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Wang Q, Chen S, Guo Z, Xia S, Zhang M. NK-like CD8 T cell: one potential evolutionary continuum between adaptive memory and innate immunity. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 217:136-150. [PMID: 38651831 PMCID: PMC11239564 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CD8 T cells are crucial adaptive immune cells with cytotoxicity to fight against pathogens or abnormal self-cells via major histocompatibility complex class I-dependent priming pathways. The composition of the memory CD8 T-cell pool is influenced by various factors. Physiological aging, chronic viral infection, and autoimmune diseases promote the accumulation of CD8 T cells with highly differentiated memory phenotypes. Accumulating studies have shown that some of these memory CD8 T cells also exhibit innate-like cytotoxicity and upregulate the expression of receptors associated with natural killer (NK) cells. Further analysis shows that these NK-like CD8 T cells have transcriptional profiles of both NK and CD8 T cells, suggesting the transformation of CD8 T cells into NK cells. However, the specific induction mechanism underlying NK-like transformation and the implications of this process for CD8 T cells are still unclear. This review aimed to deduce the possible differentiation model of NK-like CD8 T cells, summarize the functions of major NK-cell receptors expressed on these cells, and provide a new perspective for exploring the role of these CD8 T cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shaodan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhenhong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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2
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Foltz JA, Tran J, Wong P, Fan C, Schmidt E, Fisk B, Becker-Hapak M, Russler-Germain DA, Johnson J, Marin ND, Cubitt CC, Pence P, Rueve J, Pureti S, Hwang K, Gao F, Zhou AY, Foster M, Schappe T, Marsala L, Berrien-Elliott MM, Cashen AF, Bednarski JJ, Fertig E, Griffith OL, Griffith M, Wang T, Petti AA, Fehniger TA. Cytokines drive the formation of memory-like NK cell subsets via epigenetic rewiring and transcriptional regulation. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadk4893. [PMID: 38941480 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adk4893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Activation of natural killer (NK) cells with the cytokines interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-15, and IL-18 induces their differentiation into memory-like (ML) NK cells; however, the underlying epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms are unclear. By combining ATAC-seq, CITE-seq, and functional analyses, we discovered that IL-12/15/18 activation results in two main human NK fates: reprogramming into enriched memory-like (eML) NK cells or priming into effector conventional NK (effcNK) cells. eML NK cells had distinct transcriptional and epigenetic profiles and enhanced function, whereas effcNK cells resembled cytokine-primed cNK cells. Two transcriptionally discrete subsets of eML NK cells were also identified, eML-1 and eML-2, primarily arising from CD56bright or CD56dim mature NK cell subsets, respectively. Furthermore, these eML subsets were evident weeks after transfer of IL-12/15/18-activated NK cells into patients with cancer. Our findings demonstrate that NK cell activation with IL-12/15/18 results in previously unappreciated diverse cellular fates and identifies new strategies to enhance NK therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Tran
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pamela Wong
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Changxu Fan
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Evelyn Schmidt
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bryan Fisk
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nancy D Marin
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Celia C Cubitt
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick Pence
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph Rueve
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sushanth Pureti
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kimberly Hwang
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alice Y Zhou
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark Foster
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy Schappe
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lynne Marsala
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Amanda F Cashen
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Obi L Griffith
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Malachi Griffith
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Allegra A Petti
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd A Fehniger
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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3
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Yin P, Chen M, Rao M, Lin Y, Zhang M, Xu R, Hu X, Chen R, Chai W, Huang X, Yu H, Yao Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Tang P. Deciphering Immune Landscape Remodeling Unravels the Underlying Mechanism for Synchronized Muscle and Bone Aging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304084. [PMID: 38088531 PMCID: PMC10837389 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Evidence from numerous studies has revealed the synchronous progression of aging in bone and muscle; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. To this end, human muscles and bones are harvested and the aging-associated transcriptional dynamics of two tissues in parallel using single-cell RNA sequencing are surveyed. A subset of lipid-associated macrophages (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, TREM2+ Macs) is identified in both aged muscle and bone. Genes responsible for muscle dystrophy and bone loss, such as secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), are also highly expressed in TREM2+ Macs, suggesting its conserved role in aging-related features. A common transition toward pro-inflammatory phenotypes in aged CD4+ T cells across tissues is also observed, activated by the nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1). CD4+ T cells in aged muscle experience Th1-like differentiation, whereas, in bone, a skewing toward Th17 cells is observed. Furthermore, these results highlight that degenerated myocytes produce BAG6-containing exosomes that can communicate with Th17 cells in the bone through its receptor natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 (NCR3). This communication upregulates CD6 expression in Th17 cells, which then interact with TREM2+ Macs through CD6-ALCAM signaling, ultimately stimulating the transcription of SPP1 in TREM2+ Macs. The negative correlation between serum exosomal BCL2-associated athanogene 6 (BAG6) levels and bone mineral density further supports its role in mediating muscle and bone synchronization with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbin Yin
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Ming Chen
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Man Rao
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
- Analytical Biosciences LimitedBeijing100191China
| | - Yuan Lin
- The Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin150086China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Ren Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Xueda Hu
- Analytical Biosciences LimitedBeijing100191China
| | - Ruijing Chen
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Wei Chai
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Haikuan Yu
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development StudiesNational School of DevelopmentPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central LaboratoryHainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalSanya572013China
| | - Yi Li
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Peifu Tang
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
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4
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Tu HF, Kung YJ, Lim L, Tao J, Hu MH, Cheng M, Xing D, Wu TC, Hung CF. FLT3L-induced virtual memory CD8 T cells engage the immune system against tumors. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:19. [PMID: 38287325 PMCID: PMC10826030 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligands (FLT3L) has primarily focused on their potential to generate dendritic cells (DCs) from bone marrow progenitors, with a limited understanding of how these cells affect CD8 T cell function. In this study, we further investigated the in vivo role of FLT3L for the immunomodulatory capabilities of CD8 T cells. METHODS Albumin-conjugated FLT3L (Alb-FLT3L) was generated and applied for translational medicine purposes; here it was used to treat naïve C57BL/6 and OT1 mice for CD8 T cell response analysis. Syngeneic B16ova and E.G7ova mouse models were employed for adoptive cell transfer to evaluate the effects of Alb-FLT3L preconditioning of CD8 T cells on tumor progression. To uncover the underlying mechanisms of Alb-FLT3L modulation, we conducted bulk RNA-seq analysis of the CD44high CD8 T cells. STAT1-deficient mice were used to elucidate the functional roles of Alb-FLT3L in the modulation of T cells. Finally, antibody blockade of type one interferon signaling and in vitro coculture of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) with naive CD8 T cells was performed to determine the role of pDCs in mediating regulation of CD44high CD8 T cells. RESULTS CD44high CD8 T cells were enhanced in C57BL/6 mice administrated with Alb-FLT3L. These CD8 T cells exhibited virtual memory features and had greater proliferative and effective functions. Notably, the adoptive transfer of CD44high naïve CD8 T cells into C57BL/6 mice with B16ova tumors led to significant tumor regression. RNA-seq analysis of the CD44high naïve CD8 T cells revealed FLT3L to induce CD44high CD8 T cells in a JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway-dependent manner, as supported by results indicating a decreased ability of FLT3L to enhance CD8 T cell proliferation in STAT1-deficient mice as compared to wild-type control mice. Moreover, antibody blockade of type one interferon signaling restricted the generation of FLT3L-induced CD44high CD8 T cells, while CD44 expression was able to be induced in naïve CD8 T cells cocultured with pDCs derived from FLT3L-treated mice. This suggests the crucial role of pDCs in mediating FLT3L regulation of CD44high CD8 T cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide critical insight and support the therapeutic potential of Alb-FLT3L as an immune modulator in preconditioning of naïve CD8 T cells for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Fang Tu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Kung
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ling Lim
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Julia Tao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ming-Hung Hu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Michelle Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Deyin Xing
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - T C Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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5
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Thomson Z, He Z, Swanson E, Henderson K, Phalen C, Zaim SR, Pebworth MP, Okada LY, Heubeck AT, Roll CR, Hernandez V, Weiss M, Genge PC, Reading J, Giles JR, Manne S, Dougherty J, Jasen CJ, Greenplate AR, Becker LA, Graybuck LT, Vasaikar SV, Szeto GL, Savage AK, Speake C, Buckner JH, Li XJ, Bumol TF, Wherry EJ, Torgerson TR, Vella LA, Henrickson SE, Skene PJ, Gustafson CE. Trimodal single-cell profiling reveals a novel pediatric CD8αα + T cell subset and broad age-related molecular reprogramming across the T cell compartment. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1947-1959. [PMID: 37845489 PMCID: PMC10602854 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Age-associated changes in the T cell compartment are well described. However, limitations of current single-modal or bimodal single-cell assays, including flow cytometry, RNA-seq (RNA sequencing) and CITE-seq (cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing), have restricted our ability to deconvolve more complex cellular and molecular changes. Here, we profile >300,000 single T cells from healthy children (aged 11-13 years) and older adults (aged 55-65 years) by using the trimodal assay TEA-seq (single-cell analysis of mRNA transcripts, surface protein epitopes and chromatin accessibility), which revealed that molecular programming of T cell subsets shifts toward a more activated basal state with age. Naive CD4+ T cells, considered relatively resistant to aging, exhibited pronounced transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming. Moreover, we discovered a novel CD8αα+ T cell subset lost with age that is epigenetically poised for rapid effector responses and has distinct inhibitory, costimulatory and tissue-homing properties. Together, these data reveal new insights into age-associated changes in the T cell compartment that may contribute to differential immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ziyuan He
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elliott Swanson
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Cole Phalen
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Charles R Roll
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology (MICaB) Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Morgan Weiss
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Josephine R Giles
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C J Jasen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Suhas V Vasaikar
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seagen, Bothell, WA, USA
| | - Gregory L Szeto
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seagen, Bothell, WA, USA
| | | | - Cate Speake
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jane H Buckner
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Laura A Vella
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E Henrickson
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Uhl LFK, Cai H, Oram SL, Mahale JN, MacLean AJ, Mazet JM, Piccirilli T, He AJ, Lau D, Elliott T, Gerard A. Interferon-γ couples CD8 + T cell avidity and differentiation during infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6727. [PMID: 37872155 PMCID: PMC10593754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective responses to intracellular pathogens are characterized by T cell clones with a broad affinity range for their cognate peptide and diverse functional phenotypes. How T cell clones are selected throughout the response to retain a breadth of avidities remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that direct sensing of the cytokine IFN-γ by CD8+ T cells coordinates avidity and differentiation during infection. IFN-γ promotes the expansion of low-avidity T cells, allowing them to overcome the selective advantage of high-avidity T cells, whilst reinforcing high-avidity T cell entry into the memory pool, thus reducing the average avidity of the primary response and increasing that of the memory response. IFN-γ in this context is mainly provided by virtual memory T cells, an antigen-inexperienced subset with memory features. Overall, we propose that IFN-γ and virtual memory T cells fulfil a critical immunoregulatory role by enabling the coordination of T cell avidity and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lion F K Uhl
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Han Cai
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophia L Oram
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jagdish N Mahale
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J MacLean
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie M Mazet
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Theo Piccirilli
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander J He
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Doreen Lau
- Centre for Immuno-oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim Elliott
- Centre for Immuno-oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Audrey Gerard
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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7
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Won HY, Liman N, Li C, Park JH. Proinflammatory IFNγ Is Produced by but Not Required for the Generation of Eomes + Thymic Innate CD8 T Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2433. [PMID: 37887277 PMCID: PMC10605631 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate CD8 T cells are proinflammatory effector T cells that achieve functional maturation in the thymus prior to their export into and maturation in peripheral tissues. Innate CD8 T cells produce the Th1 cytokine IFNγ but depend on the Th2 cytokine IL-4 for their generation. Thus, innate CD8 T cells can permute the intrathymic cytokine milieu by consuming a Th2 cytokine but driving a Th1 cytokine response. The cellular source of IL-4 is the NKT2 subset of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. Consequently, NKT2 deficiency results in the lack of innate CD8 T cells. Whether NKT2 is the only iNKT subset and whether IL-4 is the only cytokine required for innate CD8 T cell generation, however, remains unclear. Here, we employed a mouse model of NKT1 deficiency, which is achieved by overexpression of the cytokine receptor IL-2Rβ, and assessed the role of other iNKT subsets and cytokines in innate CD8 T cell differentiation. Because IL-2Rβ-transgenic mice failed to generate both NKT1 and innate CD8 T cells, we postulated an in vivo requirement for IFNγ-producing NKT1 cells for innate CD8 T cell development. In-depth analyses of IL-2Rβ-transgenic mice and IFNγ-deficient mice, however, demonstrated that neither NKT1 nor IFNγ was required to induce Eomes or to drive innate CD8 T cell generation. Instead, in vivo administration of recombinant IL-4 sufficed to restore the development of innate CD8 T cells in NKT1-deficient mice, affirming that intrathymic IL-4, and not IFNγ, is the limiting factor and key regulator of innate CD8 T cell generation in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.Y.W.); (N.L.); (C.L.)
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8
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Hayashi T, Kato N, Furudoi K, Hayashi I, Kyoizumi S, Yoshida K, Kusunoki Y, Furukawa K, Imaizumi M, Hida A, Tanabe O, Ohishi W. Early-life atomic-bomb irradiation accelerates immunological aging and elevates immune-related intracellular reactive oxygen species. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13940. [PMID: 37539495 PMCID: PMC10577552 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in immune responses; however, their excessive production and accumulation increases the risk of inflammation-related diseases. Although irradiation is known to accelerate immunological aging, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. To determine the possible involvement of ROS in this mechanism, we examined 10,023 samples obtained from 3752 atomic-bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, who participated in repeated biennial examinations from 2008 to 2016, for the effects of aging and radiation exposure on intracellular ROS (H2 O2 and O2 •- ) levels, percentages of T-cell subsets, and the effects of radiation exposure on the relationship between cell percentages and intracellular ROS levels in T-cell subsets. The cell percentages and intracellular ROS levels in T-cell subsets were measured using flow cytometry, with both fluorescently labeled antibodies and the fluorescent reagents, carboxy-DCFDA and hydroethidine. The percentages of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells decreased with increasing age and radiation dose, while the intracellular O2 •- levels in central and effector memory CD8+ T cells increased. Additionally, when divided into three groups based on the percentages of naïve CD4+ T cells, intracellular O2 •- levels of central and effector memory CD8+ T cells were significantly elevated with the lowest radiation dose group in the naïve CD4+ T cells. Thus, the radiation exposure-induced decrease in the naïve CD4+ T cell pool size may reflect decreased immune function, resulting in increased intracellular ROS levels in central and effector memory CD8+ T cells, and increased intracellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Hayashi
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
- Biosample Research CenterRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Naohiro Kato
- Department of StatisticsRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Keiko Furudoi
- Biosample Research CenterRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Ikue Hayashi
- Central Research LaboratoryHiroshima University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshimaJapan
| | - Seishi Kyoizumi
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Kengo Yoshida
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yoichiro Kusunoki
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | | | - Misa Imaizumi
- Biosample Research CenterRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
- Department of Nagasaki Clinical StudiesRadiation Effects Research FoundationNagasakiJapan
| | - Ayumi Hida
- Department of Nagasaki Clinical StudiesRadiation Effects Research FoundationNagasakiJapan
| | - Osamu Tanabe
- Biosample Research CenterRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Waka Ohishi
- Department of Hiroshima Clinical StudiesRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
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9
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Peng JM, Su YL. Lymph node metastasis and tumor-educated immune tolerance: Potential therapeutic targets against distant metastasis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115731. [PMID: 37541450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis has been shown to positively associated with the prognosis of many cancers. However, in clinical treatment, lymphadenectomy is not always successful, suggesting that immune cells in the tumor and sentinel lymph nodes still play a pivotal role in tumor immunosuppression. Recent studies had shown that tumors can tolerate immune cells through multiple strategies, including tumor-induced macrophage reprogramming, T cells inactivation, production of B cells pathogenic antibodies and activation of regulatory T cells to promote tumor colonization, growth, and metastasis in lymph nodes. We reviewed the bidirectional effect of immune cells on anti-tumor or promotion of cancer cell metastasis during lymph node metastasis, and the mechanisms by which malignant cancer cells modify immune cells to create a more favorable environment for the growth and survival of cancer cells. Research and treatment strategies focusing on the immune system in lymph nodes and potential immune targets in lymph node metastasis were also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jei-Ming Peng
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Li Su
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
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10
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Wang YY, Zhen C, Hu W, Huang HH, Li YJ, Zhou MJ, Li J, Fu YL, Zhang P, Li XY, Yang T, Song JW, Fan X, Zou J, Meng SR, Qin YQ, Jiao YM, Xu R, Zhang JY, Zhou CB, Yuan JH, Huang L, Shi M, Cheng L, Wang FS, Zhang C. Elevated glutamate impedes anti-HIV-1 CD8 + T cell responses in HIV-1-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy. Commun Biol 2023; 6:696. [PMID: 37419968 PMCID: PMC10328948 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04975-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8 + T cells are essential for long-lasting HIV-1 control and have been harnessed to develop therapeutic and preventive approaches for people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). HIV-1 infection induces marked metabolic alterations. However, it is unclear whether these changes affect the anti-HIV function of CD8 + T cells. Here, we show that PLWH exhibit higher levels of plasma glutamate than healthy controls. In PLWH, glutamate levels positively correlate with HIV-1 reservoir and negatively correlate with the anti-HIV function of CD8 + T cells. Single-cell metabolic modeling reveals glutamate metabolism is surprisingly robust in virtual memory CD8 + T cells (TVM). We further confirmed that glutamate inhibits TVM cells function via the mTORC1 pathway in vitro. Our findings reveal an association between metabolic plasticity and CD8 + T cell-mediated HIV control, suggesting that glutamate metabolism can be exploited as a therapeutic target for the reversion of anti-HIV CD8 + T cell function in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Yuan Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Emergency, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Huang Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Jun Li
- Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Ming-Ju Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Long Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Si-Run Meng
- Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Ya-Qin Qin
- Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Bao Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hong Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
- Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
- Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China.
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11
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Sedney CJ, Harvill ET. The Neonatal Immune System and Respiratory Pathogens. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1597. [PMID: 37375099 PMCID: PMC10301501 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonates are more susceptible to some pathogens, particularly those that cause infection in the respiratory tract. This is often attributed to an incompletely developed immune system, but recent work demonstrates effective neonatal immune responses to some infection. The emerging view is that neonates have a distinctly different immune response that is well-adapted to deal with unique immunological challenges of the transition from a relatively sterile uterus to a microbe-rich world, tending to suppress potentially dangerous inflammatory responses. Problematically, few animal models allow a mechanistic examination of the roles and effects of various immune functions in this critical transition period. This limits our understanding of neonatal immunity, and therefore our ability to rationally design and develop vaccines and therapeutics to best protect newborns. This review summarizes what is known of the neonatal immune system, focusing on protection against respiratory pathogens and describes challenges of various animal models. Highlighting recent advances in the mouse model, we identify knowledge gaps to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric T. Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
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12
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Sedney CJ, Caulfield A, Dewan KK, Blas-Machado U, Callender M, Manley NR, Harvill ET. Novel murine model reveals an early role for pertussis toxin in disrupting neonatal immunity to Bordetella pertussis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125794. [PMID: 36855631 PMCID: PMC9968397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased susceptibility of neonates to specific pathogens has previously been attributed to an underdeveloped immune system. More recent data suggest neonates have effective protection against most pathogens but are particularly susceptible to those that target immune functions specific to neonates. Bordetella pertussis (Bp), the causative agent of "whooping cough", causes more serious disease in infants attributed to its production of pertussis toxin (PTx), although the neonate-specific immune functions it targets remain unknown. Problematically, the rapid development of adult immunity in mice has confounded our ability to study interactions of the neonatal immune system and its components, such as virtual memory T cells which are prominent prior to the maturation of the thymus. Here, we examine the rapid change in susceptibility of young mice and define a period from five- to eight-days-old during which mice are much more susceptible to Bp than mice even a couple days older. These more narrowly defined "neonatal" mice display significantly increased susceptibility to wild type Bp but very rapidly and effectively respond to and control Bp lacking PTx, more rapidly even than adult mice. Thus, PTx efficiently blocks some very effective form(s) of neonatal protective immunity, potentially providing a tool to better understand the neonatal immune system. The rapid clearance of the PTx mutant correlates with the early accumulation of neutrophils and T cells and suggests a role for PTx in disrupting their accumulation. These results demonstrate a striking age-dependent response to Bp, define an early age of extreme susceptibility to Bp, and demonstrate that the neonatal response can be more efficient than the adult response in eliminating bacteria from the lungs, but these neonatal functions are substantially blocked by PTx. This refined definition of "neonatal" mice may be useful in the study of other pathogens that primarily infect neonates, and PTx may prove a particularly valuable tool for probing the poorly understood neonatal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen J. Sedney
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Amanda Caulfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kaylan K. Dewan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Uriel Blas-Machado
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Maiya Callender
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Nancy R. Manley
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Eric T. Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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13
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Hussain T, Nguyen A, Daunt C, Thiele D, Pang ES, Li J, Zaini A, O'Keeffe M, Zaph C, Harris NL, Quinn KM, La Gruta NL. Helminth Infection-Induced Increase in Virtual Memory CD8 T Cells Is Transient, Driven by IL-15, and Absent in Aged Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:297-309. [PMID: 36524995 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CD8 virtual memory T (TVM) cells are Ag-naive CD8 T cells that have undergone partial differentiation in response to common γ-chain cytokines, particularly IL-15 and IL-4. TVM cells from young individuals are highly proliferative in response to TCR and cytokine stimulation but, with age, they lose TCR-mediated proliferative capacity and exhibit hallmarks of senescence. Helminth infection can drive an increase in TVM cells, which is associated with improved pathogen clearance during subsequent infectious challenge in young mice. Given the cytokine-dependent profile of TVM cells and their age-associated dysfunction, we traced proliferative and functional changes in TVM cells, compared with true naive CD8 T cells, after helminth infection of young and aged C57BL/6 mice. We show that IL-15 is essential for the helminth-induced increase in TVM cells, which is driven only by proliferation of existing TVM cells, with negligible contribution from true naive cell differentiation. Additionally, TVM cells showed the greatest proliferation in response to helminth infection and IL-15 compared with other CD8 T cells. Furthermore, TVM cells from aged mice did not undergo expansion after helminth infection due to both TVM cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic changes associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabinda Hussain
- Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Nguyen
- Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carmel Daunt
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Thiele
- Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ee Shan Pang
- Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jasmine Li
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Aidil Zaini
- Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Keeffe
- Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colby Zaph
- Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie M Quinn
- Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole L La Gruta
- Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Seok J, Cho SD, Seo SJ, Park SH. Roles of Virtual Memory T Cells in Diseases. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e11. [PMID: 36911806 PMCID: PMC9995991 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory T cells that mediate fast and effective protection against reinfections are usually generated upon recognition on foreign Ags. However, a "memory-like" T-cell population, termed virtual memory T (TVM) cells that acquire a memory phenotype in the absence of foreign Ag, has been reported. Although, like innate cells, TVM cells reportedly play a role in first-line defense to bacterial or viral infections, their protective or pathological roles in immune-related diseases are largely unknown. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of TVM cells, focusing on their distinct characteristics, immunological properties, and roles in various immune-related diseases, such as infections and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Seok
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Sung-Dong Cho
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seong Jun Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.,The Center for Epidemic Preparedness, KAIST Institute, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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15
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Pineau J, Moreau H, Duménil AML, Pierobon P. Polarity in immune cells. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 154:197-222. [PMID: 37100518 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells are responsible for pathogen detection and elimination, as well as for signaling to other cells the presence of potential danger. In order to mount an efficient immune response, they need to move and search for a pathogen, interact with other cells, and diversify the population by asymmetric cell division. All these actions are regulated by cell polarity: cell polarity controls cell motility, which is crucial for scanning peripheral tissues to detect pathogens, and recruiting immune cells to sites of infection; immune cells, in particular lymphocytes, communicate with each other by a direct contact called immunological synapse, which entails a global polarization of the cell and plays a role in activating lymphocyte response; finally, immune cells divide asymmetrically from a precursor, generating a diversity of phenotypes and cell types among daughter cells, such as memory and effector cells. This review aims at providing an overview from both biology and physics perspectives of how cell polarity shapes the main immune cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Pineau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, Cedex, France; Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Moreau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, Cedex, France
| | | | - Paolo Pierobon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, Cedex, France.
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16
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Viano ME, Baez NS, Savid-Frontera C, Lidon NL, Hodge DL, Herbelin A, Gombert JM, Barbarin A, Rodriguez-Galan MC. Virtual Memory CD8 + T Cells: Origin and Beyond. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:624-642. [PMID: 36083273 PMCID: PMC9835308 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of CD8+ T cells with a memory phenotype in nonimmunized mice has been noted for decades, but it was not until about 2 decades ago that they began to be studied in greater depth. Currently called virtual memory CD8+ T cells, they consist of a heterogeneous group of cells with memory characteristics, without any previous contact with their specific antigens. These cells were identified in mice, but a few years ago, a cell type with characteristics equivalent to the murine ones was described in healthy humans. In this review, we address the different aspects of its biology mainly developed in murine models and what is currently known about its cellular equivalent in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Estefania Viano
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia Soledad Baez
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Savid-Frontera
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Leonel Lidon
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - André Herbelin
- Inserm U1313, Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Marc Gombert
- Inserm U1313, Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Service d'Immunologie et Inflammation, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Alice Barbarin
- Inserm U1313, Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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17
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Wang YY, Hu W, Wang FS, Zhang C. Revisiting the role of human memory CD8+ T cells in immune surveillance. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1319-1321. [PMID: 35922545 PMCID: PMC9622901 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- You-Yuan Wang
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
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18
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Savid-Frontera C, Viano ME, Baez NS, Lidon NL, Fontaine Q, Young HA, Vimeux L, Donnadieu E, Rodriguez-Galan MC. Exploring the immunomodulatory role of virtual memory CD8+ T cells: Role of IFN gamma in tumor growth control. Front Immunol 2022; 13:971001. [PMID: 36330506 PMCID: PMC9623162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual memory CD8+ T cells (TVM) have been described as cells with a memory-like phenotype but without previous antigen (Ag) exposure. TVM cells have the ability to respond better to innate stimuli rather than by TCR engagement, producing large amounts of interferon gamma (IFNγ) after stimulation with interleukin (IL)-12 plus IL-18. As a result of the phenotypic similarity, TVM cells have been erroneously included in the central memory T cell subset for many years. However, they can now be discriminated via the CD49d receptor, which is up-regulated only on conventional memory T cells (TMEM) and effector T cells (TEFF) after specific cognate Ag recognition by a TCR. In this work we show that systemic expression of IL-12 plus IL-18 induced an alteration in the normal TVM vs TMEM/TEFF distribution in secondary lymphoid organs and a preferential enrichment of TVM cells in the melanoma (B16) and the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (KPC) tumor models. Using our KPC bearing OT-I mouse model, we observed a significant increase in CD8+ T cell infiltrating the tumor islets after IL-12+IL-18 stimulation with a lower average speed when compared to those from control mice. This finding indicates a stronger interaction of T cells with tumor cells after cytokine stimulation. These results correlate with a significant reduction in tumor size in both tumor models in IL-12+IL-18-treated OT-I mice compared to control OT-I mice. Interestingly, the absence of IFNγ completely abolished the high antitumor capacity induced by IL-12+IL-18 expression, indicating an important role for these cytokines in early tumor growth control. Thus, our studies provide significant new information that indicates an important role of TVM cells in the immune response against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Savid-Frontera
- Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Estefania Viano
- Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia S. Baez
- Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolas L. Lidon
- Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Quentin Fontaine
- Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Howard A. Young
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Lene Vimeux
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Maria Cecilia Rodriguez-Galan
- Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Maria Cecilia Rodriguez-Galan,
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19
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Ji L, Xu S, Luo H, Zeng F. Insights from DOCK2 in cell function and pathophysiology. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:997659. [PMID: 36250020 PMCID: PMC9559381 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.997659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) can activate the downstream small G protein Rac and regulate cytoskeletal reorganization. DOCK2 is essential for critical physiological processes such as migration, activation, proliferation, and effects of immune cells, including lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. For example, DOCK2 is involved in the development and activation of T and B lymphocytes by affecting synapse formation and inhibiting the development of the Th2 lineage by downregulating IL-4Rα surface expression. Not only that, DOCK2 may be a molecular target for controlling cardiac transplant rejection and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Patients with defects in the DOCK2 gene also exhibit a variety of impaired cellular functions, such as chemotactic responses of lymphocytes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by neutrophils. To date, DOCK2 has been shown to be involved in the development of various diseases, including AD, pneumonia, myocarditis, colitis, tumors, etc. DOCK2 plays different roles in these diseases and the degree of inflammatory response has a different impact on the progression of disease. In this paper, we present a review of recent advances in the function of DOCK2 in various immune cells and its role in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fanwei Zeng, ; Haiqing Luo, ; Lulin Ji,
| | - Shuquan Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haiqing Luo
- Organoid Research Center, Xiamen Broad Creation Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
- Research and Development Center, Xiamen Mogengel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Fanwei Zeng, ; Haiqing Luo, ; Lulin Ji,
| | - Fanwei Zeng
- Organoid Research Center, Xiamen Broad Creation Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
- Research and Development Center, Xiamen Mogengel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Fanwei Zeng, ; Haiqing Luo, ; Lulin Ji,
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20
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Garnica M, Aiello A, Ligotti ME, Accardi G, Arasanz H, Bocanegra A, Blanco E, Calabrò A, Chocarro L, Echaide M, Kochan G, Fernandez-Rubio L, Ramos P, Pojero F, Zareian N, Piñeiro-Hermida S, Farzaneh F, Candore G, Caruso C, Escors D. How Can We Improve the Vaccination Response in Older People? Part II: Targeting Immunosenescence of Adaptive Immunity Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9797. [PMID: 36077216 PMCID: PMC9456031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people that are 65 years old or older has been increasing due to the improvement in medicine and public health. However, this trend is not accompanied by an increase in quality of life, and this population is vulnerable to most illnesses, especially to infectious diseases. Vaccination is the best strategy to prevent this fact, but older people present a less efficient response, as their immune system is weaker due mainly to a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. The adaptive immune system is constituted by two types of lymphocytes, T and B cells, and the function and fitness of these cell populations are affected during ageing. Here, we review the impact of ageing on T and B cells and discuss the approaches that have been described or proposed to modulate and reverse the decline of the ageing adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Garnica
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Hugo Arasanz
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Bocanegra
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ester Blanco
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anna Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Chocarro
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Echaide
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Fernandez-Rubio
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramos
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nahid Zareian
- The Rayne Institute, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- The Rayne Institute, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - David Escors
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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21
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Wang Y, Dong C, Han Y, Gu Z, Sun C. Immunosenescence, aging and successful aging. Front Immunol 2022; 13:942796. [PMID: 35983061 PMCID: PMC9379926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.942796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging induces a series of immune related changes, which is called immunosenescence, playing important roles in many age-related diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). However, the mechanism of immunosenescence, the association with aging and successful aging, and the effects on diseases are not revealed obviously. In order to provide theoretical basis for preventing or controlling diseases effectively and achieve successful aging, we conducted the review and found that changes of aging-related phenotypes, deterioration of immune organ function and alterations of immune cell subsets participated in the process of immunosenescence, which had great effects on the occurrence and development of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yudian Han
- Information Center, The First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Gu, ; Chi Sun,
| | - Chi Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Gu, ; Chi Sun,
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22
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Van Kaer L, Postoak JL, Song W, Wu L. Innate and Innate-like Effector Lymphocytes in Health and Disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:199-207. [PMID: 35821102 PMCID: PMC9285656 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocytes can be functionally partitioned into subsets belonging to the innate or adaptive arms of the immune system. Subsets of innate and innate-like lymphocytes may or may not express Ag-specific receptors of the adaptive immune system, yet they are poised to respond with innate-like speed to pathogenic insults but lack the capacity to develop classical immunological memory. These lymphocyte subsets display a number of common properties that permit them to integrate danger and stress signals dispatched by innate sensor cells to facilitate the generation of specialized effector immune responses tailored toward specific pathogens or other insults. In this review, we discuss the functions of distinct subsets of innate and innate-like lymphocytes. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which these cells are activated in different contexts, their interactions with other immune cells, and their role in health and disease may inform the development of new or improved immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - J Luke Postoak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Wenqiang Song
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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23
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Hu W, Li YJ, Zhen C, Wang YY, Huang HH, Zou J, Zheng YQ, Huang GC, Meng SR, Jin JH, Li J, Zhou MJ, Fu YL, Zhang P, Li XY, Yang T, Wang XW, Yang XH, Song JW, Fan X, Jiao YM, Xu RN, Zhang JY, Zhou CB, Yuan JH, Huang L, Qin YQ, Wu FY, Shi M, Wang FS, Zhang C. CCL5-Secreting Virtual Memory CD8+ T Cells Inversely Associate With Viral Reservoir Size in HIV-1-Infected Individuals on Antiretroviral Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:897569. [PMID: 35720272 PMCID: PMC9204588 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.897569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies highlighted that CD8+ T cells are necessary for restraining reservoir in HIV-1-infected individuals who undergo antiretroviral therapy (ART), whereas the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we enrolled 60 virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected individuals, to assess the correlations of the effector molecules and phenotypic subsets of CD8+ T cells with HIV-1 DNA and cell-associated unspliced RNA (CA usRNA). We found that the levels of HIV-1 DNA and usRNA correlated positively with the percentage of CCL4+CCL5- CD8+ central memory cells (TCM) while negatively with CCL4-CCL5+ CD8+ terminally differentiated effector memory cells (TEMRA). Moreover, a virtual memory CD8+ T cell (TVM) subset was enriched in CCL4-CCL5+ TEMRA cells and phenotypically distinctive from CCL4+ TCM subset, supported by single-cell RNA-Seq data. Specifically, TVM cells showed superior cytotoxicity potentially driven by T-bet and RUNX3, while CCL4+ TCM subset displayed a suppressive phenotype dominated by JUNB and CREM. In viral inhibition assays, TVM cells inhibited HIV-1 reactivation more effectively than non-TVM CD8+ T cells, which was dependent on CCL5 secretion. Our study highlights CCL5-secreting TVM cells subset as a potential determinant of HIV-1 reservoir size. This might be helpful to design CD8+ T cell-based therapeutic strategies for cure of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Jun Li
- Guangxi Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng Zhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - You-Yuan Wang
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Huang Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Guangxi Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Yan-Qing Zheng
- Guangxi Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Gui-Chan Huang
- Guangxi Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Si-Run Meng
- Guangxi Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Jie-Hua Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Ju Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Long Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Wen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Han Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Bao Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hong Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Qin Qin
- Guangxi Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Feng-Yao Wu
- Guangxi Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Guangxi Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Guangxi Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
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24
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Toma G, Lemnian IM, Karapetian E, Grosse I, Seliger B. Transcriptional Analysis of Total CD8 + T Cells and CD8 +CD45RA - Memory T Cells From Young and Old Healthy Blood Donors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:806906. [PMID: 35154123 PMCID: PMC8829550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.806906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cells accumulate with aging, while the naïve T cell compartment decreases, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections and a decreased vaccine efficiency. To get deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms, this study aims to determine the age-dependent expression profile of total versus memory CD8+ T cells from young and old donors. Total CD8+ and CD8+CD45RA- memory T cells isolated from young (<30 years) and old (>60 years) donors were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies for 48h before analyzing the cytokine secretion and activation markers by flow cytometry and changes in the expression profiles using RNA sequencing. Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analyses were performed for up-regulated and uniquely expressed transcripts identified in the T cell populations of both age groups. Total and memory CD8+ T cells from old donors expressed significantly higher CD25 levels and have an increased cytokine secretion. While approximately 1,500 up-regulated transcripts were identified in all groups, CD8+CD45RA- memory T cells of old donors had approximately 500 more uniquely expressed transcripts. Four GO terms related to the JAK-STAT pathway were identified for up-regulated transcripts in the total CD8+ T cells of old donors, whereas CD8+CD45RA- memory T cells GO terms related to adjacent pathways, like JNK and MAPK/ERK, were found. Additionally, the unique transcripts of CD8+CD45RA- memory T cells of old donors were related to the JNK, MAPK and IL-12 pathways. For both T cell populations of the old donors, cytokine and JAK-STAT pathway transcripts were up-regulated. Thus, an age-dependent effect was observed on the transcriptomes of total and memory CD8+ T cells. The CD8+ CD45RA- memory T cells from old donors maintained the increased cytokine secretion of the total CD8+ T cell population and the increased JAK-STAT pathway transcripts, which have an impact on inflammation and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Toma
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ioana Maria Lemnian
- Institute for Computer Science, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Institute for Human Genetics, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Eliza Karapetian
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ivo Grosse
- Institute for Computer Science, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Department for Therapeutics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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25
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Møller SH, Hsueh PC, Yu YR, Zhang L, Ho PC. Metabolic programs tailor T cell immunity in viral infection, cancer, and aging. Cell Metab 2022; 34:378-395. [PMID: 35235773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Productive T cell responses to infection and cancer rely on coordinated metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic remodeling among the immune cells. In particular, T cell effector and memory differentiation, exhaustion, and senescence/aging are tightly regulated by the metabolism-epigenetics axis. In this review, we summarize recent advances of how metabolic circuits combined with epigenetic changes dictate T cell fate decisions and shape their functional states. We also discuss how the metabolic-epigenetic axis orchestrates T cell exhaustion and explore how physiological factors, such as diet, gut microbiota, and the circadian clock, are integrated in shaping T cell epigenetic modifications and functionality. Furthermore, we summarize key features of the senescent/aged T cells and discuss how to ameliorate vaccination- and COVID-induced T cell dysfunctions by metabolic modulations. An in-depth understanding of the unexplored links between cellular metabolism and epigenetic modifications in various physiological or pathological contexts has the potential to uncover novel therapeutic strategies for fine-tuning T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Hedlund Møller
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pei-Chun Hsueh
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Yi-Ru Yu
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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26
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Fernandes JR, Pinto TNC, Arruda LB, da Silva CCBM, de Carvalho CRF, Pinto RMC, da Silva Duarte AJ, Benard G. Age-associated phenotypic imbalance in TCD4 and TCD8 cell subsets: comparison between healthy aged, smokers, COPD patients and young adults. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2022; 19:9. [PMID: 35164774 PMCID: PMC8842531 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
COPD is associated with an abnormal lung immune response that leads to tissue damage and remodeling of the lung, but also to systemic effects that compromise immune responses. Cigarette smoking also impacts on innate and adaptative immune responses, exerting dual, pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Previously, we showed that COPD patients presented accelerated telomere shortening and decreased telomerase activity, while, paradoxically, cigarette-smokers exhibited preserved telomerase activity and slower rate of telomere shortening.
Results
Here, we evaluated the naive, CM, EM and TEMRA subsets of TCD4 and TCD8 cells according to the expression of CCR7/CD45RA. We compared age-matched COPD patients, cigarette-smokers without clinical-laboratory evidence of pulmonary compromise, and healthy individuals. They were additionally compared with a group of young adults. For each subset we analysed the expression of markers associated with late differentiation, senescence and exhaustion (CD27/CD28/CD57/KLRG1/PD1). We show that COPD patients presented a drastically reduced naive cells pool, and, paradoxically, increased fractions of naive cells expressing late differentiation, senescence or exhaustion markers, likely impacting on their immunocompetence. Pronounced phenotypic alterations were also evidenced in their three memory T-cell subsets compared with the other aged and young groups, suggesting an also dysfunctional memory pool. Surprisingly, our smokers showed a profile closer to the Healthy aged than COPD patients. They exhibited the usual age-associated shift of naive to EM TCD4 and TCD8 cells, but not to CM or TEMRA T-cells. Nonetheless, their naive T-cells phenotypes were in general similar to those of the Youngs and Healthy aged, suggesting a rather phenotypically preserved subset, while the memory T-cells exhibited increased proportions of cells with the late-differentiation or senescence/exhaustion markers as in the Healthy aged.
Conclusion
Our study extends previous findings by showing that COPD patients have cells expressing a full range of late differentiated, senescent or exhausted phenotypes encompassing all TCD4 and TCD8 subsets, consistent with a premature immunosenescence phenotype. Surprisingly, the smokers group’s results suggest that moderate to heavy chronic cigarette smoking did not accelerate the pace of immunosenescence as compared with the Healthy aged.
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27
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Ju YJ, Lee SW, Kye YC, Lee GW, Kim HO, Yun CH, Cho JH. Self-reactivity controls functional diversity of naive CD8 + T cells by co-opting tonic type I interferon. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6059. [PMID: 34663827 PMCID: PMC8523551 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The strength of the T cell receptor interaction with self-ligands affects antigen-specific immune responses. However, the precise function and underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that naive CD8+ T cells with relatively high self-reactivity are phenotypically heterogeneous owing to varied responses to type I interferon, resulting in three distinct subsets, CD5loLy6C-, CD5hiLy6C-, and CD5hiLy6C+ cells. CD5hiLy6C+ cells differ from CD5loLy6C- and CD5hiLy6C- cells in terms of gene expression profiles and functional properties. Moreover, CD5hiLy6C+ cells demonstrate more extensive antigen-specific expansion upon viral infection, with enhanced differentiation into terminal effector cells and reduced memory cell generation. Such features of CD5hiLy6C+ cells are imprinted in a steady-state and type I interferon dependence is observed even for monoclonal CD8+ T cell populations. These findings demonstrate that self-reactivity controls the functional diversity of naive CD8+ T cells by co-opting tonic type I interferon signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Ju
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, 58128, Korea
| | - Yoon-Chul Kye
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Gil-Woo Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, 58128, Korea
| | - Hee-Ok Kim
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, 58128, Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Jae-Ho Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Korea.
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, 58128, Korea.
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Korea.
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28
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Kwesi-Maliepaard EM, Jacobs H, van Leeuwen F. Signals for antigen-independent differentiation of memory CD8 + T cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6395-6408. [PMID: 34398252 PMCID: PMC8558200 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conventional CD8+ memory T cells develop upon stimulation with foreign antigen and provide increased protection upon re-challenge. Over the past two decades, new subsets of CD8+ T cells have been identified that acquire memory features independently of antigen exposure. These antigen-inexperienced memory T cells (TAIM) are described under several names including innate memory, virtual memory, and memory phenotype. TAIM cells exhibit characteristics of conventional or true memory cells, including antigen-specific responses. In addition, they show responsiveness to innate stimuli and have been suggested to provide additional levels of protection toward infections and cancer. Here, we discuss the current understanding of TAIM cells, focusing on extrinsic and intrinsic molecular conditions that favor their development, their molecular definitions and immunological properties, as well as their transcriptional and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred van Leeuwen
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Méndez-Lagares G, Chin N, Chang WW, Lee J, Rosás-Umbert M, Kieu HT, Merriam D, Lu W, Kim S, Adamson L, Brander C, Luciw PA, Barry PA, Hartigan-O’Connor DJ. Cytomegalovirus mediates expansion of IL-15-responsive innate-memory cells with SIV killing function. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:148542. [PMID: 34153005 PMCID: PMC8321572 DOI: 10.1172/jci148542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interindividual immune variability is driven predominantly by environmental factors, including exposure to chronic infectious agents such as cytomegalovirus (CMV). We investigated the effects of rhesus CMV (RhCMV) on composition and function of the immune system in young macaques. Within months of infection, RhCMV was associated with impressive changes in antigen presenting cells, T cells, and NK cells-and marked expansion of innate-memory CD8+ T cells. These cells express high levels of NKG2A/C and the IL-2 and IL-15 receptor beta chain, CD122. IL-15 was sufficient to drive differentiation of the cells in vitro and in vivo. Expanded NKG2A/C+CD122+CD8+ T cells in RhCMV-infected macaques, but not their NKG2-negative counterparts, were endowed with cytotoxicity against class I-deficient K562 targets and prompt IFN-γ production in response to stimulation with IL-12 and IL-18. Because RhCMV clone 68-1 forms the viral backbone of RhCMV-vectored SIV vaccines, we also investigated immune changes following administration of RhCMV 68-1-vectored SIV vaccines. These vaccines led to impressive expansion of NKG2A/C+CD8+ T cells with capacity to inhibit SIV replication ex vivo. Thus, CMV infection and CMV-vectored vaccination drive expansion of functional innate-like CD8 cells via host IL-15 production, suggesting that innate-memory expansion could be achieved by other vaccine platforms expressing IL-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Méndez-Lagares
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Ning Chin
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - W.L. William Chang
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Graduate Group in Immunology, and
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Hung T. Kieu
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - David Merriam
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Wenze Lu
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lourdes Adamson
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa - AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul A. Luciw
- California National Primate Research Center
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Peter A. Barry
- California National Primate Research Center
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Dennis J. Hartigan-O’Connor
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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30
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Dong M, Mallet Gauthier È, Fournier M, Melichar HJ. Developing the right tools for the job: Lin28 regulation of early life T-cell development and function. FEBS J 2021; 289:4416-4429. [PMID: 34077615 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T cells comprise a functionally heterogeneous cell population that has important roles in the immune system. While T cells are broadly considered to be a component of the antigen-specific adaptive immune response, certain T-cell subsets display innate-like effector characteristics whereas others perform immunosuppressive functions. These functionally diverse T-cell populations preferentially arise at different stages of ontogeny and are tailored to the immunological priorities of the organism over time. Many differences in early life versus adult T-cell phenotypes can be attributed to the cell-intrinsic properties of the distinct progenitors that seed the thymus throughout development. It is becoming clear that Lin28, an evolutionarily conserved, heterochronic RNA-binding protein that is differentially expressed among early life and adult hematopoietic progenitor cells, plays a substantial role in influencing early T-cell development and function. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which Lin28 shapes the T-cell landscape to protect the developing fetus and newborn. Manipulation of the Lin28 gene regulatory network is being considered as one means of improving hematopoietic stem cell transplant outcomes; as such, understanding the impact of Lin28 on T-cell function is of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Dong
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ève Mallet Gauthier
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marilaine Fournier
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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31
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Moudra A, Niederlova V, Novotny J, Schmiedova L, Kubovciak J, Matejkova T, Drobek A, Pribikova M, Stopkova R, Cizkova D, Neuwirth A, Michalik J, Krizova K, Hudcovic T, Kolar M, Kozakova H, Kreisinger J, Stopka P, Stepanek O. Phenotypic and Clonal Stability of Antigen-Inexperienced Memory-like T Cells across the Genetic Background, Hygienic Status, and Aging. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2109-2121. [PMID: 33858960 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ag-inexperienced memory-like T (AIMT) cells are functionally unique T cells, representing one of the two largest subsets of murine CD8+ T cells. However, differences between laboratory inbred strains, insufficient data from germ-free mice, a complete lack of data from feral mice, and an unclear relationship between AIMT cells formation during aging represent major barriers for better understanding of their biology. We performed a thorough characterization of AIMT cells from mice of different genetic background, age, and hygienic status by flow cytometry and multiomics approaches, including analyses of gene expression, TCR repertoire, and microbial colonization. Our data showed that AIMT cells are steadily present in mice, independent of their genetic background and hygienic status. Despite differences in their gene expression profiles, young and aged AIMT cells originate from identical clones. We identified that CD122 discriminates two major subsets of AIMT cells in a strain-independent manner. Whereas thymic CD122LOW AIMT cells (innate memory) prevail only in young animals with high thymic IL-4 production, peripheral CD122HIGH AIMT cells (virtual memory) dominate in aged mice. Cohousing with feral mice changed the bacterial colonization of laboratory strains but had only minimal effects on the CD8+ T cell compartment, including AIMT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Moudra
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Niederlova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Schmiedova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubovciak
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Matejkova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Drobek
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Pribikova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Immunity & Cell Communication, First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Stopkova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Cizkova
- Research Facility Studenec, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Neuwirth
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Michalik
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Krizova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Hudcovic
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; and
| | - Michal Kolar
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kozakova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; and
| | - Jakub Kreisinger
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Stopka
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Stepanek
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; .,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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32
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Goplen NP, Cheon IS, Sun J. Age-Related Dynamics of Lung-Resident Memory CD8 + T Cells in the Age of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636118. [PMID: 33854506 PMCID: PMC8039372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following respiratory viral infections or local immunizations, lung resident-memory T cells (TRM) of the CD8 lineage provide protection against the same pathogen or related pathogens with cross-reactive T cell epitopes. Yet, it is now clear that, if homeostatic controls are lost following viral pneumonia, CD8 TRM cells can mediate pulmonary pathology. We recently showed that the aging process can result in loss of homeostatic controls on CD8 TRM cells in the respiratory tract. This may be germane to treatment modalities in both influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, particularly, the portion that present with symptoms linked to long-lasting lung dysfunction. Here, we review the developmental cues and functionalities of CD8 TRM cells in viral pneumonia models with a particular focus on their capacity to mediate heterogeneous responses of immunity and pathology depending on immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick P Goplen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - In Su Cheon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,The Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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33
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Zhang C, Hu W, Jin JH, Zhou MJ, Song JW, Deng JN, Huang L, Wang SY, Wang FS. The role of CD8 T cells in controlling HIV beyond the antigen-specific face. HIV Med 2020; 21:692-700. [PMID: 33369032 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding the determinants of HIV immune control is important for seeking viable HIV prevention, treatment and curative strategies. The antigen-specific roles of CD8 T cells in controlling primary HIV infection have been well documented, but their abilities to control the latent HIV reservoir is less well studied. METHODS The scientific literature on this issue was searched on PubMed. RESULTS Recent reports have demonstrated that CD8 T cells are also involved in the control of viral replication in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, based on accumulating evidence, the antiviral role of CD8 T cells in ART patients may not be achieved via an antigen-specific manner as HIV-specific CD8 T cells can sense, but not effectively eliminate, cells harbouring intact provirus without first being activated. Our recent study indicated that virtual memory CD8 T cells, a semi-differentiated component of CD8 T cells, may be involved in the mechanism restraining the HIV DNA reservoir in ART patients. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we summarize recent findings on the role of CD8 T cells in controlling HIV, highlighting differences between conventional antigen-specific and innate-like CD8 T cells. A better understanding of the roles of CD8 T cells during HIV infection should benefit the informed design of immune-based treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - W Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - J H Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - M J Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - J W Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - J N Deng
- Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - L Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - S Y Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - F S Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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34
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Goplen NP, Wu Y, Son YM, Li C, Wang Z, Cheon IS, Jiang L, Zhu B, Ayasoufi K, Chini EN, Johnson AJ, Vassallo R, Limper AH, Zhang N, Sun J. Tissue-resident CD8 + T cells drive age-associated chronic lung sequelae after viral pneumonia. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/53/eabc4557. [PMID: 33158975 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abc4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lower respiratory viral infections, such as influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections, often cause severe viral pneumonia in aged individuals. Here, we report that influenza viral pneumonia leads to chronic nonresolving lung pathology and exacerbated accumulation of CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) in the respiratory tract of aged hosts. TRM cell accumulation relies on elevated TGF-β present in aged tissues. Further, we show that TRM cells isolated from aged lungs lack a subpopulation characterized by expression of molecules involved in TCR signaling and effector function. Consequently, TRM cells from aged lungs were insufficient to provide heterologous protective immunity. The depletion of CD8+ TRM cells dampens persistent chronic lung inflammation and ameliorates tissue fibrosis in aged, but not young, animals. Collectively, our data demonstrate that age-associated TRM cell malfunction supports chronic lung inflammatory and fibrotic sequelae after viral pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick P Goplen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,The Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Young Min Son
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chaofan Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - In Su Cheon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Li Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bibo Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Eduardo N Chini
- The Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Robert Vassallo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andrew H Limper
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nu Zhang
- Long School of Medicine, Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. .,The Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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35
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Thiele D, La Gruta NL, Nguyen A, Hussain T. Hiding in Plain Sight: Virtually Unrecognizable Memory Phenotype CD8 + T cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228626. [PMID: 33207648 PMCID: PMC7698292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtual memory T (TVM) cells are a recently described population of conventional CD8+ T cells that, in spite of their antigen inexperience, express markers of T cell activation. TVM cells exhibit rapid responsiveness to both antigen-specific and innate stimuli in youth but acquire intrinsic antigen-specific response defects in the elderly. In this article, we review how the identification of TVM cells necessitates a re-evaluation of accepted paradigms for conventional memory T (TMEM) cells, the potential for heterogeneity within the TVM population, and the defining characteristics of TVM cells. Further, we highlight recent literature documenting the development of TVM cells as a distinct CD8+ T cell lineage as well their biological significance in the context of disease.
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36
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Fulop T, Larbi A, Hirokawa K, Cohen AA, Witkowski JM. Immunosenescence is both functional/adaptive and dysfunctional/maladaptive. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:521-536. [PMID: 32930852 PMCID: PMC7490574 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the immune system with aging are considered to underlie many age-related diseases. However, many elderly individuals remain healthy until even a very advanced age. There is also an increase in numbers of centenarians and their apparent fitness. We should therefore change our unilaterally detrimental consideration of age-related immune changes. Recent data taking into consideration the immunobiography concept may allow for meaningful distinctions among various aging trajectories. This implies that the aging immune system has a homeodynamic characteristic balanced between adaptive and maladaptive aspects. The survival and health of an individual depends from the equilibrium of this balance. In this article, we highlight which parts of the aging of the immune system may be considered adaptive in contrast to those that may be maladaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fulop
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.
- Research Center on Aging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - A Larbi
- Biology of Aging Program and Immunomonitoring Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - K Hirokawa
- Institute of Health and Life Science, Tokyo and Nito-memory Nakanosogo Hospital, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Med. Dent. University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A A Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - J M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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37
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Kwesi-Maliepaard EM, Aslam MA, Alemdehy MF, van den Brand T, McLean C, Vlaming H, van Welsem T, Korthout T, Lancini C, Hendriks S, Ahrends T, van Dinther D, den Haan JMM, Borst J, de Wit E, van Leeuwen F, Jacobs H. The histone methyltransferase DOT1L prevents antigen-independent differentiation and safeguards epigenetic identity of CD8 + T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20706-20716. [PMID: 32764145 PMCID: PMC7456197 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920372117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T cell differentiation is guided by epigenome adaptations, but how epigenetic mechanisms control lymphocyte development has not been well defined. Here we show that the histone methyltransferase DOT1L, which marks the nucleosome core on active genes, safeguards normal differentiation of CD8+ T cells. T cell-specific ablation of Dot1L resulted in loss of naïve CD8+ T cells and premature differentiation toward a memory-like state, independent of antigen exposure and in a cell-intrinsic manner. Mechanistically, DOT1L controlled CD8+ T cell differentiation by ensuring normal T cell receptor density and signaling. DOT1L also maintained epigenetic identity, in part by indirectly supporting the repression of developmentally regulated genes. Finally, deletion of Dot1L in T cells resulted in an impaired immune response. Through our study, DOT1L is emerging as a central player in physiology of CD8+ T cells, acting as a barrier to prevent premature differentiation and controlling epigenetic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Assad Aslam
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mir Farshid Alemdehy
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun van den Brand
- Division of Gene Regulation, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chelsea McLean
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Vlaming
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor van Welsem
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessy Korthout
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cesare Lancini
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Hendriks
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Ahrends
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dieke van Dinther
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joke M M den Haan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jannie Borst
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elzo de Wit
- Division of Gene Regulation, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred van Leeuwen
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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38
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Davenport MP, Smith NL, Rudd BD. Building a T cell compartment: how immune cell development shapes function. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:499-506. [PMID: 32493982 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We are just beginning to understand the diversity of the peripheral T cell compartment, which arises from the specialization of different T cell subsets and the plasticity of individual naive T cells to adopt different fates. Although the progeny of a single T cell can differentiate into many phenotypes following infection, individual T cells are biased towards particular phenotypes. These biases are typically ascribed to random factors that occur during and after antigenic stimulation. However, the T cell compartment does not remain static with age, and shifting immune challenges during ontogeny give rise to T cells with distinct functional properties. Here, we argue that the developmental history of naive T cells creates a 'hidden layer' of diversity that persists into adulthood. Insight into this diversity can provide a new perspective on immunity and immunotherapy across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles P Davenport
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Norah L Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Brian D Rudd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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39
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Jin JH, Huang HH, Zhou MJ, Li J, Hu W, Huang L, Xu Z, Tu B, Yang G, Shi M, Jiao YM, Fan X, Song JW, Zhang JY, Zhang C, Wang FS. Virtual memory CD8+ T cells restrain the viral reservoir in HIV-1-infected patients with antiretroviral therapy through derepressing KIR-mediated inhibition. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:1257-1265. [PMID: 32210395 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The viral reservoir is the major hurdle in developing and establishing an HIV cure. Understanding factors affecting the size and decay of this reservoir is crucial for the development of therapeutic strategies. Recent work highlighted that CD8+ T cells are involved in the control of viral replication in ART-treated HIV-1-infected individuals, but how CD8+ T cells sense and restrict the HIV reservoir are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that a population of unconventional CD45RA+, PanKIR+, and/or NKG2A+ virtual memory CD8+ T cells (TVM cells), which confer rapid and robust protective immunity against pathogens, plays an important role in restraining the HIV DNA reservoir in HIV-1-infected patients with effective ART. In patients undergoing ART, TVM cells negatively correlate with HIV DNA and positively correlate with circulating IFN-α2 and IL-15. Moreover, TVM cells constitutively express high levels of cytotoxic granule components, including granzyme B, perforin and granulysin, and demonstrate the capability to control HIV replication through both cytolytic and noncytolytic mechanisms. Furthermore, by using an ex vivo system, we showed that HIV reactivation is effectively suppressed by TVM cells through KIR-mediated recognition. This study suggests that TVM cells are a promising target to predict posttreatment virological control and to design immune-based interventions to reduce the reservoir size in ART-treated HIV-1-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Hua Jin
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China.,Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Huang Huang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Ju Zhou
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Tu
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China.,Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China. .,Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
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40
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Vandamme C, Xicluna R, Hesnard L, Devaux M, Jaulin N, Guilbaud M, Le Duff J, Couzinié C, Moullier P, Saulquin X, Adjali O. Tetramer-Based Enrichment of Preexisting Anti-AAV8 CD8 + T Cells in Human Donors Allows the Detection of a T EMRA Subpopulation. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3110. [PMID: 32038634 PMCID: PMC6990124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-existing immunity to AAV capsid may compromise the safety and efficiency of rAAV-mediated gene transfer in patients. Anti-capsid cytotoxic immune responses have proven to be a challenge to characterize because of the scarcity of circulating AAV-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes which can seldom be detected with conventional flow cytometry or ELISpot assays. Here, we used fluorescent MHC class I tetramers combined with magnetic enrichment to detect and phenotype AAV8-specific CD8+ T cells in human PBMCs without prior amplification. We showed that all healthy individuals tested carried a pool of AAV8-specific CD8+ T cells with a CD45RA+ CCR7- terminally-differentiated effector memory cell (TEMRA) fraction. Ex vivo frequencies of total AAV-specific CD8+ T cells were not predictive of IFNγ ELISpot responses but interestingly we evidenced a correlation between the proportion of TEMRA cells and IFNγ ELISpot positive responses. TEMRA cells may then play a role in recombinant AAV-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with preexisting immunity. Overall, our results encourage the development of new methods combining increased detection sensitivity of AAV-specific T cells and their poly-functional assessment to better characterize and monitor AAV capsid-specific cellular immune responses in the perspective of rAAV-mediated clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vandamme
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Rebecca Xicluna
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Leslie Hesnard
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Devaux
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Jaulin
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mickaël Guilbaud
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Johanne Le Duff
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Célia Couzinié
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Moullier
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Saulquin
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Oumeya Adjali
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna R Kirman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kylie M Quinn
- RMIT University School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Monash University Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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