1
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Lê-Bury P, Echenique-Rivera H, Pizarro-Cerdá J, Dussurget O. Determinants of bacterial survival and proliferation in blood. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae013. [PMID: 38734892 PMCID: PMC11163986 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infection is a major public health concern associated with high mortality and high healthcare costs worldwide. Bacteremia can trigger fatal sepsis whose prevention, diagnosis, and management have been recognized as a global health priority by the World Health Organization. Additionally, infection control is increasingly threatened by antimicrobial resistance, which is the focus of global action plans in the framework of a One Health response. In-depth knowledge of the infection process is needed to develop efficient preventive and therapeutic measures. The pathogenesis of bloodstream infection is a dynamic process resulting from the invasion of the vascular system by bacteria, which finely regulate their metabolic pathways and virulence factors to overcome the blood immune defenses and proliferate. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of determinants of bacterial survival and proliferation in the bloodstream and discuss their interactions with the molecular and cellular components of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lê-Bury
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), 18 route du Panorama, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Hebert Echenique-Rivera
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Plague FRA-146, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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2
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González-Del-Barrio L, Pérez-Alós L, Cyranka L, Rosbjerg A, Nagy S, Prohászka Z, Garred P, Bayarri-Olmos R. MAP-2:CD55 chimeric construct effectively modulates complement activation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23256. [PMID: 37823685 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300571r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a complex, tightly regulated protein cascade involved in pathogen defense and the pathogenesis of several diseases. Thus, the development of complement modulators has risen as a potential treatment for complement-driven inflammatory pathologies. The enzymatically inactive MAP-2 has been reported to inhibit the lectin pathway by competing with its homologous serine protease MASP-2. The membrane-bound complement inhibitor CD55 acts on the C3/C5 convertase level. Here, we fused MAP-2 to the four N-terminal domains of CD55 generating a targeted chimeric inhibitor to modulate complement activation at two different levels of the complement cascade. Its biological properties were compared in vitro with the parent molecules. While MAP-2 and CD55 alone showed a minor inhibition of the three complement pathways when co-incubated with serum (IC50MAP-2+CD55 1-4 = 60.98, 36.10, and 97.01 nM on the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways, respectively), MAP-2:CD551-4 demonstrated a potent inhibitory activity (IC50MAP-2:CD55 1-4 = 2.94, 1.76, and 12.86 nM, respectively). This inhibitory activity was substantially enhanced when pre-complexes were formed with the lectin pathway recognition molecule mannose-binding lectin (IC50MAP-2:CD55 1-4 = 0.14 nM). MAP-2:CD551-4 was also effective at protecting sensitized sheep erythrocytes in a classical hemolytic assay (CH50 = 13.35 nM). Finally, the chimeric inhibitor reduced neutrophil activation in full blood after stimulation with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia, as well as phagocytosis of conidia by isolated activated neutrophils. Our results demonstrate that MAP-2:CD551-4 is a potent complement inhibitor reinforcing the idea that engineered fusion proteins are a promising design strategy for identifying and developing drug candidates to treat complement-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia González-Del-Barrio
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leon Cyranka
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Simon Nagy
- Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, and MTA-SE Research Group of Immunology and Hematology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, and MTA-SE Research Group of Immunology and Hematology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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3
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Lorentzen J, Olesen HG, Hansen AG, Thiel S, Birkelund S, Andersen CBF, Andersen GR. Trypanosoma brucei Invariant Surface gp65 Inhibits the Alternative Pathway of Complement by Accelerating C3b Degradation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:862-873. [PMID: 37466368 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosomes are known to activate the complement system on their surface, but they control the cascade in a manner such that the cascade does not progress into the terminal pathway. It was recently reported that the invariant surface glycoprotein ISG65 from Trypanosoma brucei interacts reversibly with complement C3 and its degradation products, but the molecular mechanism by which ISG65 interferes with complement activation remains unknown. In this study, we show that ISG65 does not interfere directly with the assembly or activity of the two C3 convertases. However, ISG65 acts as a potent inhibitor of C3 deposition through the alternative pathway in human and murine serum. Degradation assays demonstrate that ISG65 stimulates the C3b to iC3b converting activity of complement factor I in the presence of the cofactors factor H or complement receptor 1. A structure-based model suggests that ISG65 promotes a C3b conformation susceptible to degradation or directly bridges factor I and C3b without contact with the cofactor. In addition, ISG65 is observed to form a stable ternary complex with the ligand binding domain of complement receptor 3 and iC3b. Our data suggest that ISG65 supports trypanosome complement evasion by accelerating the conversion of C3b to iC3b through a unique mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Heidi G Olesen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Svend Birkelund
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Gregers R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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4
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Struijf EM, De la O Becerra KI, Ruyken M, de Haas CJC, van Oosterom F, Siere DY, van Keulen JE, Heesterbeek DAC, Dolk E, Heukers R, Bardoel BW, Gros P, Rooijakkers SHM. Inhibition of cleavage of human complement component C5 and the R885H C5 variant by two distinct high affinity anti-C5 nanobodies. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104956. [PMID: 37356719 PMCID: PMC10374974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human complement system plays a crucial role in immune defense. However, its erroneous activation contributes to many serious inflammatory diseases. Since most unwanted complement effector functions result from C5 cleavage into C5a and C5b, development of C5 inhibitors, such as clinically approved monoclonal antibody eculizumab, are of great interest. Here, we developed and characterized two anti-C5 nanobodies, UNbC5-1 and UNbC5-2. Using surface plasmon resonance, we determined a binding affinity of 119.9 pM for UNbC5-1 and 7.7 pM for UNbC5-2. Competition experiments determined that the two nanobodies recognize distinct epitopes on C5. Both nanobodies efficiently interfered with C5 cleavage in a human serum environment, as they prevented red blood cell lysis via membrane attack complexes (C5b-9) and the formation of chemoattractant C5a. The cryo-EM structure of UNbC5-1 and UNbC5-2 in complex with C5 (3.6 Å resolution) revealed that the binding interfaces of UNbC5-1 and UNbC5-2 overlap with known complement inhibitors eculizumab and RaCI3, respectively. UNbC5-1 binds to the MG7 domain of C5, facilitated by a hydrophobic core and polar interactions, and UNbC5-2 interacts with the C5d domain mostly by salt bridges and hydrogen bonds. Interestingly, UNbC5-1 potently binds and inhibits C5 R885H, a genetic variant of C5 that is not recognized by eculizumab. Altogether, we identified and characterized two different, high affinity nanobodies against human C5. Both nanobodies could serve as diagnostic and/or research tools to detect C5 or inhibit C5 cleavage. Furthermore, the residues targeted by UNbC5-1 hold important information for therapeutic inhibition of different polymorphic variants of C5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Struijf
- Department Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karla I De la O Becerra
- Structural Biochemistry Group, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Ruyken
- Department Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J C de Haas
- Department Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur van Oosterom
- Department Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Danique Y Siere
- Department Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne E van Keulen
- Department Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dani A C Heesterbeek
- Department Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Bart W Bardoel
- Department Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Gros
- Structural Biochemistry Group, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan H M Rooijakkers
- Department Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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5
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Pedersen DV, Lorentzen J, Andersen GR. Structural studies offer a framework for understanding the role of properdin in the alternative pathway and beyond. Immunol Rev 2023; 313:46-59. [PMID: 36097870 PMCID: PMC10087229 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Structures of alternative pathway proteins have offered a comprehensive structural basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms governing activation and regulation of the amplification pathway of the complement cascade. Although properdin (FP) is required in vivo to sustain a functional alternative pathway, structural studies have been lagging behind due to the extended structure and polydisperse nature of FP. We review recent progress with respect to structure determination of FP and its proconvertase/convertase complexes. These structures identify in detail regions in C3b, factor B and FP involved in their mutual interactions. Structures of FP oligomers obtained by integrative studies have shed light on how FP activity depends on its oligomerization state. The accumulated structural knowledge allows us to rationalize the effect of point mutations causing FP deficiency. The structural basis for FP inhibition by the tick CirpA proteins is reviewed and the potential of alphafold2 predictions for understanding the interaction of FP with other tick proteins and the NKp46 receptor on host immune cells is discussed. The accumulated structural knowledge forms a comprehensive basis for understanding molecular interactions involving FP, pathological conditions arising from low levels of FP, and the molecular strategies used by ticks to suppress the alternative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josefine Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gregers Rom Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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6
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Xiao K, Zhang S, Li C. The complement system and complement-like factors in sea cucumber. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 136:104511. [PMID: 36029917 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is an important part of innate immunity and plays an essential role in immune responses. Complement system consists of a series of proteins, its activation results in opsonization and phagocytosis of pathogens. Although the complement system has been studied extensively in vertebrates, considerably less is known about complement in invertebrates, especially in sea cucumber. Here, we reviewed the complement-like factors including Component 3 (C3), Complement factor B (Bf), Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and globular Complement component 1q Receptor (gC1qR), which had been found in the complement system of sea cucumber. Furthermore, we compared the features of complement components among marine invertebrates and described the evolution of sea cucumber complement system obviously. This review can offer theoretical basis for disease control of the sea cucumber and will provide new insights into immune system of marine invertebrates. Meantime, the complete framework of sea cucumber complement may benefit the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
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7
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Macleod OJS, Cook AD, Webb H, Crow M, Burns R, Redpath M, Seisenberger S, Trevor CE, Peacock L, Schwede A, Kimblin N, Francisco AF, Pepperl J, Rust S, Voorheis P, Gibson W, Taylor MC, Higgins MK, Carrington M. Invariant surface glycoprotein 65 of Trypanosoma brucei is a complement C3 receptor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5085. [PMID: 36038546 PMCID: PMC9424271 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African trypanosomes are extracellular pathogens of mammals and are exposed to the adaptive and innate immune systems. Trypanosomes evade the adaptive immune response through antigenic variation, but little is known about how they interact with components of the innate immune response, including complement. Here we demonstrate that an invariant surface glycoprotein, ISG65, is a receptor for complement component 3 (C3). We show how ISG65 binds to the thioester domain of C3b. We also show that C3 contributes to control of trypanosomes during early infection in a mouse model and provide evidence that ISG65 is involved in reducing trypanosome susceptibility to C3-mediated clearance. Deposition of C3b on pathogen surfaces, such as trypanosomes, is a central point in activation of the complement system. In ISG65, trypanosomes have evolved a C3 receptor which diminishes the downstream effects of C3 deposition on the control of infection. Trypanosomes evade the immune response through antigenic variation of a surface coat containing variant surface glycoproteins (VSG). They also express invariant surface glycoproteins (ISGs), which are less well understood. Here, Macleod et al. show that ISG65 of T. brucei is a receptor for complement component 3. They provide the crystal structure of T. brucei ISG65 in complex with complement C3d and show evidence that ISG65 is involved in reducing trypanosome susceptibility to C3-mediated clearance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J S Macleod
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Alexander D Cook
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.,Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Helena Webb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Mandy Crow
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Roisin Burns
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Maria Redpath
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Stefanie Seisenberger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Camilla E Trevor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Lori Peacock
- Bristol Veterinary School and School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angela Schwede
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Nicola Kimblin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Amanda F Francisco
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Julia Pepperl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Steve Rust
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Voorheis
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wendy Gibson
- Bristol Veterinary School and School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Martin C Taylor
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Matthew K Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK. .,Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Mark Carrington
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.
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8
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Zauhar R, Biber J, Jabri Y, Kim M, Hu J, Kaplan L, Pfaller AM, Schäfer N, Enzmann V, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Straub T, Hauck SM, Gamlin PD, McFerrin MB, Messinger J, Strang CE, Curcio CA, Dana N, Pauly D, Grosche A, Li M, Stambolian D. As in Real Estate, Location Matters: Cellular Expression of Complement Varies Between Macular and Peripheral Regions of the Retina and Supporting Tissues. Front Immunol 2022; 13:895519. [PMID: 35784369 PMCID: PMC9240314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.895519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular events that dictate the initiation of the complement pathway in ocular degeneration, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is poorly understood. Using gene expression analysis (single cell and bulk), mass spectrometry, and immunohistochemistry, we dissected the role of multiple retinal and choroidal cell types in determining the complement homeostasis. Our scRNA-seq data show that the cellular response to early AMD is more robust in the choroid, particularly in fibroblasts, pericytes and endothelial cells. In late AMD, complement changes were more prominent in the retina especially with the expression of the classical pathway initiators. Notably, we found a spatial preference for these differences. Overall, this study provides insights into the heterogeneity of cellular responses for complement expression and the cooperation of neighboring cells to complete the pathway in healthy and AMD eyes. Further, our findings provide new cellular targets for therapies directed at complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Zauhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Josef Biber
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yassin Jabri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lew Kaplan
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna M. Pfaller
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nicole Schäfer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Enzmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Tobias Straub
- Bioinformatics Unit, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core and Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paul D. Gamlin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michael B. McFerrin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jeffrey Messinger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christianne E. Strang
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christine A. Curcio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nicholas Dana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Diana Pauly
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antje Grosche
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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9
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Nielsen NS, Zarantonello A, Harwood SL, Jensen KT, Kjøge K, Thøgersen IB, Schauser L, Karlsen JL, Andersen GR, Enghild JJ. Cryo-EM structures of human A2ML1 elucidate the protease-inhibitory mechanism of the A2M family. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3033. [PMID: 35641520 PMCID: PMC9156758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A2ML1 is a monomeric protease inhibitor belonging to the A2M superfamily of protease inhibitors and complement factors. Here, we investigate the protease-inhibitory mechanism of human A2ML1 and determine the structures of its native and protease-cleaved conformations. The functional inhibitory unit of A2ML1 is a monomer that depends on covalent binding of the protease (mediated by A2ML1’s thioester) to achieve inhibition. In contrast to the A2M tetramer which traps proteases in two internal chambers formed by four subunits, in protease-cleaved monomeric A2ML1 disordered regions surround the trapped protease and may prevent substrate access. In native A2ML1, the bait region is threaded through a hydrophobic channel, suggesting that disruption of this arrangement by bait region cleavage triggers the extensive conformational changes that result in protease inhibition. Structural comparisons with complement C3/C4 suggest that the A2M superfamily of proteins share this mechanism for the triggering of conformational change occurring upon proteolytic activation. A2ML1 is a human protease inhibitor belonging to the A2M protein family. In this study, the authors determine structures of A2ML1 before and after protease inhibition and investigate its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Sukusu Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Zarantonello
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Kjøge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ida B Thøgersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Gregers R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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10
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Zewde NT, Hsu RV, Morikis D, Palermo G. Systems Biology Modeling of the Complement System Under Immune Susceptible Pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2021; 9:603704. [PMID: 35145963 PMCID: PMC8827490 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2021.603704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is assembled from a network of proteins that function to bring about the first line of defense of the body against invading pathogens. However, complement deficiencies or invasive pathogens can hijack complement to subsequently increase susceptibility of the body to infections. Moreover, invasive pathogens are increasingly becoming resistant to the currently available therapies. Hence, it is important to gain insights into the highly dynamic interaction between complement and invading microbes in the frontlines of immunity. Here, we developed a mathematical model of the complement system composed of 670 ordinary differential equations with 328 kinetic parameters, which describes all three complement pathways (alternative, classical, and lectin) and includes description of mannose-binding lectin, collectins, ficolins, factor H-related proteins, immunoglobulin M, and pentraxins. Additionally, we incorporate two pathogens: (type 1) complement susceptible pathogen and (type 2) Neisseria meningitidis located in either nasopharynx or bloodstream. In both cases, we generate time profiles of the pathogen surface occupied by complement components and the membrane attack complex (MAC). Our model shows both pathogen types in bloodstream are saturated by complement proteins, whereas MACs occupy <<1.0% of the pathogen surface. Conversely, the MAC production in nasopharynx occupies about 1.5-10% of the total N. meningitidis surface, thus making nasal MAC levels at least about eight orders of magnitude higher. Altogether, we predict complement-imbalance, favoring overactivation, is associated with nasopharynx homeostasis. Conversely, orientating toward complement-balance may cause disruption to the nasopharynx homeostasis. Thus, for sporadic meningococcal disease, our model predicts rising nasal levels of complement regulators as early infection biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehemiah T. Zewde
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Rohaine V. Hsu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Dimitrios Morikis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Correspondence: Giulia Palermo, , Dimitrios Morikis,
| | - Giulia Palermo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Correspondence: Giulia Palermo, , Dimitrios Morikis,
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11
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Qiu WQ, Luo S, Ma SA, Saminathan P, Li H, Gunnersen JM, Gelbard HA, Hammond JW. The Sez6 Family Inhibits Complement by Facilitating Factor I Cleavage of C3b and Accelerating the Decay of C3 Convertases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607641. [PMID: 33936031 PMCID: PMC8081827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sez6 family consists of Sez6, Sez6L, and Sez6L2. Its members are expressed throughout the brain and have been shown to influence synapse numbers and dendritic morphology. They are also linked to various neurological and psychiatric disorders. All Sez6 family members contain 2-3 CUB domains and 5 complement control protein (CCP) domains, suggesting that they may be involved in complement regulation. We show that Sez6 family members inhibit C3b/iC3b opsonization by the classical and alternative pathways with varying degrees of efficacy. For the classical pathway, Sez6 is a strong inhibitor, Sez6L2 is a moderate inhibitor, and Sez6L is a weak inhibitor. For the alternative pathway, the complement inhibitory activity of Sez6, Sez6L, and Sez6L2 all equaled or exceeded the activity of the known complement regulator MCP. Using Sez6L2 as the representative family member, we show that it specifically accelerates the dissociation of C3 convertases. Sez6L2 also functions as a cofactor for Factor I to facilitate the cleavage of C3b; however, Sez6L2 has no cofactor activity toward C4b. In summary, the Sez6 family are novel complement regulators that inhibit C3 convertases and promote C3b degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Q Qiu
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Shaopeiwen Luo
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Stefanie A Ma
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Priyanka Saminathan
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Herman Li
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jenny M Gunnersen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Harris A Gelbard
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jennetta W Hammond
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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12
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Zarantonello A, Pedersen H, Laursen NS, Andersen GR. Nanobodies Provide Insight into the Molecular Mechanisms of the Complement Cascade and Offer New Therapeutic Strategies. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020298. [PMID: 33671302 PMCID: PMC7922070 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is part of the innate immune response, where it provides immediate protection from infectious agents and plays a fundamental role in homeostasis. Complement dysregulation occurs in several diseases, where the tightly regulated proteolytic cascade turns offensive. Prominent examples are atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and Alzheimer’s disease. Therapeutic intervention targeting complement activation may allow treatment of such debilitating diseases. In this review, we describe a panel of complement targeting nanobodies that allow modulation at different steps of the proteolytic cascade, from the activation of the C1 complex in the classical pathway to formation of the C5 convertase in the terminal pathway. Thorough structural and functional characterization has provided a deep mechanistic understanding of the mode of inhibition for each of the nanobodies. These complement specific nanobodies are novel powerful probes for basic research and offer new opportunities for in vivo complement modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zarantonello
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Henrik Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Nick S. Laursen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Gregers R. Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.Z.); (H.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-30256646
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13
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Hevler JF, Lukassen MV, Cabrera-Orefice A, Arnold S, Pronker MF, Franc V, Heck AJR. Selective cross-linking of coinciding protein assemblies by in-gel cross-linking mass spectrometry. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106174. [PMID: 33459420 PMCID: PMC7883291 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-linking mass spectrometry has developed into an important method to study protein structures and interactions. The in-solution cross-linking workflows involve time and sample consuming steps and do not provide sensible solutions for differentiating cross-links obtained from co-occurring protein oligomers, complexes, or conformers. Here we developed a cross-linking workflow combining blue native PAGE with in-gel cross-linking mass spectrometry (IGX-MS). This workflow circumvents steps, such as buffer exchange and cross-linker concentration optimization. Additionally, IGX-MS enables the parallel analysis of co-occurring protein complexes using only small amounts of sample. Another benefit of IGX-MS, demonstrated by experiments on GroEL and purified bovine heart mitochondria, is the substantial reduction of undesired over-length cross-links compared to in-solution cross-linking. We next used IGX-MS to investigate the complement components C5, C6, and their hetero-dimeric C5b6 complex. The obtained cross-links were used to generate a refined structural model of the complement component C6, resembling C6 in its inactivated state. This finding shows that IGX-MS can provide new insights into the initial stages of the terminal complement pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F Hevler
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marie V Lukassen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Arnold
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matti F Pronker
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vojtech Franc
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Zhang Z, Wang T, Liu F, Zhu A, Gu G, Luo J, Xu J, Zhao J, Li Y, Li Y, Liu X, Zhong N, Lu W. The proteomic characteristics of airway mucus from critical ill COVID-19 patients. Life Sci 2021; 269:119046. [PMID: 33453245 PMCID: PMC7806453 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought a global public health crisis. However, the pathogenesis underlying COVID-19 are barely understood. Methods In this study, we performed proteomic analyses of airway mucus obtained by bronchoscopy from severe COVID-19 patients. In total, 2351 and 2073 proteins were identified and quantified in COVID-19 patients and healthy controls, respectively. Results Among them, 92 differentiated expressed proteins (DEPs) (46 up-regulated and 46 down-regulated) were found with a fold change >1.5 or <0.67 and a p-value <0.05, and 375 proteins were uniquely present in airway mucus from COVID-19 patients. Pathway and network enrichment analyses revealed that the 92 DEPs were mostly associated with metabolic, complement and coagulation cascades, lysosome, and cholesterol metabolism pathways, and the 375 COVID-19 only proteins were mainly enriched in amino acid degradation (Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine degradation), amino acid metabolism (beta-Alanine, Tryptophan, Cysteine and Methionine metabolism), oxidative phosphorylation, phagosome, and cholesterol metabolism pathways. Conclusions This study aims to provide fundamental data for elucidating proteomic changes of COVID-19, which may implicate further investigation of molecular targets directing at specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Airu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoping Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Valencia-Sanchez C, Wingerchuk DM. Emerging Targeted Therapies for Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders. BioDrugs 2020; 35:7-17. [PMID: 33301078 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-020-00460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune, inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system that typically presents with recurrent episodes of optic neuritis, longitudinally extensive myelitis, brainstem, diencephalic, and cerebral syndromes. Up to 80% of NMOSD patients have a circulating pathogenic autoantibody that targets the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG). The discovery of AQP4-IgG transformed our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and its possible treatment targets. Monoclonal antibodies targeting terminal complement (eculizumab), CD19 (inebilizumab), and the interleukin-6 receptor (satralizumab) have demonstrated efficacy in NMOSD attack prevention in recent phase 3 trials and have gained subsequent regulatory approval in the USA and other countries. We aim to review the evidence supporting the efficacy of these new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dean M Wingerchuk
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.
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16
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Barnum SR, Bubeck D, Schein TN. Soluble Membrane Attack Complex: Biochemistry and Immunobiology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585108. [PMID: 33240274 PMCID: PMC7683570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The soluble membrane attack complex (sMAC, a.k.a., sC5b-9 or TCC) is generated on activation of complement and contains the complement proteins C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9 together with the regulatory proteins clusterin and/or vitronectin. sMAC is a member of the MACPF/cholesterol-dependent-cytolysin superfamily of pore-forming molecules that insert into lipid bilayers and disrupt cellular integrity and function. sMAC is a unique complement activation macromolecule as it is comprised of several different subunits. To date no complement-mediated function has been identified for sMAC. sMAC is present in blood and other body fluids under homeostatic conditions and there is abundant evidence documenting changes in sMAC levels during infection, autoimmune disease and trauma. Despite decades of scientific interest in sMAC, the mechanisms regulating its formation in healthy individuals and its biological functions in both health and disease remain poorly understood. Here, we review the structural differences between sMAC and its membrane counterpart, MAC, and examine sMAC immunobiology with respect to its presence in body fluids in health and disease. Finally, we discuss the diagnostic potential of sMAC for diagnostic and prognostic applications and potential utility as a companion diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doryen Bubeck
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Pedersen H, Jensen RK, Jensen JMB, Fox R, Pedersen DV, Olesen HG, Hansen AG, Christiansen D, Mazarakis SMM, Lojek N, Hansen P, Gadeberg TAF, Zarantonello A, Laursen NS, Mollnes TE, Johnson MB, Stevens B, Thiel S, Andersen GR. A Complement C3-Specific Nanobody for Modulation of the Alternative Cascade Identifies the C-Terminal Domain of C3b as Functional in C5 Convertase Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2287-2300. [PMID: 32938727 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is an intricate cascade of the innate immune system and plays a key role in microbial defense, inflammation, organ development, and tissue regeneration. There is increasing interest in developing complement regulatory and inhibitory agents to treat complement dysfunction. In this study, we describe the nanobody hC3Nb3, which is specific for the C-terminal C345c domain of human and mouse complement component C3/C3b/C3c and potently inhibits C3 cleavage by the alternative pathway. A high-resolution structure of the hC3Nb3-C345c complex explains how the nanobody blocks proconvertase assembly. Surprisingly, although the nanobody does not affect classical pathway-mediated C3 cleavage, hC3Nb3 inhibits classical pathway-driven hemolysis, suggesting that the C-terminal domain of C3b has an important function in classical pathway C5 convertase activity. The hC3Nb3 nanobody binds C3 with low nanomolar affinity in an SDS-resistant complex, and the nanobody is demonstrated to be a powerful reagent for C3 detection in immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Overall, the hC3Nb3 nanobody represents a potent inhibitor of both the alternative pathway and the terminal pathway, with possible applications in complement research, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus K Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rachel Fox
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Dennis V Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Heidi G Olesen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annette G Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Sofia M M Mazarakis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Neal Lojek
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Pernille Hansen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine A F Gadeberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Nick S Laursen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; and
| | - Matthew B Johnson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Beth Stevens
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
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18
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Pedersen DV, Rösner T, Hansen AG, Andersen KR, Thiel S, Andersen GR, Valerius T, Laursen NS. Recruitment of properdin by bi-specific nanobodies activates the alternative pathway of complement. Mol Immunol 2020; 124:200-210. [PMID: 32599335 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complement system represents a powerful part of the innate immune system capable of removing pathogens and damaged host cells. Nevertheless, only a subset of therapeutic antibodies are capable of inducing complement dependent cytotoxicity, which has fuelled the search for new strategies to potentiate complement activation. Properdin (FP) functions as a positive complement regulator by stabilizing the alternative pathway C3 convertase. Here, we explore a novel strategy for direct activation of the alternative pathway of complement using bi-specific single domain antibodies (nanobodies) that recruit endogenous FP to a cell surface. As a proof-of-principle, we generated bi-specific nanobodies with specificity toward FP and the validated cancer antigen epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and tested their ability to activate complement onto cancer cell lines expressing EGFR. Treatment led to recruitment of FP, complement activation and significant deposition of C3 fragments on the cells in a manner sensitive to the geometry of FP recruitment. The bi-specific nanobodies induced complement dependent lysis of baby hamster kidney cells expressing human EGFR but were unable to lyse human tumour cells due to the presence of complement regulators. Our results confirm that FP can function as a surface bound focal point for initiation of complement activation independent of prior C3b deposition. However, recruitment of FP by bi-specific nanobodies appears insufficient for overcoming the inhibitory action of the negative complement regulators overexpressed by many human tumour cell lines. Our data provide general information on the efficacy of properdin as an initiator of complement but suggest that properdin recruitment on its own may have limited utility as a platform for potent complement activation on regulated cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis V Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10 C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thies Rösner
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Annette G Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høgh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kasper R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10 C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høgh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gregers R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10 C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nick S Laursen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10 C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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19
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Pedersen H, Jensen RK, Hansen AG, Gadeberg TAF, Thiel S, Laursen NS, Andersen GR. A C3-specific nanobody that blocks all three activation pathways in the human and murine complement system. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8746-8758. [PMID: 32376685 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a tightly controlled proteolytic cascade in the innate immune system, which tags intruding pathogens and dying host cells for clearance. An essential protein in this process is complement component C3. Uncontrolled complement activation has been implicated in several human diseases and disorders and has spurred the development of therapeutic approaches that modulate the complement system. Here, using purified proteins and several biochemical assays and surface plasmon resonance, we report that our nanobody, hC3Nb2, inhibits C3 deposition by all complement pathways. We observe that the hC3Nb2 nanobody binds human native C3 and its degradation products with low nanomolar affinity and does not interfere with the endogenous regulation of C3b deposition mediated by Factors H and I. Using negative stain EM analysis and functional assays, we demonstrate that hC3Nb2 inhibits the substrate-convertase interaction by binding to the MG3 and MG4 domains of C3 and C3b. Furthermore, we notice that hC3Nb2 is cross-reactive and inhibits the lectin and alternative pathway in murine serum. We conclude that hC3Nb2 is a potent, general, and versatile inhibitor of the human and murine complement cascades. Its cross-reactivity suggests that this nanobody may be valuable for analysis of complement activation within animal models of both acute and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus K Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Trine A F Gadeberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nick S Laursen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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20
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Dufloo J, Guivel‐Benhassine F, Buchrieser J, Lorin V, Grzelak L, Dupouy E, Mestrallet G, Bourdic K, Lambotte O, Mouquet H, Bruel T, Schwartz O. Anti-HIV-1 antibodies trigger non-lytic complement deposition on infected cells. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49351. [PMID: 31833228 PMCID: PMC10563447 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of anti-HIV-1 antibodies on complement activation at the surface of infected cells remains partly understood. Here, we show that a subset of anti-Envelope (Env) broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), targeting the CD4 binding site and the V3 loop, triggers C3 deposition and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) on Raji cells engineered to express high surface levels of HIV-1 Env. Primary CD4 T cells infected with laboratory-adapted or primary HIV-1 strains and treated with bNAbs are susceptible to C3 deposition but not to rapid CDC. The cellular protein CD59 and viral proteins Vpu and Nef protect infected cells from CDC mediated by bNAbs or by polyclonal IgGs from HIV-positive individuals. However, complement deposition accelerates the disappearance of infected cells within a few days of culture. Altogether, our results uncover the contribution of complement to the antiviral activity of anti-HIV-1 bNAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Dufloo
- Virus & Immunity UnitDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 3569ParisFrance
- Sorbonne Paris CitéParis Diderot UniversityParisFrance
| | | | - Julian Buchrieser
- Virus & Immunity UnitDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 3569ParisFrance
| | - Valérie Lorin
- Laboratory of Humoral ImmunologyDepartment of ImmunologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- INSERM U1222ParisFrance
| | - Ludivine Grzelak
- Virus & Immunity UnitDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 3569ParisFrance
| | - Emilie Dupouy
- Virus & Immunity UnitDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 3569ParisFrance
| | - Guillaume Mestrallet
- Virus & Immunity UnitDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 3569ParisFrance
| | - Katia Bourdic
- CEA, DSV/IMETI, IDMITFontenay‐aux‐RosesFrance
- Université Paris SudUMR‐1184Le Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
- Inserm, U1184Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune DiseasesLe Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
- APHPService de Médecine Interne‐Immunologie CliniqueHôpitaux Universitaires Paris SudLe Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- CEA, DSV/IMETI, IDMITFontenay‐aux‐RosesFrance
- Université Paris SudUMR‐1184Le Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
- Inserm, U1184Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune DiseasesLe Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
- APHPService de Médecine Interne‐Immunologie CliniqueHôpitaux Universitaires Paris SudLe Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Laboratory of Humoral ImmunologyDepartment of ImmunologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- INSERM U1222ParisFrance
- Vaccine Research InstituteCréteilFrance
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus & Immunity UnitDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 3569ParisFrance
- Vaccine Research InstituteCréteilFrance
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus & Immunity UnitDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 3569ParisFrance
- Vaccine Research InstituteCréteilFrance
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21
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Lateb M, Ouahmi H, Payré C, Brglez V, Zorzi K, Dolla G, Zaidan M, Boyer-Suavet S, Knebelmann B, Crépin T, Courivaud C, Jourde-Chiche N, Esnault V, Lambeau G, Seitz-Polski B. Anti-PLA2R1 Antibodies Containing Sera Induce In Vitro Cytotoxicity Mediated by Complement Activation. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1324804. [PMID: 32083137 PMCID: PMC7012209 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1324804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) is the major autoantigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN). However, the pathogenic role of anti-PLA2R1 autoantibodies is unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of anti-PLA2R1 antibodies mediated by complement. Forty-eight patients with PLA2R1-related MN from the prospective cohort SOURIS were included. Anti-PLA2R1 titer, epitope profile, and anti-PLA2R1 IgG subclasses were characterized by ELISA. Cell cytotoxicity was evaluated by immunofluorescence in HEK293 cells overexpressing PLA2R1 incubated with patient or healthy donor sera in the presence or absence of rabbit complement or complement inhibitors. Mean cytotoxicity of anti-PLA2R1 sera for HEK293 cells overexpressing PLA2R1 was 2 ± 2%, which increased to 24 ± 6% after addition of rabbit complement (p < 0.001) (n = 48). GVB-EDTA, which inhibits all complement activation pathways, completely blocked cell cytotoxicity, whereas Mg-EGTA, which only inhibits the classical and lectin pathways, highly decreased suggesting a limited role of the alternative pathway. A higher diversity of IgG subclasses beyond IgG4 and high titer of total IgG anti-PLA2R1 were associated with increased cytotoxicity (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03 respectively). In a cohort of 37 patients treated with rituximab, high level of complement-mediated cytotoxicity was associated with less and delayed remission at month 6 after rituximab therapy (5/12 vs. 20/25 (p = 0.03) in 8.5 months ± 4.4 vs. 4.8 ± 4.0 (p = 0.02)). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that high level of cytotoxicity (≥40%) (p = 0.005), epitope spreading (defined by immunization beyond the immunodominant CysR domain) (p = 0.002), and high titer of anti-PLA2R1 total IgG (p = 0.01) were factors of poor renal prognosis. Anti-PLA2R1 antibodies containing sera can induce in vitro cytotoxicity mediated by complement activation, and the level of cytotoxicity increases with the diversity and the titer of anti-PLA2R1 IgG subclasses. These patients with high level of complement-mediated cytotoxicity could benefit from adjuvant therapy using complement inhibitor associated with rituximab to induce earlier remission and less podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Lateb
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Hajar Ouahmi
- Service de Néphrologie-Dialyse-Transplantation, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Christine Payré
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Vesna Brglez
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique, CHU de Nice, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Kevin Zorzi
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique, CHU de Nice, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Guillaume Dolla
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Mohamad Zaidan
- Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HM France, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Boyer-Suavet
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique, CHU de Nice, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Bertrand Knebelmann
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Crépin
- Département de Néphrologie, Dialyse et Transplantation, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Cécile Courivaud
- Département de Néphrologie, Dialyse et Transplantation, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Noémie Jourde-Chiche
- Aix-Marseille Univ, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, AP-HM Hôpital de la Conception, Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Esnault
- Service de Néphrologie-Dialyse-Transplantation, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique, CHU de Nice, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Barbara Seitz-Polski
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
- Service de Néphrologie-Dialyse-Transplantation, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique, CHU de Nice, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital l'Archet, CHU de Nice, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France
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22
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Zewde NT. Multiscale Solutions to Quantitative Systems Biology Models. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:119. [PMID: 31737643 PMCID: PMC6831518 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nehemiah T Zewde
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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23
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Pérez-Alós L, Bayarri-Olmos R, Skjoedt MO, Garred P. Combining MAP-1:CD35 or MAP-1:CD55 fusion proteins with pattern-recognition molecules as novel targeted modulators of the complement cascade. FASEB J 2019; 33:12723-12734. [PMID: 31469600 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901643r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the complement system is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, and its inhibition has been shown to be a feasible therapeutic option. Therefore, there is an interest in the development of complement modulators to treat complement activation-related inflammatory pathologies. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)/ficolin/collectin-associated protein-1 (MAP-1) is a regulatory molecule of the lectin pathway (LP), whereas complement receptor 1 (CD35) and decay-accelerating factor (CD55) are membrane-anchored regulators with effects on the central effector molecule C3. In this study, we developed 2 novel soluble chimeric inhibitors by fusing MAP-1 to the 3 first domains of CD35 (CD351-3) or the 4 domains of CD55 (CD551-4) to modulate the complement cascade at 2 different stages. The constructs showed biologic properties similar to those of the parent molecules. In functional complement activation assays, the constructs were very efficient in inhibiting LP activation at the level of C3 and in the formation of terminal complement complex. This activity was enhanced when coincubated with recombinant LP recognition molecules MBL and ficolin-3. Recombinant MAP-1 fusion proteins, combined with recombinant LP recognition molecules to target sites of inflammation, represent a novel and effective therapeutic approach involving the initiation and the central and terminal effector functions of the complement cascade.-Pérez-Alós, L., Bayarri-Olmos, R., Skjoedt, M.-O., Garred, P. Combining MAP-1:CD35 or MAP-1:CD55 fusion proteins with pattern-recognition molecules as novel targeted modulators of the complement cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Pedersen DV, Gadeberg TAF, Thomas C, Wang Y, Joram N, Jensen RK, Mazarakis SMM, Revel M, El Sissy C, Petersen SV, Lindorff-Larsen K, Thiel S, Laursen NS, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Andersen GR. Structural Basis for Properdin Oligomerization and Convertase Stimulation in the Human Complement System. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2007. [PMID: 31507604 PMCID: PMC6713926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Properdin (FP) is a positive regulator of the immune system stimulating the activity of the proteolytically active C3 convertase C3bBb in the alternative pathway of the complement system. Here we present two crystal structures of FP and two structures of convertase bound FP. A structural core formed by three thrombospondin repeats (TSRs) and a TB domain harbors the convertase binding site in FP that mainly interacts with C3b. Stabilization of the interaction between the C3b C-terminus and the MIDAS bound Mg2+ in the Bb protease by FP TSR5 is proposed to underlie FP convertase stabilization. Intermolecular contacts between FP and the convertase subunits suggested by the structure were confirmed by binding experiments. FP is shown to inhibit C3b degradation by FI due to a direct competition for a common binding site on C3b. FP oligomers are held together by two sets of intermolecular contacts, where the first is formed by the TB domain from one FP molecule and TSR4 from another. The second and largest interface is formed by TSR1 and TSR6 from the same two FP molecules. Flexibility at four hinges between thrombospondin repeats is suggested to enable the oligomeric, polydisperse, and extended architecture of FP. Our structures rationalize the effects of mutations associated with FP deficiencies and provide a structural basis for the analysis of FP function in convertases and its possible role in pattern recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis V. Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine A. F. Gadeberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Caroline Thomas
- Service d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, CHU Nantes, Hôpital Mère Enfant, Nantes, France
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Joram
- Service de Réanimation Pédiatrique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Rasmus K. Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sofia M. M. Mazarakis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Margot Revel
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Carine El Sissy
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | | | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nick S. Laursen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Véronique Fremeaux-Bacchi
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Gregers R. Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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25
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Zewde N, Morikis D. A computational model for the evaluation of complement system regulation under homeostasis, disease, and drug intervention. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198644. [PMID: 29874282 PMCID: PMC5991421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an intricate defense network that rapidly removes invading pathogens. Although many complement regulators are present to protect host cells under homeostasis, the impairment of Factor H (FH) regulatory mechanism has been associated with several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. To understand the dynamics involved in the pivotal balance between activation and regulation, we have developed a comprehensive computational model of the alternative and classical pathways of the complement system. The model is composed of 290 ordinary differential equations with 142 kinetic parameters that describe the state of complement system under homeostasis and disorder through FH impairment. We have evaluated the state of the system by generating concentration-time profiles for the biomarkers C3, C3a-desArg, C5, C5a-desArg, Factor B (FB), Ba, Bb, and fC5b-9 that are influenced by complement dysregulation. We show that FH-mediated disorder induces substantial levels of complement activation compared to homeostasis, by generating reduced levels of C3 and FB, and to a lesser extent C5, and elevated levels of C3a-desArg, Ba, Bb, C5a-desArg, and fC5b-9. These trends are consistent with clinically observed biomarkers associated with complement-mediated diseases. Furthermore, we introduced therapy states by modeling known inhibitors of the complement system, a compstatin variant (C3 inhibitor) and eculizumab (C5 inhibitor). Compstatin demonstrates strong restorative effects for early-stage biomarkers, such as C3a-desArg, FB, Ba, and Bb, and milder restorative effects for late-stage biomarkers, such as C5a-desArg and fC5b-9, whereas eculizumab has strong restorative effects on late-stage biomarkers, and negligible effects on early-stage biomarkers. These results highlight the need for patient-tailored therapies that target early complement activation at the C3 level, or late-stage propagation of the terminal cascade at the C5 level, depending on the specific FH-mediated disease and the manifestations of a patient's genetic profile in complement regulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehemiah Zewde
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Dimitrios Morikis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
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26
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Ricklin D, Lambris JD. Preformed mediators of defense-Gatekeepers enter the spotlight. Immunol Rev 2018; 274:5-8. [PMID: 27782322 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ricklin
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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27
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Complement components as promoters of immunological tolerance in dendritic cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 85:143-152. [PMID: 29155220 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complement and dendritic cells (DCs) share many functional features that drive the outcome of immune-inflammatory processes. Both have a sentinel function, acting as danger sensors specialized for a rapid, comprehensive and selective action against potential threats without damaging the healthy host cells. But while complement has been considered as a "master alarm" system poised for direct pathogen killing, DCs are regarded as "master regulators" or orchestrators of a vast range of effector immune cells for an effective immune response against threatening insults. The original definition of the complement system, coined to denote its auxiliary function to enhance or assist in the role of antibodies or phagocytes to clear microbes or damaged cells, envisaged an important crosstalk between the complement and the mononuclear phagocyte systems. More recent studies have shown that, depending on the microenvironmental conditions, several complement effectors are competent to influence the differentiation and/or function of different DC subsets toward immunogenicity or tolerance. In this review we will infer about the capability of complement activators and inhibitors to "condition" a tolerogenic and anti-inflammatory immune response by direct interaction with DC surface receptors, and about the implications of this knowledge to devise new complement-based therapeutic approaches for autoimmune pathologies.
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Hajishengallis G, Reis ES, Mastellos DC, Ricklin D, Lambris JD. Novel mechanisms and functions of complement. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:1288-1298. [PMID: 29144501 PMCID: PMC5706779 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Progress at the beginning of the 21st century transformed the perception of complement from that of a blood-based antimicrobial system to that of a global regulator of immunity and tissue homeostasis. More recent years have witnessed remarkable advances in structure-function insights and understanding of the mechanisms and locations of complement activation, which have added new layers of complexity to the biology of complement. This complexity is readily reflected by the multifaceted and contextual involvement of complement-driven networks in a wide range of inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. This Review provides an updated view of new and previously unanticipated functions of complement and how these affect immunity and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edimara S Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dimitrios C Mastellos
- Division of Biodiagnostic Sciences and Technologies, INRASTES, National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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Kennedy AT, Wijeyewickrema LC, Huglo A, Lin C, Pike R, Cowman AF, Tham WH. Recruitment of Human C1 Esterase Inhibitor Controls Complement Activation on Blood StagePlasmodium falciparumMerozoites. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4728-4737. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Controlling the anaphylatoxin C5a in diseases requires a specifically targeted inhibition. Clin Immunol 2017; 180:25-32. [PMID: 28366510 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The terminal complement split product C5a has been described as an important mediator in inflammatory diseases. C5a is generated upon cleavage of C5 and earlier research suggests that, besides the known C5 convertases formed upon activation of the complement pathways, various enzymes could activate C5 directly. We demonstrate that eculizumab effectively blocks C5 activation when mediated by C5-convertase formation, but fails to block C5a generation resulting from direct enzymatic cleavage by trypsin and thrombin. C5a generated by these enzymes is shown to be fully biologically functional and can be blocked by IFX-1, a specific monoclonal anti-human C5a antibody. We further report clinical cases of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and C3 Glomerulonephritis (C3GN) patients under treatment with eculizumab presenting substantially elevated C5a levels. Thus, blocking the C5 convertase mediated activation of C5 may not be efficient to control C5a-mediated effects in human disease and that a targeted approach is warranted.
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