1
|
Wyżewski Z, Stępkowska J, Kobylińska AM, Mielcarska A, Mielcarska MB. Mcl-1 Protein and Viral Infections: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1138. [PMID: 38256213 PMCID: PMC10816053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
MCL-1 is the prosurvival member of the Bcl-2 family. It prevents the induction of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. The molecular mechanisms dictating the host cell viability gain importance in the context of viral infections. The premature apoptosis of infected cells could interrupt the pathogen replication cycle. On the other hand, cell death following the effective assembly of progeny particles may facilitate virus dissemination. Thus, various viruses can interfere with the apoptosis regulation network to their advantage. Research has shown that viral infections affect the intracellular amount of MCL-1 to modify the apoptotic potential of infected cells, fitting it to the "schedule" of the replication cycle. A growing body of evidence suggests that the virus-dependent deregulation of the MCL-1 level may contribute to several virus-driven diseases. In this work, we have described the role of MCL-1 in infections caused by various viruses. We have also presented a list of promising antiviral agents targeting the MCL-1 protein. The discussed results indicate targeted interventions addressing anti-apoptotic MCL1 as a new therapeutic strategy for cancers as well as other diseases. The investigation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in viral infections engaging MCL1 may contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of cell death and survival balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Wyżewski
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Stępkowska
- Institute of Family Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Maria Kobylińska
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.K.); (M.B.M.)
| | - Adriana Mielcarska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Av. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Matylda Barbara Mielcarska
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.K.); (M.B.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Al-Dalawi L, Dunham SP, Rauch C. Lipid biophysics and/or soft matter-inspired approach for controlling enveloped virus infectivity. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20210943. [PMID: 35414213 PMCID: PMC9006039 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Proven as a natural barrier against viral infection, pulmonary surfactant phospholipids have a biophysical and immunological role within the respiratory system, acting against microorganisms including viruses. Enveloped viruses have, in common, an outer bilayer membrane that forms the underlying structure for viral membrane proteins to function in an optimal way to ensure infectivity. Perturbating the membrane of viruses using exogenous lipids can be envisioned as a generic way to reduce their infectivity. In this context, the potential of exogenous lipids to be used against enveloped virus infectivity would be indicated by the resulting physical stress imposed to the viral membrane, and conical lipids, i.e. lyso-lipids, would be expected to generate stronger biophysical disturbances. We confirm that when treated with lyso-lipids the infectivity three strains of influenza virus (avian H2N3, equine H3N8 or pandemic human influenza H1N1) is reduced by up to 99% in a cell-based model. By contrast, lipids with a similar head group but two aliphatic chains were less effective (reducing infection by only 40–50%). This work opens a new path to merge concepts from different research fields, i.e. ‘soft matter physics' and virology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lamyaa Al-Dalawi
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Stephen P Dunham
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Cyril Rauch
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Horses are the third major mammalian species, along with humans and swine, long known to be subject to acute upper respiratory disease from influenza A virus infection. The viruses responsible are subtype H7N7, which is believed extinct, and H3N8, which circulates worldwide. The equine influenza lineages are clearly divergent from avian influenza lineages of the same subtypes. Their genetic evolution and potential for interspecies transmission, as well as clinical features and epidemiology, are discussed. Equine influenza is spread internationally and vaccination is central to control efforts. The current mechanism of international surveillance and virus strain recommendations for vaccines is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Influenza is an extremely contagious respiratory disease, which predominantly affects the upper respiratory tract. There are four types of influenza virus, and pigs and chickens are considered two key reservoirs of this virus. Equine influenza (EI) virus was first identified in horses in 1956, in Prague. The influenza A viruses responsible for EI are H7N7 and H3N8. Outbreaks of EI are characterized by their visible and rapid spread, and it has been possible to isolate and characterize H3N8 outbreaks in several countries. The clinical diagnosis of this disease is based on the clinical signs presented by the infected animals, which can be confirmed by performing complementary diagnostic tests. In the diagnosis of EI, in the field, rapid antigen detection tests can be used for a first approach. Treatment is based on the management of the disease and rest for the animal. Regarding the prognosis, it will depend on several factors, such as the animal's vaccination status. One of the important points in this disease is its prevention, which can be done through vaccination. In addition to decreasing the severity of clinical signs and morbidity during outbreaks, vaccination ensures immunity for the animals, reducing the economic impact of this disease.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kordyukova LV, Mintaev RR, Rtishchev AA, Kunda MS, Ryzhova NN, Abramchuk SS, Serebryakova MV, Khrustalev VV, Khrustaleva TA, Poboinev VV, Markushin SG, Voronina OL. Filamentous versus Spherical Morphology: A Case Study of the Recombinant A/WSN/33 (H1N1) Virus. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:297-309. [PMID: 32036809 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus is a serious human pathogen that assembles enveloped virions on the plasma membrane of the host cell. The pleiomorphic morphology of influenza A virus, represented by spherical, elongated, or filamentous particles, is important for the spread of the virus in nature. Using fixative protocols for sample preparation and negative staining electron microscopy, we found that the recombinant A/WSN/33 (H1N1) (rWSN) virus, a strain considered to be strictly spherical, may produce filamentous particles when amplified in the allantoic cavity of chicken embryos. In contrast, the laboratory WSN strain and the rWSN virus amplified in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells exhibited a spherical morphology. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) suggested a rare Ser126Cys substitution in the M1 protein of rWSN, which was confirmed by the mass spectrometric analysis. No structurally relevant substitutions were found by NGS in other proteins of rWSN. Bioinformatics algorithms predicted a neutral structural effect of the Ser126Cys mutation. The mrWSN_M1_126S virus generated after the introduction of the reverse Cys126Ser substitution exhibited a similar host-dependent partially filamentous phenotype. We hypothesize that a shortage of some as-yet-undefined cellular components involved in virion budding and membrane scission may result in the appearance of filamentous particles in the case of usually "nonfilamentous" virus strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larisa V Kordyukova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991Moscow, Russia
| | - Ramil R Mintaev
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Center for Strategic Planning and Management for Medical and Biological Health Risks», Ministry of Health, 119121Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Marina S Kunda
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health, 123098Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia N Ryzhova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health, 123098Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei S Abramchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V Serebryakova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav V Khrustalev
- Department of General Chemistry, Belarusian State Medical University, 220116Minsk, Belarus
| | - Tatyana A Khrustaleva
- Biochemical Group of the Multidisciplinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072Minsk, Belarus
| | - Victor V Poboinev
- Department of General Chemistry, Belarusian State Medical University, 220116Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Olga L Voronina
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health, 123098Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh RK, Dhama K, Karthik K, Khandia R, Munjal A, Khurana SK, Chakraborty S, Malik YS, Virmani N, Singh R, Tripathi BN, Munir M, van der Kolk JH. A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1941. [PMID: 30237788 PMCID: PMC6135912 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Among all the emerging and re-emerging animal diseases, influenza group is the prototype member associated with severe respiratory infections in wide host species. Wherein, Equine influenza (EI) is the main cause of respiratory illness in equines across globe and is caused by equine influenza A virus (EIV-A) which has impacted the equine industry internationally due to high morbidity and marginal morality. The virus transmits easily by direct contact and inhalation making its spread global and leaving only limited areas untouched. Hitherto reports confirm that this virus crosses the species barriers and found to affect canines and few other animal species (cat and camel). EIV is continuously evolving with changes at the amino acid level wreaking the control program a tedious task. Until now, no natural EI origin infections have been reported explicitly in humans. Recent advances in the diagnostics have led to efficient surveillance and rapid detection of EIV infections at the onset of outbreaks. Incessant surveillance programs will aid in opting a better control strategy for this virus by updating the circulating vaccine strains. Recurrent vaccination failures against this virus due to antigenic drift and shift have been disappointing, however better understanding of the virus pathogenesis would make it easier to design effective vaccines predominantly targeting the conserved epitopes (HA glycoprotein). Additionally, the cold adapted and canarypox vectored vaccines are proving effective in ceasing the severity of disease. Furthermore, better understanding of its genetics and molecular biology will help in estimating the rate of evolution and occurrence of pandemics in future. Here, we highlight the advances occurred in understanding the etiology, epidemiology and pathobiology of EIV and a special focus is on designing and developing effective diagnostics, vaccines and control strategies for mitigating the emerging menace by EIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raj K. Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, West Tripura, India
| | - Yashpal S. Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes H. van der Kolk
- Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute for Equine Medicine (ISME), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Influenza A virus is a pathogen of global medical importance causing significant health and socio-economic costs every year. Influenza virus is an unusual pathogen in that it is pleomorphic, capable of forming virions ranging in shape from spherical to filamentous. Despite decades of research on the influenza virus, much remains unknown about the formation of filamentous influenza viruses and their role in the viral replication cycle. Here, we discuss what is known about influenza virus assembly and budding, focusing on the viral and host factors that are involved in the determination of viral morphology. Whilst the biological function of the filamentous morphology remains unknown, recent results suggest a role in facilitating viral spread in vivo. We discuss these results and speculate on the consequences of viral morphology during influenza virus infection of the human respiratory tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Badham
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Jeremy S Rossman
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dadonaite B, Vijayakrishnan S, Fodor E, Bhella D, Hutchinson EC. Filamentous influenza viruses. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:1755-1764. [PMID: 27365089 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical isolates of influenza virus produce pleomorphic virus particles, including extremely long filamentous virions. In contrast, strains of influenza that have adapted to laboratory growth typically produce only spherical virions. As a result, the filamentous phenotype has been overlooked in most influenza virus research. Recent advances in imaging and improved animal models have highlighted the distinct structure and functional relevance of filamentous virions. In this review we summarize what is currently known about these strikingly elongated virus particles and discuss their possible roles in clinical infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Dadonaite
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Swetha Vijayakrishnan
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow, Lanarkshire G61 1QH, UK
| | - Ervin Fodor
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - David Bhella
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow, Lanarkshire G61 1QH, UK
| | - Edward C Hutchinson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow, Lanarkshire G61 1QH, UK.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bonfante F, Fusaro A, Tassoni L, Patrono LV, Milani A, Maniero S, Salviato A, Terregino C. Spillback transmission of European H1N1 avian-like swine influenza viruses to turkeys: A strain-dependent possibility? Vet Microbiol 2016; 186:102-10. [PMID: 27016764 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In 1979, an avian influenza virus of the H1N1 subtype began to circulate in European swine herds, rapidly replacing classical swine H1N1 viruses. Spill-back transmissions to turkeys were recorded occasionally, but they might have been underreported due to the asymptomatic nature of the infection and the lack of specific surveillance. In our study, we evaluated the infectivity and transmissibility in turkeys of seven strains of H1N1 avian-like swine viruses isolated from 1979 to 2006, and compared them with their closest progenitor A/duck/Bavaria/1/77 (H1N1), to establish whether the adaptation to pigs has gradually decreased their fitness in turkeys. Our data indicate that the circulation of European H1N1 in pigs might have impaired the possibility of infecting turkeys. Nevertheless, the two swine-origin strains, which showed the ability to replicate and transmit in turkeys, possess typical swine-like genetic traits, not different from the rest of the tested isolates, suggesting replication of avian-like swine H1N1 viruses in turkeys as a strain-dependent polygenic feature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bonfante
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Alice Fusaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Luca Tassoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Livia Victoria Patrono
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Adelaide Milani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Silvia Maniero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Salviato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Calogero Terregino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu NC, Du Y, Le S, Young AP, Zhang TH, Wang Y, Zhou J, Yoshizawa JM, Dong L, Li X, Wu TT, Sun R. Coupling high-throughput genetics with phylogenetic information reveals an epistatic interaction on the influenza A virus M segment. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:46. [PMID: 26754751 PMCID: PMC4710013 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epistasis is one of the central themes in viral evolution due to its importance in drug resistance, immune escape, and interspecies transmission. However, there is a lack of experimental approach to systematically probe for epistatic residues. Results By utilizing the information from natural occurring sequences and high-throughput genetics, this study established a novel strategy to identify epistatic residues. The rationale is that a substitution that is deleterious in one strain may be prevalent in nature due to the presence of a naturally occurring compensatory substitution. Here, high-throughput genetics was applied to influenza A virus M segment to systematically identify deleterious substitutions. Comparison with natural sequence variation showed that a deleterious substitution M1 Q214H was prevalent in circulating strains. A coevolution analysis was then performed and indicated that M1 residues 121, 207, 209, and 214 naturally coevolved as a group. Subsequently, we experimentally validated that M1 A209T was a compensatory substitution for M1 Q214H. Conclusions This work provided a proof-of-concept to identify epistatic residues by coupling high-throughput genetics with phylogenetic information. In particular, we were able to identify an epistatic interaction between M1 substitutions A209T and Q214H. This analytic strategy can potentially be adapted to study any protein of interest, provided that the information on natural sequence variants is available. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2358-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA. .,Molecular Biology InstituteUniversity of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA. .,Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA.
| | - Yushen Du
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.
| | - Shuai Le
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Arthur P Young
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.
| | - Tian-Hao Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.
| | - Janice M Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.
| | - Ren Sun
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang K, Wang Z, Fan GZ, Wang J, Gao S, Li Y, Sun L, Yin CC, Liu WJ. Two polar residues within C-terminal domain of M1 are critical for the formation of influenza A Virions. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:1583-93. [PMID: 25939747 PMCID: PMC4682459 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The matrix protein 1 (M1) is the most abundant structural protein in influenza A virus particles. It oligomerizes to form the matrix layer under the lipid membrane, sustaining stabilization of the morphology of the virion. The present study indicates that M1 forms oligomers based on a fourfold symmetrical oligomerization pattern. Further analysis revealed that the oligomerization pattern of M1 was controlled by a highly conserved region within the C-terminal domain. Two polar residues of this region, serine-183 (S183) and threonine-185 (T185), were identified to be critical for the oligomerization pattern of M1. M1 point mutants suggest that single S183A or T185A substitution could result in the production of morphologically filamentous particles, while double substitutions, M1-S183A/T185A, totally disrupted the fourfold symmetry and resulted in the failure of virus production. These data indicate that the polar groups in these residues are essential to control the oligomerization pattern of M1. Thus, the present study will aid in determining the mechanisms of influenza A virus matrix layer formation during virus morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Biophysics, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gui-Zhen Fan
- Department of Biophysics, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Shengyan Gao
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yun Li
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chang-Cheng Yin
- Department of Biophysics, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wen-Jun Liu
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Al-Mubarak F, Daly J, Christie D, Fountain D, Dunham SP. Identification of morphological differences between avian influenza A viruses grown in chicken and duck cells. Virus Res 2015; 199:9-19. [PMID: 25613009 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although wild ducks are considered to be the major reservoirs for most influenza A virus subtypes, they are typically resistant to the effects of the infection. In contrast, certain influenza viruses may be highly pathogenic in other avian hosts such as chickens and turkeys, causing severe illness and death. Following in vitro infection of chicken and duck embryo fibroblasts (CEF and DEF) with low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses, duck cells die more rapidly and produce fewer infectious virions than chicken cells. In the current study, the morphology of viruses produced from CEF and DEF cells infected with low pathogenic avian H2N3 was examined. Transmission electron microscopy showed that viruses budding from duck cells were elongated, while chicken cells produced mostly spherical virions; similar differences were observed in viral supernatants. Sequencing of the influenza genome of chicken- and duck-derived H2N3 LPAI revealed no differences, implicating host cell determinants as responsible for differences in virus morphology. Both DEF and CEF cells produced filamentous virions of equine H3N8 (where virus morphology is determined by the matrix gene). DEF cells produced filamentous or short filament virions of equine H3N8 and avian H2N3, respectively, even after actin disruption with cytochalasin D. These findings suggest that cellular factors other than actin are responsible for the formation of filamentous virions in DEF cells. The formation of elongated virions in duck cells may account for the reduced number of infectious virions produced and could have implications for virus transmission or maintenance in the reservoir host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firas Al-Mubarak
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, College Road, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; Department of Microbiology - Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Basra University, Iraq
| | - Janet Daly
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, College Road, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Denise Christie
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Donna Fountain
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, College Road, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Stephen P Dunham
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, College Road, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Elton D, Bruce EA, Bryant N, Wise HM, MacRae S, Rash A, Smith N, Turnbull ML, Medcalf L, Daly JM, Digard P. The genetics of virus particle shape in equine influenza A virus. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2014; 7 Suppl 4:81-9. [PMID: 24224823 PMCID: PMC5655883 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many human strains of influenza A virus produce highly pleomorphic virus particles that at the extremes can be approximated as either spheres of around 100 nm diameter or filaments of similar cross‐section but elongated to lengths of many microns. The role filamentous virions play in the virus life cycle remains enigmatic. Objectives/Methods Here, we set out to define the morphology and genetics of virus particle shape in equine influenza A virus, using reverse genetics and microscopy of infected cells. Results and Conclusions The majority of H3N8 strains tested were found to produce filamentous virions, as did the prototype H7N7 A/eq/Prague/56 strain. The exception was the prototype H3N8 isolate, A/eq/Miami/63. Reassortment of equine influenza virus M genes from filamentous and non‐filamentous strains into the non‐filamentous human virus A/PR/8/34 confirmed that segment 7 is a major determinant of particle shape. Sequence analysis identified three M1 amino acid polymorphisms plausibly associated with determining virion morphology, and the introduction of these changes into viruses confirmed the importance of two: S85N and N231D. However, while either change alone affected filament production, the greatest effect was seen when the polymorphisms were introduced in conjunction. Thus, influenza A viruses from equine hosts also produce filamentous virions, and the major genetic determinants are set by the M1 protein. However, the precise sequence determinants are different to those previously identified in human or porcine viruses.
Collapse
|