1
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Araujo ADC, Cho AY, Silva LMN, Port D, Demoliner M, Gularte JS, Filippi M, Pereira VMDAG, Fisch F, Palameta S, de Araújo J, Branco JO, Durigon EL, Arns CW, Lee SH, Rosado Spilki F, Lee DH, Ferreira HL. Whole genome sequencing of low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (H6N2) detected from a Brazilian teal ( Amazonnetta brasiliensis) in Brazil, 2023. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0015824. [PMID: 38860813 PMCID: PMC11256858 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00158-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The whole genome sequence of a low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (H6N2) was sequenced from a Brazilian teal (Amazonetta brasiliensis) in Brazil, 2023. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome revealed a distinct genome pertaining to South American LPAIV from 2014 to 2016, indicating extensive circulation among South American wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Yong Cho
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Laura Morais Nascimento Silva
- Graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses, Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dagoberto Port
- Brusque City Hall - Municipal Department of Education, Brusque, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Meriane Demoliner
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Virology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Schons Gularte
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Virology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Micheli Filippi
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Virology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiane Fisch
- Polytechnic School, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Soledad Palameta
- BSL-3 Laboratory of Virology and Applied Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jansen de Araújo
- BSL3+ Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edison L. Durigon
- BSL3+ Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institut Pasteur of São Paulo/USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarice Weis Arns
- BSL-3 Laboratory of Virology and Applied Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sun-Hak Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Fernando Rosado Spilki
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Virology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Wildlife Health Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Konkuk University Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Helena Lage Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, FZEA-USP, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses, Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Thomazelli LM, Pinho JRR, Dorlass EG, Ometto T, Meneguin C, Paludo D, Frias RT, Mancini PL, Monteiro C, Aicher SM, Walker D, Scagion GP, Krauss S, Fabrizio T, Petry MV, Scherer AL, Scherer J, Serafini PP, Neto IS, Amgarten DE, Malta FDM, Borges ALB, Webster RG, Webby RJ, Durigon EL, de Araujo J. Evidence of reassortment of avian influenza A (H2) viruses in Brazilian shorebirds. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300862. [PMID: 38739614 PMCID: PMC11090296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses of the H2 subtype represent a zoonotic and pandemic threat to humans due to a lack of widespread specific immunity. Although A(H2) viruses that circulate in wild bird reservoirs are distinct from the 1957 pandemic A(H2N2) viruses, there is concern that they could impact animal and public health. There is limited information on AIVs in Latin America, and next to nothing about H2 subtypes in Brazil. In the present study, we report the occurrence and genomic sequences of two influenza A viruses isolated from wild-caught white-rumped sandpipers (Calidris fuscicollis). One virus, identified as A(H2N1), was isolated from a bird captured in Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park (PNRJ, Rio de Janeiro), while the other, identified as A(H2N2), was isolated from a bird captured in Lagoa do Peixe National Park (PNLP, Rio Grande do Sul). DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences revealed that each virus belonged to distinct subtypes. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis indicated that the genomic sequence of the A(H2N1) virus isolated from PNRJ was most closely related to other A(H2N1) viruses isolated from North American birds. On the other hand, the A(H2N2) virus genome recovered from the PNLP-captured bird exhibited a more diverse origin, with some sequences closely related to viruses from Iceland and North America, and others showing similarity to virus sequences recovered from birds in South America. Viral genes of diverse origins were identified in one of the viruses, indicating local reassortment. This suggests that the extreme South of Brazil may serve as an environment conducive to reassortment between avian influenza virus lineages from North and South America, potentially contributing to an increase in overall viral diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano M. Thomazelli
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em vírus Emergentes and Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular at Biomedical Science Institute (ICB-II), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Erick G. Dorlass
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Ometto
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em vírus Emergentes and Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular at Biomedical Science Institute (ICB-II), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Meneguin
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em vírus Emergentes and Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular at Biomedical Science Institute (ICB-II), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Paludo
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Núcleo de Gestão Integrada em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Teixeira Frias
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM/UFRJ), Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Cairo Monteiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em vírus Emergentes and Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular at Biomedical Science Institute (ICB-II), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sophie Marie Aicher
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus sensing and signaling Unit, Paris, France
| | - David Walker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Guilherme P. Scagion
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em vírus Emergentes and Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular at Biomedical Science Institute (ICB-II), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Scott Krauss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Thomas Fabrizio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Maria Virgínia Petry
- Laboratório de Ornitologia e Animais Marinhos, Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Angelo L. Scherer
- Laboratório de Ornitologia e Animais Marinhos, Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Janete Scherer
- Laboratório de Ornitologia e Animais Marinhos, Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patricia P. Serafini
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação das Aves Silvestres (CEMAVE/ICMBio/MMA), Brazil, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Isaac S. Neto
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação das Aves Silvestres (CEMAVE/ICMBio/MMA), Brazil, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Robert G. Webster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Edison L. Durigon
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em vírus Emergentes and Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular at Biomedical Science Institute (ICB-II), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP (SPPU), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jansen de Araujo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em vírus Emergentes and Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular at Biomedical Science Institute (ICB-II), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Fair JM, Al-Hmoud N, Alrwashdeh M, Bartlow AW, Balkhamishvili S, Daraselia I, Elshoff A, Fakhouri L, Javakhishvili Z, Khoury F, Muzyka D, Ninua L, Tsao J, Urushadze L, Owen J. Transboundary determinants of avian zoonotic infectious diseases: challenges for strengthening research capacity and connecting surveillance networks. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341842. [PMID: 38435695 PMCID: PMC10907996 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As the climate changes, global systems have become increasingly unstable and unpredictable. This is particularly true for many disease systems, including subtypes of highly pathogenic avian influenzas (HPAIs) that are circulating the world. Ecological patterns once thought stable are changing, bringing new populations and organisms into contact with one another. Wild birds continue to be hosts and reservoirs for numerous zoonotic pathogens, and strains of HPAI and other pathogens have been introduced into new regions via migrating birds and transboundary trade of wild birds. With these expanding environmental changes, it is even more crucial that regions or counties that previously did not have surveillance programs develop the appropriate skills to sample wild birds and add to the understanding of pathogens in migratory and breeding birds through research. For example, little is known about wild bird infectious diseases and migration along the Mediterranean and Black Sea Flyway (MBSF), which connects Europe, Asia, and Africa. Focusing on avian influenza and the microbiome in migratory wild birds along the MBSF, this project seeks to understand the determinants of transboundary disease propagation and coinfection in regions that are connected by this flyway. Through the creation of a threat reduction network for avian diseases (Avian Zoonotic Disease Network, AZDN) in three countries along the MBSF (Georgia, Ukraine, and Jordan), this project is strengthening capacities for disease diagnostics; microbiomes; ecoimmunology; field biosafety; proper wildlife capture and handling; experimental design; statistical analysis; and vector sampling and biology. Here, we cover what is required to build a wild bird infectious disease research and surveillance program, which includes learning skills in proper bird capture and handling; biosafety and biosecurity; permits; next generation sequencing; leading-edge bioinformatics and statistical analyses; and vector and environmental sampling. Creating connected networks for avian influenzas and other pathogen surveillance will increase coordination and strengthen biosurveillance globally in wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M. Fair
- Genomics and Bioanalytics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Nisreen Al-Hmoud
- Bio-Safety and Bio-Security Center, Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mu’men Alrwashdeh
- Bio-Safety and Bio-Security Center, Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan
| | - Andrew W. Bartlow
- Genomics and Bioanalytics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | | | - Ivane Daraselia
- Center of Wildlife Disease Ecology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | | | - Zura Javakhishvili
- Center of Wildlife Disease Ecology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Fares Khoury
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Denys Muzyka
- National Scientific Center, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Jean Tsao
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lela Urushadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health (NCDC) of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Jennifer Owen
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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4
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Harat SG, Ansari F. A Quick Review of the Prevalence of Important Infectious Poultry Diseases all Around the World. RECENT ADVANCES IN FOOD, NUTRITION & AGRICULTURE 2024; 15:46-58. [PMID: 37990426 DOI: 10.2174/012772574x273102231020111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The poultry industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Poultry breeding has developed significantly to meet the food needs of the increasing population and it is expected that this growth will continue in the coming years. Prevalent poultry diseases are of great importance as they are responsible for vast economic losses and public health concerns. They also affect the national and international trade of the poultry products. This review will provide a quick and general view of different important poultry diseases for poultry breeders, scientists and decision makers. Based on this review, Campylobacteriosis and infectious bursal disease (IBD) in the Asian continent, and Campylobacteriosis, Newcastle disease (ND) and coccidiosis in the African continent were the most prevalent diseases. In Europe, Campylobacter species and in America, Escherichia coli species are widespread in poultry meat. Infectious Bronchitis (IB) in Europe and Coccidiosis in America were high-incident.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fereshteh Ansari
- Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Wan Z, Gong J, Sang J, Jiang W, Zhao Z, Tang T, Li Y, Zhao Y, Kan Q, Xie Q, Li T, Shao H, Gao W, Qin A, Ye J. Identification of key residues of B cell epitopes in hemagglutinin of H6 influenza A virus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0205923. [PMID: 37882566 PMCID: PMC10715104 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02059-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Since the escape immunity of influenza A viruses (IAVs) is mainly caused by the continuous antigenic variations in HA, the identification of key antigenic epitopes is crucial for better understanding of the escape immunity and vaccine development for IAVs. The antigenic sites of several HA subtypes, including H1, H3, H5, and H9, have been well characterized, whereas those of H6 subtype are poorly understood. Here, we mapped nine key residues of antigenic epitopes in H6 through escape mutants using a panel of MAbs. Moreover, MAbs 4C2 and 6E3, targeting 140 and 89 residues, respectively, could protect mice against lethal challenge of MA E-Teal/417. These key residues of antigenic epitopes identified here provide the molecular targets for further elucidating the antigenic evolution of H6 and better preparing the vaccine against H6 IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianxi Gong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianjun Sang
- Sinopharm Yangzhou VAC Biological Engineering Co. Ltd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhehong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Tang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yichao Zhao
- Sinopharm Yangzhou VAC Biological Engineering Co. Ltd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuqi Kan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Quan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tuofan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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6
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Carnegie L, Raghwani J, Fournié G, Hill SC. Phylodynamic approaches to studying avian influenza virus. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:289-308. [PMID: 37565466 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2236568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses can cause severe disease in domestic and wild birds and are a pandemic threat. Phylodynamics is the study of how epidemiological, evolutionary, and immunological processes can interact to shape viral phylogenies. This review summarizes how phylodynamic methods have and could contribute to the study of avian influenza viruses. Specifically, we assess how phylodynamics can be used to examine viral spread within and between wild or domestic bird populations at various geographical scales, identify factors associated with virus dispersal, and determine the order and timing of virus lineage movement between geographic regions or poultry production systems. We discuss factors that can complicate the interpretation of phylodynamic results and identify how future methodological developments could contribute to improved control of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carnegie
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
| | - J Raghwani
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
| | - G Fournié
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
- Université de Lyon, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, Marcy l'Etoile, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, Saint Genes Champanelle, France
| | - S C Hill
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
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7
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Lin M, Yao QC, Liu J, Huo M, Zhou Y, Chen M, Li Y, Gao Y, Ge Y. Evolution and Reassortment of H6 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:1547. [PMID: 37515233 PMCID: PMC10383184 DOI: 10.3390/v15071547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The H6 subtype of avian influenza virus (H6 AIV) is the most detected AIV subtype in poultry and wild birds. It causes economic losses to the poultry industry, and the most important, H6 AIV may have the ability to infect mammals, which is a great threat to public health security. In addition, the H6 subtype can serve as a precursor to providing internal genes for other highly pathogenic AIVs, posing a potential threat. H6 AIV currently face to the high positive detection rate and harmless nature of H6 AIV and because not highly effective H6 subtype vaccine available on the market. In this study, we focused on the prevalence of H6 AIV in poultry and wild birds, phylogenetic analysis, genetic variation characteristics, selection analysis, and prevention and control to provide relevant references for the scientific prevention and control of H6 AIV in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqin Lin
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qiu-Cheng Yao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Miaotong Huo
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Minyi Chen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuanguo Li
- Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Ye Ge
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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8
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Wan Z, Gong J, Sang J, Jiang W, Zhao Z, Lian M, Tang T, Li Y, Kan Q, Xie Q, Li T, Shao H, Gao W, Qin A, Ye J. Mouse adaptation of H6 avian influenza viruses and their molecular characteristics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1049979. [PMID: 36466692 PMCID: PMC9713515 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1049979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
H6 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) not only continue to circulate in both domestic poultry and wild waterfowl, but also have occasionally caused spillovers infections in pigs and humans, posing a potential threat to public health. However, the molecular mechanism of H6 AIV adaptation to mammals remains largely unknown. In this study, two mouse-adapted (MA) H6 AIV strains, named as MA E-Teal/417 and MA GWF-Goose/740, were generated through blind passages in BALB/c mice. The two MA H6 strains replicated more efficiently and showed higher virulence than the corresponding wild type (WT) H6 strains in mice. Genome sequencing revealed that MA E-Teal/417 and MA GWF-Goose/740 carried six amino acid mutations (PB2-T224A/E627K, HA-G124R, NA-F167L/Y356H and M1-M92R), and four amino acid mutations (PB1-K577E, PA-T97I/D514E and HA-T276K), respectively, when compared to the corresponding WT virus. Receptor binding assay showed MA E-Teal/417 had stronger binding activity to α-2,3 SA than WT E-Teal/417. Moreover, the polymerase activity analysis found the RNP polymerase activity of both MA H6 viruses was significantly higher than that of the corresponding WT virus in 293T cells. All these demonstrate that H6 AIV can acquire limit amino acid substitutions to adapt to mammals and increase virulence, highlighting the significance of monitoring such mutations of H6 AIV in the field for alarming the potential of its cross-transmission and pathogenesis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxi Gong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Sang
- Sinopharm Yangzhou VAC Biological Engineering Co. Ltd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhehong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingjun Lian
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Tang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuqi Kan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tuofan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Durairaj K, Trinh TTT, Yun SY, Yeo SJ, Sung HW, Park H. Molecular Characterization and Pathogenesis of H6N6 Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Mallard Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in South Korea. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051001. [PMID: 35632743 PMCID: PMC9143286 DOI: 10.3390/v14051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The subtype H6N6 has been identified worldwide following the increasing frequency of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). These AIVs also have the ability to bind to human-like receptors, thereby increasing the risk of animal-human transmission. In September 2019, an H6N6 avian influenza virus—KNU2019-48 (A/Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)/South Korea/KNU 2019-48/2019(H6N6))—was isolated from Anas platyrhynchos in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis results revealed that the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of this strain belongs to the Korean lineage, whereas the neuraminidase (NA) and polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1) genes belong to the Chinese lineage. Outstanding internal proteins such as PB2, polymerase acidic protein, nucleoprotein, matrix protein, and non-structural protein belong to the Vietnamese lineage. Additionally, a monobasic amino acid (PRIETR↓GLF) at the HA cleavage site; non-deletion of the stalk region (residue 59–69) in the NA gene; and E627 in the PB2 gene indicate that the KNU2019-48 isolate is a typical low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus. The nucleotide sequence similarity analysis of HA revealed that the highest homology (97.18%) of this isolate is to that of A/duck/Jiangxi/01.14 NCJD125-P/2015(H6N6), and the amino acid sequence of NA (97.38%) is closely related to that of A/duck/Fujian/10.11_FZHX1045-C/2016 (H6N6). An in vitro analysis of the KNU2019-48 virus shows a virus titer of not more than 2.8 Log10 TCID 50/mL until 72 h post-infection, whereas in the lungs, the virus is detected at 3 dpi (days post-infection). The isolated KNU2019-48 (H6N6) strain is the first reported AIV in Korea, and the H6 subtype virus has co-circulated in China, Vietnam, and Korea for half a decade. Overall, our study demonstrates that Korean H6N6 strain PB1-S375N, PA-A404S, and S409N mutations are infectious in humans and might contribute to the enhanced pathogenicity of this strain. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of continuous and intensive surveillance of the H6N6 virus not only in Korea but also worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaliannan Durairaj
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; (K.D.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Thuy-Tien Thi Trinh
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Research Center, Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Su-Yeon Yun
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; (K.D.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Seon-Ju Yeo
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.Y.); (H.-W.S.); (H.P.)
| | - Haan-Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.Y.); (H.-W.S.); (H.P.)
| | - Hyun Park
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; (K.D.); (S.-Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (S.-J.Y.); (H.-W.S.); (H.P.)
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10
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Wille M, Grillo V, Ban de Gouvea Pedroso S, Burgess GW, Crawley A, Dickason C, Hansbro PM, Hoque MA, Horwood PF, Kirkland PD, Kung NYH, Lynch SE, Martin S, McArthur M, O’Riley K, Read AJ, Warner S, Hoye BJ, Lisovski S, Leen T, Hurt AC, Butler J, Broz I, Davies KR, Mileto P, Neave MJ, Stevens V, Breed AC, Lam TTY, Holmes EC, Klaassen M, Wong FYK. Australia as a global sink for the genetic diversity of avian influenza A virus. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010150. [PMID: 35536868 PMCID: PMC9089890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of our understanding of the ecology and evolution of avian influenza A virus (AIV) in wild birds is derived from studies conducted in the northern hemisphere on waterfowl, with a substantial bias towards dabbling ducks. However, relevant environmental conditions and patterns of avian migration and reproduction are substantially different in the southern hemisphere. Through the sequencing and analysis of 333 unique AIV genomes collected from wild birds collected over 15 years we show that Australia is a global sink for AIV diversity and not integrally linked with the Eurasian gene pool. Rather, AIV are infrequently introduced to Australia, followed by decades of isolated circulation and eventual extinction. The number of co-circulating viral lineages varies per subtype. AIV haemagglutinin (HA) subtypes that are rarely identified at duck-centric study sites (H8-12) had more detected introductions and contemporary co-circulating lineages in Australia. Combined with a lack of duck migration beyond the Australian-Papuan region, these findings suggest introductions by long-distance migratory shorebirds. In addition, on the available data we found no evidence of directional or consistent patterns in virus movement across the Australian continent. This feature corresponds to patterns of bird movement, whereby waterfowl have nomadic and erratic rainfall-dependant distributions rather than consistent intra-continental migratory routes. Finally, we detected high levels of virus gene segment reassortment, with a high diversity of AIV genome constellations across years and locations. These data, in addition to those from other studies in Africa and South America, clearly show that patterns of AIV dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere are distinct from those in the temperate north.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Wille
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Graham W. Burgess
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | | | | | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Md. Ahasanul Hoque
- Chattogram (previously Chittagong) Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Bangladesh
| | - Paul F. Horwood
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Peter D. Kirkland
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, Australia
| | - Nina Yu-Hsin Kung
- Animal Biosecurity & Welfare, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Health Food Science Precinct, Coopers Plains, Australia
| | - Stacey E. Lynch
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Sue Martin
- Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Hobart, Australia
| | - Michaela McArthur
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Kensington, Australia
| | - Kim O’Riley
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Read
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, Australia
| | - Simone Warner
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Bethany J. Hoye
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Simeon Lisovski
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Trent Leen
- Geelong Field & Game, Geelong, Australia
- Wetlands Environmental Taskforce, Field & Game Australia, Seymour, Australia
| | - Aeron C. Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeff Butler
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ivano Broz
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kelly R. Davies
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Australia
| | - Patrick Mileto
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Neave
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Australia
| | - Vicky Stevens
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andrew C. Breed
- Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Canberra, Australia
- University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Tommy T. Y. Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marcel Klaassen
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Frank Y. K. Wong
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Australia
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11
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Wan Z, Kan Q, Zhao Z, Shao H, Deliberto TJ, Wan XF, Qin A, Ye J. Characterization of Subtype H6 Avian Influenza A Viruses Isolated From Wild Birds in Poyang Lake, China. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:685399. [PMID: 34589532 PMCID: PMC8473872 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.685399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtype H6 avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) are enzootic and genetically diverse in both domestic poultry and wild waterfowl and may cause spillovers in both pigs and humans. Thus, it is important to understand the genetic diversity of H6 IAVs in birds and their zoonotic potential. Compared with that in domestic poultry, the genetic diversity of H6 viruses in wild birds in China has not been well-understood. In this study, five H6 viruses were isolated from wild birds in Poyang Lake, China, and genetic analyses showed that these isolates are clustered into four genotypes associated with reassortments among avian IAVs from domestic poultry and wild birds in China and those from Eurasia and North America and that these viruses exhibited distinct phenotypes in growth kinetics analyses with avian and mammalian cells lines and in mouse challenge experiments. Of interest is that two H6 isolates from the Eurasian teal replicated effectively in the mouse lung without prior adaptation, whereas the other three did not. Our study suggested that there are variations in the mammalian viral replication efficiency phenotypic among genetically diverse H6 IAVs in wild birds and that both intra- and inter-continental movements of IAVs through wild bird migration may facilitate the emergence of novel H6 IAV reassortants with the potential for replicating in mammals, including humans. Continued surveillance to monitor the diversity of H6 IAVs in wild birds is necessary to increase our understanding of the natural history of IAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiuqi Kan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhehong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Thomas J Deliberto
- National Wildlife Disease Program, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- University of Missouri Center for Influenza and Emerging infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Aijian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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12
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Mateus-Anzola J, Martínez-López B, Espinosa-García AC, Ojeda-Flores R. Global subtype diversity, spatial distribution patterns, and phylogenetic analysis of avian influenza virus in water. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e344-e355. [PMID: 34464033 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for zoonotic infectious disease surveillance. Avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a significant threat to animal and public health due to its pandemic potential. Virus-contaminated water has been suggested as an important AIV spread mechanism among multiple species. Nevertheless, few studies have characterized the global AIV subtype diversity and distribution in environmental water. Therefore, this study aims to provide an updated descriptive and phylogenetic analysis of AIVs isolated in water samples from high risk-sites for influenza outbreaks (i.e. live bird markets, poultry farms, and wild bird habitats) on a global scale. The descriptive analysis evidenced that 21 subtypes were reported from nine countries between 2003 and 2020. Fourteen AIV subtypes were solely reported from Asian countries. Most of the viral sequences were obtained in China and Bangladesh with 47.44% and 23.93%, respectively. Likewise, the greatest global AIV subtype diversity was observed in China with 12 subtypes. Live bird markets represented the main sampling site for AIV detection in water samples (64.1%), mostly from poultry cage water. Nevertheless, the highest subtype diversity was observed in water samples from wild bird habitats, especially from the Izumi plain and the Dongting Lake located in Japan and China, respectively. Water from drinking poultry troughs evidenced the greatest subtype diversity in live bird markets; meanwhile, environmental water used by ducks had the highest number of different subtypes in poultry farms. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes showed that some sequences were closely related among different poultry/wild bird-related environments from different geographic origins. Therefore, the results suggest that even though the availability of gene sequences in public-access databases varies greatly among countries, environmental AIV surveillance represents a useful tool to elucidate potential viral diversity in wild and domestic bird populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mateus-Anzola
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades y Una Salud, Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Beatriz Martínez-López
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS), Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ana Cecilia Espinosa-García
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rafael Ojeda-Flores
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades y Una Salud, Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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13
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de Souza WM, Fumagalli MJ, de Araujo J, Ometto T, Modha S, Thomazelli LM, Durigon EL, Murcia PR, Figueiredo LTM. Discovery of novel astrovirus and calicivirus identified in ruddy turnstones in Brazil. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5556. [PMID: 30944402 PMCID: PMC6447618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Birds are the natural reservoir of viruses with zoonotic potential, as well as contributing to the evolution, emergence, and dissemination of novel viruses. In this study, we applied a high-throughput screening approach to identify the diversity of viruses in 118 samples of birds captured between October 2006 to October 2010 in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. We found nearly complete genomes of novel species of astrovirus and calicivirus in cloacal swabs of ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres) collected in Coroa do Avião islet, Pernambuco State. These viruses are positive-sense single-stranded RNA with a genome of ~7 to 8 kb, and were designated as Ruddy turnstone astrovirus (RtAstV) and Ruddy turnstone calicivirus (RTCV), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RtAstV and RTCV grouped in a monophyletic clade with viruses identified from poultry samples (i.e., chicken, goose, and turkey), including viruses associated with acute nephritis in chickens. Attempts of viral propagation in monkey and chicken cell lines for both viruses were unsuccessful. Also, we found genomes related with viral families that infect invertebrates and plants, suggesting that they might be ingested in the birds' diet. In sum, these findings shed new light on the diversity of viruses in migratory birds with the notable characterization of a novel astrovirus and calicivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Marciel de Souza
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, SP, Brazil.
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland, United Kingdom.
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcílio Jorge Fumagalli
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Jansen de Araujo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Ometto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Sejal Modha
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Edison Luís Durigon
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Pablo Ramiro Murcia
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, SP, Brazil
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14
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Barbosa CM, Durigon EL, Thomazelli LM, Ometto T, Marcatti R, Nardi MS, de Aguiar DM, Pinho JB, Petry MV, Neto IS, Serafini P, Rodrigues RC, de Azevedo Junior SM, Góes LGB, de Araujo J. Divergent coronaviruses detected in wild birds in Brazil, including a central park in São Paulo. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:547-556. [PMID: 30877663 PMCID: PMC6863219 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses associated with important avian diseases. Their relatively high rates of mutation and recombination frequencies allow them to adapt to new hosts and ecological niches. Although Brazil has 18% of global avian species diversity, studies regarding the presence of avian viral diseases in wild birds in South America are scarce. In this study, we performed a retrospective analysis of the presence of CoVs in 746 wild birds. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were obtained and placed together in vials containing VTM transport medium collected in different regions of Brazil between 2006 and 2013. Screening for viral nucleic acid was performed using conventional RT-PCR and pancoronavirus nested PCR. Positive samples were characterized by partial sequencing of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, and ensuing phylogenetic analysis was performed to investigate the association between virus epidemiology and bird migration routes. Coronavirus RNA were detected and sequenced from six samples, in which three were related to gammacoronaviruses group and the other three to deltacoronavirus group. Our study documents the presence of CoVs related to avian gamma- and deltacoronaviruses circulating in both urban- and poultry-farm regions of Brazil, implicating wild birds as potential carriers of CoVs which may represent a risk to poultry farms and public health in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Barbosa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1374 Prof. Lineu Prestes avenue, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Edison L Durigon
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1374 Prof. Lineu Prestes avenue, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Luciano M Thomazelli
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1374 Prof. Lineu Prestes avenue, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Ometto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1374 Prof. Lineu Prestes avenue, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Roberta Marcatti
- Wildlife and Green Areas Department, São Paulo Municipality, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel M de Aguiar
- Laboratório de Virologia e Rickettsioses, Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - João Batista Pinho
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Aves, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Maria Virginia Petry
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Isaac Simão Neto
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Serafini
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres (CEMAVE), Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Gustavo B Góes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1374 Prof. Lineu Prestes avenue, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Jansen de Araujo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1374 Prof. Lineu Prestes avenue, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil.
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15
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Peng C, Sun H, Li J, Hou G, Wang S, Liu S, Zhuang Q, Cheng S, Chen J, Jiang W. Molecular epidemiological survey and complete genomic phylogenetic analysis of H6 subtype avian influenza viruses in poultry in China from 2011 to 2016. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 65:91-95. [PMID: 30031927 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence and evolution of the H6 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulating in poultry in China from 2011 to 2016, 11 molecular epidemiological surveys was performed in this study. In total, 893 H6 subtype viral strains were isolated from 67,639 swab samples and 360 environmental samples. From these strains, 35 representative strains were selected and their whole genomic sequences determined. According to a phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization, all 35 viral strains belonged to the Eurasian avian lineage. All of them were categorized as 'low pathogenic' and a few strains had some bioinformatical mutations. This epidemiological survey shows that the prevalence of H6 subtype AIVs increased from 2012 to 2016 in China, and suggests that infections by H6 subtype AIVs in China has increased in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongtao Sun
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinping Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangyu Hou
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Suchun Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingye Zhuang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanju Cheng
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiming Chen
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China.
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16
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Araujo J, Petry MV, Fabrizio T, Walker D, Ometto T, Thomazelli LM, Scherer AL, Serafini PP, Neto IS, Krauss S, Webster RG, Webby RJ, Durigon EL. Migratory birds in southern Brazil are a source of multiple avian influenza virus subtypes. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2018; 12:220-231. [PMID: 29143465 PMCID: PMC5820415 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is insufficient knowledge about the relation of avian influenza virus (AIV) to migratory birds in South America. Accordingly, we studied samples obtained over a 4-year period (2009-2012) from wild birds at a major wintering site in southern Brazil. METHODS We obtained 1212 oropharyngeal/cloacal samples from wild birds at Lagoa do Peixe National Park and screened them for influenza A virus by RT-PCR amplification of the matrix gene. Virus isolates were subjected to genomic sequencing and antigenic characterization. RESULTS Forty-eight samples of 1212 (3.96%) contained detectable influenza virus RNA. Partial viral sequences were obtained from 12 of these samples, showing the presence of H2N2 (1), H6Nx (1), H6N1 (8), H9N2 (1), and H12N5 (1) viruses. As H6 viruses predominated, we generated complete genomes from all 9 H6 viruses. Phylogenetic analyses showed that they were most similar to viruses of South American lineage. The H6N1 viruses caused no disease signs in infected ferrets and, despite genetic differences, were antigenically similar to North American isolates. CONCLUSIONS Lagoa do Peixe National Park is a source of multiple AIV subtypes, with the levels of influenza virus in birds being highest at the end of their wintering period in this region. H6N1 viruses were the predominant subtype identified. These viruses were more similar to viruses of South American lineage than to those of North American lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jansen Araujo
- Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB‐II)Universidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Maria Virgínia Petry
- Laboratório de Ornitologia e Animais Marinhos (LOAM)Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, UNISINOSSão LeopoldoRSBrazil
| | - Thomas Fabrizio
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - David Walker
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Tatiana Ometto
- Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB‐II)Universidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Luciano M. Thomazelli
- Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB‐II)Universidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Angelo L. Scherer
- Laboratório de Ornitologia e Animais Marinhos (LOAM)Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, UNISINOSSão LeopoldoRSBrazil
| | - Patricia P. Serafini
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação das Aves Silvestres (CEMAVE/ICMBio/MMA), BrazilFlorianópolisBrazil
| | - Isaac S. Neto
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação das Aves Silvestres (CEMAVE/ICMBio/MMA), BrazilFlorianópolisBrazil
| | - Scott Krauss
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Robert G. Webster
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Edison L. Durigon
- Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB‐II)Universidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
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