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Ma R, Wu Y, Liu H, Sun Q, Song L, Liu L, Wang S, Dewer Y. The cuticular protein gene ApCP7 and ApCP62 are essential for reproduction in Acyrthosiphon pisum, affecting ecdysis and survival. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133402. [PMID: 38925177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Cuticular proteins, in conjunction with chitin, compose the insect exoskeleton, and play a key role in the growth, development, and molting of insects. However, the specific functions of most cuticular protein genes in the growth, development, and reproductive processes of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) remain unclear. In this study, we have identified six cuticular protein genes in the pea aphid, namely ApCP7, ApCP10, ApCP19, ApCP19.8-like, ApCP35 and ApCP62. We found that the expression levels of six genes were highly expressed during the adult stage, and except for ApCP10, which is highly expressed in the pea aphid cuticle, other genes were highly expressed in the ovaries. Subsequently, we observed that the survival rate and fecundity of pea aphid were significantly lower than those of the control group after silencing ApCP7 and ApCP62 through RNA interference. Furthermore, when ApCP7 transcript levels were reduced, aphid encountered difficulties in molting, were smaller in body size, and exhibited a darker body color. These results indicate that ApCP7 and ApCP62 are involved in the development and reproduction of pea aphid, and could be used as RNAi targets for controlling pea aphid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yiting Wu
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, China
| | - Qinzhe Sun
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, China
| | - Liwen Song
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Senshan Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Phytotoxicity Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, 7 Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, 12618 Giza, Egypt
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Silva RBV, Coelho Júnior VG, de Paula Mattos Júnior A, Julidori Garcia H, Siqueira Caixeta Nogueira E, Mazzoni TS, Ramos Martins J, Rosatto Moda LM, Barchuk AR. Farnesol, a component of plant-derived honeybee-collected resins, shows JH-like effects in Apis mellifera workers. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 154:104627. [PMID: 38373613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Farnesol, a sesquiterpene found in all eukaryotes, precursor of juvenile hormone (JH) in insects, is involved in signalling, communication, and antimicrobial defence. Farnesol is a compound of floral volatiles, suggesting its importance in pollination and foraging behaviour. Farnesol is found in the resin of Baccharis dracunculifolia, from which honeybees elaborate the most worldwide marketable propolis. Bees use propolis to seal cracks in the walls, reinforce the wax combs, and as protection against bacteria and fungi. The introduction within a honeybee hive of a compound with potential hormonal activity can be a challenge to the colony survival, mainly because the transition from within-hive to outside activities of workers is controlled by JH. Here, we tested the hypothesis that exogenous farnesol alters the pacing of developing workers. The first assays showed that low doses of the JH precursor (0.1 and 0.01 µg) accelerate pharate-adult development, with high doses being toxic. The second assay was conducted in adult workers and demonstrated bees that received 0.2 µg farnesol showed more agitated behaviour than the control bees. If farnesol was used by corpora allata (CA) cells as a precursor of JH and this hormone was responsible for the observed behavioural alterations, these glands were expected to be larger after the treatment. Our results on CA measurements after 72 h of treatment showed bees that received farnesol had glands doubled in size compared to the control bees (p < 0.05). Additionally, we expected the expression of JH synthesis, JH degradation, and JH-response genes would be upregulated in the treated bees. Our results showed that indeed, the mean transcript levels of these genes were higher in the treated bees (significant for methyl farnesoate epoxidase and juvenile hormone esterase, p < 0.05). These results suggest farnesol is used in honeybees as a precursor of JH, leading to increasing JH titres, and thus modulating the pacing of workers development. This finding has behavioural and ecological implications, since alterations in the dynamics of the physiological changes associated to aging in young honeybees may significantly impact colony balance in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Bayker Vieira Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valdeci Geraldo Coelho Júnior
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adolfo de Paula Mattos Júnior
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Henrique Julidori Garcia
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ester Siqueira Caixeta Nogueira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Talita Sarah Mazzoni
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ramos Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lívia Maria Rosatto Moda
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angel Roberto Barchuk
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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3
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Rodrigues PADP, Martins JR, Capizzani BC, Hamasaki LTA, Simões ZLP, Teixeira IRDV, Barchuk AR. Transcriptional signature of host shift in the seed beetle Zabrotes subfasciatus. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47:e20230148. [PMID: 38314880 PMCID: PMC10851049 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In phytophagous insects, adaptation to a new host is a dynamic process, in which early and later steps may be underpinned by different features of the insect genome. Here, we tested the hypothesis that early steps of this process are underpinned by a shift in gene expression patterns. We set up a short-term artificial selection experiment (10 generations) for the use of an alternative host (Cicer arietinum) on populations of the bean beetle Zabrotes subfasciatus. Using Illumina sequencing on young adult females, we show the selected populations differ in the expression of genes associated to stimuli, signalling, and developmental processes. Particularly, the "C. arietinum" population shows upregulation of histone methylation genes, which may constitute a strategy for fine-tuning the insect global gene expression network. Using qPCR on body regions, we demonstrated that the "Phaseolus vulgaris" population upregulates the genes polygalacturonase and egalitarian and that the expression of an odorant receptor transcript variant changes over generations. Moreover, in this population we detected the existence of vitellogenin (Vg) variants in both males and females, possibly harbouring canonical reproductive function in females and extracellular unknown functions in males. This study provides the basis for future genomic investigations seeking to shed light on the nature of the proximate mechanisms involved in promoting differential gene expression associated to insect development and adaptation to new hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Augusto da Pos Rodrigues
- University of Georgia, Department of Entomology, Athens, GA, USA
- Instituto Federal Sul de Minas (IFSULDEMINAS), Campus Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ramos Martins
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Bianca Corrêa Capizzani
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Takashi Araujo Hamasaki
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Zilá Luz Paulino Simões
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Angel Roberto Barchuk
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
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4
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Alborzi Z, Piulachs MD. Dual function of the transcription factor Ftz-f1 on oviposition in the cockroach Blattella germanica. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:689-702. [PMID: 37498010 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Ftz-f1 has multiple functions in insect development in a spatial-temporal line. One of these roles is in the insect ovaries, specifically in the regulation of steroidogenic enzymes production. We studied the function of F in Blattella germanica oogenesis, as it shows two moments of high expression in ovaries: before the imaginal moult, and just before ovulation in the adult. Injecting dsftz-f1 into adult females, either just after the imaginal moult or just prior to choriogenesis, prevented oviposition, with differences between the two approaches. In 3-day-old adult females treated with dsftz-f1 just after the emergence, the expression of ftz-f1 was not modified, but the steroidogenic genes increased their expression. ftz-f1 transcript levels in the ovaries of 5-day-old dsftz-f1-treated females were significantly depleted, and the expression levels of the same steroidogenic genes began to decrease. These results suggest that Ftz-f1 regulates the expression of steroidogenic genes in B. germanica, with phm possibly being a key target. Ftz-f1 has a different temporal function in the cytoskeleton of follicular cells of the basal ovarian follicles. Early in the gonadotrophic cycle, Ftz-f1 promotes the expression of genes related to the cytoskeleton and muscle proteins, while at the end of the cycle it maintains the expression levels of these genes, thus ensuring correct ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Alborzi
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
- Agricultural Entomology, Insect Physiology, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Wang L, Li Z, Yi T, Li G, Smagghe G, Jin D. Ecdysteroid Biosynthesis Halloween Gene Spook Plays an Important Role in the Oviposition Process of Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14797. [PMID: 37834248 PMCID: PMC10573261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In insects, the ecdysteroid hormone regulates development and reproduction. However, its function in the reproduction process of spider mites is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of the Halloween gene Spook on the oviposition of the reproduction process in a spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. The expression patterns of the ecdysteroid biosynthesis and signaling pathway genes, as analyzed by RT-qPCR, showed that the expression pattern of the Halloween genes was similar to the oviposition pattern of the female mite and the expression patterns of the vitellogenesis-related genes TuVg and TuVgR, suggesting that the Halloween genes are involved in the oviposition of spider mites. To investigate the function of the ecdysteroid hormone on the oviposition of the reproduction process, we carried out an RNAi assay against the Halloween gene Spook by injection in female mites. Effective silencing of TuSpo led to a significant reduction of oviposition. In summary, these results provide an initial study on the effect of Halloween genes on the reproduction in T. urticae and may be a foundation for a new strategy to control spider mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tianci Yi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Daochao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
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6
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Ju L, Glastad KM, Sheng L, Gospocic J, Kingwell CJ, Davidson SM, Kocher SD, Bonasio R, Berger SL. Hormonal gatekeeping via the blood-brain barrier governs caste-specific behavior in ants. Cell 2023; 186:4289-4309.e23. [PMID: 37683635 PMCID: PMC10807403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we reveal an unanticipated role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in regulating complex social behavior in ants. Using scRNA-seq, we find localization in the BBB of a key hormone-degrading enzyme called juvenile hormone esterase (Jhe), and we show that this localization governs the level of juvenile hormone (JH3) entering the brain. Manipulation of the Jhe level reprograms the brain transcriptome between ant castes. Although ant Jhe is retained and functions intracellularly within the BBB, we show that Drosophila Jhe is naturally extracellular. Heterologous expression of ant Jhe into the Drosophila BBB alters behavior in fly to mimic what is seen in ants. Most strikingly, manipulation of Jhe levels in ants reprograms complex behavior between worker castes. Our study thus uncovers a remarkable, potentially conserved role of the BBB serving as a molecular gatekeeper for a neurohormonal pathway that regulates social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyang Ju
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karl M Glastad
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Lihong Sheng
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Janko Gospocic
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Urology and Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Callum J Kingwell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Shawn M Davidson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sarah D Kocher
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Roberto Bonasio
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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7
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Lariviere PJ, Leonard SP, Horak RD, Powell JE, Barrick JE. Honey bee functional genomics using symbiont-mediated RNAi. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:902-928. [PMID: 36460809 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Honey bees are indispensable pollinators and model organisms for studying social behavior, development and cognition. However, their eusociality makes it difficult to use standard forward genetic approaches to study gene function. Most functional genomics studies in bees currently utilize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) injection or feeding to induce RNAi-mediated knockdown of a gene of interest. However, dsRNA injection is laborious and harmful, and dsRNA feeding is difficult to scale cheaply. Further, both methods require repeated dsRNA administration to ensure a continued RNAi response. To fill this gap, we engineered the bee gut bacterium Snodgrassella alvi to induce a sustained host RNA interference response that reduces expression of a targeted gene. To employ this functional genomics using engineered symbionts (FUGUES) procedure, a dsRNA expression plasmid is cloned in Escherichia coli using Golden Gate assembly and then transferred to S. alvi. Adult worker bees are then colonized with engineered S. alvi. Finally, gene knockdown is verified through qRT-PCR, and bee phenotypes of interest can be further assessed. Expression of targeted genes is reduced by as much as 50-75% throughout the entire bee body by 5 d after colonization. This protocol can be accomplished in 4 weeks by bee researchers with microbiology and molecular cloning skills. FUGUES currently offers a streamlined and scalable approach for studying the biology of honey bees. Engineering other microbial symbionts to influence their hosts in ways that are similar to those described in this protocol may prove useful for studying additional insect and animal species in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Lariviere
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sean P Leonard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Richard D Horak
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - J Elijah Powell
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Barrick
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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8
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Huang Y, Wu P, Zheng J, Qiu L. Identification of cis-acting elements in response to fenvalerate in the CYP6B7 promoter of Helicoverpa armigera. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 183:105060. [PMID: 35430063 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification plays an important role in the development of insecticide resistance. Previous studies have shown that cytochrome P450 CYP6B7 was induced by fenvalerate and involved in fenvalerate detoxification in Helicoverpa armigera. However, the transcriptional regulation of CYP6B7 induced by fenvalerate remains unclear. Here, a series of progressive 5' deletions of CYP6B7 promoter reporter genes were constructed, and the relative luciferase activities were detected. The results revealed that the relative luciferase activity of plasmid p (-655/-1) was significantly induced by fenvalerate. Further deletion of the region between -655 and -486 bp showed that the highest luciferase activity induced by fenvalerate was observed in plasmid p (-528/-1), while p (-485/-1) had the lowest fenvalerate-induced luciferase activity. Moreover, internal deletion and mutation in the region between -508 and -486 bp resulted in a significant reduction in fenvalerate-induced CYP6B7 promoter activity, suggesting that the cis-acting element responsible for fenvalerate in the CYP6B7 promoter was located between -508 and -486 bp. These results promote an understanding of the expression regulation mechanism of P450 genes that conferring resistance to insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peizhuo Wu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junyue Zheng
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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9
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Liu Z, Nanda S, Yang C, Chen S, Guo M, Khan MM, Qiu B, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Pan H. RNAi suppression of the nuclear receptor FTZ-F1 impaired ecdysis, pupation, and reproduction in the 28-spotted potato ladybeetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 182:105029. [PMID: 35249644 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.105029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fushi-tarazu factor 1 (FTZF1) is an ecdysone-inducible transcription factor that plays a vital role during the metamorphosis in insects. In this study, we functionally characterized HvFTZ-F1 in H. vigintioctopunctata, a dreadful solanaceous crop pest, by using a dietary RNA interference technique. The HvFTZ-F1 expression levels were elevated in the 1st and 2nd-instars before molting and declined immediately after ecdysis. The HvFTZ-F1 silencing led to high mortality in the 1st instars, while the expression of the osmosis-regulative gene, HvAQPAn.G, was significantly increased in the 1st instars. HvFTZ-F1 silencing downregulated the Halloween and 20E-related genes, decreased the ecdysteroids titer, suppressed the expression of pigmentation-related genes, and reduced the catecholamines titer. In the 4th instars, HvFTZ-F1 silencing caused 100% mortality by arresting the development at the prepupal stage and preventing new abdominal cuticle formation. In the female adults, HvFTZ-F1 silencing caused an evident decrease in fecundity, prolonged the pre-oviposition period, reduced the number of eggs and hatching rate, severely atrophied the ovaries. Moreover, the 20E-related genes and the dopamine synthesis genes were suppressed in the dsHvFTZ-F1-treated females. Overall, our results revealed that HvFTZ-F1 regulates ecdysis, pupation, and reproduction in H. vigintioctopunctata, thereby could be a promising molecular target for the development of RNAi-based biopesticides to control H. vigintioctopunctata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Satyabrata Nanda
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha 761200, India
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mujuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Musa Khan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Baoli Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
| | - Huipeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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10
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Dissecting the Isoform-Specific Roles of FTZ-F1 in the Larval–Larval and Larval–Pupal Ecdyses in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030228. [PMID: 35323526 PMCID: PMC8951217 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Fushi Tarazu Factor-1 (FTZ-F1) plays a crucial regulatory role in molting in insects. It is hypothesized that, by alternative transcription start and splicing, the FTZ-F1 gene generates two isomers (α- and βFTZ-F1) that exert isoform-specific roles in non-Drosophilid insects. In the present paper, we first unveiled that the same post-transcriptional processing in FTZ-F1 occurred in coleopterans, lepidopterans, dipterans and hymenopterans. We then found that αFTZ-F1 and βFTZ-F1 were actively transcribed throughout the development, from embryo to adult, in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. Moreover, by RNA interference, we confirmed that both FTZ-F1 isoforms act as regulators in larval–larval molting and βFTZ-F1 is involved in the regulation of the larval–pupal transition. Abstract Fushi Tarazu Factor 1 (FTZ-F1), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is the downstream factor of 20-hydroxyecdysone signaling. In Drosophila melanogaster, alternative transcription start and splicing in the FTZ-F1 gene generate αFTZ-F1 and βFTZ-F1 isoforms, which are vital for pair-rule segmentation in early embryogenesis and post-embryonic development, respectively. However, whether the same mRNA isoforms are present and exert the conservative roles remains to be clarified in other insects. In the present paper, we first mined the genomic data of representative insect species and unveiled that the same post-transcriptional processing in FTZ-F1 occurred in coleopterans, lepidopterans, dipterans and hymenopterans. Our expression data in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, a serious polyphagous defoliator damaging a wide range of crops in Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae, showed that both αFTZ-F1 and βFTZ-F1 were actively transcribed throughout the development, from embryo to adult. The RNA interference-aided knockdown of both isoforms completely arrested larval ecdysis from the third to the fourth instar, in contrast to the depletion of either isoform. In contrast, silencing βFTZ-F1, rather than αFTZ-F1, severely impaired the larval–pupal transformation. We accordingly propose that both FTZ-F1 isoforms are essential but mutually interchangeable for larval–larval molting, while βFTZ-F1 is necessary for the larval–pupal transition and sufficient to exert the role of both FTZ-F1s during larval–pupal metamorphosis in H. vigintioctopunctata.
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11
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Gospocic J, Glastad KM, Sheng L, Shields EJ, Berger SL, Bonasio R. Kr-h1 maintains distinct caste-specific neurotranscriptomes in response to socially regulated hormones. Cell 2021; 184:5807-5823.e14. [PMID: 34739833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral plasticity is key to animal survival. Harpegnathos saltator ants can switch between worker and queen-like status (gamergate) depending on the outcome of social conflicts, providing an opportunity to study how distinct behavioral states are achieved in adult brains. Using social and molecular manipulations in live ants and ant neuronal cultures, we show that ecdysone and juvenile hormone drive molecular and functional differences in the brains of workers and gamergates and direct the transcriptional repressor Kr-h1 to different target genes. Depletion of Kr-h1 in the brain caused de-repression of "socially inappropriate" genes: gamergate genes were upregulated in workers, whereas worker genes were upregulated in gamergates. At the phenotypic level, loss of Kr-h1 resulted in the emergence of worker-specific behaviors in gamergates and gamergate-specific traits in workers. We conclude that Kr-h1 is a transcription factor that maintains distinct brain states established in response to socially regulated hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Gospocic
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Urology and Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karl M Glastad
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lihong Sheng
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emily J Shields
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Urology and Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Roberto Bonasio
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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12
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Soares MPM, Pinheiro DG, de Paula Freitas FC, Simões ZLP, Bitondi MMG. Transcriptome dynamics during metamorphosis of imaginal discs into wings and thoracic dorsum in Apis mellifera castes. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:756. [PMID: 34674639 PMCID: PMC8532292 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much of the complex anatomy of a holometabolous insect is built from disc-shaped epithelial structures found inside the larva, i.e., the imaginal discs, which undergo a rapid differentiation during metamorphosis. Imaginal discs-derived structures, like wings, are built through the action of genes under precise regulation. RESULTS We analyzed 30 honeybee transcriptomes in the search for the gene expression needed for wings and thoracic dorsum construction from the larval wing discs primordia. Analyses were carried out before, during, and after the metamorphic molt and using worker and queen castes. Our RNA-seq libraries revealed 13,202 genes, representing 86.2% of the honeybee annotated genes. Gene Ontology analysis revealed functional terms that were caste-specific or shared by workers and queens. Genes expressed in wing discs and descendant structures showed differential expression profiles dynamics in premetamorphic, metamorphic and postmetamorphic developmental phases, and also between castes. At the metamorphic molt, when ecdysteroids peak, the wing buds of workers showed maximal gene upregulation comparatively to queens, thus underscoring differences in gene expression between castes at the height of the larval-pupal transition. Analysis of small RNA libraries of wing buds allowed us to build miRNA-mRNA interaction networks to predict the regulation of genes expressed during wing discs development. CONCLUSION Together, these data reveal gene expression dynamics leading to wings and thoracic dorsum formation from the wing discs, besides highlighting caste-specific differences during wing discs metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Prioli Miranda Soares
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guariz Pinheiro
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Zilá Luz Paulino Simões
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria Gentile Bitondi
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Luz GFD, Santana WC, Santos CG, Medeiros Santana L, Serrão JE. Cuticle melanization and the expression of immune-related genes in the honeybee Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) adult workers. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 257:110679. [PMID: 34673246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The global decline of bee populations has several factors, including pathogens, which need overcome the insect defenses such as the physical barriers, the body cuticle and peritrophic matrix (primary defenses), as well as the secondary defenses with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and the enzyme lysozyme. The regulation of immune defenses according to the infection risks raises questions about the immunity of social bees due to their exposition to different pathogens pressures during the adult lifespan and tasks performed. This study evaluated the primary (body cuticle melanization, peritrophic matrix and cpr14 expression) and secondary (AMPs and lysozyme expression) defenses of the honeybee Apis mellifera workers according to the age and tasks. The expression of malvolio was used to detect precocious forage tasks outside the colony. Forager workers have higher amount of cuticular melanization in the body cuticle than nurse, but not when the age effect is retired, indicating the gradual acquisition of this compound in the integument of adult bees. The relative value of chitin in the peritrophic matrix and cpr14 mRNA are similar in all bees evaluated, suggesting that these components of primary defenses do not change according to the task and age. Differential expression of genes for AMPs in workers performing different tasks, within the same age group, indicates that the behavior stimulates expression of genes related to secondary immune defense. The expression of malvolio gene, accelerating the change in workers behavior, and those related to immune defense suggest the investment in secondary defense mechanisms when the primary defense of the body cuticle is not yet completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geisyane Franco da Luz
- Departamento de Biologia Geral/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luanda Medeiros Santana
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 38810-000 Rio Paranaíba, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil.
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Glastad KM, Ju L, Berger SL. Tramtrack acts during late pupal development to direct ant caste identity. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009801. [PMID: 34550980 PMCID: PMC8489709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A key question in the rising field of neuroepigenetics is how behavioral plasticity is established and maintained in the developing CNS of multicellular organisms. Behavior is controlled through systemic changes in hormonal signaling, cell-specific regulation of gene expression, and changes in neuronal connections in the nervous system, however the link between these pathways is unclear. In the ant Camponotus floridanus, the epigenetic corepressor CoREST is a central player in experimentally-induced reprogramming of caste-specific behavior, from soldier (Major worker) to forager (Minor worker). Here, we show this pathway is engaged naturally on a large genomic scale during late pupal development targeting multiple genes differentially expressed between castes, and central to this mechanism is the protein tramtrack (ttk), a DNA binding partner of CoREST. Caste-specific differences in DNA binding of ttk co-binding with CoREST correlate with caste-biased gene expression both in the late pupal stage and immediately after eclosion. However, we find a unique set of exclusive Minor-bound genes that show ttk pre-binding in the late pupal stage preceding CoREST binding, followed by caste-specific gene repression on the first day of eclosion. In addition, we show that ttk binding correlates with neurogenic Notch signaling, and that specific ttk binding between castes is enriched for regulatory sites associated with hormonal function. Overall our findings elucidate a pathway of transcription factor binding leading to a repressive epigenetic axis that lies at the crux of development and hormonal signaling to define worker caste identity in C. floridanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl M Glastad
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States of America.,Epigenetics Institute; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States of America
| | - Linyang Ju
- Epigenetics Institute; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States of America.,Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States of America
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States of America.,Epigenetics Institute; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States of America.,Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States of America
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15
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Lebenzon JE, Torson AS, Sinclair BJ. Diapause differentially modulates the transcriptomes of fat body and flight muscle in the Colorado potato beetle. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100906. [PMID: 34509173 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many temperate insects, such as the Colorado potato beetle, enter diapause in winter, during which they arrest their development, suppress their metabolic rate and have high stress tolerance. Diapause phenotypes can be transcriptionally regulated, however many studies to date report only whole animal gene expression rather than tissue-specific processes during diapause. We used RNA-seq to measure gene expression in fat body and flight muscle of diapausing and non-diapausing beetles. We used differential expression and GO enrichment analyses to evaluate longstanding hypotheses about the mechanisms that drive arrested development, changes in energy metabolism, and increased stress tolerance during diapause. We found evidence of G2/M cell cycle arrest, juvenile hormone catabolism, increased antioxidant metabolism, epigenetic modification, transposable element regulation, and cytoskeletal remodeling in both the fat body and flight muscle of diapausing beetles. Beetles differentially modulated the fat body and flight muscle transcriptomes during diapause with fat body playing a larger role in the hypoxia response and immunity, whereas flight muscle had higher abundance of transcripts related to the chaperone response and proteostasis. Our transcriptome provides evidence for distinct roles and responses of fat body and flight muscle during diapause in the Colorado potato beetle, and we provide testable hypotheses for biological processes that appear to drive diapause phenotypes in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Lebenzon
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Alex S Torson
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
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16
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Molecular underpinnings of the early brain developmental response to differential feeding in the honey bee Apis mellifera. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2021; 1864:194732. [PMID: 34242825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2021.194732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain differential morphogenesis in females is one of the major phenotypic manifestations of caste development in honey bees. Brain diphenism appears at the fourth larval phase as a result of the differential feeding regime developing females are submitted during early phases of larval development. Here, we used a forward genetics approach to test the early brain molecular response to differential feeding leading to the brain diphenism observed at later developmental phases. Using RNA sequencing analysis, we identified 53 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the brains of queens and workers at the third larval phase. Since miRNAs have been suggested to play a role in caste differentiation after horizontal and vertical transmission, we tested their potential participation in regulating the DEGs. The miRNA-mRNA interaction network, including the DEGs and the royal- and worker-jelly enriched miRNA populations, revealed a subset of miRNAs potentially involved in regulating the expression of DEGs. The interaction of miR-34, miR-210, and miR-317 with Takeout, Neurotrophin-1, Forked, and Masquerade genes was experimentally confirmed using a luciferase reporter system. Taken together, our results reconstruct the regulatory network that governs the development of the early brain diphenism in honey bees.
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17
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The FTZ-F1 gene encodes two functionally distinct nuclear receptor isoforms in the ectoparasitic copepod salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251575. [PMID: 34014986 PMCID: PMC8136749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, is an ectoparasitic crustacean that annually inflicts substantial losses to the aquaculture industry in the northern hemisphere and poses a threat to the wild populations of salmonids. The salmon louse life cycle consists of eight developmental stages each separated by a molt. Fushi Tarazu Factor-1 (FTZ-F1) is an ecdysteroid-regulated gene that encodes a member of the NR5A family of nuclear receptors that is shown to play a crucial regulatory role in molting in insects and nematodes. Characterization of an FTZ-F1 orthologue in the salmon louse gave two isoforms named αFTZ-F1 and βFTZ-F1, which are identical except for the presence of a unique N-terminal domain (A/B domain). A comparison suggest conservation of the FTZ-F1 gene structure among ecdysozoans, with the exception of nematodes, to produce isoforms with unique N-terminal domains through alternative transcription start and splicing. The two isoforms of the salmon louse FTZ-F1 were expressed in different amounts in the same tissues and showed a distinct cyclical expression pattern through the molting cycle with βFTZ-F1 being the highest expressed isoform. While RNA interference knockdown of βFTZ-F1 in nauplius larvae and in pre-adult males lead to molting arrest, knockdown of βFTZ-F1 in pre-adult II female lice caused disruption of oocyte maturation at the vitellogenic stage. No apparent phenotype could be observed in αFTZ-F1 knockdown larvae, or in their development to adults, and no genes were found to be differentially expressed in the nauplii larvae following αFTZ-F1 knockdown. βFTZ-F1 knockdown in nauplii larvae caused both down and upregulation of genes associated with proteolysis and chitin binding and affected a large number of genes which are in normal salmon louse development expressed in a cyclical pattern. This is the first description of FTZ-F1 gene function in copepod crustaceans and provides a foundation to expand the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of molting in the salmon louse and other copepods.
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Zhang W, Ma L, Liu X, Peng Y, Liang G, Xiao H. Dissecting the roles of FTZ-F1 in larval molting and pupation, and the sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide on Helicoverpa armigera. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1328-1338. [PMID: 33078511 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In holometabolous insects, the major developmental transitions - larval molting and pupation - are triggered by a pulse of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and coordinated by juvenile hormone. Methoxyfenozide (MF), an ecdysteroid agonist, represents a new class of insect growth regulators and is effective against lepidopteran pests. Fushi-tarazu factor 1 (FTZ-F1) is an ecdysone-inducible transcription factor. To date, the effect of MF on 20E-response genes remains unclear, and we speculate the involvement of FTZ-F1 in MF's growth regulating effect. RESULTS MF at LC25 and LC10 caused severe ecdysis failure in Helicoverpa armigera, extended their larval duration, lowered their pupal weight, and reduced the respiratory, pupation and emergence rates. Furthermore, sublethal doses of MF inhibited ecdysteroidogenesis and lowered the intrinsic 20E titer, but showed an inductive effect on 20E-response genes including HaFTZ-F1. HaFTZ-F1, predominantly expressed in larval epidermis, was markedly upregulated before or right after larval ecdysis, and maintained a high level in prepupal stage. Knockdown of HaFTZ-F1 in 4th-instar larvae severely impaired larval ecdysis, whereas its knockdown in final-instar larvae caused abnormal pupation. Moreover, knocking down HaFTZ-F1 downregulated three critical ecdysteroidogenesis genes, lowered 20E titer, and suppressed the expression of 20E receptors and 20E-response genes. The introduction of 20E into HaFTZ-F1-RNAi larvae partly relieved the negative effects on the 20E-induced signaling cascade. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal the adverse effects of sublethal doses of MF on the development of H. armigera and elucidate the resulting perturbations on the 20E-induced signaling cascade; we propose that HaFTZ-F1 regulates ecdysis and pupation by mediating 20E titer and its signaling pathway. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanna Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Long Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiangya Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingchuan Peng
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gemei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Xiao
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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de Paula Junior DE, de Oliveira MT, Bruscadin JJ, Pinheiro DG, Bomtorin AD, Coelho Júnior VG, Moda LMR, Simões ZLP, Barchuk AR. Caste-specific gene expression underlying the differential adult brain development in the honeybee Apis mellifera. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 30:42-56. [PMID: 33044766 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Apis mellifera adult workers feature more developed key brain regions than queens, which allows them to cope with the broad range of duties they need to perform in a colony. However, at the end of larval development, the brain of queens is largely more developed than that of workers. Major morphogenetic changes take place after metamorphosis that shift caste-specific brain development. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this phenomenon is hormonally governed and involves differential gene expression. Our molecular screening approach revealed a set of differentially expressed genes in Pp (first pharate-adult phase) brains between castes mainly coding for tissue remodelling and energy-converting proteins (e.g. hex 70a and ATPsynβ). An in-depth qPCR analysis of the transcriptional behaviour during pupal and pharate-adult developmental stage in both castes and in response to artificially augmented hormone titres of 18 genes/variants revealed that: i. subtle differences in hormone titres between castes might be responsible for the differential expression of the EcR and insulin/insulin-like signalling (IIS) pathway genes; ii. the morphogenetic activity of the IIS in brain development must be mediated by ILP-2, iii. which together with the tum, mnb and caspase system, can constitute the molecular effectors of the caste-specific opposing brain developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E de Paula Junior
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - M T de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - J J Bruscadin
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - D G Pinheiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A D Bomtorin
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V G Coelho Júnior
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - L M R Moda
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Z L P Simões
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A R Barchuk
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
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Yuan H, Zhang W, Fu Y, Jiang S, Xiong Y, Zhai S, Gong Y, Qiao H, Fu H, Wu Y. MnFtz-f1 Is Required for Molting and Ovulation of the Oriental River Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:798577. [PMID: 34987481 PMCID: PMC8721877 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.798577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molting and ovulation are the basic processes responsible for the growth and reproduction of Macrobrachium nipponense; however, the molecular mechanisms of molting and ovulation in M. nipponense are poorly understood. The present study aimed to use MnFtz-f1 as the starting point to study the molting and ovulation phenomena in M. nipponense at the molecular level. The full-length MnFtz-f1 cDNA sequence was 2,198 base pairs (bp) in length with an open reading frame of 1,899 bp encoding 632 amino acids. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that MnFtz-f1 was highly expressed in the ovary at the cleavage stage and on the fifth day after hatching. In vivo administration of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) showed that 20E effectively inhibited the expression of the MnFtz-f1 gene, and the silencing of the MnFtz-f1 gene reduced the content of 20E in the ovary. In situ hybridization (ISH) analysis revealed the localization of MnFtz-f1 in the ovary. Silencing of MnFtz-f1 by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in significant inhibition of the expression of the vitellogenin (Vg), Spook, and Phantom genes, thus confirming that MnFtz-f1 had a mutual regulatory relationship with Vg, Spook, and Phantom. After RNAi, the molting frequency and ovulation number of M. nipponense decreased significantly, which demonstrated that MnFtz-f1 played a pivotal role in the process of molting and ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huwei Yuan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Yin Fu
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sufei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Yiwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuhua Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Qiao, ; Hongtuo Fu,
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Qiao, ; Hongtuo Fu,
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
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21
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Xu Y, Yang X, Sun X, Li X, Liu Z, Yin Q, Ma L, Zhou D, Sun Y, Shen B, Zhu C. Transcription factor FTZ-F1 regulates mosquito cuticular protein CPLCG5 conferring resistance to pyrethroids in Culex pipiens pallens. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:514. [PMID: 33054862 PMCID: PMC7559895 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04383-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Culex pipiens pallens poses a serious threat to human health because of its widespread distribution, high carrier capacity for several arboviruses, frequent human-biting, and growth in urban environments. Pyrethroid insecticides have been mainly used to control adult Cx. pipiens pallens during outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases. Unfortunately, mosquitoes have developed resistance, rendering the insecticides ineffective. Cuticular resistance is the primary mechanism of pyrethroid resistance. Previously, we revealed that cuticular protein of low complexity CPLCG5 is a major cuticular protein associated with deltamethrin resistance in Cx. pipiens pallens, which is enriched in the cuticle of mosquitoes’ legs and participates in pyrethroid resistance by forming a rigid matrix. However, the regulatory mechanisms of its transcription remain unknown. Results First, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of FTZ-F1 (encoding Fushi tarazu-Factor 1) was ~ 1.8-fold higher in the deltamethrin-resistant (DR) than deltamethrin-susceptible (DS) strains at 24 h post-eclosion (PE) and ~ 2.2-fold higher in the DR strain than in the DS strain at 48 h PE. CPLCG5 and FTZ-F1 were co-expressed in the legs, indicating that they might play an essential role in the legs. Dual luciferase reporter assays and EMSA (electrophoretic mobility shift experiments) revealed that FTZ-F1 regulates the transcription of CPLCG5 by binding to the FTZ-F1 response element (− 870/− 864). Lastly, knockdown of FTZ-F1 not only affected CPLCG5 expression but also altered the cuticle thickness and structure of the legs, increasing the susceptibility of the mosquitoes to deltamethrin in vivo. Conclusions The results revealed that FTZ-F1 regulates the expression of CPLCG5 by binding to the CPLCG5 promoter region, altering cuticle thickness and structure, and increasing the susceptibility of mosquitoes to deltamethrin in vivo. This study revealed part of the mechanism of cuticular resistance, providing a deeper understanding of insecticide resistance.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xixi Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Yin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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22
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Friedman DA, Johnson BR, Linksvayer TA. Distributed physiology and the molecular basis of social life in eusocial insects. Horm Behav 2020; 122:104757. [PMID: 32305342 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The traditional focus of physiological and functional genomic research is on molecular processes that play out within a single multicellular organism. In the colonial (eusocial) insects such as ants, bees, and termites, molecular and behavioral responses of interacting nestmates are tightly linked, and key physiological processes are regulated at the scale of the colony. Such colony-level physiological processes regulate nestmate physiology in a distributed fashion, through various social communication mechanisms. As a result of physiological decentralization over evolutionary time, organismal mechanisms, for example related to pheromone detection, hormone signaling, and neural signaling pathways, are deployed in novel contexts to influence nestmate and colony traits. Here we explore how functional genomic, physiological, and behavioral studies can benefit from considering the traits of eusocial insects in this light. We highlight functional genomic work exploring how nestmate-level and colony-level traits arise and are influenced by interactions among physiologically-specialized nestmates of various developmental stages. We also consider similarities and differences between nestmate-level (organismal) and colony-level (superorganismal) physiological processes, and make specific hypotheses regarding the physiology of eusocial taxa. Integrating theoretical models of distributed systems with empirical functional genomics approaches will be useful in addressing fundamental questions related to the evolution of eusociality and collective behavior in natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Friedman
- University of California, Davis, Department of Entomology, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
| | - B R Johnson
- University of California, Davis, Department of Entomology, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - T A Linksvayer
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania, PA 19104, United States of America
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23
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Hamilton AR, Traniello IM, Ray AM, Caldwell AS, Wickline SA, Robinson GE. Division of labor in honey bees is associated with transcriptional regulatory plasticity in the brain. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb200196. [PMID: 31138635 PMCID: PMC6679348 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.200196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies in evolutionary and developmental biology show that relationships between transcription factors (TFs) and their target genes can be altered to result in novel regulatory relationships that generate phenotypic plasticity. We hypothesized that context-dependent shifts in the nervous system associated with behavior may also be linked to changes in TF-target relationships over physiological time scales. We tested this hypothesis using honey bee (Apis mellifera) division of labor as a model system by performing bioinformatic analyses of previously published brain transcriptomic profiles together with new RNAi and behavioral experiments. The bioinformatic analyses identified five TFs that exhibited strong signatures of regulatory plasticity as a function of division of labor. RNAi targeting of one of these TFs (broad complex) and a related TF that did not exhibit plasticity (fushi tarazu transcription factor 1) was administered in conjunction with automated analyses of foraging behavior in the field, laboratory assays of aggression and brood care behavior, and endocrine treatments. The results showed that changes in the regulatory relationships of these TFs were associated with behavioral state, social context and endocrine state. These findings provide the first empirical evidence that TF-target relationships in the brain are altered in conjunction with behavior and social context. They also suggest that one mechanism for this plasticity involves pleiotropic TFs high up in regulatory hierarchies producing behavior-specific transcriptional responses by activating different downstream TFs to induce discrete context-dependent transcriptional cascades. These findings provide new insights into the dynamic nature of the transcriptional regulatory architecture underlying behavior in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Hamilton
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ian M Traniello
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Allyson M Ray
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Arminius S Caldwell
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- Department of Computation and Molecular Biophysics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gene E Robinson
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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