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Durey A, Naylor N, Slack-Smith L. Inequalities between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians seen through the lens of oral health: time to change focus. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220294. [PMID: 37381845 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inequitable social environments can illustrate changes needed in the social structure to generate more equitable social relations and behaviour. In Australia, British colonization left an intergenerational legacy of racism against Aboriginal people, who are disadvantaged across various social indicators including oral health. Aboriginal Australian children have poorer health outcomes with twice the rate of dental caries as non-Aboriginal children. Our research suggests structural factors outside individual control, including access to and cost of dental services and discrimination from service providers, prevent many Aboriginal families from making optimum oral health decisions, including returning to services. Nader's concept of 'studying up' redirects the lens onto powerful institutions and governing bodies to account for their role in undermining good health outcomes, indicating changes needed in the social structure to improve equality. Policymakers and health providers can critically reflect on structural advantages accorded to whiteness in a colonized country, where power and privilege that often go unnoticed and unexamined by those who benefit incur disadvantages to Aboriginal Australians, as reflected in inequitable oral health outcomes. This approach disrupts the discourse placing Aboriginal people at the centre of the problem. Instead, refocusing the lens onto structural factors will show how those factors can compromise rather than improve health outcomes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolutionary ecology of inequality'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Durey
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Nola Naylor
- Aboriginal Health Strategy, Clinical Service Planning & Population Health, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Linda Slack-Smith
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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da Rocha Gomes Benelli K, Chaffee BW, Kramer PF, Knorst JK, Ardenghi TM, Feldens CA. Pattern of caries lesions and oral health-related quality of life throughout early childhood: A birth cohort study. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12889. [PMID: 35917322 PMCID: PMC9845073 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different patterns of dental caries on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) throughout early childhood. This birth cohort study followed 277 children from southern Brazil for 6 years. Demographic and socioeconomic variables were collected at birth. At age 3 years, children's dental caries experience was quantified by the decayed, missing, or filled teeth (dmft) index. At age 6 years, parents answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Poisson regression models were used to estimate associations between caries experience and later OHRQoL, presented as the ratio of ECOHIS scores between the groups. The prevalence of dental caries at 3 years of age was 37.5%. In children with caries, lesions only in anterior teeth, only in posterior teeth, and in both dental segments at age 3 were associated with age 6 ECOHIS scores that were 2.7, 7.8, and 6.2 times higher, respectively, than in children without dental caries experience. OHRQoL was worse among children with higher dmft scores. Dental caries lesions in posterior teeth by age 3 years was strongly predictive of adverse impacts on later OHRQoL, presumably as an indicator of continued disease experience in the intervening years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin W. Chaffee
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Paulo Floriani Kramer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jessica Klöckner Knorst
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Butler CA, Adams GG, Blum J, Byrne SJ, Carpenter L, Gussy MG, Calache H, Catmull DV, Reynolds EC, Dashper SG. Breastmilk influences development and composition of the oral microbiome. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2096287. [PMID: 35832839 PMCID: PMC9272919 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2096287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human microbiomes assemble in an ordered, reproducible manner yet there is limited information about early colonisation and development of bacterial communities that constitute the oral microbiome. Aim The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exposure to breastmilk on assembly of the infant oral microbiome during the first 20 months of life. Methods The oral microbiomes of 39 infants, 13 who were never breastfed and 26 who were breastfed for more than 10 months, from the longitudinal VicGeneration birth cohort study, were determined at four ages. In total, 519 bacterial taxa were identified and quantified in saliva by sequencing the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Results There were significant differences in the development of the oral microbiomes of never breastfed and breastfed infants. Bacterial diversity was significantly higher in never breastfed infants at 2 months, due largely to an increased abundance of Veillonella and species from the Bacteroidetes phylum compared with breastfed infants. Conclusion These differences likely reflect breastmilk playing a prebiotic role in selection of early-colonising, health-associated oral bacteria, such as the Streptococcus mitis group. The microbiomes of both groups became more heterogenous following the introduction of solid foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Butler
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
| | - Geoffrey G. Adams
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
| | - Jordan Blum
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
| | - Samantha J. Byrne
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
| | - Lauren Carpenter
- Child and Community Wellbeing Unit, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
| | - Mark G. Gussy
- Lincoln International Institute for Rural Health, College of Social Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Hanny Calache
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Vic, Australia
| | - Deanne V. Catmull
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
| | - Eric C. Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
| | - Stuart G. Dashper
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
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Blum J, Silva M, Byrne SJ, Butler CA, Adams GG, Reynolds EC, Dashper SG. Temporal development of the infant oral microbiome. Crit Rev Microbiol 2022; 48:730-742. [PMID: 35015598 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.2025042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human oral microbiome is becoming recognized as playing roles in health and disease well beyond the oral cavity over the lifetime of the individual. The oral microbiome is hypothesized to result from specific colonization events followed by a reproducible and ordered development of complex bacterial communities. Colonization events, proliferation, succession and subsequent community development are dependent on a range of host and environmental factors, most notably the neonate diet. It is now becoming apparent that early childhood and prenatal influences can have long term effects on the development of human oral microbiomes. In this review, the temporal development of the infant human oral microbiome is examined, with the effects of prenatal and postnatal influences and the roles of specific bacteria. Dietary and environmental factors, especially breastfeeding, have a significant influence on the development of the infant oral microbiome. The evidence available regarding the roles and functions of early colonizing bacteria is still limited, and gaps in knowledge where further research is needed to elucidate these specific roles in relation to health and disease still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Blum
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Mihiri Silva
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Samantha J Byrne
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Catherine A Butler
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Geoffrey G Adams
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Stuart G Dashper
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
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Andrew L, Wallace R, Wickens N, Patel J. Early childhood caries, primary caregiver oral health knowledge and behaviours and associated sociological factors in Australia: a systematic scoping review. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:521. [PMID: 34645446 PMCID: PMC8513214 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood caries disproportionately affects vulnerable groups and remains a leading cause of preventable hospital admissions for Western Australian children. The Western Australia State Oral Health Plan seeks to improve child oral health through universal and targeted health promotion initiatives with primary caregivers. These initiatives require evidence of primary caregiver oral health knowledge and behaviours and baseline data on early childhood caries. The objective of this systematic scoping review was to understand current oral health knowledge and practices of primary caregivers of children aged 0-4 years, identify influential socioecological determinants, and identify data on early childhood caries in the Western Australian context. METHODS A systematic scoping review framework identified articles published between 2010 and 2021, using Scopus, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, selected article reference lists, and oral health websites. The lack of Western Australian specific literature prompted the inclusion of Australia-wide articles. Articles were screened via author consensus, with eight selected. RESULTS Western Australia and nation-wide data on early childhood caries are limited and mostly dated. WA data from children aged 2-3 years, collected in 2006, suggests the prevalence is 2.9% in this state, with national data of children from 0 to 3 years, collected from 2006 and 2008, suggesting an early childhood caries prevalence of 3.4-8% of children aged 18 months, rising sharply by 36 months of age. Nationally, fewer than half the primary caregivers reported following evidence-based oral health recommendations for their young children. Perceptions of the role of dental services for young children tends to be focussed on treatment, rather than surveillance and prevention. Knowledge of dietary and oral hygiene practices is inconsistent and awareness of the Child Dental Benefit Schedule low. Young children's oral health status is clearly associated with socioecological factors, including socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS Recent early childhood caries data and evidence of primary care-givers' oral health knowledge and behaviours are unavailable in Western Australia, a similar situation exists nationwide. To realise the Western Australian and National Oral Health Plans, research is required to address this knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Andrew
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Ruth Wallace
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Nicole Wickens
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Jilen Patel
- Dental School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Tannous KW, George A, Ahmed MU, Blinkhorn A, Dahlen HG, Skinner J, Ajwani S, Bhole S, Yaacoub A, Srinivas R, Johnson M. Economic evaluation of the Midwifery Initiated Oral Health-Dental Service programme in Australia. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047072. [PMID: 34341045 PMCID: PMC8330572 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To critically evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the Midwifery Initiated Oral Health-Dental Service (MIOH-DS) designed to improve oral health of pregnant Australian women. Previous efficacy and process evaluations of MIOH-DS showed positive outcomes and improvements across various measures. DESIGN AND SETTING The evaluation used a cost-utility model based on the initial study design of the MIOH-DS trial in Sydney, Australia from the perspective of public healthcare provider for a duration of 3 months to 4 years. PARTICIPANTS Data were sourced from pregnant women (n=638), midwives (n=17) and dentists (n=3) involved in the MIOH trial and long-term follow-up. COST MEASURES Data included in analysis were the cost of the time required by midwives and dentists to deliver the intervention and the cost of dental treatment provided. Costs were measured using data on utilisation and unit price of intervention components and obtained from a micro-costing approach. OUTCOME MEASURES Utility was measured as the number of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) from health-benefit components of the intervention. Three cost-effectiveness analyses were undertaken using different comparators, thresholds and time scenarios. RESULTS Compared with current practice, midwives only intervention meets the Australian threshold (A$50 000) of being cost-effective. The midwives and accessible/affordable dentists joint intervention was only 'cost-effective' in 6 months or beyond scenarios. When the midwife only intervention is the comparator, the midwife/dentist programme was 'cost-effective' in all scenarios except at 3 months scenario. CONCLUSIONS The midwives' only intervention providing oral health education, assessment and referral to existing dental services was cost-effective, and represents a low cost intervention. Midwives' and dentists' combined interventions were cost-effective when the benefits were considered over longer periods. The findings highlight short and long term economic benefits of the programme and support the need for policymakers to consider adding an oral health component into antenatal care Australia wide. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12612001271897; Post-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy W Tannous
- Translational Health Research Institute, Digital Health Cooperative Research Centre, Economics, Finance and Property, School of Business, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ajesh George
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes & Research Translation (COHORT), Western Sydney University, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Moin Uddin Ahmed
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Blinkhorn
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hannah G Dahlen
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Skinner
- Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shilpi Ajwani
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Oral Health Services and Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sameer Bhole
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Oral Health Services and Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Albert Yaacoub
- Oral Health Services, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ravi Srinivas
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes & Research Translation (COHORT), Western Sydney University, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Oral Health Services, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maree Johnson
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Nutrition and oral health in early childhood: associations with formal and informal childcare. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:1438-1448. [PMID: 32718367 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020001676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between childcare type and nutrition and oral health indicators. DESIGN Cross-sectional data extracted from a longitudinal birth cohort. Parent-completed FFQ and questions regarding oral health and childcare use. The associations between childcare type, classified into four groups: parent care only (PCO), formal childcare only (FCO), informal childcare only (ICO) or combination of care (F&I), and nutrition and oral health indicators were examined. SETTING Home and childcare. PARTICIPANTS Families with children aged 3 years (n 273) and 4 years (n 249) in Victoria, Australia. RESULTS No associations were observed between childcare type and core food/beverage consumption or oral health indicators. For discretionary beverages, compared with children receiving PCO at age 3 years, children in FCO or F&I were less likely to frequently consume fruit juice/drinks (FCO: adjusted OR (AOR) 0·41, 95 % CI 0·17, 0·96, P = 0·04; F&I: AOR 0·32, 95 % CI 0·14, 0·74, P = 0·008). At age 4 years, children receiving FCO or ICO were less likely to consume sweet beverages frequently compared with children receiving PCO: fruit juice/drink (ICO: AOR 0·42, 95 % CI 0·19, 0·94, P = 0·03; FCO: AOR 0·35, 95 % CI 0·14, 0·88, P = 0·03) and soft drink (ICO: AOR 0·23, 95 % CI 0·07, 0·74, P = 0·01; FCO: AOR 0·14, 95 % CI 0·03, 0·76, P = 0·02). CONCLUSIONS Associations between childcare type and discretionary beverage intake were observed. Investigation into knowledge, attitudes and activities in formal and informal childcare settings is required to explore different health promotion practices that may influence nutrition and oral health.
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Dickson-Swift V, Kenny A, Gussy M, McCarthy C, Bracksley-O’Grady S. The knowledge and practice of pediatricians in children's oral health: a scoping review. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:211. [PMID: 32711481 PMCID: PMC7382799 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is a significant public health problem and one of the most common chronic conditions affecting children. The potential for the non-dental workforce to improve children's oral health is well documented. For well over a decade, there have been calls for pediatricians to address children's oral health, but the incorporation of oral health screening, referral, and oral healthcare in pediatric practice remains underdeveloped. Developing action to strengthen the role of pediatricians' in children's oral health requires an understanding of their current knowledge and practice. In this scoping review, we aimed to comprehensively map what is known about the knowledge and practice of pediatricians regarding children's oral health. METHODS Arksey & O'Malley's five-stage review process was used to comprehensively map studies undertaken on pediatrician's knowledge and practice regarding children's oral health. Key search terms were developed and a total of 42 eligible articles are included in the review. RESULTS The studies were conducted in 19 countries. The majority (41/42) were quantitative, with over 90% using self-reported surveys. Only four studies used previously validated survey tools, with most adapting questions from previous studies. Observational designs were used in two studies and one used qualitative methods. Sample size ranged from 15 to 862. Oral health knowledge amongst pediatricians was reported to be mostly poor, with many gaps in key areas including age for first dental visit, dental caries and oral health risk assessments. Studies on the translation of oral health knowledge to practice were limited, with wide variation in rates of assessment. Few studies assessed actual practice. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review highlights growing international interest in the role of pediatricians in children's oral health. Findings demonstrate that pediatricians have limited knowledge and understanding in critical areas, including; initial clinical signs of dental caries, recommended age for first dental visit, etiology of dental caries and recommended use of fluorides. Barriers for pediatricians include inadequate education and training, time constraints in practice and lack of referral pathways. Development of a validated tool to assess knowledge and practice is needed. This review provides a starting point to guide future research and areas for systematic reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Dickson-Swift
- Violet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, 3552 Australia
| | - Amanda Kenny
- Violet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, 3552 Australia
| | - Mark Gussy
- College of Social Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7TS UK
| | - Colleen McCarthy
- La Trobe Rural Health School, PO Box 199, Bendigo, Vic 3552 Australia
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Chattopadhyay A, Christian B, Masood M, Calache H, Carpenter L, Gibbs L, Gussy M. Natural history of dental caries: Baseline characteristics of the VicGen birth cohort study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:334-341. [PMID: 31850608 PMCID: PMC9292657 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life dental caries is a major global health problem. Children's first dental visit is recommended at 2 years age. The VicGeneration (VicGen) oral health birth cohort study aims to understand the multifactorial nature of early childhood caries. This report describes the baseline characteristics of children in the VicGen study. METHODS We merged data between the first (at birth) and fourth waves (18 month age) to assess dental caries among children (primary outcome) and other oral diseases (secondary outcomes) employing t tests, chi-square tests, Fisher's exact tests, and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests using IBM-SPSS(v25). RESULTS Most children lived in metros with two-parent families. Most guardians were women graduated from high school. Twenty-seven of 389 (6.94%) 18-month-old children experienced dental caries. More children living in rural areas (vs. urban) experienced caries. Females were more likely to experience caries (OR: 2.16). Several children had other oral health problems. In early life, children's oral examination was conducted by midwives, breastfeeding/lactation consultants, hospital nurses, speech pathologists, and breastfeeding clinic staff. CONCLUSION VicGen baseline characteristics show that almost 7% of the 18-month-old children experienced caries. There is a need to advance children's recommended first dental visit date and to train early-life healthcare professionals about oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chattopadhyay
- La Trobe Rural Health SchoolLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVICAustralia,School of Dental MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio,Manipal College of Dental SciencesMangaloreIndia,Quest Arete ScienceOklahoma CityOklahoma
| | | | - Mohd. Masood
- La Trobe Rural Health SchoolLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVICAustralia
| | - Hanny Calache
- La Trobe Rural Health SchoolLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVICAustralia,Deakin Health EconomicsCentre for Population Health ResearchFaculty of HealthDeakin UniversityBurwoodVICAustralia
| | - Lauren Carpenter
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing ProgramCentre for Health EquityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Lisa Gibbs
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing ProgramCentre for Health EquityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Mark Gussy
- La Trobe Rural Health SchoolLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVICAustralia
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A methodological study to assess the measurement properties (reliability and validity) of a caries risk assessment tool for young children. J Dent 2020; 95:103324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Temporal development of the oral microbiome and prediction of early childhood caries. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19732. [PMID: 31874981 PMCID: PMC6930300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Human microbiomes are predicted to assemble in a reproducible and ordered manner yet there is limited knowledge on the development of the complex bacterial communities that constitute the oral microbiome. The oral microbiome plays major roles in many oral diseases including early childhood caries (ECC), which afflicts up to 70% of children in some countries. Saliva contains oral bacteria that are indicative of the whole oral microbiome and may have the ability to reflect the dysbiosis in supragingival plaque communities that initiates the clinical manifestations of ECC. The aim of this study was to determine the assembly of the oral microbiome during the first four years of life and compare it with the clinical development of ECC. The oral microbiomes of 134 children enrolled in a birth cohort study were determined at six ages between two months and four years-of-age and their mother's oral microbiome was determined at a single time point. We identified and quantified 356 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of bacteria in saliva by sequencing the V4 region of the bacterial 16S RNA genes. Bacterial alpha diversity increased from a mean of 31 OTUs in the saliva of infants at 1.9 months-of-age to 84 OTUs at 39 months-of-age. The oral microbiome showed a distinct shift in composition as the children matured. The microbiome data were compared with the clinical development of ECC in the cohort at 39, 48, and 60 months-of-age as determined by ICDAS-II assessment. Streptococcus mutans was the most discriminatory oral bacterial species between health and current disease, with an increased abundance in disease. Overall our study demonstrates an ordered temporal development of the oral microbiome, describes a limited core oral microbiome and indicates that saliva testing of infants may help predict ECC risk.
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Koirala A, O'Connor E, Widmer R, Kilpatrick N, Goldfeld S. Oral health care: The experience of Australian paediatricians. J Paediatr Child Health 2019; 55:1374-1380. [PMID: 30868700 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Many Australian children have dental decay in their deciduous teeth. Poor oral health can negatively impact a child's ability to eat, speak, sleep and socialise, with adverse impacts later in life. Paediatricians are well placed to examine children's teeth and to provide advice and education about oral health. Using a sample of Australian paediatricians, we aimed to determine: (i) self-reported oral health knowledge and skills, (ii) frequency of office-based oral health-related discussions, (iii) perceived role of paediatricians and (iv) barriers to oral health-related discussions. METHODS Members of a national network of paediatricians - the Australian Paediatric Research Network - completed a multi-topic survey, which included questions designed to assess oral health knowledge, current practice and barriers to oral health-related discussions. RESULTS Of 430 active members, 178 (41%) completed the survey. Few paediatricians reported very good/excellent ability to assess plaque build-up (8%) and dental caries (17%). Only 10% reported broaching the issue of oral health with all patients. Significant barriers included lack of professional training (52%) and other more pressing issues needing to be addressed (67%). CONCLUSIONS The increasing (and inequitable) rates of dental decay in Australian children mean that paediatricians should play a key role in the management of children's oral health. Many paediatricians reported a lack of specific training in oral health and limited ability to assess children and educate families. Despite the traditional divide between medicine and oral health, this study highlights the opportunity for Australian paediatricians to improve oral health through early intervention in the consultation room and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Koirala
- National Centre of Immunisation Research and Surveillance, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Women and Children, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elodie O'Connor
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Widmer
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicky Kilpatrick
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Plastic Surgery Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon Goldfeld
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Heilbrunn-Lang AY, Carpenter LM, de Silva AM, Meyenn LK, Lang G, Ridge A, Perry A, Cole D, Hegde S. Family-centred oral health promotion through Victorian child-health services: a pilot. Health Promot Int 2019; 35:279-289. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Maternal and Child Health Services (MCHS) provide ideal settings for oral disease prevention. In Victoria (Australia), child mouth-checks (Lift-the-Lip) and oral health promotion (OHP) occur during MCHS child visits. This study trialled Tooth-Packs (OHP resources, toothbrushes, toothpastes) distribution within MCHS to (i) assess the impacts of Tooth-Packs distribution on child and family oral health (OH) behaviours and knowledge, including Maternal and Child Health Nurses (MCHN) child referral practices to dental services, and (ii) determine the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating Tooth-Packs distribution into MCHN OHP practices. A mixed-methods evaluation design was employed. MCHN from four high-needs Victorian Local Government Areas distributed Tooth-Packs to families of children attending 18-month and/or 24-month MCHS visits (baseline). Families completed a questionnaire on OH and dietary practices at baseline and 30-month follow-up. Tooth-Packs distribution, Lift-the-lip mouth-checks and child OH referrals were conducted. Guided discussions with MCHN examined intervention feasibility. Overall, 1585 families received Tooth-Packs. Lift-the-lip was conducted on 1493 children (94.1%). Early childhood caries were identified in 142 children (9.5%) and these children were referred to dental services. Baseline to follow-up behavioural improvements (n = 230) included: increased odds of children having ever seen an OH professional (OR 28.0; 95% CI 7.40–236.88; p < 0.001), parent assisted toothbrushing twice/day (OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.05–3.00; p = 0.030) and toothpaste use >once/day (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.59–5.24; p < 0.001). MCHN recommendations included distribution of Tooth-Packs to at-risk children <12-months of age. MCHS provide an ideal setting to enable timely family-centred OHP intervention and adoption of good OH behaviours at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren M Carpenter
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Centre for Health Equity, The Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Level 5, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | | | - Lisa K Meyenn
- Dental Health Services Victoria, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Gillian Lang
- Dental Health Services Victoria, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Allison Ridge
- Dental Health Services Victoria, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Amanda Perry
- Sunbury Community Health, 12-28 Macedon Street, Sunbury, Victoria 3429, Australia
| | - Deborah Cole
- Dental Health Services Victoria, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Shalika Hegde
- Dental Health Services Victoria, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
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14
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Butten K, Johnson NW, Hall KK, Anderson J, Toombs M, King N, O'Grady KF. Risk factors for oral health in young, urban, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Aust Dent J 2018; 64:72-81. [PMID: 30375649 PMCID: PMC6392135 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The caries process follows a strong social gradient which can commence in the first years of life. Yet data on young children remain limited. This study reports the potential risk factors and indicators in urban, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged less than 5 and estimates the prevalence of caries. Methods Demographic and risk factor and risk indicator data were collected at baseline in a cohort study of children attending a health clinic in north Brisbane. Dentulous children received a basic oral examination to explore the presence of decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft). Descriptive analyses were performed. A backwards stepwise logistic regression model was performed to identify potential associations with dmft status. Results In this study, 180 children enrolled: 111 children received the oral examination, of whom 14 (12.6%) (mean age 35 months) were estimated to have dmft >0. There was a high prevalence of socio‐economic, dietary and behavioural risk factors/indicators present for children. Due to the small sample size, planned regression was not performed. Conclusions Overall, the prevalence of risk factors and risk indicators for caries in the study population is high. More culturally appropriate resources that support preventive care need to be invested before children are school aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Butten
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Centre for Children's Health Research, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - N W Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K K Hall
- Caboolture Community Medical, Caboolture, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Anderson
- Caboolture Community Medical, Caboolture, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Toombs
- Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, South Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - N King
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - K F O'Grady
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Centre for Children's Health Research, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Crowe M, O'Sullivan M, McNulty BA, Cassetti O, O'Sullivan A. Data Mapping From Food Diaries to Augment the Amount and Frequency of Foods Measured Using Short Food Questionnaires. Front Nutr 2018; 5:82. [PMID: 30356824 PMCID: PMC6190565 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Collecting accurate and detailed dietary intake data is costly at a national level. Accordingly, limited dietary assessment tools such as Short Food Questionnaires (SFQs) are increasingly used in large surveys. This paper describes a novel method linking matched datasets to improve the quality of dietary data collected. Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) is a nationally representative longitudinal study of infants in the Republic of Ireland which used a SFQ (with no portion sizes) to assess the intake of “healthy” and “unhealthy” food and drink by 3 years old preschool children. The National Preschool Nutrition Survey (NPNS) provides the most accurate estimates available for dietary intake of young children in Ireland using a detailed 4 days weighed food diary. A mapping algorithm was applied using food name, cooking method, and food description to fill all GUI food groups with information from the NPNS food datafile which included the target variables, frequency, and amount. The augmented data were analyzed to examine all food groups described in NPNS and GUI and what proportion of foods were covered, non-covered, or partially-covered by GUI food groups, as a percentage of the total number of consumptions. The term non-covered indicated a specific food consumption that could not be mapped using a GUI food group. “High sugar” food items that were non-covered included ready-to-eat breakfast cereals, fruit juice, sugars, syrups, preserves and sweeteners, and ice-cream. The average proportion of consumption frequency and amount of foods not covered by GUI was 44 and 34%, respectively. Through mapping food codes in this manner, it was possible, using density plots, to visualize the relative performance of the brief dietary instrument (SFQ) compared to the more detailed food diary (FD). The SFQ did not capture a substantial portion of habitual foods consumed by 3-year olds in Ireland. Researchers interested in focussing on specific foods, could use this approach to assess the proportion of foods covered, non-covered, or partially-covered by reference to the mapped food database. These results can be used to improve SFQs for future studies and improve the capacity to identify diet-disease relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Crowe
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael O'Sullivan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Breige A McNulty
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oscar Cassetti
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aifric O'Sullivan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Wigen TI, Baumgartner CS, Wang NJ. Identification of caries risk in 2-year-olds. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2018; 46:297-302. [PMID: 29436016 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The first aim was to describe presence of plaque, caries and oral health behaviours in 2-year-old children. The second aim was to measure increments in caries experience from 2 to 5 years of age and to study whether national background, visible plaque, caries and oral health behaviour at 2 years of age were associated with increments in caries experience. METHODS The study population consisted of 392 children, of whom 211 were monitored from 2 to 5 years of age. At age 2 years, parents completed a questionnaire about family background and oral health behaviour. The presence of plaque and caries at tooth level was obtained from dental records. Data were tested with chi-square statistics and Mann-Whitney U test. Negative binomial regression analysis was conducted to explore the association between caries increment between 2 and 5 years of age and national background, visible plaque, caries and oral health behaviour at 2 years of age. RESULTS Caries was found in 4.6% of 2-year-olds, and 4.6% had visible plaque. More than half of these children (57.9%) brushed twice daily, toothbrushing was introduced when the child was 7 months or older in 61.0% of the children, and 15.6% consumed sugary snacks daily. Non-Western children more often had caries, visible plaque and unfavourable oral health behaviour than Western children (P < .05). At age 5 years, 28.9% of the children had caries experience. Non-Western background, toothbrushing less than twice daily, not using fluoridated toothpaste, not using fluoride lozenges, consuming sugary drinks at night, consuming sugary snacks daily, presence of plaque and caries at 2 years of age were associated with caries increment between 2 and 5 years of age in bivariable analyses. The results from multivariable analysis showed that children who started toothbrushing late, children who brushed less than twice daily at 2 years of age and children of non-Western background had a higher probability of having caries increment from 2 to 5 years of age than other children. CONCLUSIONS A small proportion of 2-year-olds had caries, but these children had several decayed teeth. Substantial differences in oral health and oral health behaviour were found between Western and non-Western children. The preventive care delivered to the studied children failed to prevent caries increment from 2 to 5 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Irene Wigen
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Behavioural Science, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Sophie Baumgartner
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Behavioural Science, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Dental Expertise Centre of Southern Norway, Arendal, Norway
| | - Nina Johanne Wang
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Behavioural Science, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Guedes RS, Piovesan C, Ardenghi TM, Emmanuelli B, Braga MM, Mendes FM. Presence of Initial Caries Lesions as a Risk Factor for Caries in Preschool Children: A Cohort Study. Caries Res 2017; 52:32-41. [PMID: 29232677 DOI: 10.1159/000479824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of initial noncavitated caries lesions on cavitated caries increment in preschool children. A 2-year cohort study was designed to include the participants of a survey on dental caries performed in 2010. Preschool children (12-59 months old) were examined for dental caries and classified as children with no caries lesions, with only initial lesions, with at least 1 moderate caries lesion, and with extensive lesions. Socioeconomic data were also collected. After 2 years, 466 children were re-examined (follow-up rate of 72.9%) only for cavitated lesions. Association between caries incidence at 2 levels of severity and caries experience and other variables was evaluated using hierarchical Poisson regression analysis. The children with moderate and extensive caries lesions at baseline presented a higher risk of presenting both outcomes than the children with no caries lesions. Nevertheless, the children with only initial lesions had a higher risk of developing at least 1 new cavitated carious lesion, but not for a more severe increment in caries. Subgroup analysis stratified by the children's age showed that the influence of the presence of initial caries lesions on cavitated caries increment was only observed in children aged 12-35 months. In conclusion, although the presence of moderate and extensive lesions at baseline is a significant predictor for cavitated caries increment after 2 years in preschool children at all ages, the presence of only initial caries lesions is also associated, but with less severe caries incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata S Guedes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Norderyd J, Klingberg G, Faulks D, Granlund M. Specialised dental care for children with complex disabilities focusing on child’s functioning and need for general anaesthesia. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 39:2484-2491. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1236406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Norderyd
- National Oral Disability Centre for Rare Disorders, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden
- CHILD Research Group, School of Health and Welfare, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Klingberg
- Departement of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Denise Faulks
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d’Odontologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA3847, Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mats Granlund
- CHILD Research Group, School of Health and Welfare, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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Ferraz EG, Silva LR, Sarmento VA, de Jesus Campos E, de Oliveira TFL, Magalhães JC, Paraguassú GM, Boa-Sorte N. Comparison of two visual methods for detecting caries among obese and non-obese children. Acta Odontol Scand 2016; 74:405-10. [PMID: 27098286 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2016.1169555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to compare two visual methods for detecting caries among obese and non-obese children in Salvador, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2011-2012, which evaluated 180 paediatric patients, 6-14 years old, girls and boys, categorized into two groups: obese and non-obese (healthy weight), according to the body mass index. For the evaluation of dental caries, the decayed, missing or filled teeth index (DMFT/dmft) and International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II) visual criteria were used. RESULTS The mean DMFT value was 0.98 in obese children and 0.57 in the non-obese children, without significant differences between groups (p = 0.206). The mean dmft value in the non-obese children (1.66) was higher than in obese children (0.95), with significant differences between groups (p = 0.021). According to ICDAS II criteria, there was a higher prevalence of non-cavitated enamel lesions (D1-3) in obese children (n = 156, 10.5%) compared to the non-obese children (n = 55, 1.9%), with significant differences between the groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of non-cavitated lesions during the caries evaluation represents a challenge in diagnosis, which allows for control of this process before the evolution of these lesions to cavitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Gomes Ferraz
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology of the Professor Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luciana Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology of the Professor Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Viviane Almeida Sarmento
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Propedeutics and Integrated Clinic, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Elisângela de Jesus Campos
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology of the Professor Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Thaís Feitosa Leitão de Oliveira
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology of the Professor Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cunha Magalhães
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology of the Professor Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gardênia Matos Paraguassú
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology of the Professor Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ney Boa-Sorte
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Nutrology of the Professor Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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20
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Gussy M, Ashbolt R, Carpenter L, Virgo‐Milton M, Calache H, Dashper S, Leong P, de Silva A, de Livera A, Simpson J, Waters E. Natural history of dental caries in very young Australian children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2016; 26:173-83. [PMID: 25967851 PMCID: PMC5347873 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst the global burden of caries is increasing, the trajectory of decay in young children and the point at which prevention should occur has not been well established. AIM To identify the 'natural history' of dental caries in early childhood. DESIGN A birth cohort study was established with 467 mother/child dyads followed at 1, 6, 12, 18, and 36 months of age. Parent-completed surveys captured demographic, social, and behavioural data, and oral examinations provided clinical and data. RESULTS Eight per cent of children (95% confidence interval (CI): 5-12%) at 18 months and 23% (95% CI: 18-28%) at 36 months experienced decay. Interesting lesion behaviour was found between 18 and 36 months, with rapid development of new lesions on sound teeth (70% of teeth, 95% CI: 63-76%) and regression of many lesions from non-cavitated lesions to sound (23% of teeth, 95% CI: 17-30%). Significant associations were found between soft drink consumption and lesion progression. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest optimal time periods for screening and prevention of a disease which significantly impacts multiple health and well-being outcomes across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Gussy
- Department of Dentistry and Oral HealthLa Trobe Rural Health SchoolLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVic.Australia,Melbourne School of Population & Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Rosie Ashbolt
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health & Wellbeing ProgramMelbourne School of Population & Global HealthThe University of MelbourneCarltonVic.Australia
| | - Lauren Carpenter
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health & Wellbeing ProgramMelbourne School of Population & Global HealthThe University of MelbourneCarltonVic.Australia
| | - Monica Virgo‐Milton
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health & Wellbeing ProgramMelbourne School of Population & Global HealthThe University of MelbourneCarltonVic.Australia
| | - Hanny Calache
- Dental Health Services VictoriaCarltonVic.Australia,Melbourne Dental SchoolUniversity of MelbourneCarltonVic.Australia,Department of Dentistry and Oral HealthLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Stuart Dashper
- Oral Health Cooperative Research CentreMelbourne Dental SchoolThe University of MelbourneCarltonVic.Australia
| | - Pamela Leong
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health & Wellbeing ProgramMelbourne School of Population & Global HealthThe University of MelbourneCarltonVic.Australia,Early Life Epigenetics GroupMurdoch Childrens Research InstituteRoyal Childrens HospitalParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Andrea de Silva
- Melbourne Dental SchoolUniversity of MelbourneCarltonVic.Australia,Centre for Applied Oral Health ResearchDental Health Services VictoriaCarltonVic.Australia
| | - Alysha de Livera
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population & Global HealthThe University of MelbourneCarltonVic.Australia
| | - Julie Simpson
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population & Global HealthThe University of MelbourneCarltonVic.Australia
| | - Elizabeth Waters
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health & Wellbeing ProgramMelbourne School of Population & Global HealthThe University of MelbourneCarltonVic.Australia
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