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Yang CY, Shih YH, Lung CC. The association between COVID-19 vaccine/infection and new-onset asthma in children - based on the global TriNetX database. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02329-3. [PMID: 38904891 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of its potential long-term health effects, including its link to new-onset asthma in children. Asthma significantly impacts children's health, causing adverse outcomes and increased absenteeism. Emerging evidence suggests a potential association between COVID-19 infection and higher rates of new-onset asthma in adults, raising concerns about its impact on children's respiratory health. METHODS A retrospective cohort study design was employed, using electronic medical records from the TriNetX database, covering January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022. Two cohorts of children aged 5 to 18 who underwent SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing were analyzed: unvaccinated children with and without COVID-19 infection, and vaccinated children with and without infection. Propensity score matching was used to mitigate selection bias, and hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI were calculated to assess the risk of new-onset asthma. RESULTS Our study found a significantly higher incidence of new-onset asthma in COVID-19 infected children compared to uninfected children, regardless of vaccination status. In Cohort 1, 4.7% of COVID-19 infected children without vaccination developed new-onset asthma, versus 2.0% in their non-COVID-19 counterparts within a year (HR = 2.26; 95% CI = 2.158-2.367). For Cohort 2, COVID-19 infected children with vaccination showed an 8.3% incidence of new-onset asthma, higher than the 3.1% in those not infected (HR = 2.745; 95% CI = 2.521-2.99). Subgroup analyses further identified higher risks in males, children aged 5-12 years, and Black or African American children. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of these findings. CONCLUSION The study highlights a strong link between COVID-19 infection and an increased risk of new-onset asthma in children, which is even more marked in those vaccinated. This emphasizes the critical need for ongoing monitoring and customized healthcare strategies to mitigate the long-term respiratory impacts of COVID-19 in children, advocating for thorough strategies to manage and prevent asthma amidst the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Yu Yang
- Department of Occupational Health Nursing Center, Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N.Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Shih
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N.Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Lung
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N.Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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2
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Oh J, Lee M, Kim M, Kim HJ, Lee SW, Rhee SY, Koyanagi A, Smith L, Kim MS, Lee H, Lee J, Yon DK. Incident allergic diseases in post-COVID-19 condition: multinational cohort studies from South Korea, Japan and the UK. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2830. [PMID: 38565542 PMCID: PMC10987608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47176-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
As mounting evidence suggests a higher incidence of adverse consequences, such as disruption of the immune system, among patients with a history of COVID-19, we aimed to investigate post-COVID-19 conditions on a comprehensive set of allergic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy. We used nationwide claims-based cohorts in South Korea (K-CoV-N; n = 836,164; main cohort) and Japan (JMDC; n = 2,541,021; replication cohort A) and the UK Biobank cohort (UKB; n = 325,843; replication cohort B) after 1:5 propensity score matching. Among the 836,164 individuals in the main cohort (mean age, 50.25 years [SD, 13.86]; 372,914 [44.6%] women), 147,824 were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the follow-up period (2020-2021). The risk of developing allergic diseases, beyond the first 30 days of diagnosis of COVID-19, significantly increased (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.13-1.27), notably in asthma (HR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.80-2.83) and allergic rhinitis (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.15-1.32). This risk gradually decreased over time, but it persisted throughout the follow-up period (≥6 months). In addition, the risk increased with increasing severity of COVID-19. Notably, COVID-19 vaccination of at least two doses had a protective effect against subsequent allergic diseases (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68-0.96). Similar findings were reported in the replication cohorts A and B. Although the potential for misclassification of pre-existing allergic conditions as incident diseases remains a limitation, ethnic diversity for evidence of incident allergic diseases in post-COVID-19 condition has been validated by utilizing multinational and independent population-based cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Oh
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeongcheol Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hayeon Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea.
| | - Jinseok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea.
- Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea.
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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3
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Wypych-Ślusarska A, Krupa-Kotara K, Oleksiuk K, Głogowska-Ligus J, Słowiński J, Niewiadomska E. Socioeconomic and Health Determinants of the Prevalence of COVID-19 in a Population of Children with Respiratory Diseases and Symptoms. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:88. [PMID: 38255401 PMCID: PMC10814875 DOI: 10.3390/children11010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most epidemiological studies indicate that bronchial asthma is not a risk factor for COVID-19, but previous analyses have not additionally focused on the socioeconomic determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with asthma, bronchitis, and respiratory symptoms. AIMS This research aimed to investigate the correlation between the socioeconomic status of families and the prevalence of respiratory conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, and respiratory symptoms in children, in addition to exploring their association with the prevalence of COVID-19. The study involved a cross-sectional epidemiological investigation conducted in 2022, encompassing 2454 students from elementary schools in Poland. The parents of the students completed a questionnaire modeled after the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Socioeconomic status (SES) indicators were determined based on parental education, self-reported economic status, and housing conditions. To assess the impact of social factors and health on the occurrence of COVID-19, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. The findings revealed several COVID-19 risk factors, including higher maternal (OR 2.2; 95%CI: 1.3-3.0) and paternal education (OR 1.9; 95%CI: 1.3-2.4), urban residence (OR 1.7; 95%CI: 1.3-2.1), the presence of mold in residences (OR 1.7; 95%CI: 1.0-2.3), bronchitis (OR 1.5; 95%CI: 1.2-2.0), and chronic cough (OR 1.8; 95%CI: 1.3-2.4). Further analysis, stratifying children based on their baseline health status (i.e., presence or absence of asthma, bronchitis, and chronic cough), indicated that higher parental education increased the risk of COVID-19 solely for children without pre-existing conditions. The occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infections was found to be notably associated with mold exposure in children who did not have bronchial asthma. Rigorous multivariate analyses substantiated the collective impact of factors such as residential environment, the existence of mold and moisture, and a history of bronchitis. This study's conclusions highlight a higher frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infections in cases where bronchitis had been diagnosed previously and chronic cough was prevalent. Interestingly, the initially hypothesized higher prevalence of COVID-19 among children with bronchial asthma did not receive confirmation in our findings. This study highlights the importance of urban residence, exposure to mold or dampness, and higher parental education in the incidence of COVID-19. Higher parental education was a significant factor in increasing the risk of COVID-19 among children without bronchitis, chronic cough, and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Wypych-Ślusarska
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Katowice, Poland; (A.W.-Ś.); (K.O.); (J.G.-L.); (J.S.)
| | - Karolina Krupa-Kotara
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Oleksiuk
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Katowice, Poland; (A.W.-Ś.); (K.O.); (J.G.-L.); (J.S.)
| | - Joanna Głogowska-Ligus
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Katowice, Poland; (A.W.-Ś.); (K.O.); (J.G.-L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jerzy Słowiński
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Katowice, Poland; (A.W.-Ś.); (K.O.); (J.G.-L.); (J.S.)
| | - Ewa Niewiadomska
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Katowice, Poland;
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Ju DU, Park D, Kim IH, Kim S, Yoo HM. Development of Human Rhinovirus RNA Reference Material Using Digital PCR. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2210. [PMID: 38137032 PMCID: PMC10742479 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human rhinovirus (RV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus that causes respiratory tract diseases affecting both the upper and lower halves of the respiratory system. RV enhances its replication by concentrating RNA synthesis within a modified host membrane in an intracellular compartment. RV infections often occur alongside infections caused by other respiratory viruses, and the RV virus may remain asymptomatic for extended periods. Alongside qualitative detection, it is essential to accurately quantify RV RNA from clinical samples to explore the relationships between RV viral load, infections caused by the virus, and the resulting symptoms observed in patients. A reference material (RM) is required for quality evaluation, the performance evaluation of molecular diagnostic products, and evaluation of antiviral agents in the laboratory. The preparation process for the RM involves creating an RV RNA mixture by combining RV viral RNA with RNA storage solution and matrix. The resulting RV RNA mixture is scaled up to a volume of 25 mL, then dispensed at 100 µL per vial and stored at -80 °C. The process of measuring the stability and homogeneity of RV RMs was conducted by employing reverse transcription droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR). Digital PCR is useful for the analysis of standards and can help to improve measurement compatibility: it represents the equivalence of a series of outcomes for reference materials and samples being analyzed when a few measurement procedures are employed, enabling objective comparisons between quantitative findings obtained through various experiments. The number of copies value represents a measured result of approximately 1.6 × 105 copies/μL. The RM has about an 11% bottle-to-bottle homogeneity and shows stable results for 1 week at temperatures of 4 °C and -20 °C and for 12 months at a temperature of -80 °C. The developed RM can enhance the dependability of RV molecular tests by providing a precise reference value for the absolute copy number of a viral target gene. Additionally, it can serve as a reference for diverse studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong U Ju
- Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongju Park
- Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hwan Kim
- Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seil Kim
- Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Precision Measurement, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Precision Measurement, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Romero-Tapia SDJ, Guzmán Priego CG, Del-Río-Navarro BE, Sánchez-Solis M. Advances in the Relationship between Respiratory Viruses and Asthma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5501. [PMID: 37685567 PMCID: PMC10488270 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported that viral infection is closely associated with the onset, progression, and exacerbation of asthma. The purpose of this review is to summarize the role that viral infections have in the pathogenesis of asthma onset and exacerbations, as well as discuss interrelated protective and risk factors of asthma and current treatment options. Furthermore, we present current knowledge of the innate immunological pathways driving host defense, including changes in the epithelial barrier. In addition, we highlight the importance of the genetics and epigenetics of asthma and virus susceptibility. Moreover, the involvement of virus etiology from bronchiolitis and childhood wheezing to asthma is described. The characterization and mechanisms of action of the respiratory viruses most frequently related to asthma are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio de Jesús Romero-Tapia
- Health Sciences Academic Division (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Crystell Guadalupe Guzmán Priego
- Cardiometabolism Laboratory, Research Center, Health Sciences Academic Division (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Tabasco, Mexico;
| | | | - Manuel Sánchez-Solis
- Paediatric Pulmonology Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Children’s Hospital, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
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Ghiglioni DG, Cozzi ETL, Castagnoli R, Bruschi G, Maffeis L, Marchisio PG, Marseglia GL, Licari A. Omalizumab may protect allergic patients against COVID-19: A systematic review. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100741. [PMID: 36644451 PMCID: PMC9826982 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Omalizumab, which downregulates the immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor site on plasmacytoid dendritic cells and thereby increases interferon-α (INF-α) production, may shorten the duration of viral infections by enhancing the antiviral immunity. A systematic review was conducted to investigate whether previous anti-IgE treatment with omalizumab could protect against SARS-CoV-2 disease ("COVID-19") (infection, disease duration, and severity), and whether IFN-α upregulation could be involved. The research included articles published from March 2020 to January 2022. An accurate search was performed on bibliographic biomedical database (MEDLINE - Pubmed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, BIOMED CENTRAL, Google scholar, COCHRANE LIBRARY, ClinicalTrial.gov) including cohorts, case reports and reviews. Different methods were used, based on the study design, to assess the quality of eligible studies. Several authors link omalizumab to a possible protection against viruses, but they often refer to studies carried out before the pandemic and with viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) (eg, rhinoviruses -RV). Few cases of COVID-19 patients treated with omalizumab have been recorded, and, in most of them, no increased susceptibility to severe disease was observed. According to these data, the current indication is to continue omalizumab therapy during the pandemic. Moreover, although omalizumab may enhance the antiviral immune response even for SARS-CoV-2, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis. It would be helpful to establish a registry of omalizumab-treated (or in treatment) patients who have developed COVID-19. Finally, randomized controlled trials could be able to demonstrate the effect of omalizumab in protecting against severe SARS-CoV-2, through IFN-α upregulation or other immunological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Giovanni Ghiglioni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, SC Pediatria Pneumoinfettivologia, Milan, Italy,Corresponding author. Via della Commenda 9, 20122, Milano
| | | | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Laura Maffeis
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, SC Pediatria Immunoinfettivologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Giovanna Marchisio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, SC Pediatria Pneumoinfettivologia, Milan, Italy,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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7
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Al-Hussain OH. Complications and Comorbidities in COVID-19 Patients: A Comparative study. Cureus 2022; 14:e28614. [PMID: 36059317 PMCID: PMC9428863 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has rapidly spread across the world at an unprecedented rate. The outbreak of COVID-19 infection has led to a significant health burden on infected patients, especially those with existing comorbidities. The aim of this study is to find the most prevalent symptoms, comorbidities, and complications developed during the course of the disease and outline the most prevalent symptoms among the baseline and clinical characteristics of the patients. Methods This is a retrospective study that was performed on the data obtained from medical records of 3999 COVID-19 patients from Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Demographic data, clinical symptoms, and comorbidities were noted on the day of hospital admission. Complications developed during the COVID -19 infection were also observed. Results The average age was 49.55 ± 14.75 years and 73.77% of the study population were male patients. The average Body Mass Index (BMI) of the patients was 29.48 ± 6.94. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms (85.85%) followed by shortness of breath (83.25%). Other reported symptoms were diarrhoea (17.43%), fatigue (16.2%), vomiting (15.38%), headache (15.23%), sore throat (9.3%), and nausea (8.5%) The most common comorbidity recorded was diabetes mellitus (DM) (39.51%), followed by hypertension (HTN) (33.91%), and asthma (9.45%). In COVID-19 patients with comorbidities, 61.90% developed complications of pneumonia, 8.73% had Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), 7.25% developed pneumonia and ARDS concurrently, while 0.4% of the total patients had septic shock. Conclusion The symptoms of fever, cough, and shortness of breath were higher in individuals with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and more prevalent in complications of pneumonia, acute respiratory illness, and septic shock.
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8
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Kim SR. Viral Infection and Airway Epithelial Immunity in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9914. [PMID: 36077310 PMCID: PMC9456547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory tract infections are associated with asthma development and exacerbation in children and adults. In the course of immune responses to viruses, airway epithelial cells are the initial platform of innate immunity against viral invasion. Patients with severe asthma are more vulnerable than those with mild to moderate asthma to viral infections. Furthermore, in most cases, asthmatic patients tend to produce lower levels of antiviral cytokines than healthy subjects, such as interferons produced from immune effector cells and airway epithelial cells. The epithelial inflammasome appears to contribute to asthma exacerbation through overactivation, leading to self-damage, despite its naturally protective role against infectious pathogens. Given the mixed and complex immune responses in viral-infection-induced asthma exacerbation, this review examines the diverse roles of airway epithelial immunity and related potential therapeutic targets and discusses the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous manifestations of asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Ri Kim
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Jeonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea
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9
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Esmaeilzadeh H, Sanaei Dashti A, Mortazavi N, Fatemian H, Vali M. Persistent cough and asthma-like symptoms post COVID-19 hospitalization in children. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:244. [PMID: 35279094 PMCID: PMC8917254 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Respiratory viruses are the main triggers of asthma. Coronavirus is shown to contribute to respiratory tract infections that can lead to prolonged cough and asthma. Objectives Present study aimed to determine the risk of developing Persistent cough and asthma-like symptoms in hospitalized children due to COVID-19. Methods This prospective study was carried out in a tertiary referral center. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 69 hospitalized pediatric patients admitted with COVID-19 were observed from February 2020 to January 2021. Clinical and laboratory data were recorded, and after discharge, patients were followed and visited for cough and asthma evaluation one, 2 and 6 months later. Patients with asthma-like diagnoses in follow up defined as asthma-like groups, and patients without any sign of asthma were categorized as the non-asthma group. Asthma-like co-morbids and risk factors were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results In follow-up, most of the COVID-19 hospitalized patients (N = 42) (58.5%) were not affected by asthma-like symptoms. 60.9% of the COVID-19 patients were male. The asthma-like group cases had a significantly familial history of asthma (63.0%), past medical history of asthma (33.3%), and Allergic rhinitis (85.2%). Rates of signs and symptoms during hospitalization were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 and past medical history of asthma. Conclusions We found an asthma-like prevalence of 41.5% in the cohort of COVID-19 hospitalized children. Family history of asthma and previous history of asthma and allergic rhinitis are risk factors for asthma-like after COVID-19 hospitalization. COVID-19 presentations are more severe in the asthma-like group.
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10
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Yale K, Nourmohammadi N, Casale F, Ghigi A, Zheng K, Mesinkovska NA. A year in review: A cross-sectional study of alopecia areata and risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality from March 2020 - February 2021. Int J Dermatol 2022; 61:e81-e83. [PMID: 35133009 PMCID: PMC9032194 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Yale
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Irvine, USA
| | - N Nourmohammadi
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Irvine, USA
| | - F Casale
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Irvine, USA
| | - A Ghigi
- University of California Irvine Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Science, Department of Informatics, Irvine, USA
| | - K Zheng
- University of California Irvine Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Science, Department of Informatics, Irvine, USA
| | - NA Mesinkovska
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Irvine, USA
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11
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Meng Z, Chen H, Deng C, Meng S. Potential cellular endocrinology mechanisms underlying the effects of Chinese herbal medicine therapy on asthma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:916328. [PMID: 36051395 PMCID: PMC9424672 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.916328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex syndrome with polygenetic tendency and multiple phenotypes, which has variable expiratory airflow limitation and respiratory symptoms that vary over time and in intensity. In recent years, continuous industrial development has seriously impacted the climate and air quality at a global scale. It has been verified that climate change can induce asthma in predisposed individuals and that atmospheric pollution can exacerbate asthma severity. At present, a subset of patients is resistant to the drug therapy for asthma. Hence, it is urgent to find new ideas for asthma prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss the prescription, composition, formulation, and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine monomer, traditional Chinese medicine monomer complex, single herbs, and traditional Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of asthma. We also discuss the effects of Chinese herbal medicine on asthma from the perspective of cellular endocrinology in the past decade, emphasizing on the roles as intracellular and extracellular messengers of three substances-hormones, substances secreted by pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, and neuroendocrine-related signaling protein-which provide the theoretical basis for clinical application and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Meng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Huize Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chujun Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxi Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shengxi Meng,
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12
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Ayaz KM, Rajkumar R, Basma AG, Emad AJ, Abdullah AH, Hajar H, Mohammad OM, Al-Jahdali H. The effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on severe asthma in patients taking biologic therapy and air pollution in Riyadh. Ann Thorac Med 2021; 16:354-360. [PMID: 34820023 PMCID: PMC8588946 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_559_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The curfews and lockdowns imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic may decreased the volume of traffic and reduced air pollution. In addition, social distancing measures may contribute to reducing infection and asthma exacerbation. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess asthma control and asthma medication use among severe asthmatics on biologics before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional survey study of patients with severe asthma receiving biologic therapy at King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We looked at the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on this cohort of severe asthmatics on biologic therapy from March till June 2020 over a period of 12 weeks. We investigated changes in patients’ symptoms and asthma control using the asthma control test (ACT) score and other parameters including emergency department visits, hospitalizations, use of oral prednisolone, changes in inhaler therapy, frequency of bronchodilator use, and patient perception of their symptoms before and after the lockdown period. RESULTS: A total of 56, Female 39 (69%), mean age ± SD 47.4 ± 13.8 years. The duration of bronchial asthma since diagnosis ranged from 4 to 30 years. Most patients had been treated with omalizumab (47, 84%); the rest received mepolizumab (7, 12.5%) and dupilumab (2, 3.6%). All these patients had been on biologic therapy for 5 months, ranging from 5 to 120 months. Most of the patients (45, 80.4%) agreed that their symptoms of asthma had improved with biologic therapy. Most of the patients felt that overall asthma symptoms are better after curfew and lockdown 28 (50%). Less use of bronchodilators postcurfew was reported in 38% of the patients. Asthma control (≥20) using ACT score was significantly higher among patients in postcurfew and lockdown period compared to precurfew period 34 (61.7%) and 23 (41%) (P = 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma control was better postcurfew and lockdown. A decrease in air pollution and social distances may be a contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Mohammad Ayaz
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajendram Rajkumar
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Division, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Al-Ghamdi Basma
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Al-Jahdaly Emad
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm AlQura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Al-Harbi Abdullah
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayyan Hajar
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaidi Mostafa Mohammad
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Division, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdan Al-Jahdali
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Morales-Romero J, Bedolla-Barajas M. Asthma is not a Risk Factor for Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Mexican Population. J Asthma 2021; 59:2314-2321. [PMID: 34818126 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.2010745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study aims to assess the association between asthma and severity of COVID-19 in the Mexican population.Methods. The data from a national database of confirmed patients diagnosed with COVID-19, who attended from February to June 2020, were analyzed in a retrospective cohort study. Patients with and without asthma were compared concerning hospitalization, pneumonia, endotracheal intubation, and death related to COVID-19. Other covariates (age, sex, indigenous group, and comorbidity) were included in various logistic regression models.Results. Asthma was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization (OR =0.71, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.76), lower risk of pneumonia (OR =0.75, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.81), and lower risk of endotracheal intubation (OR =0.79, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.98). In addition, asthma decreased the risk of death from COVID-19 (OR =0.73, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.82). In a subgroup analysis, the same association was observed in patients who required hospitalization (OR =0.79, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.90), while in non-hospitalized patients, associations were inconsistent according to the covariates introduced in the models. There was no association between asthma and death in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), however, asthma significantly reduced the risk of death in the hospitalized patients who did not require ICU.Conclusion. Our results suggest that patients with asthma are less likely to require hospitalization, develop pneumonia, need tracheal intubation or die from COVID-19 as compared to patients without asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martín Bedolla-Barajas
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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14
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Colaneri M, De Filippo M, Licari A, Marseglia A, Maiocchi L, Ricciardi A, Corsico A, Marseglia G, Mondelli MU, Bruno R. COVID vaccination and asthma exacerbation: might there be a link? Int J Infect Dis 2021; 112:243-246. [PMID: 34547487 PMCID: PMC8450144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is ongoing debate regarding the role of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in asthma exacerbation, and its long-term impact on the lung function of individuals with asthma. In contrast, the potential impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination on asthma is entirely unexplored. CASE STUDY This study examined a challenging case of severe asthma exacerbation in a 28-year-old female following two doses of the mRNA-based vaccine BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) at IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo in Pavia, Italy. The patient, a fourth-year resident at the hospital, was vaccinated in early 2021. She was an occasional smoker with a 10-year history of asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis. She tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 on several molecular swabs and serology tests. RESULTS After receiving the second dose of vaccine, the patient started to experience worsening of respiratory symptoms. Following several episodes and a severe asthma attack, the patient required treatment with mepolizumab, a biologic drug (interleukin-5) antagonist monoclonal antibody. CONCLUSION This single case study is insufficient to draw conclusions about the association between asthma exacerbation and the COVID-19 vaccine. While the cause-effect link between vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and worsening of asthmatic disease might only be suggested at present, this case is a valuable prompt for further investigation. This is particularly true from the perspective of mass vaccination of adolescents and children currently underway across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Colaneri
- Infectious Diseases I Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria De Filippo
- Paediatric Clinic, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Paediatric Clinic, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Marseglia
- Paediatric Clinic, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Maiocchi
- Infectious Diseases I Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ricciardi
- Infectious Diseases I Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Corsico
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Chest Medicine Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Marseglia
- Paediatric Clinic, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Umberto Mondelli
- Infectious Diseases I Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Divisions of Infectious Diseases II and Immunology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Bruno
- Infectious Diseases I Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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15
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Ren J, Pang W, Luo Y, Cheng D, Qiu K, Rao Y, Zheng Y, Dong Y, Peng J, Hu Y, Ying Z, Yu H, Zeng X, Zong Z, Liu G, Wang D, Wang G, Zhang W, Xu W, Zhao Y. Impact of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma on COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalization, and Mortality. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 10:124-133. [PMID: 34728408 PMCID: PMC8556867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background It remains unclear if patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or asthma are susceptible to corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, severity, and mortality. Objective To investigate the role of AR and/or asthma in COVID-19 infection, severity, and mortality, and assess whether long-term AR and/or asthma medications affected the outcomes of COVID-19. Methods Demographic and clinical data of 70,557 adult participants completed SARS-CoV-2 testing between March 16 and December 31, 2020, in the UK Biobank were analyzed. The rates of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality in relation to pre-existing AR and/or asthma were assessed based on adjusted generalized linear models. We further analyzed the impact of long-term AR and/or asthma medications on the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality. Results Patients with AR of all ages had lower positive rates of SARS-CoV-2 tests (relative risk [RR]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69-0.81, P < .001), with lower susceptibility in males (RR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.65-0.85, P < .001) than females (RR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.72-0.9, P < .001). However, similar effects of asthma against COVID-19 hospitalization were only major in participants aged <65 (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86-1, P = .044) instead of elderlies. In contrast, patients with asthma tested positively had higher risk of hospitalization (RR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.32-1.54, P < .001). Neither AR nor asthma had an impact on COVID-19 mortality. None of conventional medications for AR or asthma, for example, antihistamines, corticosteroids, or β2 adrenoceptor agonists, showed association with COVID-19 infection or severity. Conclusion AR (all ages) and asthma (aged <65) act as protective factors against COVID-19 infection, whereas asthma increases risk for COVID-19 hospitalization. None of the long-term medications had a significant association with infection, severity, and mortality of COVID-19 among patients with AR and/or asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Ren
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Langzhong People's Hospital, Langzhong, China
| | - Wendu Pang
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaxin Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danni Cheng
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Qiu
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufang Rao
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongbo Zheng
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijun Dong
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajia Peng
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Hu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiye Ying
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haopeng Yu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zeng
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyong Zong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deyun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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16
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Camiolo MJ, Kale SL, Oriss TB, Gauthier M, Ray A. Immune responses and exacerbations in severe asthma. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:34-42. [PMID: 33773471 PMCID: PMC8460694 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asthma as a clinical entity manifests with a broad spectrum of disease severity. Unlike milder asthma, severe disease is poorly controlled by inhaled corticosteroids, the current standard of care. Transcriptomic data, along with patient characteristics and response to biologics show that though Type 2 (T2) immune response remains an integral feature of asthma, additional molecular and immunologic factors may play important roles in pathogenesis. Mechanisms of T2 development, cellular sources of T2 cytokines and their relationship to additional immune pathways concurrently activated may distinguish several different subphenotypes, and perhaps endotypes of asthma, with differential response to non-specific and targeted anti-inflammatory therapies. Recent data have also associated non-T2 cytokines derived from T cells, particularly IFN-γ, and epithelial mediators with severe asthma. These topics and their relationships to acute asthma exacerbations are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Camiolo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sagar L Kale
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy B Oriss
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marc Gauthier
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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17
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Navalpakam A, Secord E, Pansare M. The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Pediatric Asthma in the United States. Pediatr Clin North Am 2021; 68:1119-1131. [PMID: 34538303 PMCID: PMC8139266 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused severe economic and health impacts in the United States, and the impact is disproportionately more in socially disadvantages areas. The available data, albeit limited in children, suggest that the initial concerns of the potential of serious impact of COVID-19 illness in children with asthma are unproven so far. The reduction in asthma morbidities is due to improved adherence, COVID-19 control measures, school closures, and decreased exposure to allergens and viral infections in children. During the pandemic, asthma guidelines were updated to guide physicians in asthma care. In the face of unprecedented time, it is important to be vigilant, adhere to treatment guidelines, and implement preventive measures to eradicate the virus and improve outcomes in children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Navalpakam
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Specialty Center, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, 4th Floor, 3950 Beaubien Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48236, USA
| | - Elizabeth Secord
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Milind Pansare
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Pediatric Specialty Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Suite # 4018, 4th Floor, 3950 Beaubien Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48236, USA.
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18
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Lombardi C, Gani F, Berti A, Comberiati P, Peroni D, Cottini M. Asthma and COVID-19: a dangerous liaison? Asthma Res Pract 2021; 7:9. [PMID: 34261543 PMCID: PMC8279806 DOI: 10.1186/s40733-021-00075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), provoked the most striking international public health crisis of our time. COVID-19 can cause a range of breathing problems, from mild to critical, with potential evolution to respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Elderly adults and those affected with chronic cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory conditions carry a higher risk of severe COVID-19. Given the global burden of asthma, there are well-founded concerns that the relationship between COVID-19 and asthma could represent a "dangerous liaison".Here we aim to review the latest evidence on the links between asthma and COVID-19 and provide reasoned answers to current concerns, such as the risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or severe COVID-19 stratified by asthmatic patients, the contribution of type-2 vs. non-type-2 asthma and asthma-COPD overlap to the risk of COVID-19 development. We also address the potential role of both standard anti-inflammatory asthma therapies and new biological agents for severe asthma, such as mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab, on the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Lombardi
- Departmental Unit of Allergology, Immunology & Pulmonary Diseases, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy.
- Departmental Unit of Pneumology & Allergology, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Via Bissolati, 57, 25100, Brescia, Italy.
| | | | - Alvise Berti
- Ospedale Santa Chiara and Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diego Peroni
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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19
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is well established in international literature that respiratory viruses can trigger asthma exacerbations. However, not all viruses affect patients in the same manner and extent. The pandemic of the SARS CoV-2 virus has brought interest to study the association of this novel virus on patients with mild-moderate and severe asthma in terms of susceptibility, severity and treatment. DATA SOURCES – STUDY SELECTION We performed an extensive search of current literature in the databases PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar for original articles. We decided to include all types of articles, except for case studies, published until the end of February 2021 focusing on the effects of COVID-19 on the respiratory system and the main treatment recommendations up to date for patients with bronchial asthma. RESULTS Until now there is no clear evidence that asthmatics have a higher risk of experiencing exacerbations when infected, nor higher mortality rates than the general population. Nevertheless, our knowledge on molecular pathways behind asthma phenotypes in the past decades is growing, and it underlines the need to predict the unique response each patient may have to infection from the novel coronavirus. It is not clear yet if certain sub-populations of asthmatics are at higher risk than others. CONCLUSION Despite the lack of evidence for higher susceptibility and/or mortality in relation to COVID-19, all asthmatic patients, whether treated with inhaled bronchodilators/corticosteroids or even biologics, should maintain their controller therapy without making any alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agamemnon Bakakos
- School of Health Sciences, 1st University Department Of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Krompa
- School of Health Sciences, 1st University Department Of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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20
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Musdja MY. Potential bangle ( Zingiber montanum J.König) rhizome extract as a supplement to prevent and reduce symptoms of Covid-19. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2245-2253. [PMID: 33519275 PMCID: PMC7832787 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality rates due to Covid-19 are increasing day by day, to overcome this, we urgently need a better treatment strategy, therefore various ways and strategies for this must be pursued. The purpose of the present review is to explain that the rhizome of bangle (Zingiber montanum) has great potential to increase antibodies and reduce symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which also seems suitable for treating Covid-19. Method: This review is looking for the results of scientific research from various sources, regarding the efficacy of bangle (Zingiber montanum) rhizome which is strongly suspected to be able to prevent, and reduce the symptoms that occur in COVID-19. The results showed that the bangle rhizome extract had activity as immunomodulatory, antiviral and reduced symptoms such as what happened in COVID-19. Conclusion: Bangle rhizome extract has dozens of nutritious substances and has multifunctional activities, and it can be postulated that among the benefits of bangle rhizome extract it is able to prevent and reduce symptoms that occur in Covid-19, and preclinical studies and clinical studies are needed to prove this postulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yanis Musdja
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, State Islamic University, Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia
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21
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Menzella F, Ghidoni G, Galeone C, Capobelli S, Scelfo C, Facciolongo NC. Immunological Aspects Related to Viral Infections in Severe Asthma and the Role of Omalizumab. Biomedicines 2021; 9:348. [PMID: 33808197 PMCID: PMC8066139 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory infections are recognized risk factors for the loss of control of allergic asthma and the induction of exacerbations, both in adults and children. Severe asthma is more susceptible to virus-induced asthma exacerbations, especially in the presence of high IgE levels. In the course of immune responses to viruses, an initial activation of innate immunity typically occurs and the production of type I and III interferons is essential in the control of viral spread. However, the Th2 inflammatory environment still appears to be protective against viral infections in general and in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections as well. As for now, literature data, although extremely limited and preliminary, show that severe asthma patients treated with biologics don't have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or progression to severe forms compared to the non-asthmatic population. Omalizumab, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, exerts a profound cellular effect, which can stabilize the effector cells, and is becoming much more efficient from the point of view of innate immunity in contrasting respiratory viral infections. In addition to the antiviral effect, clinical efficacy and safety of this biological allow a great improvement in the management of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Menzella
- Pneumology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (G.G.); (C.G.); (S.C.); (C.S.); (N.C.F.)
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22
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Bubbico L, Mastrangelo G, Larese-Filon F, Basso P, Rigoli R, Maurelli M, Ferlito S, Capelli M, Gisabella C, Javanbakht M, Bellizzi S, Cegolon L. Community Use of Face Masks against the Spread of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063214. [PMID: 33808861 PMCID: PMC8003592 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of face masks to prevent and control COVID-19 is critical, especially since asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infected individuals can shed high loads of SARS-CoV-2 in the surrounding environment. In addition to being a two-way barrier to protect against virions droplets both in terms of "source control" (for the benefits of the community) and "physical protection" (for wearer), face masks also allow maintaining physiological temperatures and humidity of the nasal cavity and mouth, independently from the external environmental conditions. Beyond compromising the viral transmission speed, exposure to cold environments could have a detrimental effect on the host's susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. The innate human immune system becomes in fact weaker with cooler nose temperatures and thus more vulnerable to viral replication. Furthermore, there is evidence that warm, humid climates are associated with reduced spread of SARS-CoV-2, while cold dry conditions favor its stability and transmissibility. In the early stage of a viral infection, a physiological body temperature in the upper airways supports the innate immune system, endorsing the muco-ciliary clearance, inhibiting, or deactivating any first settlement of viruses. Face masks are therefore strongly recommended also outdoors, especially under cold weather conditions, not only as a physical barrier against the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but also to prevent the rapid cooling of the nasal mucosa and the inhibition of the human innate defense of the upper airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Bubbico
- Sensori-Neural Disabilities Research Unit, INAPP, 00198 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Mastrangelo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences & Public Health, Padua University, 35122 Padua, Italy;
| | - Francesca Larese-Filon
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (F.L.-F.); (P.B.)
| | - Paolo Basso
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (F.L.-F.); (P.B.)
| | - Roberto Rigoli
- Microbiology Unit, Ca’ Foncello Hospital, Local Health Unit N.2 ‘Marca Trevigiana”, 31100 Treviso, Italy;
| | - Martina Maurelli
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Ferlito
- Department of Surgical Medical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Marco Capelli
- Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) Department, CDI—Italian Diagnostic Centre, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Claudio Gisabella
- Public Health Department, Local Health Unit N.2 “Marca Trevigiana”, 31100 Treviso, Italy;
| | - Mohammad Javanbakht
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran;
| | - Saverio Bellizzi
- Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health, World Health Organization, 1200 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Luca Cegolon
- Public Health Department, Local Health Unit N.2 “Marca Trevigiana”, 31100 Treviso, Italy;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-0422-323757
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23
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Bouazza B, Ramdani I, Chahed R. Chloroquine and COVID-19: role as a bitter taste receptor agonist? New Microbes New Infect 2021; 40:100843. [PMID: 33520251 PMCID: PMC7830265 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a world public health emergency caused by the new coronavirus, SARSCoV-2. Many drugs were repurposed as a treatment for COVID-19 patients including Chloroquine (CQ). CQ is a bitter taste receptor agonist reported to relax the airways suggesting a role in preventing disease severity of COVID-19 patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Bouazza
- Biochemistry and Microbiology Department, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - I. Ramdani
- Biochemistry and Microbiology Department, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - R. Chahed
- Cabinet Médical Privé, Spécialité de Pneumologie, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
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24
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Aghbash PS, Hemmat N, Nahand JS, Shamekh A, Memar MY, Babaei A, Baghi HB. The role of Th17 cells in viral infections. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107331. [PMID: 33418239 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present review provides an overview of recent advances regarding the function of Th17 cells and their produced cytokines in the progression of viral diseases. Viral infections alone do not lead to virus-induced malignancies, as both genetic and host safety factors are also involved in the occurrence of malignancies. Acquired immune responses, through the differentiation of Th17 cells, form the novel components of the Th17 cell pathway when reacting with viral infections all the way from the beginning to its final stages. As a result, instead of inducing the right immune responses, these events lead to the suppression of the immune system. In fact, the responses from Th17 cells during persistent viral infections causes chronic inflammation through the production of IL-17 and other cytokines which provide a favorable environment for tumor growth and its development. Additionally, during the past decade, these cells have been understood to be involved in tumor progression and metastasis. However, further research is required to understand Th17 cells' immune mechanisms in the vast variety of viral diseases. This review aims to determine the roles and effects of the immune system, especially Th17 cells, in the progression of viral diseases; which can be highly beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shiri Aghbash
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 14155 Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 14155 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shamekh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abouzar Babaei
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, ZIP Code 14155 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran.
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25
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Perryman M, Milling S. A retrospective view of 2020: A unique year for Immunology. Immunology 2020; 162:1-2. [PMID: 33305861 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
2020 was a year unlike any other for Immunology. Through the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with fantastic support from the global immunology community, we worked together to reach new heights. Here, we look back at some of the highlights for Immunology in a challenging and memorable year.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Milling
- Institute of Immunity, Infection, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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