1
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Smith TJ, Elmore ZC, Fusco RM, Hull JA, Rosales A, Martinez M, Tarantal AF, Asokan A. Engineered IgM and IgG cleaving enzymes for mitigating antibody neutralization and complement activation in AAV gene transfer. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2080-2093. [PMID: 38715362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic dosing of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors poses potential risk of adverse side effects including complement activation triggered by anti-capsid immunity. Due to the multifactorial nature of toxicities observed in this setting, a wide spectrum of immune modulatory regimens are being investigated in the clinic. Here, we discover an IgM cleaving enzyme (IceM) that degrades human IgM, a key trigger in the anti-AAV immune cascade. We then engineer a fusion enzyme (IceMG) with dual proteolytic activity against human IgM and IgG. IceMG cleaves B cell surface antigen receptors and inactivates phospholipase gamma signaling in vitro. Importantly, IceMG is more effective at inhibiting complement activation compared with an IgG cleaving enzyme alone. Upon IV dosing, IceMG rapidly and reversibly clears circulating IgM and IgG in macaques. Antisera from these animals treated with IceMG shows decreased ability to neutralize AAV and activate complement. Consistently, pre-conditioning with IceMG restores AAV transduction in mice passively immunized with human antisera. Thus, IgM cleaving enzymes show promise in simultaneously addressing multiple aspects of anti-AAV immunity mediated by B cells, circulating antibodies and complement. These studies have implications for improving safety of AAV gene therapies and possibly broader applications including organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Smith
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zachary C Elmore
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert M Fusco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joshua A Hull
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alan Rosales
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michele Martinez
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alice F Tarantal
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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2
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Han X, Hu X, Jin W, Liu G. Dietary nutrition, intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and post-weaning diarrhea in piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:188-207. [PMID: 38800735 PMCID: PMC11126776 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Weaning is a critical transitional point in the life cycle of piglets. Early weaning can lead to post-weaning syndrome, destroy the intestinal barrier function and microbiota homeostasis, cause diarrhea and threaten the health of piglets. The nutritional components of milk and solid foods consumed by newborn animals can affect the diversity and structure of their intestinal microbiota, and regulate post-weaning diarrhea in piglets. Therefore, this paper reviews the effects and mechanisms of different nutrients, including protein, dietary fiber, dietary fatty acids and dietary electrolyte balance, on diarrhea and health of piglets by regulating intestinal function. Protein is an essential nutrient for the growth of piglets; however, excessive intake will cause many harmful effects, such as allergic reactions, intestinal barrier dysfunction and pathogenic growth, eventually aggravating piglet diarrhea. Dietary fiber is a nutrient that alleviates post-weaning diarrhea in piglets, which is related to its promotion of intestinal epithelial integrity, microbial homeostasis and the production of short-chain fatty acids. In addition, dietary fatty acids and dietary electrolyte balance can also facilitate the growth, function and health of piglets by regulating intestinal epithelial function, immune system and microbiota. Thus, a targeted control of dietary components to promote the establishment of a healthy bacterial community is a significant method for preventing nutritional diarrhea in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Han
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Xiangdong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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3
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Roy K, Chakraborty M, Kumar A, Manna AK, Roy NS. The NFκB signaling system in the generation of B-cell subsets: from germinal center B cells to memory B cells and plasma cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185597. [PMID: 38169968 PMCID: PMC10758606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells and antibody-secreting cells are the two prime effector B cell populations that drive infection- and vaccine-induced long-term antibody-mediated immunity. The antibody-mediated immunity mostly relies on the formation of specialized structures within secondary lymphoid organs, called germinal centers (GCs), that facilitate the interactions between B cells, T cells, and antigen-presenting cells. Antigen-activated B cells may proliferate and differentiate into GC-independent plasmablasts and memory B cells or differentiate into GC B cells. The GC B cells undergo proliferation coupled to somatic hypermutation of their immunoglobulin genes for antibody affinity maturation. Subsequently, affinity mature GC B cells differentiate into GC-dependent plasma cells and memory B cells. Here, we review how the NFκB signaling system controls B cell proliferation and the generation of GC B cells, plasmablasts/plasma cells, and memory B cells. We also identify and discuss some important unanswered questions in this connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Roy
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mainak Chakraborty
- Division of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Asit Kumar Manna
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Neeladri Sekhar Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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4
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Fang T, Yin X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhao X, Lin X, Xue Y. Lymphocyte subset is more suitable than systemic inflammatory response biomarker and immunoglobulin in constructing prognostic nomogram model for advanced gastric cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14669. [PMID: 36994403 PMCID: PMC10040715 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The serum factors of inflammation are known to be useful prognostic indicators of gastric cancer (GC). However, few studies have made comparisons to screen out more suitable biomarkers for the construction of Nomogram models. In this study, 566 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy were randomly selected. We evaluated the prognostic value of markers of systemic inflammation, including WBC, NLR, PLR, circulating total T cells, CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells and CD19+B cells, serum IgA, IgM, IgE and IgG, and compared them with traditional tumor markers (CEA, CA19-9, CA72-4 and CA125). Kaplan‒Meier analysis was used to analyze the correlation between biomarkers and overall survival (OS). We used time-dependent ROC analysis to investigate the prognostic accuracy of each biomarker. The risk of death was evaluated by the Cox regression model, and the Nomogram model was constructed by R software. We found that circulating total T cells, CD8+T cells, CEA, and CA125 had statistical significance in predicting advanced GC prognosis. Circulating CD8+T cells and CA125 were continuously superior to circulating total T cells and CEA in the prediction of 5-year OS. Cox regression found that CA125, circulating CD8+T cells, sex, and lymph node metastasis rate were independent risk factors for advanced GC. Furthermore, we combined all these predictors to construct a nomogram, which can supplement the AJCC 8th system. According to the comparison with commonly used serum immune biomarkers, circulating CD8+T cells is more sensitive to advanced GC. The prediction function of the Nomogram will supplement the traditional AJCC system, which contributes to individual survival prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Fang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinghai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuan Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingwei Xue
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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5
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Wolf C, Köppert S, Becza N, Kuerten S, Kirchenbaum GA, Lehmann PV. Antibody Levels Poorly Reflect on the Frequency of Memory B Cells Generated following SARS-CoV-2, Seasonal Influenza, or EBV Infection. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223662. [PMID: 36429090 PMCID: PMC9688940 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of immune monitoring is to define the existence, magnitude, and quality of immune mechanisms operational in a host. In clinical trials and praxis, the assessment of humoral immunity is commonly confined to measurements of serum antibody reactivity without accounting for the memory B cell potential. Relying on fundamentally different mechanisms, however, passive immunity conveyed by pre-existing antibodies needs to be distinguished from active B cell memory. Here, we tested whether, in healthy human individuals, the antibody titers to SARS-CoV-2, seasonal influenza, or Epstein-Barr virus antigens correlated with the frequency of recirculating memory B cells reactive with the respective antigens. Weak correlations were found. The data suggest that the assessment of humoral immunity by measurement of antibody levels does not reflect on memory B cell frequencies and thus an individual's potential to engage in an anamnestic antibody response against the same or an antigenically related virus. Direct monitoring of the antigen-reactive memory B cell compartment is both required and feasible towards that goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Wolf
- Research and Development, Cellular Technology Ltd. (CTL), Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Köppert
- Research and Development, Cellular Technology Ltd. (CTL), Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Noémi Becza
- Research and Development, Cellular Technology Ltd. (CTL), Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Greg A. Kirchenbaum
- Research and Development, Cellular Technology Ltd. (CTL), Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA
| | - Paul V. Lehmann
- Research and Development, Cellular Technology Ltd. (CTL), Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(216)-791-5084
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6
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Singh K, Kumar R, Umam F, Kapoor P, Sinha S, Aggarwal A. Distinct and shared B cell responses of tuberculosis patients and their household contacts. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276610. [PMID: 36282846 PMCID: PMC9595562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at identifying the B cell responses which could distinguish between 'latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)' and active TB disease. Study subjects were smear-positive TB patients (n = 54) and their disease-free household contacts (HHCs, n = 120). The sera were used for determination of antibody levels (ΔOD values) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis membrane (MtM) antigens by ELISA and for visualisation of seroreactive MtM antigens by immunoblotting. B cell subsets in whole blood samples were determined by flow cytometry. In TB sera, levels of IgG antibodies were significantly higher than IgM and IgA whereas IgM and IgA antibody levels were comparable. Conversely, HHC sera had significantly higher IgM antibody levels than IgG and IgA. The ratio of IgM to IgG antibodies in HHCs were also significantly higher than in patients. Immunoblotting revealed that some of the MtM antigens (<10, ~12 and ~25 kDa) reacted with TB as well as HHC sera whereas some other antigens (~16, ~36, ~45 and ~60 kDa) reacted with most of TB and a subset of HHC sera. Frequencies of classical memory B cells (cMBCs, CD19+CD27+) were significantly higher, and of IgG+ cMBCs were significantly lower in HHCs than in patients. Frequencies of IgA+ cMBCs in HHCs and patients were comparable but both were significantly higher than the corresponding frequencies of IgG+ cMBCs. Frequencies of IgA+ atypical MBCs (aMBCs, CD19+CD27-) in HHCs and patients were also comparable and significantly higher than the IgG+ aMBCs. The plasmablast (CD19+CD27++CD38++) frequencies in HHCs and patients were comparable. These results suggest that the IgM/IgG antibody ratio, antibody binding to selected MtM antigens and relative frequencies of MBC subsets could indicate protective or pathogenic immune responses following the primary infection with Mtb. Responses that orchestrate protection leading to a 'quiescent' LTBI may provide clues to an effective vaccination strategy against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Singh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Fareha Umam
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Prerna Kapoor
- DOTS Centre, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Sudhir Sinha
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
- * E-mail: (AA); (SS)
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
- * E-mail: (AA); (SS)
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7
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Udoye CC, Rau CN, Freye SM, Almeida LN, Vera-Cruz S, Othmer K, Korkmaz RÜ, Clauder AK, Lindemann T, Niebuhr M, Ott F, Kalies K, Recke A, Busch H, Fähnrich A, Finkelman FD, Manz RA. B-cell receptor physical properties affect relative IgG1 and IgE responses in mouse egg allergy. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1375-1388. [PMID: 36114245 PMCID: PMC9705252 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutated and unmutated IgE and IgG play different and partly opposing roles in allergy development, but the mechanisms controlling their relative production are incompletely understood. Here, we analyzed the IgE-response in murine food allergy. Deep sequencing of the complementary-determining region (CDR) repertoires indicated that an ongoing unmutated extrafollicular IgE response coexists with a germinal center response, even after long-lasting allergen challenges. Despite overall IgG1-dominance, a significant proportion of clonotypes contained several-fold more IgE than IgG1. Clonotypes with differential bias to either IgE or IgG1 showed distinct hypermutation and clonal expansion. Hypermutation rates were associated with different physiochemical binding properties of individual B-cell receptors (BCR). Increasing BCR signaling strength inhibited class switching from IgG1 to IgE in vitro, preferentially constraining IgE formation. These data indicate that antigen-binding properties of individual BCRs determine differential IgE hypermutation and IgE versus IgG1 production on the level of single B-cell clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C. Udoye
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina N. Rau
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sarah M. Freye
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Larissa N. Almeida
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sarah Vera-Cruz
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kai Othmer
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rabia Ü. Korkmaz
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Clauder
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Timo Lindemann
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Niebuhr
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fabian Ott
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Medical Systems Biology Division, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kalies
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andreas Recke
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University off Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Medical Systems Biology Division, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anke Fähnrich
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Medical Systems Biology Division, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fred D. Finkelman
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Rudolf A. Manz
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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8
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Zghaebi M, Byazrova M, Flicker S, Villazala-Merino S, Campion NJ, Stanek V, Tu A, Breiteneder H, Filatov A, Khaitov M, Niederberger-Leppin V, Eckl-Dorna J, Valenta R. Tracing Human IgE B Cell Antigen Receptor-Bearing Cells With a Monoclonal Anti-Human IgE Antibody That Specifically Recognizes Non-Receptor-Bound IgE. Front Immunol 2021; 12:803236. [PMID: 34987522 PMCID: PMC8721004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.803236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 30% of the population suffers from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergies. Despite current stepwise gating approaches, the unambiguous identification of human IgE-producing cells by flow cytometry and immunohistology remains challenging. This is mainly due to the scarcity of these cells and the fact that IgE is not only expressed in a membrane-bound form on the surface of IgE-producing cells in form of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR), but is more frequently found on various cell types bound to the low and high affinity receptors, CD23 and FcϵRI, respectively. Here we sought to develop a sequential gating strategy for unambiguous detection of cells bearing the IgE BCR on their surface. To that aim we first tested the monoclonal anti-IgE antibody omalizumab for its ability to discriminate between IgE BCR and receptor-bound IgE using cells producing IgE or bearing IgE bound to CD23 as well as basophils exhibiting FcϵRI receptor-bound IgE. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrated that omalizumab recognized IgE producing cells with a high sensitivity of up to 1 IgE+ cell in 1000 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These results were confirmed by confocal microscopy both in cell suspensions as well as in nasal polyp tissue sections. Finally, we established a consecutive gating strategy allowing the clear identification of class-switched, allergen-specific IgE+ memory B cells and plasmablasts/plasma cells in human PBMCs. Birch pollen specific IgE+ memory B cells represented on average 0.734% of total CD19+ B cells in allergic patients after allergen exposure. Thus, we developed a new protocol for exclusive staining of non-receptor bound allergen-specific IgE+ B cell subsets in human samples.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens/immunology
- Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigens, CD19/metabolism
- Antigens, Plant/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Betula/immunology
- Cell Separation
- Epitopes
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Class Switching
- Immunoglobulin E/metabolism
- Immunologic Memory
- Omalizumab/therapeutic use
- Pollen/immunology
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, IgE/metabolism
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zghaebi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Byazrova
- National Research Centre (NRC) Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nicholas J. Campion
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Stanek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aldine Tu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Filatov
- National Research Centre (NRC) Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Musa Khaitov
- National Research Centre (NRC) Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Immunology Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Julia Eckl-Dorna,
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- National Research Centre (NRC) Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
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9
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Newman R, Tolar P. Chronic calcium signaling in IgE + B cells limits plasma cell differentiation and survival. Immunity 2021; 54:2756-2771.e10. [PMID: 34879220 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to other antibody isotypes, B cells switched to IgE respond transiently and do not give rise to long-lived plasma cells (PCs) or memory B cells. To better understand IgE-BCR-mediated control of IgE responses, we developed whole-genome CRISPR screening that enabled comparison of IgE+ and IgG1+ B cell requirements for proliferation, survival, and differentiation into PCs. IgE+ PCs exhibited dependency on the PI3K-mTOR axis that increased protein amounts of the transcription factor IRF4. In contrast, loss of components of the calcium-calcineurin-NFAT pathway promoted IgE+ PC differentiation. Mice bearing a B cell-specific deletion of calcineurin B1 exhibited increased production of IgE+ PCs. Mechanistically, sustained elevation of intracellular calcium in IgE+ PCs downstream of the IgE-BCR promoted BCL2L11-dependent apoptosis. Thus, chronic calcium signaling downstream of the IgE-BCR controls the self-limiting character of IgE responses and may be relevant to the accumulation of IgE-producing cells in allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Newman
- Immune Receptor Activation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Pavel Tolar
- Immune Receptor Activation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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10
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Xia J, Fan H, Yang J, Song T, Pang L, Deng H, Ren Z, Deng J. Research progress on diarrhoea and its mechanism in weaned piglets fed a high-protein diet. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:1277-1287. [PMID: 34719816 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In order to pursue faster growth and development of weaned piglets, increased dietary protein (CP) levels were favoured by the pig industry and the feed industry. The digestive organs of piglets were not fully developed at weaning, and the digestive absorption capacity of protein was limited. High-protein diets can cause allergic reactions in piglets, destroy intestinal structural integrity, reduce immunity, and cause intestinal flora imbalance. Undigested proteins were prone to produce toxic substances, such as ammonia and biogenic amines, after fermentation in the hindgut, which negatively affects the health of the intestine and eventually causes reduced growth performance and diarrhoea in piglets. This review revealed the mechanism of diarrhoea caused by high-protein diets in weaned piglets and provided ideas for preventing diarrhoea in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangying Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoyue Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ju Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianhao Song
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianfeng Pang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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11
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Köppert S, Wolf C, Becza N, Sautto GA, Franke F, Kuerten S, Ross TM, Lehmann PV, Kirchenbaum GA. Affinity Tag Coating Enables Reliable Detection of Antigen-Specific B Cells in Immunospot Assays. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081843. [PMID: 34440612 PMCID: PMC8394687 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious agents is typically restricted to detecting antigen-specific antibodies in the serum. Rarely does immune monitoring entail assessment of the memory B-cell compartment itself, although it is these cells that engage in secondary antibody responses capable of mediating immune protection when pre-existing antibodies fail to prevent re-infection. There are few techniques that are capable of detecting rare antigen-specific B cells while also providing information regarding their relative abundance, class/subclass usage and functional affinity. In theory, the ELISPOT/FluoroSpot (collectively ImmunoSpot) assay platform is ideally suited for antigen-specific B-cell assessments since it provides this information at single-cell resolution for individual antibody-secreting cells (ASC). Here, we tested the hypothesis that antigen-coating efficiency could be universally improved across a diverse set of viral antigens if the standard direct (non-specific, low affinity) antigen absorption to the membrane was substituted by high-affinity capture. Specifically, we report an enhancement in assay sensitivity and a reduction in required protein concentrations through the capture of recombinant proteins via their encoded hexahistidine (6XHis) affinity tag. Affinity tag antigen coating enabled detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor binding domain (RBD)-reactive ASC, and also significantly improved assay performance using additional control antigens. Collectively, establishment of a universal antigen-coating approach streamlines characterization of the memory B-cell compartment after SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccinations, and facilitates high-throughput immune-monitoring efforts of large donor cohorts in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Köppert
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Carla Wolf
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Noémi Becza
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
| | - Giuseppe A. Sautto
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (G.A.S.); (T.M.R.)
| | - Fridolin Franke
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (G.A.S.); (T.M.R.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Paul V. Lehmann
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
| | - Greg A. Kirchenbaum
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(216)-791-5084
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12
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Abstract
CpG Oligonucleotides (ODN) are immunomodulatory synthetic oligonucleotides specifically designed to stimulate Toll-like receptor 9. TLR9 is expressed on human plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells and triggers an innate immune response characterized by the production of Th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This chapter reviews recent progress in understanding the mechanism of action of CpG ODN and provides an overview of human clinical trial results using CpG ODN to improve vaccines for the prevention/treatment of cancer, allergy, and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dennis M Klinman
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA.
- Leitman Klinman Consulting, Potomac, MD, USA.
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13
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Versteegen P, Valente Pinto M, Barkoff AM, van Gageldonk PGM, van de Kassteele J, van Houten MA, Sanders EAM, de Groot R, Diavatopoulos DA, Bibi S, Luoto R, He Q, Buisman AM, Kelly DF, Mertsola J, Berbers GAM. Responses to an acellular pertussis booster vaccination in children, adolescents, and young and older adults: A collaborative study in Finland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. EBioMedicine 2021; 65:103247. [PMID: 33647770 PMCID: PMC7920834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pertussis can lead to serious disease and even death
in infants. Older adults are more vulnerable to complications as well. In
high-income countries, acellular pertussis vaccines are used for priming
vaccination. In the administration of booster vaccinations to different age
groups and target populations there is a substantial between-country variation.
We investigated the effect of age on the response to acellular pertussis booster
vaccination in three European countries. Methods This phase IV longitudinal intervention study
performed in Finland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom between October
2017 and January 2019 compared the vaccine responses between healthy
participants of four age groups: children (7–10y), adolescents (11–15y), young
adults (20–34y), and older adults (60–70y). All participants received a
three-component acellular pertussis vaccine. Serum IgG and IgA antibody
concentrations to pertussis antigens at day 0, 28, and 1 year were measured with
a multiplex immunoassay, using pertussis toxin concentrations at day 28 as
primary outcome. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrialsRegister.eu
(2016–003,678–42). Findings Children (n = 109), adolescents
(n = 121), young adults
(n = 74), and older adults
(n = 75) showed high IgG antibody concentrations to
pertussis toxin at day 28 with GMCs of 147 (95% CI 120–181), 161 (95% CI
132–196), 103 (95% CI 80–133), and 121 IU/ml (95% CI 94–155), respectively. A
significant increase in GMCs for vaccine antigens in all age groups by 28 days
was found which had decreased by 1 year. Differences in patterns of IgG GMCs at
28 days and 1 year post-vaccination did not have a consistent relationship to
age. In contrast, IgA antibodies for all antigens increased with age at all
timepoints. Interpretation Acellular pertussis booster vaccination induces
significant serum IgG responses to pertussis antigens across the age range which
are not uniformly less in older adults. Acellular boosters could be considered
for older adults to reduce the health and economic burden of
pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Versteegen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven 3720 BA, Netherlands
| | - Marta Valente Pinto
- University of Oxford, Department of Paediatrics, Oxford Vaccine Group, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
| | - Alex M Barkoff
- University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Pieter G M van Gageldonk
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven 3720 BA, Netherlands
| | - Jan van de Kassteele
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven 3720 BA, Netherlands
| | | | - Elisabeth A M Sanders
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven 3720 BA, Netherlands; Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Groot
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Dimitri A Diavatopoulos
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Sagida Bibi
- University of Oxford, Department of Paediatrics, Oxford Vaccine Group, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
| | - Raakel Luoto
- University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Qiushui He
- University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Anne-Marie Buisman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven 3720 BA, Netherlands
| | - Dominic F Kelly
- University of Oxford, Department of Paediatrics, Oxford Vaccine Group, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Jussi Mertsola
- University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Guy A M Berbers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven 3720 BA, Netherlands.
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14
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Emara AM, Alrasheedi KA, Alrashidi SD, Elgharabawy RM. Effect of inhaled anesthetic gases on immune status alterations in health care workers. J Immunotoxicol 2021; 18:13-22. [PMID: 33616475 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2020.1869872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate consequences to the immune system of long-term exposure to waste anesthetic gases (WAG) by medical theater personnel. Two groups were recruited: (i) 60 healthy male controls; (ii) 120 medical professionals exposed to WAG, subdivided according to theater role, i.e. surgeons, surgical assistants (SA), anesthetists, anesthetic assistants (AA), nurses, and workers. Serum levels of fluoride, hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), total lymphocyte counts, as well as of CD3, CD4, and CD8 cells, CD4/CD8 ratios, and immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgE were assayed. The results showed that fluoride and HFIP titers were significantly increased in anesthetists and AA compared with the other exposed groups. All exposed groups demonstrated significant elevation in lymphocyte count, CD4+ cell levels, CD4/CD8 ratios, as well as levels of IgE, IgM and IgG compared with the controls. With regard to the latter outcomes, a significant increase in IgE was seen in the surgeon, nurse, and worker groups compared with the other professions. Surgeons, anesthetists and AA exhibited higher IgM titers compared with their colleagues. Significantly higher IgG levels were identified in the SA, anesthetists, AA, and workers than in their nurses and surgeon coworkers. Of the six sub-groups, only the anesthetists and their assistants (AA) displayed a significant increase in CD4+ cells and CD4/CD8 ratios and a decrease of CD8+ cells compared with the controls. This spectrum of results suggests that variation exists in immunomodulatory responses to WAG exposure amongst hospital personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Mahmoud Emara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Salha Dihim Alrashidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Mohamed Elgharabawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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15
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King HW, Orban N, Riches JC, Clear AJ, Warnes G, Teichmann SA, James LK. Single-cell analysis of human B cell maturation predicts how antibody class switching shapes selection dynamics. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/56/eabe6291. [PMID: 33579751 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe6291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protective humoral memory forms in secondary lymphoid organs where B cells undergo affinity maturation and differentiation into memory or plasma cells. Here, we provide a comprehensive roadmap of human B cell maturation with single-cell transcriptomics matched with bulk and single-cell antibody repertoires to define gene expression, antibody repertoires, and clonal sharing of B cell states at single-cell resolution, including memory B cell heterogeneity that reflects diverse functional and signaling states. We reconstruct gene expression dynamics during B cell activation to reveal a pre-germinal center state primed to undergo class switch recombination and dissect how antibody class-dependent gene expression in germinal center and memory B cells is linked with a distinct transcriptional wiring with potential to influence their fate and function. Our analyses reveal the dynamic cellular states that shape human B cell-mediated immunity and highlight how antibody isotype may play a role during their antibody-based selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish W King
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK. .,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nara Orban
- Barts Health Ear, Nose and Throat Service, Royal London Hospital, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - John C Riches
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andrew J Clear
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Gary Warnes
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.,Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0EH, UK
| | - Louisa K James
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.
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16
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Moroney JB, Vasudev A, Pertsemlidis A, Zan H, Casali P. Integrative transcriptome and chromatin landscape analysis reveals distinct epigenetic regulations in human memory B cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5435. [PMID: 33116135 PMCID: PMC7595102 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) are long-lived and produce high-affinity, generally, class-switched antibodies. Here, we use a multiparameter approach involving CD27 to segregate naïve B cells (NBC), IgD+ unswitched (unsw)MBCs and IgG+ or IgA+ class-switched (sw)MBCs from humans of different age, sex and race. Conserved antibody variable gene expression indicates that MBCs emerge through unbiased selection from NBCs. Integrative analyses of mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, chromatin accessibility and cis-regulatory elements uncover a core mRNA-ncRNA transcriptional signature shared by IgG+ and IgA+ swMBCs and distinct from NBCs, while unswMBCs display a transitional transcriptome. Some swMBC transcriptional signature loci are accessible but not expressed in NBCs. Profiling miRNAs reveals downregulated MIR181, and concomitantly upregulated MIR181 target genes such as RASSF6, TOX, TRERF1, TRPV3 and RORα, in swMBCs. Finally, lncRNAs differentially expressed in swMBCs cluster proximal to the IgH chain locus on chromosome 14. Our findings thus provide new insights into MBC transcriptional programs and epigenetic regulation, opening new investigative avenues on these critical cell elements in human health and disease. Human memory B cells differentiate from naïve B cells and can express different immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes resulted from class-switch recombination. Here the authors describe, using transcriptional and epigenetic data from human memory B cells and integrated multi-omics analyses, the differentiation regulation and trajectory of IgG+, IgA+ and IgD+ memory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Moroney
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Anusha Vasudev
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Alexander Pertsemlidis
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Hong Zan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Paolo Casali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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17
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Salunkhe S, Vaidya T. CD40-miRNA axis controls prospective cell fate determinants during B cell differentiation. Mol Immunol 2020; 126:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Quantitative trait loci and genes associated with salmonid alphavirus load in Atlantic salmon: implications for pancreas disease resistance and tolerance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10393. [PMID: 32587341 PMCID: PMC7316828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonid alphavirus infection results in pancreas disease causing severe economic losses for Atlantic salmon aquaculture. Knowledge about genes and pathways contributing to resistance is limited. A 54 K SNP panel was used to genotype 10 full-sibling families each consisting of ~ 110 offspring challenged with salmonid alphavirus subtype 3. Relative heart viral load was assessed at 4- and 10-weeks post-infection using quantitative PCR. A moderate genomic heritability of viral load at 4 weeks (0.15–0.21) and a high positive correlation with survival (0.91–0.98) were detected. Positions of QTL detected on chromosome 3 matched those for survival detected by other studies. The SNP of highest significance occurred in the 3′ untranslated region of gig1, a fish-specific antiviral effector. Locus B of immunoglobulin heavy chain mapped to an area containing multiple SNPs with genome-wide association. Heart mRNA-seq comparing parr from families with high- versus low-genomic breeding value, and matching sample genotypes for SNPs, identified two eQTL for salmonid alphavirus load. Immune genes associated with trans-eQTL were numerous and spread throughout the genome. QTL regions contained several genes with known or predicted immune functions, some differentially expressed. The putative functional genes and variants identified could help improve marker-based selection for pancreas disease resistance.
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19
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Xu C, Wan Z, Shaheen S, Wang J, Yang Z, Liu W. A PI(4,5)P2-derived "gasoline engine model" for the sustained B cell receptor activation. Immunol Rev 2020; 291:75-90. [PMID: 31402506 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To efficiently initiate activation responses against rare ligands in the microenvironment, lymphocytes employ sophisticated mechanisms involving signaling amplification. Recently, a signaling amplification mechanism initiated from phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4, 5-biphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] hydrolysis and synthesis for sustained B cell activation has been reported. Antigen and B cell receptor (BCR) recognition triggered the prompt reduction of PI(4,5)P2 density within the BCR microclusters, which led to the positive feedback for the synthesis of PI(4,5)P2 outside of the BCR microclusters. At single molecule level, the diffusion of PI(4,5)P2 was slow, allowing for the maintenance of a PI(4,5)P2 density gradient between the inside and outside of the BCR microclusters and the persistent supply of PI(4,5)P2 from outside to inside of the BCR microclusters. Here, we review studies that have contributed to uncovering the molecular mechanisms of PI(4,5)P2-derived signaling amplification model. Based on these studies, we proposed a "gasoline engine model" in which the activation of B cell signaling inside the microclusters is similar to the working principle of burning gasoline within the engine chamber of a gasoline engine. We also discuss the evidences showing the potential universality of this model and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Xu
- Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Samina Shaheen
- Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Wanli Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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20
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Weill JC, Reynaud CA. IgM memory B cells: specific effectors of innate-like and adaptive responses. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 63:1-6. [PMID: 31639539 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-experienced IgM+ B cells with mutated V genes have emerged as important effectors of both adaptive and innate-like immune responses. While their precise role in recall responses appear to differ according to the nature of the immunogen or the infectious agent, they are able to achieve rapid plasma cell differentiation, germinal center re-initiation, as well as IgM and IgG memory pool replenishment, which establishes them as multi-lineage precursors of the various functional memory subsets. For innate-like responses, recent data have shown that activation by gut commensals is able to generate, both in mice and humans, a systemic IgM+ population with specificity against glycan epitopes, which displays broad cross-reactivity towards multiple micro-organisms, and ensures a first line of defense against systemic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Weill
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, 156 rue de Vaugirard, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France.
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, 156 rue de Vaugirard, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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21
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The regulators of BCR signaling during B cell activation. BLOOD SCIENCE 2019; 1:119-129. [PMID: 35402811 PMCID: PMC8975005 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes produce antibodies under the stimulation of specific antigens, thereby exerting an immune effect. B cells identify antigens by their surface B cell receptor (BCR), which upon stimulation, directs the cell to activate and differentiate into antibody generating plasma cells. Activation of B cells via their BCRs involves signaling pathways that are tightly controlled by various regulators. In this review, we will discuss three major BCR mediated signaling pathways (the PLC-γ2 pathway, PI3K pathway and MAPK pathway) and related regulators, which were roughly divided into positive, negative and mutual-balanced regulators, and the specific regulators of the specific signaling pathway based on regulatory effects.
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Saunders SP, Ma EGM, Aranda CJ, Curotto de Lafaille MA. Non-classical B Cell Memory of Allergic IgE Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:715. [PMID: 31105687 PMCID: PMC6498404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term effectiveness of antibody responses relies on the development of humoral immune memory. Humoral immunity is maintained by long-lived plasma cells that secrete antigen-specific antibodies, and memory B cells that rapidly respond to antigen re-exposure by generating new plasma cells and memory B cells. Developing effective immunological memory is essential for protection against pathogens, and is the basis of successful vaccinations. IgE responses have evolved for protection against helminth parasites infections and against toxins, but IgE is also a potent mediator of allergic diseases. There has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of allergic diseases in recent decades and this has provided the impetus to study the nature of IgE antibody responses. As will be discussed in depth in this review, the IgE memory response has unique features that distinguish it from classical B cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Saunders
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Laboratory of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erica G M Ma
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Laboratory of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carlos J Aranda
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Laboratory of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria A Curotto de Lafaille
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Laboratory of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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23
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van der Lugt B, van Beek AA, Aalvink S, Meijer B, Sovran B, Vermeij WP, Brandt RMC, de Vos WM, Savelkoul HFJ, Steegenga WT, Belzer C. Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates the age-related decline in colonic mucus thickness and attenuates immune activation in accelerated aging Ercc1 -/Δ7 mice. Immun Ageing 2019; 16:6. [PMID: 30899315 PMCID: PMC6408808 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-019-0145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of Akkermansia muciniphila as potential therapeutic intervention is receiving increasing attention. Health benefits attributed to this bacterium include an improvement of metabolic disorders and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. The abundance of A. muciniphila is associated with a healthy gut in early mid- and later life. However, the effects of A. muciniphila on a decline in intestinal health during the aging process are not investigated yet. We supplemented accelerated aging Ercc1 -/Δ7 mice with A. muciniphila for 10 weeks and investigated histological, transcriptional and immunological aspects of intestinal health. RESULTS The thickness of the colonic mucus layer increased about 3-fold after long-term A. muciniphila supplementation and was even significantly thicker compared to mice supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. Colonic gene expression profiles pointed towards a decreased expression of genes and pathways related to inflammation and immune function, and suggested a decreased presence of B cells in colon. Total B cell frequencies in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were not altered after A. muciniphila supplementation. Mature and immature B cell frequencies in bone marrow were increased, whereas B cell precursors were unaffected. These findings implicate that B cell migration rather than production was affected by A. muciniphila supplementation. Gene expression profiles in ileum pointed toward a decrease in metabolic- and immune-related processes and antimicrobial peptide production after A. muciniphila supplementation. Besides, A. muciniphila decreased the frequency of activated CD80+CD273- B cells in Peyer's patches. Additionally, the increased numbers of peritoneal resident macrophages and a decrease in Ly6Cint monocyte frequencies in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes add evidence for the potentially anti-inflammatory properties of A. muciniphila. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, we show that supplementation with A. muciniphila prevented the age-related decline in thickness of the colonic mucus layer and attenuated inflammation and immune-related processes at old age. This study implies that A. muciniphila supplementation can contribute to a promotion of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benthe van der Lugt
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A. van Beek
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Aalvink
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Meijer
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Sovran
- Host Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert P. Vermeij
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renata M. C. Brandt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Immunobiology Research Programme, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma T. Steegenga
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Tagliacarne SC, Valsecchi C, Benazzo M, Nichelatti M, Marseglia A, Ciprandi G, Bernasconi S. Low-dose multicomponent medication modulates humoral and cellular immune response in an ex-vivo study on children subjected to adenoid surgery. Immunol Lett 2018; 203:95-101. [PMID: 30261195 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infections, mainly in children, are a demanding challenge for physicians. Commonly, a relative immune-defect sustains their recurrence. At present, there is no standardized treatment for their prevention acting on the immune system. Citomix is a low-dose multicomponent medication largely used in this issue. The current study evaluated its ex vivo effect on adenoidal mononuclear cells recovered from children operated for adenoid hypertrophy. B cell phenotype, and IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, IgG, IgA, IgM in culture supernatants were evaluated. Citomix was able to significantly increase the expression of B memory cells, IFN-γ, IL-6, IgA and IgM, and significantly decrease IL-10 and IgG. The current outcomes could be consistent with a strategy deputed to improve the early immune response to pathogens. In conclusion, the present ex vivo study suggests that Citomix might be a promising medication in preventing and early treating respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carlotta Tagliacarne
- Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Valsecchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Benazzo
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Nichelatti
- Service of Biostatistics Hematology Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ciprandi
- Department of Medicine, IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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25
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Agrawal S, Abud EM, Snigdha S, Agrawal A. IgM response against amyloid-beta in aging: a potential peripheral protective mechanism. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:81. [PMID: 30115117 PMCID: PMC6097437 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system plays a major role in the pathogenesis of age-related dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). An insight into age-associated changes in the immune response to amyloid-beta (Aβ) in individuals without AD may be beneficial in identifying mechanisms preventing accumulation of Aβ. METHODS We examined the response of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy aged and young subjects to Aβ peptide 1-42, Aβ fibrils, and recombinant, nonaggregated tau-4 protein with a view to understand the role of peripheral immunity in AD. RESULTS Our studies revealed that DCs from healthy aged subjects display weak reactivity towards the Aβ peptide and no reactivity towards Aβ fibrils and tau compared with their young counterparts. An analysis of old and young PBMCs revealed that there is no significant T-cell memory against Aβ peptide, fibrils, or tau. Remarkably, the plasma levels of IgM antibodies specific to Aβ peptide 1-42 were significantly increased in aged subjects compared with young subjects, while IgG levels were comparable. Aβ peptide-specific IgM and IgG levels were also determined in the plasma of AD subjects compared with age-matched controls to demonstrate that the immune response against Aβ is stronger in AD patients. A decline in Aβ peptide-specific IgM antibodies was observed in AD patients compared with age-matched controls. In contrast, the levels of IgG as well as interleukin-21, the major cytokine involved in class switching, were increased in AD and patients with mild cognitive impairment, indicating a strong immune response against Aβ. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, low immunogenicity of Aβ in healthy controls may prevent inflammation while the generation of specific IgM antibodies may help in the clearance of Aβ in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Edsel M Abud
- UCI-MIND, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Shikha Snigdha
- UCI-MIND, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Homann
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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