empirical evidence reveals that physical activity is associated with a wide range of positive physical and mental health outcomes. However, an absence of comprehensive syntheses is observed concerning the varying effects of different exercise intensities on the improvement of physical health among children and adolescents. The aim of this review is to systematically investigate the effects of different exercise intensities on the physical fitness of children and adolescents, to analyses the optimal exercise intensities for improving physical fitness, and to provide a relevant theoretical basis for optimizing school physical education curricula. A systematic search strategy was used in this study in four online databases (PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO and Web of Science). Intervention studies that met the inclusion criteria underwent a thorough screening process, and their methodological quality was assessed utilizing the PEDro scale. The selected literature was systematically analyzed and evaluated through induction, summary, analysis, and evaluation. These findings indicate that high-intensity exercise training exerts significant positive effects on body composition, cardiopulmonary function and muscle fitness in children and adolescents. Therefore, we suggest that schools should focus on high-intensity sports in their physical education curriculum, which can further improve the student's PHYSICAL FITNESS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Zhou
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Jiang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China.
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Torres-Lopez LV, Migueles JH, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Bendtsen M, Henriksson P, Mora-Gonzalez J, Löf M, Chaput JP, Ortega FB. Effects of exercise on sleep in children with overweight/obesity: a randomized clinical trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:281-290. [PMID: 38112235 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the chronic effects of a 20-week exercise training program on device-assessed sleep and sleep-disordered breathing; and to determine whether participating in a session of the exercise program had effects on device-assessed sleep the subsequent night in children with overweight/obesity. METHODS A randomized clinical trial was conducted from November 2014 to June 2016. A total of 109 children (age 8-11 years) with overweight/obesity were randomized into an exercise training or control group. The exercise program included aerobic and resistance training 3 to 5 days/week. The control group participants continued their usual lifestyle. Device-assessed sleep outcomes were measured using wrist-worn actigraphy at baseline, in the middle of the exercise program (10th week), and at postintervention for seven consecutive days (24 h/day), and sleep-disordered breathing was measured via the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire. RESULTS The exercise training program had a statistically significant effect on wake after sleep onset time (-10.8 min/day, -0.5 SDs, p = 0.040). No other chronic or acute effects (i.e., the subsequent night of attending a session of the exercise training program) were observed on the remaining sleep outcomes. CONCLUSIONS A 20-week exercise training program reduced wake after sleep onset time in children with overweight/obesity. Future randomized trials that include a sample of children with poor sleep health at baseline are needed to better appreciate the role of exercise in sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia V Torres-Lopez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jairo H Migueles
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcus Bendtsen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pontus Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jose Mora-Gonzalez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Network Biomedical Research Center Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Akhlaghi M, Kohanmoo A. Sleep deprivation in development of obesity, effects on appetite regulation, energy metabolism, and dietary choices. Nutr Res Rev 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37905402 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation, which is a decrease in duration and quality of sleep, is a common problem in today's life. Epidemiological and interventional investigations have suggested a link between sleep deprivation and overweight/obesity. Sleep deprivation affects homeostatic and non-homoeostatic regulation of appetite, with the food reward system playing a dominant role. Factors such as sex and weight status affect this regulation; men and individuals with excess weight seem to be more sensitive to reward-driven and hedonistic regulation of food intake. Sleep deprivation may also affect weight through affecting physical activity and energy expenditure. In addition, sleep deprivation influences food selection and eating behaviours, which are mainly managed by the food reward system. Sleep-deprived individuals mostly crave for palatable energy-dense foods and have low desire for fruit and vegetables. Consumption of meals may not change but energy intake from snacks increases. The individuals have more desire for snacks with high sugar and saturated fat content. The relationship between sleep and the diet is mutual, implying that diet and eating behaviours also affect sleep duration and quality. Consuming healthy diets containing fruit and vegetables and food sources of protein and unsaturated fats and low quantities of saturated fat and sugar may be used as a diet strategy to improve sleep. Since the effects of sleep deficiency differ between animals and humans, only evidence from human subject studies has been included, controversies are discussed and the need for future investigations is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Kohanmoo
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mnguni N, Roche J, Dafkin C, Scheuemaier K. No effects of different modalities of a single bout of exercise on sleep architecture and appetite in healthy overweight or obese young adults. Physiol Behav 2023; 268:114222. [PMID: 37207548 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the effect of acute exercise on sleep quality and quantity reported contradictory results and the bulk of these studies were conducted in lean individuals. Furthermore, not many studies have assessed subsequent changes in appetite following an acute bout of exercise. Therefore, the exact effect of aerobic acute exercise on sleep parameters in overweight/obese young adults remains unclear. As such, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on sleep architecture in healthy, overweight/obese, young adults. METHODS Eighteen participants (50% female; mean age 21±1 year) with no self-reported sleep disorders or chronic health conditions took part in this study. The Balke-Ware procedure (treadmill-graded test) was used to determine exhaustion peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). The intervention consisted of three conditions (no exercise, moderate, and intensive). Heart rates corresponding to 50% and 75% VO2peak were used to establish work rates for moderate and intense exercise conditions, respectively. Following each intervention, sleep parameters were measured throughout the night using polysomnography. Additionally, participants completed appetite visual analogue scales before each meal, on the day of the exercise, and the following day. RESULTS Univariable analyses did not yield significant results between the independent variables (condition, order, and sex) and sleep parameters; however, the intense condition (normalised to the moderate condition) had a positive relationship with the number of arousals during the subsequent night. No significant effects were noted for the multivariate analysis. Further, there was no global effect of order (p = 0.651), sex (p = 0.628), and appetite time (p = 0.400) and individual sleep characteristics did not have an effect on the Hunger and Fullness scales. However, the percentage of stage 2 had a positive effect on the Quantity scale, and the amount and percentage of time spent in REM had a negative effect on the Quantity scale, but multivariable analyses were not significant. CONCLUSION Acute aerobic exercise (intense or moderate) does not have beneficial or adverse effects on sleep quality and quantity in young adults with overweight/obesity. Subjective appetite may have a relationship with REM and stage 2 sleep independent of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkazimulo Mnguni
- Brain Function Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Johanna Roche
- Brain Function Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Chloe Dafkin
- Department of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karine Scheuemaier
- Brain Function Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Saidi O, Chatain C, Del Sordo GC, Demaria R, Lequin L, Rochette E, Larribaut J, Gruet M, Duché P. The Effects of Different Modalities of an Acute Energy Deficit on Sleep and Next Morning Appetitive and Compensatory Behavior in Healthy Young Adults: The EDIES Protocol. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081962. [PMID: 37111179 PMCID: PMC10144061 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is bi-directionally linked to energy balance. This crossover study design will evaluate the acute effect of a moderate energy deficit (500 kcal) induced by diet, exercise, or mixed (-250 kcal by diet and 250 kcal by exercise) on sleep and the next morning's appetitive responses. The study sample comprises 24 healthy young adults. The experimental measurements will be conducted in a naturalistic, momentary manner and partly assessed by the participants. The participants will undergo a run-in period in order to stabilize their sleep schedules and provide them with training on the study protocol and measurements. Indirect calorimetry will be used to determine their resting metabolic rate and peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak). Then, they will take part in a control session (CTL), followed by three energy deficit sessions in random order: a diet-induced energy deficit session (DED), an exercise-induced energy deficit session (EED), and a mixed energy deficit session (MED). All experimental sessions will be separated by a one-week washout. The participants' sleep will be monitored by ambulatory polysomnography, and the next morning's appetitive response will be evaluated via ad libitum food intake, appetite sensations, and food reward, measured by a food liking and wanting computerized test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Saidi
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
| | - Cyril Chatain
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
| | - Giovanna C Del Sordo
- Psychology Department, New Mexico State University, 1780 E University Blvd, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Rémi Demaria
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
| | - Ludivine Lequin
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Rochette
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE Unit, Clermont Auvergne University, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julie Larribaut
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
| | - Mathieu Gruet
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
| | - Pascale Duché
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
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Rochette E, Saidi O, Merlin É, Duché P. Physical activity as a promising alternative for young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Towards an evidence-based prescription. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119930. [PMID: 36860845 PMCID: PMC9969142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in young people. Although biologics now enable most children and adolescents with JIA to enjoy clinical remission, patients present lower physical activity and spend more time in sedentary behavior than their healthy counterparts. This impairment probably results from a physical deconditioning spiral initiated by joint pain, sustained by apprehension on the part of both the child and the child's parents, and entrenched by lowered physical capacities. This in turn may exacerbate disease activity and lead to unfavorable health outcomes including increased risks of metabolic and mental comorbidities. Over the past few decades, there has been growing interest in the health benefits of increased overall physical activity as well as exercise interventions in young people with JIA. However, we are still far from evidence-based physical activity and / or exercise prescription for this population. In this review, we give an overview of the available data supporting physical activity and / or exercise as a behavioral, non-pharmacological alternative to attenuate inflammation while also improving metabolism, disease symptoms, poor sleep, synchronization of circadian rhythms, mental health, and quality of life in JIA. Finally, we discuss clinical implications, identify gaps in knowledge, and outline a future research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Rochette
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Toulon University, Laboratory “Impact of Physical Activity on Health” (IAPS), Toulon, France,*Correspondence: Emmanuelle Rochette,
| | - Oussama Saidi
- Toulon University, Laboratory “Impact of Physical Activity on Health” (IAPS), Toulon, France
| | - Étienne Merlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Duché
- Toulon University, Laboratory “Impact of Physical Activity on Health” (IAPS), Toulon, France
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Delgado-Floody P, Caamaño Navarrete F, Chirosa-Ríos L, Martínez-Salazar C, Vargas CA, Guzmán-Guzmán IP. Exercise Training Program Improves Subjective Sleep Quality and Physical Fitness in Severely Obese Bad Sleepers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13732. [PMID: 36360611 PMCID: PMC9658425 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep quality is an important modulator of neuroendocrine function, as sleep problems are related to metabolic and endocrine alterations. OBJECTIVE The main objective was to determine the effects of an exercise training program on the sleep quality of severely obese patients with sleep problems. The secondary objective was to determine the relationship between fitness and anthropometric parameters with sleep quality scores. METHODS Thirty severely obese patients participated in 16 weeks of PA intervention (age: 39.30 ± 11.62 y, BMI: 42.75 ± 5.27 kg/m2). Subjective sleep quality, anthropometric parameters, and fitness (i.e., handgrip strength and cardiorespiratory fitness) were measured. RESULTS Two groups were defined as good sleepers (n = 15, 38.06 ± 12.26, men = 1) and bad sleepers (n = 15, 40.53 ± 11.23, men = 3). The good sleeper group reported improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (61.33 ± 68.75 m vs. 635.33 ± 98.91 m, p = 0.003) and handgrip strength (29.63 ± 9.29 kg vs. 31.86 ± 7.17 kg, p = 0.049). The bad sleeper group improved their cardiorespiratory fitness (472.66 ± 99.7 m vs. 611.33 ± 148.75 m, p = 0.001). In terms of sleep quality dimensions, the bad sleeper group improved their subjective sleep quality (p < 0.001), sleep latency (p = 0.045), sleep duration (p = 0.031), and habitual sleep efficiency (p = 0.015). Comparing the changes in both groups (∆), there were differences in subjective sleep quality scores (∆ = 2.23 vs. ∆ = -3.90, p = 0.002), where 86.6% of the bad sleeper group improved sleep quality (p = 0.030). An increase in handgrip strength was correlated to improving sleep quality scores (r = -0.49, p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS Severely obese bad sleepers improved their subjective sleep quality, the components of sleep, and cardiorespiratory fitness through an exercise training program. Improvement in subjective sleep quality was linked to an increase in handgrip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Luis Chirosa-Ríos
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristian Martínez-Salazar
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Claudia Andrea Vargas
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán
- Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero 39087, Mexico
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Body image and health-related behaviors among fitspirit participants. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1764. [PMID: 36115946 PMCID: PMC9482173 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body image variables such as body size perception (BSP) and body size dissatisfaction (BSD) can influence health-related behaviors. However, few studies have investigated these body image variables in adolescent girls participating in a physical activity intervention. Therefore, the study objectives were to examine the 1) associations between health-related behaviors (physical activity, screen-time, eating habits and sleep duration) and BSP and BSD among girls participating in FitSpirit, a physical activity intervention for girls; and 2) influence of weight control practices on the association between health-related behaviors and BSP and BSD. Methods This cross-sectional study assessed a sample of 545 adolescent girls (mean age: 15.0±1.5 years) from 240 schools. Body mass index, health-related behaviors, perceived actual body size and desired body size variables were self-reported and collected via an online questionnaire at the end of the FitSpirit intervention. A negative BSP score [perceived actual body size – calculated BMI z-score] indicates an underestimation of body size. A positive BSD score [perceived actual body size – desired body size] indicates a desire to reduce body size. A multiple linear regression analysis examined the effects of age, zBMI and health behaviors on BSP and BSD. A second multiple linear regression analysis examined the independent associations between BSP and BSD by weight control practice. The linear relationships between BSP and BSD were evaluated with Pearson’s correlations. Results Underestimation and dissatisfaction of body size are more prevalent in participants living with overweight/obesity. Screen-time and sleep duration were independently associated with BSP score (Beta=0.02; P<0.05 and Beta=-0.07; P<0.05, respectively), whereas only screen-time was associated with the BSD score (Beta=0.07; P<0.001). Physical activity was independently associated with the BSP score only in participants trying to control (maintain) their weight (Beta=-0.18; P<0.05). Conclusions Body size overestimation and dissatisfaction are associated with health-related behaviors, specifically with more screen-time and less optimal sleeping habits. Physical activity level does not appear to be associated with body image in girls engaged in a physical activity intervention and who want to lose or gain weight. Health promotion interventions could include screen-time and sleep components as they may influence body image.
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Feingold CL, Smiley A. Healthy Sleep Every Day Keeps the Doctor Away. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10740. [PMID: 36078455 PMCID: PMC9518120 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When one considers the big picture of their health, sufficient sleep may often go overlooked as a keystone element in this picture. Insufficient sleep in either quality or duration is a growing problem for our modern society. It is essential to look at what this means for our health because insufficient sleep increases our risks of innumerable lifechanging diseases. Beyond increasing the risk of developing these diseases, it also makes the symptoms and pathogenesis of many diseases worse. Additionally, consistent quality sleep can not only improve our physical health but has also been shown to improve mental health and overall quality of life. Substandard sleep health could be a root cause for numerous issues individuals may be facing in their lives. It is essential that physicians take the time to learn about how to educate their patients on sleep health and try to work with them on an individual level to help motivate lifestyle changes. Facilitating access to sleep education for their patients is one way in which physicians can help provide patients with the tools to improve their sleep health. Throughout this paper, we will review the mechanisms behind the relationship between insufficient sleep health and chronic disease and what the science says about how inadequate sleep health negatively impacts the overall health and the quality of our lives. We will also explain the lifechanging effects of sufficient sleep and how we can help patients get there.
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Rodríguez-Cortés FJ, Morales-Cané I, Rodríguez-Muñoz PM, Cappadona R, De Giorgi A, Manfredini R, Rodríguez-Borrego MA, Fabbian F, López-Soto PJ. Individual Circadian Preference, Eating Disorders and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Dangerous Liaison? A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:167. [PMID: 35204888 PMCID: PMC8870066 DOI: 10.3390/children9020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and other eating disorders are an actual public health problem, especially in childhood and adolescents, and could be also related with chronotype. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the relationship between eating disorders, obesity and the different chronotypes in children and adolescents. METHODS A systematic review of observational studies evaluating young populations dealing with and evaluating chronotype was conducted. Electronic searches were performed in six international databases. A qualitative thematic-categorical analysis was carried out and a random-effects model was used for the quantitative analysis (meta-analysis). RESULTS Fifteen studies were included, but quantitative analysis was only carried out in three of them. Children and adolescents with an evening chronotype had higher body mass index, consumed more junk food or were more predisposed to suffer from food addiction and night eating syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents with evening chronotype had higher tendency to incorrect eating behaviors and were suffering from overweight/obesity. Environment but also lifestyle factors should be considered in the association between chronotype and eating disorders and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Rodríguez-Cortés
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, 14005 Cordoba, Spain; (F.J.R.-C.); (I.M.-C.); (P.M.R.-M.); (M.A.R.-B.); (P.J.L.-S.)
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio Morales-Cané
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, 14005 Cordoba, Spain; (F.J.R.-C.); (I.M.-C.); (P.M.R.-M.); (M.A.R.-B.); (P.J.L.-S.)
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Pedro Manuel Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, 14005 Cordoba, Spain; (F.J.R.-C.); (I.M.-C.); (P.M.R.-M.); (M.A.R.-B.); (P.J.L.-S.)
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rosaria Cappadona
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Alfredo De Giorgi
- Clinica Medica Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria ‘S.Anna’, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Roberto Manfredini
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Clinica Medica Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria ‘S.Anna’, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - María Aurora Rodríguez-Borrego
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, 14005 Cordoba, Spain; (F.J.R.-C.); (I.M.-C.); (P.M.R.-M.); (M.A.R.-B.); (P.J.L.-S.)
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Fabio Fabbian
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Clinica Medica Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria ‘S.Anna’, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Pablo Jesús López-Soto
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, 14005 Cordoba, Spain; (F.J.R.-C.); (I.M.-C.); (P.M.R.-M.); (M.A.R.-B.); (P.J.L.-S.)
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
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Saidi O, Rochette E, Del Sordo G, Doré É, Merlin É, Walrand S, Duché P. Eucaloric Balanced Diet Improved Objective Sleep in Adolescents with Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103550. [PMID: 34684551 PMCID: PMC8537106 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A better understanding of the influence of energy balance on sleep in adolescents, particularly those with obesity, could help develop strategies to optimize sleep in these populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate sleep under ad libitum-vs-controlled diets adjusted to energy requirement (eucaloric) among adolescents with obesity and their normal weight controls. Methods: Twenty-eight male adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years, n = 14 adolescents with obesity (OB: BMI ≥ 90th centile) and n = 14 normal weight age matched controls (NW), completed an experimental protocol comprising ad libitum or eucaloric meals for three days, in random order. During the third night of each condition, they underwent in home polysomnography (PSG). Results: An interaction effect of energy intake (EI) was detected (p < 0.001). EI was higher during ad libitum compared to the eucaloric condition (p < 0.001) and in OB compared to NW (p < 0.001) in the absence of any substantial modification to macronutrient proportions. Analyses of energy intake distribution throughout the day showed a significant interaction with both a condition and group effect during lunch and dinner. Sleep improvements were noted in OB group during the eucaloric condition compared to ad libitum with reduced sleep onset latency and N1 stage. Sleep improvements were correlated to reduced EI, especially during the evening meal. Conclusion: Simply adjusting dietary intake to energy requirement and reducing the energy proportion of the evening meal could have therapeutic effects on sleep in adolescents with obesity. However, positive energy balance alone cannot justify worsened sleep among adolescents with obesity compared to normal weight counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Saidi
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83000 Toulon, France; (O.S.); (E.R.); (G.D.S.)
- Laboratory of Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, F-63170 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- Regional Center for Human Nutrition (CRNH Auvergne), F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuelle Rochette
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83000 Toulon, France; (O.S.); (E.R.); (G.D.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE Unit, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Giovanna Del Sordo
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83000 Toulon, France; (O.S.); (E.R.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Éric Doré
- Laboratory of Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, F-63170 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- Regional Center for Human Nutrition (CRNH Auvergne), F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Étienne Merlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE Unit, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- INRAE, UNH, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne University, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Pascale Duché
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83000 Toulon, France; (O.S.); (E.R.); (G.D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-652-1838-91
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Saidi O, Colin E, Rance M, Doré E, Pereira B, Duché P. Effect of morning versus evening exercise training on sleep, physical activity, fitness, fatigue and quality of life in overweight and obese adults. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1537-1548. [PMID: 34128447 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1935988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the effectiveness of a 12-week moderate exercise training program (METP), performed in the morning versus the evening, on sleep, physical activity, physical fitness, sleepiness, fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in overweight and obese patients. Sedentary and inactive overweight/obese adults (n = 36) were included in METP and randomized into two groups: morning group (GM) and evening group (GE). Twenty-eight participants successfully completed METP (3 × 90 min exercise session per week for 12 weeks, completion rates >80%). Sleep, physical activity, and bedtime temperature were measured using accelerometry and infrared tympanic temperature during 3 separate weeks of the study (Week1, Week6, and Week12). Participants also took part in baseline and endpoint assessments including physical fitness as well as subjective physical activity, chronotype, sleep quality, sleepiness, fatigue and HRQoL. METP did not impact objective sleep quality differently between the two groups (morning vs evening). Bedtime and mid-sleep were advanced when METP was done in the morning whereas they were delayed when METP was practiced in the early evening (p = .003). Beside this finding, no valuable differences between the two groups were noted in all the remaining measures. METP resulted in improvements of body composition, cardiorespiratory and muscular endurance, as well as a favorable impact on subjective sleep quality, diurnal sleepiness, fatigue and HRQoL in both groups (all p < .05). Evening METP could be an effective alternative for overweight/obese adults when morning METP is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Saidi
- Laboratory of Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Center for Research in Human Nutrition Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Laboratory Physical Activity Impact on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, Toulon, France
| | - Etienne Colin
- Laboratory of Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Center of Resources, Expertise and Performance in Sports (CREPS), Bellerivesur-Allier, France
| | - Mélanie Rance
- Center of Resources, Expertise and Performance in Sports (CREPS), Bellerivesur-Allier, France
| | - Eric Doré
- Laboratory of Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Center for Research in Human Nutrition Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Duché
- Laboratory Physical Activity Impact on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, Toulon, France
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13
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Skjåkødegård HF, Danielsen YS, Frisk B, Hystad SW, Roelants M, Pallesen S, Conlon RPK, Wilfley DE, Juliusson PB. Beyond sleep duration: Sleep timing as a risk factor for childhood obesity. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12698. [PMID: 32729172 PMCID: PMC8809110 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ample evidence attests to the relationship between short sleep duration, sleep problems and childhood obesity. However, few studies have examined the association between sleep timing and obesity in children. OBJECTIVES To investigate how sleep duration, problems and timing relate to obesity and obesogenic behaviours in children. METHODS Eighty-five children (58.8% girls) with severe obesity and mean (SD) age of 12.1 (2.9) years, were matched by age and sex with peers with normal weight (n = 85,12.0 [2.8] years). Sleep and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured via accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Children self-reported emotional eating on the Dutch eating behavior questionnaire. Parents reported children's screen time and sleep problems. RESULTS Children with severe obesity had significantly later mean mid-sleep time, overall (36 minutes later, P < .001), on school nights (36 minutes later, P < .001) and weekend nights (39 minutes later, P = .002) compared to children with normal weight. Children with obesity had more sleep problems (P = .030), but no differences emerged in sleep duration or social jetlag. After adjusting for demographic factors, mid-sleep time was positively related to screen time (P = .030). Mid-sleep time and sleep duration were inversely related to time in MVPA (Ps ≤ .041). There were no other significant associations between the sleep variables and the obesogenic behaviours. CONCLUSIONS Later sleep timing was related to obesogenic behaviours in children and may represent an obesity risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bente Frisk
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Physiotherapy, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sigurd W. Hystad
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Mathieu Roelants
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rachel P. K. Conlon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Denise E. Wilfley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Petur B. Juliusson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health Registries, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Saidi O, Rochette E, Doré É, Maso F, Raoux J, Andrieux F, Fantini ML, Merlin E, Pereira B, Walrand S, Duché P. Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial on the Effect of Proteins with Different Tryptophan/Large Neutral Amino Acid Ratios on Sleep in Adolescents: The PROTMORPHEUS Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061885. [PMID: 32599773 PMCID: PMC7353359 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed sleep is common in adolescents. Ingested nutrients help regulate the internal clock and influence sleep quality. The purpose of this clinical trial is to assess the effect of protein tryptophan (Trp)/large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) ratio on sleep and circadian rhythm. Ingested Trp is involved in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle and improvement of sleep quality. Since Trp transport through the blood-brain barrier is competing with LNAAs, protein with higher Trp/LNAAs were expected to increase sleep efficiency. This randomized double-blind controlled trial will enroll two samples of male adolescents predisposed to sleep disturbances: elite rugby players (n = 24) and youths with obesity (n = 24). They will take part randomly in three sessions each held over a week. They will undergo a washout period, when dietary intake will be calibrated (three days), followed by an intervention period (three days), when their diet will be supplemented with three proteins with different Trp/LNAAs ratios. Physical, cognitive, dietary intake, appetite, and sleepiness evaluations will be made on the last day of each session. The primary outcome is sleep efficiency measured through in-home electroencephalogram recordings. Secondary outcomes include sleep staging, circadian phase, and sleep-, food intake-, metabolism-, and inflammation-related biochemical markers. A fuller understanding of the effect of protein Trp/LNAAs ratio on sleep could help in developing nutritional strategies addressing sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Saidi
- Clermont Auvergne University, Laboratory of Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.S.); (E.D.)
- Center for Research in Human Nutrition Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuelle Rochette
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (E.R.); (E.M.)
- Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE unit, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Toulon University, Laboratory of the Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), 83000 Toulon, France
| | - Éric Doré
- Clermont Auvergne University, Laboratory of Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.S.); (E.D.)
- Center for Research in Human Nutrition Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Freddy Maso
- Rugby Training Center of the Sportive Association Montferrandaise, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Julien Raoux
- OXSITIS LAB-NUTRITION, Chrono-Nutrition Food Supplements, 63110 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (J.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Fabien Andrieux
- OXSITIS LAB-NUTRITION, Chrono-Nutrition Food Supplements, 63110 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (J.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Maria Livia Fantini
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- NPsy-Sydo (EA 7280), Clermont Auvergne University, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Etienne Merlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (E.R.); (E.M.)
- Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE unit, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, INRA, UMR 1019 UNH, ECREIN, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, INRAE, UNH, F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand, France;
| | - Pascale Duché
- Toulon University, Laboratory of the Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), 83000 Toulon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)652-1838-91
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