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Conradt G, Hausser I, Nyström A. Epidermal or Dermal Collagen VII Is Sufficient for Skin Integrity: Insights to Anchoring Fibril Homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1301-1310.e7. [PMID: 38007090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Collagen VII forms anchoring fibrils that are essential for the stability of the skin and other epithelial organs. In addition to such structural functions, it is emerging that collagen VII fills instructive functions. Collagen VII is synthesized by both epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Genetic loss of collagen VII causes dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, which manifests with chronic skin fragility and fibrosis. Significant progress has been made in developing therapies for dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa; however, such work has also raised questions on the importance of the cellular source of collagen VII for maintenance of tissue integrity and homeostasis. Toward this end, we engineered mice that kept the physiological expression of collagen VII only in epithelial cells or in fibroblasts. Our study revealed that production of collagen VII either by keratinocytes or fibroblasts alone is sufficient for creation of mechanically robust skin. Importantly, we also show tissue-diverse dependence on epithelial and mesenchymal production of collagen VII and provide support for limited amounts of collagen VII being sufficient for tissue protection. Furthermore, a disconnect between collagen VII abundance and anchoring fibril numbers supports the concept that restoration of fully physiological collagen VII levels may not be needed to achieve complete mechanical protection of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Conradt
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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2
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Slepičková Kasálková N, Juřicová V, Fajstavr D, Frýdlová B, Rimpelová S, Švorčík V, Slepička P. Plasma-Activated Polydimethylsiloxane Microstructured Pattern with Collagen for Improved Myoblast Cell Guidance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2779. [PMID: 38474025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We focused on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a substrate for replication, micropatterning, and construction of biologically active surfaces. The novelty of this study is based on the combination of the argon plasma exposure of a micropatterned PDMS scaffold, where the plasma served as a strong tool for subsequent grafting of collagen coatings and their application as cell growth scaffolds, where the standard was significantly exceeded. As part of the scaffold design, templates with a patterned microstructure of different dimensions (50 × 50, 50 × 20, and 30 × 30 μm2) were created by photolithography followed by pattern replication on a PDMS polymer substrate. Subsequently, the prepared microstructured PDMS replicas were coated with a type I collagen layer. The sample preparation was followed by the characterization of material surface properties using various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To evaluate the biocompatibility of the produced samples, we conducted studies on the interactions between selected polymer replicas and micro- and nanostructures and mammalian cells. Specifically, we utilized mouse myoblasts (C2C12), and our results demonstrate that we achieved excellent cell alignment in conjunction with the development of a cytocompatible surface. Consequently, the outcomes of this research contribute to an enhanced comprehension of surface properties and interactions between structured polymers and mammalian cells. The use of periodic microstructures has the potential to advance the creation of novel materials and scaffolds in tissue engineering. These materials exhibit exceptional biocompatibility and possess the capacity to promote cell adhesion and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Slepičková Kasálková
- Department of Solid State Engineering, The University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Juřicová
- Department of Solid State Engineering, The University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Fajstavr
- Department of Solid State Engineering, The University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bára Frýdlová
- Department of Solid State Engineering, The University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, The University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Švorčík
- Department of Solid State Engineering, The University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slepička
- Department of Solid State Engineering, The University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Raktoe R, Kwee AKAL, Rietveld M, Marsidi N, Genders R, Quint K, van Doorn R, van Zuijlen P, Ghalbzouri AEL. Mimicking fat grafting of fibrotic scars using 3D-organotypic skin cultures. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1752-1762. [PMID: 37515391 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing of deep burn injuries is often accompanied by severe scarring, such as hypertrophic scar (HTS) formation. In severe burn wounds, where the subcutis is also damaged, the scars adhere to structures underneath, resulting in stiffness of the scar and impaired motion. Over the recent years, a promising solution has emerged: autologous fat grafting, also known as lipofilling. Previous clinical reports have shown that the anti-fibrotic effect has been attributed to the presence of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSC). In the proposed study, we aim to investigate the effect of fat grafting in 3D organotypic skin cultures mimicking an HTS-like environment. To this end, organotypic skin cultures were embedded with normal skin fibroblasts (NF) or HTS-derived fibroblasts with or without incorporation of human adipose subcutaneous tissue (ADT) and one part was thermally wounded to examine their effect on epithelialization. The developed skin cultures were analysed on morphology and protein level. Analysis revealed that ADT-containing organotypic skin cultures comprise an improved epidermal homeostasis, and a fully formed basement membrane, similar to native human skin (NHS). Furthermore, the addition of ADT significantly reduced myofibroblast presence, which indicates its anti-fibrotic effect. Finally, re-epithelialization measurements showed that ADT reduced re-epithelialization in skin cultures embedded with NFs, whereas HTS-fibroblast-embedded skin cultures showed complete wound closure. In conclusion, we succeeded in developing a 3D organotypic HTS-skin model incorporated with subcutaneous tissue that allows further investigation on the molecular mechanism of fat grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Raktoe
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anastasia K A L Kwee
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Rietveld
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nick Marsidi
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Genders
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Roosevelt Clinics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Quint
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Roosevelt Clinics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Remco van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van Zuijlen
- Burn Centre, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC (location VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Pediatric Surgical Centre, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chen X, Laurent A, Liao Z, Jaccoud S, Abdel-Sayed P, Flahaut M, Scaletta C, Raffoul W, Applegate LA, Hirt-Burri N. Cutaneous Cell Therapy Manufacturing Timeframe Rationalization: Allogeneic Off-the-Freezer Fibroblasts for Dermo-Epidermal Combined Preparations (DE-FE002-SK2) in Burn Care. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2334. [PMID: 37765300 PMCID: PMC10536166 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous cell therapy manufacturing timeframes constitute bottlenecks in clinical management pathways of severe burn patients. While effective temporary wound coverings exist for high-TBSA burns, any means to shorten the time-to-treatment with cytotherapeutic skin grafts could provide substantial therapeutic benefits. This study aimed to establish proofs-of-concept for a novel combinational cytotherapeutic construct (autologous/allogeneic DE-FE002-SK2 full dermo-epidermal graft) designed for significant cutaneous cell therapy manufacturing timeframe rationalization. Process development was based on several decades (four for autologous protocols, three for allogeneic protocols) of in-house clinical experience in cutaneous cytotherapies. Clinical grade dermal progenitor fibroblasts (standardized FE002-SK2 cell source) were used as off-the-freezer substrates in novel autologous/allogeneic dermo-epidermal bilayer sheets. Under vitamin C stimulation, FE002-SK2 primary progenitor fibroblasts rapidly produced robust allogeneic dermal templates, allowing patient keratinocyte attachment in co-culture. Notably, FE002-SK2 primary progenitor fibroblasts significantly outperformed patient fibroblasts for collagen deposition. An ex vivo de-epidermalized dermis model was used to demonstrate the efficient DE-FE002-SK2 construct bio-adhesion properties. Importantly, the presented DE-FE002-SK2 manufacturing process decreased clinical lot production timeframes from 6-8 weeks (standard autologous combined cytotherapies) to 2-3 weeks. Overall, these findings bear the potential to significantly optimize burn patient clinical pathways (for rapid wound closure and enhanced tissue healing quality) by combining extensively clinically proven cutaneous cell-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (X.C.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (S.J.); (P.A.-S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (W.R.)
| | - Alexis Laurent
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (X.C.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (S.J.); (P.A.-S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (W.R.)
- Manufacturing Department, TEC-PHARMA SA, CH-1038 Bercher, Switzerland
- Manufacturing Department, LAM Biotechnologies SA, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Zhifeng Liao
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (X.C.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (S.J.); (P.A.-S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (W.R.)
| | - Sandra Jaccoud
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (X.C.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (S.J.); (P.A.-S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (W.R.)
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Abdel-Sayed
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (X.C.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (S.J.); (P.A.-S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (W.R.)
- STI School of Engineering, Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marjorie Flahaut
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (X.C.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (S.J.); (P.A.-S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (W.R.)
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Scaletta
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (X.C.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (S.J.); (P.A.-S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (W.R.)
| | - Wassim Raffoul
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (X.C.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (S.J.); (P.A.-S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (W.R.)
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (X.C.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (S.J.); (P.A.-S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (W.R.)
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Oxford OSCAR Suzhou Center, Oxford University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Nathalie Hirt-Burri
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (X.C.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (S.J.); (P.A.-S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (W.R.)
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5
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Hofmann E, Schwarz A, Fink J, Kamolz LP, Kotzbeck P. Modelling the Complexity of Human Skin In Vitro. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030794. [PMID: 36979772 PMCID: PMC10045055 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin serves as an important barrier protecting the body from physical, chemical and pathogenic hazards as well as regulating the bi-directional transport of water, ions and nutrients. In order to improve the knowledge on skin structure and function as well as on skin diseases, animal experiments are often employed, but anatomical as well as physiological interspecies differences may result in poor translatability of animal-based data to the clinical situation. In vitro models, such as human reconstructed epidermis or full skin equivalents, are valuable alternatives to animal experiments. Enormous advances have been achieved in establishing skin models of increasing complexity in the past. In this review, human skin structures are described as well as the fast evolving technologies developed to reconstruct the complexity of human skin structures in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hofmann
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Schwarz
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Fink
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Lars-Peter Kamolz
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Kotzbeck
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
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6
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Sanchez MM, Tonmoy TI, Park BH, Morgan JT. Development of a Vascularized Human Skin Equivalent with Hypodermis for Photoaging Studies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121828. [PMID: 36551256 PMCID: PMC9775308 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoaging is an important extrinsic aging factor leading to altered skin morphology and reduced function. Prior work has revealed a connection between photoaging and loss of subcutaneous fat. Currently, primary models for studying this are in vivo (human samples or animal models) or in vitro models, including human skin equivalents (HSEs). In vivo models are limited by accessibility and cost, while HSEs typically do not include a subcutaneous adipose component. To address this, we developed an "adipose-vascular" HSE (AVHSE) culture method, which includes both hypodermal adipose and vascular cells. Furthermore, we tested AVHSE as a potential model for hypodermal adipose aging via exposure to 0.45 ± 0.15 mW/cm2 385 nm light (UVA). One week of 2 h daily UVA exposure had limited impact on epidermal and vascular components of the AVHSE, but significantly reduced adiposity by approximately 50%. Overall, we have developed a novel method for generating HSE that include vascular and adipose components and demonstrated potential as an aging model using photoaging as an example.
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Miyachi K, Yamada T, Sanada A, Inoue Y, Hasebe Y, Arima M, Iwata Y, Hasegawa S, Sugiura K, Akamatsu H. Melanin accumulation in dermal stem cells deteriorates their exosome-mediated skin basement membrane construction in solar lentigo. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1881-1890. [PMID: 36048560 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Solar lentigo (SL) is a hyperpigmented macule that occurs in sun-exposed areas and is characterized by the accumulation of melanin pigment in the epidermis. On the contrary, melanin-incorporated macrophages have also been identified in the dermis, which is thought to be caused by melanin transfer due to disruption of the basement membrane, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we analysed SL lesions by pathological methods and examined the mechanism of melanin accumulation in the dermis using cultured skin models in vitro. First, we observed a significant decrease in type IV collagen (COL4), a major component of the basement membrane, in SL lesions. The basement membrane is known to be formed by the interaction of keratinocytes and dermal cells. Therefore, we constructed skin models containing fibroblasts or dermal stem cells and examined their effects on basement membrane formation. The results showed a markedly enhanced production of COL4 mediated by dermal stem cell-derived exosomes. The analysis of melanin localization in the SL dermis revealed that CD163-positive macrophages and CD271-positive dermal stem cells both took up melanin pigment. Exosomes of dermal stem cells incorporating melanosomes were less effective in promoting COL4 expression. These findings suggest that while the promotion of COL4 production in keratinocytes by dermal stem cell-derived exosomes is important for maintaining basement membrane homeostasis, this mechanism is disrupted in SL lesions, leading to chronic melanin accumulation in the dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuma Miyachi
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yamada
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sanada
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yu Inoue
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hasebe
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Arima
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yohei Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seiji Hasegawa
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Akamatsu
- Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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8
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THY1-mediated mechanisms converge to drive YAP activation in skin homeostasis and repair. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1049-1063. [PMID: 35798842 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Anchored cells of the basal epidermis constantly undergo proliferation in an overcrowded environment. An important regulator of epidermal proliferation is YAP, which can be controlled by both cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. Here, we report that THY1, a GPI-anchored protein, inhibits epidermal YAP activity through converging molecular mechanisms. THY1 deficiency leads to increased adhesion by activating the integrin-β1-SRC module. Notably, regardless of high cellular densities, the absence of THY1 leads to the dissociation of an adherens junction complex that enables the release and translocation of YAP. Due to increased YAP-dependent proliferation, Thy1-/- mice display enhanced wound repair and hair follicle regeneration. Taken together, our work reveals THY1 as a crucial regulator of cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions that controls YAP activity in skin homeostasis and regeneration.
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9
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Wong HX, Lee CC, Ho PCL. Comparison of three in vitro keratinocytes-fibroblasts wound healing models commonly used in pharmaceutical research. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1220-1229. [PMID: 35789390 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several common wound healing models have been used to evaluate wound healing agents and formulations, namely: conditioned media (CM), transwell co-cultures (TWCC) and co-cultures (CC) in a monolayer. However, no study has been conducted to compare the relevance of these models in the keratinocytes and fibroblasts interaction physiologically. Therefore, this study aimed to compare these models based on cell migration and proliferation, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. METHODS Cell migration was analysed by scratch assay and MMP-7, while cell proliferation was analysed by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium reduction assay. KEY FINDINGS Increased cell migration was observed in CM and TWCC models, while varied results were obtained in CC. Cell migration was increased due to upregulation of MMP-7 in CM and TWCC models, while it was downregulated in CC, which might have hindered migration of both cells in monolayers. CONCLUSIONS CM and TWCC are more suitable than CC for wound healing research and for evaluating wound healing agents or formulations, as they can better simulate the layered tissue constructs and paracrine interactions in the physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xin Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Paul Chi-Lui Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Wang M, Li H, Zhang X, Yang L, Liu Y, Liu S, Sun Y, Zhao C. An analysis of skin thickness in the Dezhou donkey population and identification of candidate genes by RNA-seq. Anim Genet 2022; 53:368-379. [PMID: 35307856 DOI: 10.1111/age.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the main factors that have a significant impact on skin thickness, and to further identify the genes and signaling pathways regulating skin growth by RNA-seq in Dezhou donkeys. Skin samples from different body regions of 15 slaughtered donkeys were obtained to study variations in skin thickness over the bodies. Skin thickness data for another 514 donkeys was obtained by minimally invasive skin sampling from the back, and measurements of the donkeys' body size traits and pedigree data were also collected. These data were used to analyze changes in skin thickness and estimate genetic parameters. In addition, transcriptomic analysis was conducted on the skin tissues of individuals from two groups with significant differences in skin thickness. Our results showed that skin thickness over the bodies ranged from 1.08 to 4.36 mm. The skin from the back was the thickest and had the highest correlation with that of other regions of the body. The skin thickness decreased from the back to the side of the ventral abdomen, and the skin thickness on the limbs increased from the proximal end to the distal end. The results also showed that the skin from the same body regions of jacks was thicker than that of jennies in the same age group. The skin thickness of jennies increased from birth to the age of 2 and then clearly decreased after 2 years of age. The estimated heritability of skin thickness was 0.15, and the genetic correlations between skin thickness and body size traits were negligible. Transcriptome analysis showed that the thick-skin group had 65 up-regulated genes and 38 down-regulated genes compared with the thin-skin group. The differentially expressed genes were highly enriched in epidermal development and cell adhesion molecule signaling pathways. We identified the candidate genes responsible for variations in skin thickness in the Dezhou donkey, including KRT10, KRT1, CLDN9, MHCII and MMP28. These results contribute to a better understanding of the growth and development of donkey skin, reveal the molecular mechanism responsible for donkey skin thickness and suggest directions for genetic selection in the Dezhou donkey population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Equine Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing, China
| | - Haijing Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E E-Jiao Co. Ltd, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E E-Jiao Co. Ltd, Liaocheng, China
| | - Li Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E E-Jiao Co. Ltd, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Equine Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujiang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Equine Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing, China
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11
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Zoio P, Ventura S, Leite M, Oliva A. Pigmented Full-Thickness Human Skin Model Based on a Fibroblast-Derived Matrix for Long-Term Studies. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:433-443. [PMID: 34148380 PMCID: PMC8309425 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2021.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstructed human skin models are a valuable tool for drug discovery, disease modeling, and basic research. In the past decades, major progress has been made in this field leading to the development of full-thickness skin models (FTSms) better representative of the native human skin by including the cellular cross talk between the dermal and epidermal layers. However, current available FTSms still present important limitations since they are only suitable for short-term studies, include nonhuman extracellular matrix (ECM) components and have a weak skin barrier function compared with in vivo human skin. In this study, a fibroblast-derived matrix was combined with the use of an inert polystyrene scaffold for the development of a fully human dermis capable of supporting a differentiated epidermis. To produce a pigmented FTSm, a coculture with keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts was established. The structure and functionality of the developed FTSms were studied for short- and long-term cultivation using histological and immunofluorescence staining. The integrity of the skin barrier was evaluated using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements. It was possible to obtain a mature dermis capable of supporting an epidermis without keratinocyte infiltration in only 6 days. ECM components (collagen IV and fibrin) were secreted by the fibroblasts and accumulated in the scaffold structure, recreating the microenvironment of the native human dermis. Moreover, the use of a scaffold resulted in a structure with mechanical stability due to its noncontracting nature. The coculture of primary human keratinocytes resulted in a terminally differentiated skin equivalent that could maintain its architecture and homeostasis up to 50 days. Melanocytes were correctly integrated within the epidermal basal layer and made it possible to reproduce constitutive pigmentation. TEER levels increased during culture time, reaching values of 1.1 ± 0.2 kΩ.cm2 for the FTSm, indicative of a functional skin barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Zoio
- Biomolecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sara Ventura
- Biomolecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Leite
- Biomolecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Abel Oliva
- Biomolecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Oeiras, Portugal.,Department of Biomolecular Diagnostics, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Oeiras, Portugal
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12
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Rodrigues Neves C, Gibbs S. Progress on Reconstructed Human Skin Models for Allergy Research and Identifying Contact Sensitizers. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 430:103-129. [PMID: 29934708 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Contact with the skin is inevitable or desirable for daily life products such as cosmetics, hair dyes, perfumes, drugs, household products, and industrial and agricultural products. Whereas the majority of these products are harmless, a number can become metabolized and/or activate the immunological defense via innate and adaptive mechanisms resulting in sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis upon following exposures to the same substance. Therefore, strict safety (hazard) assessment of actives and ingredients in products and drugs applied to the skin is essential to determine I) whether the chemical is a potential sensitizer and if so II) what is the safe concentration for human exposure to prevent sensitization from occurring. Ex vivo skin is a valuable model for skin penetration studies but due to logistical and viability limitations the development of in vitro alternatives is required. The aim of this review is to give a clear overview of the organotypic in vitro skin models (reconstructed human epidermis, reconstructed human skin, immune competent skin models incorporating Langerhans Cells and T-cells, skin-on-chip) that are currently commercially available or which are being used in a laboratory research setting for hazard assessment of potential sensitizers and for investigating the mechanisms (sensitization key events 1-4) related to allergic contact dermatitis. The limitations of the models, their current applications, and their future potential in replacing animals in allergy-related science are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Dermatology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Dermatology Lab, 0/2 Building, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081 Hz, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Abstract
The skin is a passive and active barrier which protects the body from the environment. Its health is essential for the accomplishment of this role. Since several decades, the skin has aroused a strong interest in various fields (for e.g. cell biology, medicine, toxicology, cosmetology, and pharmacology). In contrast to other organs, 3D models were mostly and directly elaborated in humans due to its architectural simplicity and easy accessibility. The development of these models benefited from the societal pressure to reduce animal experiments. In this review, we first describe human and mouse skin structure and the major differences with other mammals and birds. Next, we describe the different 3D human skin models and their main applications. Finally, we review the available models for domestic animals and discuss the current and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Souci
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, Equipe BioVA, Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Caroline Denesvre
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, Equipe BioVA, Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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14
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Specht M, Kelm S, Mirastschijski U. [Suitability of biological acellular dermal matrices as a skin replacement]. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2020; 52:533-544. [PMID: 32731271 DOI: 10.1055/a-1200-1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue defects are associated with loss of epidermal and dermal components of the skin. For full-thickness tissue defects, dermal equivalents are useful to enable rapid wound closure. Split-thickness skin grafts are associated with loss of tissue elasticity resulting in scar contractures that can impair joint mobility. Synthetic collagen matrices and allogeneic acellular dermal matrices (ADM) are commercially available and could serve as skin tissue replacement. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ADM of different dermal layers or bioartificial matrices can serve as cutaneous replacement. For this purpose, cellular migration, differentiation and the inflammatory reaction were studied in an established ex vivo skin organ model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human split-thickness skin grafts were transplanted onto ADM (Epiflex, DIZG, Berlin, Germany), de-epidermized dermis (DED) or an artificial collagen-elastin matrix (Matriderm, Dr. Suwelack, Billerbeck, Germany). Epithelial migration was studied using an established skin culture model at the air-liquid interface. In addition, the effect of tissue from different dermal compartments, e. g. papillar and reticular dermis, on epithelial migration was compared. Epithelial resurfacing and differentiation of matrices as well as the inflammatory reaction were studied using histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Significantly more epithelial outgrowth area was found on DED (2.54 mm ± 0.43 mm, mean ± SEM) compared to papillary ADM (1.32 mm ± 0.44 mm, p = 0.039), to reticular ADM (no horizontal growth, p < 0.0001) and collagen-elastin matrix (0.78 mm ± 0.11 mm, p = 0.0056) measured by fluorescence microscopy over 10 days presumably due to the presence of pro-migratory basement membrane residues on DED. Reepithelialization was significantly higher (p < 0.002) on papillary dermis compared to ADM of reticular origin. In contrast to the biological matrices, a complete horizontal penetration was found in the macroporous collagen-elastin matrix. Pro-inflammatory mediators varied depending on the human skin donor and matrix. In summary, the biochemical structure of the matrix' surface and its origin influenced the epithelial behaviour with regard to migration, differentiation and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Specht
- Klinikum Bremen-Mitte gGmbH Plastisc, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery
| | - Sorge Kelm
- University of Bremen CBIB, Faculty of Biology and Biochemistry
| | - Ursula Mirastschijski
- University of Bremen CBIB, Faculty of Biology and Biochemistry.,Mira-Beau gender esthetics, Berlin
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15
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Wei Z, Liu X, Ooka M, Zhang L, Song MJ, Huang R, Kleinstreuer NC, Simeonov A, Xia M, Ferrer M. Two-Dimensional Cellular and Three-Dimensional Bio-Printed Skin Models to Screen Topical-Use Compounds for Irritation Potential. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:109. [PMID: 32154236 PMCID: PMC7046801 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing skin irritation potential is critical for the safety evaluation of topical drugs and other consumer products such as cosmetics. The use of advanced cellular models, as an alternative to replace animal testing in the safety evaluation for both consumer products and ingredients, is already mandated by law in the European Union (EU) and other countries. However, there has not yet been a large-scale comparison of the effects of topical-use compounds in different cellular skin models. This study assesses the irritation potential of topical-use compounds in different cellular models of the skin that are compatible with high throughput screening (HTS) platforms. A set of 451 topical-use compounds were first tested for cytotoxic effects using two-dimensional (2D) monolayer models of primary neonatal keratinocytes and immortalized human keratinocytes. Forty-six toxic compounds identified from the initial screen with the monolayer culture systems were further tested for skin irritation potential on reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) and full thickness skin (FTS) three-dimensional (3D) tissue model constructs. Skin irritation potential of the compounds was assessed by measuring tissue viability, trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and secretion of cytokines interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) and interleukin 18 (IL-18). Among known irritants, high concentrations of methyl violet and methylrosaniline decreased viability, lowered TEER, and increased IL-1α secretion in both RhE and FTS models, consistent with irritant properties. However, at low concentrations, these two compounds increased IL-18 secretion without affecting levels of secreted IL-1α, and did not reduce tissue viability and TEER, in either RhE or FTS models. This result suggests that at low concentrations, methyl violet and methylrosaniline have an allergic potential without causing irritation. Using both HTS-compatible 2D cellular and 3D tissue skin models, together with irritation relevant activity endpoints, we obtained data to help assess the irritation effects of topical-use compounds and identify potential dermal hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxi Wei
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Xue Liu
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Masato Ooka
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Min Jae Song
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
- 3D Bioprinting Core, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ruili Huang
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Nicole C. Kleinstreuer
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Anton Simeonov
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Menghang Xia
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
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16
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White CM, Haidekker MA, Kisaalita WS. Ratiometric Nanoviscometers: Applications for Measuring Cellular Physical Properties in 3D Cultures. SLAS Technol 2020; 25:234-246. [PMID: 31997709 DOI: 10.1177/2472630319901262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
New insights into the biomechanical properties of cells are revealing the importance of these properties and how they relate to underlying molecular, architectural, and behavioral changes associated with cell state and disease processes. However, the current understanding of how these in vitro biomechanical properties are associated with in vivo processes has been developed based on the traditional monolayer (two-dimensional [2D]) cell culture, which traditionally has not translated well to the three-dimensional (3D) cell culture and in vivo function. Many gold standard methods and tools used to observe the biomechanical properties of 2D cell cultures cannot be used with 3D cell cultures. Fluorescent molecules can respond to external factors almost instantaneously and require relatively low-cost instrumentation. In this review, we provide the background on fluorescent molecular rotors, which are attractive tools due to the relationship of their emission quantum yield with environmental microviscosity. We make the case for their use in both 2D and 3D cell cultures and speculate on their fundamental and practical applications in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles McRae White
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Driftmier Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mark A Haidekker
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Driftmier Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - William S Kisaalita
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Driftmier Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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17
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Chang J, Chaudhuri O. Beyond proteases: Basement membrane mechanics and cancer invasion. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2456-2469. [PMID: 31315943 PMCID: PMC6683740 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201903066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In epithelial cancers, cells must invade through basement membranes (BMs) to metastasize. The BM, a thin layer of extracellular matrix underlying epithelial and endothelial tissues, is primarily composed of laminin and collagen IV and serves as a structural barrier to cancer cell invasion, intravasation, and extravasation. BM invasion has been thought to require protease degradation since cells, which are typically on the order of 10 µm in size, are too large to squeeze through the nanometer-scale pores of the BM. However, recent studies point toward a more complex picture, with physical forces generated by cancer cells facilitating protease-independent BM invasion. Moreover, collective cell interactions, proliferation, cancer-associated fibroblasts, myoepithelial cells, and immune cells are all implicated in regulating BM invasion through physical forces. A comprehensive understanding of BM structure and mechanics and diverse modes of BM invasion may yield new strategies for blocking cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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18
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Saikia P, Thangavadivel S, Medeiros CS, Lassance L, de Oliveira RC, Wilson SE. IL-1 and TGF-β Modulation of Epithelial Basement Membrane Components Perlecan and Nidogen Production by Corneal Stromal Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5589-5598. [PMID: 30480706 PMCID: PMC6262649 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether (1) the in vitro expression of epithelial basement membrane components nidogen-1, nidogen-2, and perlecan by keratocytes, corneal fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts is modulated by cytokines/growth factors, and (2) perlecan protein is produced by stromal cells after photorefractive keratectomy. Methods Marker-verified rabbit keratocytes, corneal fibroblasts, myofibroblasts were stimulated with TGF-β1, IL-1α, IL-1β, TGF-β3, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, or PDGF-AB. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect expression of nidogen-1, nidogen-2, and perlecan mRNAs. Western blotting evaluated changes in protein expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed on rabbit corneas for perlecan, alpha-smooth muscle actin, keratocan, vimentin, and CD45 at time points from 1 day to 1 month after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Results IL-1α or -1β significantly upregulated perlecan mRNA expression in keratocytes. TGF-β1 or -β3 markedly downregulated nidogen-1 or -2 mRNA expression in keratocytes. None of these cytokines had significant effects on nidogen-1, -2, or perlecan mRNA expression in corneal fibroblasts or myofibroblasts. IL-1α significantly upregulated, while TGF-β1 significantly downregulated, perlecan protein expression in keratocytes. Perlecan protein expression was upregulated in anterior stromal cells at 1 and 2 days after −4.5 or −9 diopters (D) PRK, but the subepithelial localization of perlecan became disrupted at 7 days and later time points in −9-D PRK corneas when myofibroblasts populated the anterior stroma. Conclusions IL-1 and TGF-β1 have opposing effects on perlecan and nidogen expression by keratocytes in vitro. Proximate participation of keratocytes is likely needed to regenerate normal epithelial basement membrane after corneal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla S Medeiros
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Luciana Lassance
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | | | - Steven E Wilson
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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19
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Bizzarro V, Belvedere R, Pessolano E, Parente L, Petrella F, Perretti M, Petrella A. Mesoglycan induces keratinocyte activation by triggering syndecan‐4 pathway and the formation of the annexin A1/S100A11 complex. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20174-20192. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luca Parente
- Department of Pharmacy University of Salerno Salerno Italy
| | - Francesco Petrella
- Department of Primary Care, Wound Care Service Health Local Agency Naples 3 South Napoli Italy
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
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20
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Roger M, Fullard N, Costello L, Bradbury S, Markiewicz E, O'Reilly S, Darling N, Ritchie P, Määttä A, Karakesisoglou I, Nelson G, von Zglinicki T, Dicolandrea T, Isfort R, Bascom C, Przyborski S. Bioengineering the microanatomy of human skin. J Anat 2019; 234:438-455. [PMID: 30740672 PMCID: PMC6422806 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recreating the structure of human tissues in the laboratory is valuable for fundamental research, testing interventions, and reducing the use of animals. Critical to the use of such technology is the ability to produce tissue models that accurately reproduce the microanatomy of the native tissue. Current artificial cell-based skin systems lack thorough characterisation, are not representative of human skin, and can show variation. In this study, we have developed a novel full thickness model of human skin comprised of epidermal and dermal compartments. Using an inert porous scaffold, we created a dermal construct using human fibroblasts that secrete their own extracellular matrix proteins, which avoids the use of animal-derived materials. The dermal construct acts as a foundation upon which epidermal keratinocytes were seeded and differentiated into a stratified keratinised epithelium. In-depth morphological analyses of the model demonstrated very close similarities with native human skin. Extensive immunostaining and electron microscopy analysis revealed ultrastructural details such as keratohyalin granules and lamellar bodies within the stratum granulosum, specialised junctional complexes, and the presence of a basal lamina. These features reflect the functional characteristics and barrier properties of the skin equivalent. Robustness and reproducibility of in vitro models are important attributes in experimental practice, and we demonstrate the consistency of the skin construct between different users. In summary, a new model of full thickness human skin has been developed that possesses microanatomical features reminiscent of native tissue. This skin model platform will be of significant interest to scientists researching the structure and function of human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Steven O'Reilly
- Department of Health and Life SciencesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastleUK
| | | | | | - Arto Määttä
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | | | - Glyn Nelson
- Institute for Ageing and HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleUK
| | | | | | - Robert Isfort
- Mason Business Centre, Procter & GambleMason, CincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Charles Bascom
- Mason Business Centre, Procter & GambleMason, CincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
- Reprocell EuropeSedgefieldUK
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21
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Kwak H, Shin S, Lee H, Hyun J. Formation of a keratin layer with silk fibroin-polyethylene glycol composite hydrogel fabricated by digital light processing 3D printing. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Effect of synthetic surfactants and soapwort (Saponaria officinalis L.) extract on skin-mimetic model lipid monolayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:556-564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Basement membranes in the cornea and other organs that commonly develop fibrosis. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:439-453. [PMID: 30284084 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes are thin connective tissue structures composed of organ-specific assemblages of collagens, laminins, proteoglycan-like perlecan, nidogens, and other components. Traditionally, basement membranes are thought of as structures which primarily function to anchor epithelial, endothelial, or parenchymal cells to underlying connective tissues. While this role is important, other functions such as the modulation of growth factors and cytokines that regulate cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and fibrosis are equally important. An example of this is the critical role of both the epithelial basement membrane and Descemet's basement membrane in the cornea in modulating myofibroblast development and fibrosis, as well as myofibroblast apoptosis and the resolution of fibrosis. This article compares the ultrastructure and functions of key basement membranes in several organs to illustrate the variability and importance of these structures in organs that commonly develop fibrosis.
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24
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Medeiros CS, Marino GK, Santhiago MR, Wilson SE. The Corneal Basement Membranes and Stromal Fibrosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:4044-4053. [PMID: 30098200 PMCID: PMC6088801 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this review was to provide detailed insights into the pathophysiology of myofibroblast-mediated fibrosis (scarring or late haze) after corneal injury, surgery, or infection. Method Literature review. Results The epithelium and epithelial basement membrane (EBM) and/or endothelium and Descemet's basement membrane (BM) are commonly disrupted after corneal injuries, surgeries, and infections. Regeneration of these critical regulatory structures relies on the coordinated production of BM components, including laminins, nidogens, perlecan, and collagen type IV by epithelial, endothelial, and keratocyte cells. Whether a cornea, or an area in the cornea, heals with transparency or fibrosis may be determined by whether there is injury to one or both corneal basement membranes (EBM and/or Descemet's BM) and delayed or defective regeneration or replacement of the BM. These opaque myofibroblasts, and the disordered extracellular matrix these cells produce, persist in the stroma until the EBM and/or Descemet's BM is regenerated or replaced. Conclusions Corneal stromal fibrosis (also termed "stromal scarring" or "late haze") occurs as a consequence of BM injury and defective regeneration in both the anterior (EBM) and posterior (Descemet's BM) cornea. The resolution of fibrosis and return of stromal transparency depends on reestablished BM structure and function. It is hypothesized that defective regeneration of the EBM or Descemet's BM allows key profibrotic growth factors, including transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β2, to penetrate the stroma at sustained levels necessary to drive the development and maintenance of mature opacity-producing myofibroblasts from myofibroblast precursors cells, and studies suggest that perlecan and collagen type IV are the critical components in EBM and Descemet's BM that bind TGF-β1, TGF-β2, platelet-derived growth factor, and possibly other growth factors, and regulate their bioavailability and function during homeostasis and corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S. Medeiros
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology at University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo K. Marino
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology at University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcony R. Santhiago
- Department of Ophthalmology at University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Steven E. Wilson
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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25
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Limandjaja GC, van den Broek LJ, Breetveld M, Waaijman T, Monstrey S, de Boer EM, Scheper RJ, Niessen FB, Gibbs S. Characterization of In Vitro Reconstructed Human Normotrophic, Hypertrophic, and Keloid Scar Models. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:242-253. [PMID: 29490604 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand scar pathology, develop new drugs, and provide a platform for personalized medicine, physiologically relevant human scar models are required, which are characteristic of different scar pathologies. Hypertrophic scars and keloids are two types of abnormal scar resulting from unknown abnormalities in the wound healing process. While they display different clinical behavior, differentiation between the two can be difficult-which in turn means that it is difficult to develop optimal therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to develop in vitro reconstructed human hypertrophic and keloid scar models and compare these to normotrophic scar and normal skin models to identify distinguishing biomarkers. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts from normal skin and scar types (normotrophic, hypertrophic, keloid) were used to reconstruct skin models. All skin models showed a reconstructed differentiated epidermis on a fibroblast populated collagen-elastin matrix. Both abnormal scar types showed increased contraction, dermal thickness, and myofibroblast staining compared to normal skin and normotrophic scar. Notably, the expression of extracellular matrix associated genes showed distinguishing profiles between all scar types and normal skin (hyaluronan synthase-1, matrix-metalloprotease-3), between keloid and normal skin (collagen type IV), between normal scar and keloid (laminin α1), and between keloid and hypertrophic scar (matrix-metalloprotease-1, integrin α5). Also, inflammatory cytokine and growth factor secretion (CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL8, CCL27, IL-6, HGF) showed differential secretion between scar types. Our results strongly suggest that abnormal scars arise from different pathologies rather than simply being on different ends of the scarring spectrum. Furthermore, such normal skin and scar models together with biomarkers, which distinguish the different scar types, would provide an animal free, physiologically relevant scar diagnostic and drug testing platform for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Limandjaja
- 1 Department of Dermatology, VU Medical Centre (VUMC) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Melanie Breetveld
- 1 Department of Dermatology, VU Medical Centre (VUMC) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco Waaijman
- 1 Department of Dermatology, VU Medical Centre (VUMC) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stan Monstrey
- 2 Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Ghent , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Edith M de Boer
- 1 Department of Dermatology, VU Medical Centre (VUMC) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik J Scheper
- 3 Department of Pathology, VU Medical Centre (VUMC) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank B Niessen
- 4 Department of Plastic Surgery, VU Medical Centre (VUMC) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- 1 Department of Dermatology, VU Medical Centre (VUMC) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands .,5 Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chermnykh E, Kalabusheva E, Vorotelyak E. Extracellular Matrix as a Regulator of Epidermal Stem Cell Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041003. [PMID: 29584689 PMCID: PMC5979429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal stem cells reside within the specific anatomic location, called niche, which is a microenvironment that interacts with stem cells to regulate their fate. Regulation of many important processes, including maintenance of stem cell quiescence, self-renewal, and homeostasis, as well as the regulation of division and differentiation, are common functions of the stem cell niche. As it was shown in multiple studies, extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes a lot to stem cell niches in various tissues, including that of skin. In epidermis, ECM is represented, primarily, by a highly specialized ECM structure, basement membrane (BM), which separates the epidermal and dermal compartments. Epidermal stem cells contact with BM, but when they lose the contact and migrate to the overlying layers, they undergo terminal differentiation. When considering all of these factors, ECM is of fundamental importance in regulating epidermal stem cells maintenance, proper mobilization, and differentiation. Here, we summarize the remarkable progress that has recently been made in the research of ECM role in regulating epidermal stem cell fate, paying special attention to the hair follicle stem cell niche. We show that the destruction of ECM components impairs epidermal stem cell morphogenesis and homeostasis. A deep understanding of ECM molecular structure as well as the development of in vitro system for stem cell maintaining by ECM proteins may bring us to developing new approaches for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Chermnykh
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Kalabusheva
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Vorotelyak
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Lee HY. Improvement of skin barrier dysfunction by Scutellaria baicalensis GEOGI extracts through lactic acid fermentation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018. [PMID: 29543386 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of an alternative medicine to treat atopic dermatitis (AD) from natural sources is necessary. AIMS To improve skin barrier dysfunction by enhancing the differentiation of human keratinocytes with the fermented Scutellaria baicalensis. METHODS Scutellaria baicalensis was fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum and extracted with 70% ethanol (FE). Antioxidant activities and the regulation of the gene expression related to keratinocyte differentiation were measured as well as its proliferation. RESULT This work first proved that the FE had multiple activities, both increasing keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation: The FE greatly up-regulated expression of the genes of keratinocyte differentiation such as involucrin, keratin 10, and transglutaminase-1 (TG-1) up to 4.06-fold, which was 3 times higher than the 2 other extracts. The effect of baicalein on keratinocyte differentiation was also first found; however, its efficacy was lower than that of the fermented extract. The FE proved to effectively accelerate keratinocyte differentiation, rather than to initiate the differentiation, and also showed an ability of stimulating keratinocyte proliferation up to 2.8 × 106 viable cells/mL as well as 70.24 ng/mL of collagen production in fibroblasts. High efficacy of the FE was confirmed by synergistic effects of large amounts of various bioactive substances in the extracts as baicalein alone did not show remarkable effects and even positive controls had not much better activities than the FE. CONCLUSION The fermented extract was able to improve skin barrier dysfunction, and the ointment with 1%-5% (v/v) of the extract be directly used for skin clinical trials to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Seowon University, Cheongju, Korea
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Perry G, Xiao W, Welsh GI, Perriman AW, Lennon R. Engineered basement membranes: from in vivo considerations to cell-based assays. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 10:680-695. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00138c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Engineered basement membranes are required to mimic in vivo properties within cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Perry
- Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire d’Electronique et d’Electromagnétisme
- F-75005 Paris
- France
| | - Wenjin Xiao
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol
- BS8 1TD Bristol
- UK
| | - Gavin I. Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol
- BS1 3NY Bristol
- UK
| | - Adam W. Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol
- BS8 1TD Bristol
- UK
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester
- M13 9PT Manchester
- UK
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Mieremet A, Rietveld M, van Dijk R, Bouwstra JA, El Ghalbzouri A. Recapitulation of Native Dermal Tissue in a Full-Thickness Human Skin Model Using Human Collagens. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 24:873-881. [PMID: 29130419 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Full-thickness skin models comprise a three-dimensional dermal equivalent based on an animal-derived collagen matrix that harbors fibroblasts and an epidermal equivalent formed by keratinocytes. The functionality of both equivalents is influenced by many factors, including extracellular matrix composition and resident cell type. Animal-derived collagens differ in amino acid composition and physicochemical properties from human collagens. This composition could alter the functionality of the dermal equivalent and epidermal morphogenesis with the barrier formation in full-thickness models (FTMs). By replacement of animal-derived collagen for human collagen, we generated and characterized the animal material-free human collagen full-thickness models (hC-FTMs) that better mimic native dermal tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS An isolation procedure to obtain soluble collagen from human abdominal dermis was developed. Both FTMs and hC-FTMs were generated with primary human fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Immunohistochemical analyses with biomarkers for the dermal matrix composition, basement membrane (BM) formation, epidermal proliferation, differentiation, and activation were performed. The stratum corneum (SC) lipid composition was studied with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Lipid lamellar organization was determined by small-angle X-ray diffraction. RESULTS The FTMs and hC-FTMs exhibit many similarities, including the dermal matrix structure, BM formation, epidermal basal layer proliferation, and execution of differentiation programs. The SC contains a similar number of corneocyte layers and the same level of lipids. The ceramide chain length distribution and ceramide subclass profile showed only minor differences. Subsequently, this led to an unaltered lamellar organization. CONCLUSION The animal material-free hC-FTM is generated successfully using collagens isolated from human abdominal dermis. Utilization of human collagens revealed that (epi-)dermal morphogenesis and lipid barrier formation resembled that of original FTMs. The hC-FTMs contain a dermal equivalent that mimics the native stromal tissue to a higher extent. Therefore these in vitro skin models can be used as promising tool for research purposes that contribute to animal-free experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnout Mieremet
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Rietveld
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne van Dijk
- 2 Division of Drug Delivery Technology, LACDR, Leiden University , Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joke A Bouwstra
- 2 Division of Drug Delivery Technology, LACDR, Leiden University , Leiden, The Netherlands
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Tan J, Zhao C, Zhou J, Duan K, Wang J, Lu X, Weng J, Feng B. Co-culturing epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts on nano-structured titanium surfaces. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:288-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mieremet A, Rietveld M, Absalah S, van Smeden J, Bouwstra JA, El Ghalbzouri A. Improved epidermal barrier formation in human skin models by chitosan modulated dermal matrices. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174478. [PMID: 28333992 PMCID: PMC5363943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Full thickness human skin models (FTMs) contain an epidermal and a dermal equivalent. The latter is composed of a collagen dermal matrix which harbours fibroblasts. Current epidermal barrier properties of FTMs do not fully resemble that of native human skin (NHS), which makes these human skin models less suitable for barrier related studies. To further enhance the resemblance of NHS for epidermal morphogenesis and barrier formation, we modulated the collagen dermal matrix with the biocompatible polymer chitosan. Herein, we report that these collagen-chitosan FTMs (CC-FTMs) possess a well-organized epidermis and maintain both the early and late differentiation programs as in FTMs. Distinctively, the epidermal cell activation is reduced in CC-FTMs to levels observed in NHS. Dermal-epidermal interactions are functional in both FTM types, based on the formation of the basement membrane. Evaluation of the barrier structure by the organization of the extracellular lipid matrix of the stratum corneum revealed an elongated repeat distance of the long periodicity phase. The ceramide composition exhibited a higher resemblance of the NHS, based on the carbon chain-length distribution and subclass profile. The inside-out barrier functionality indicated by the transepidermal water loss is significantly improved in the CC-FTMs. The expression of epidermal barrier lipid processing enzymes is marginally affected, although more restricted to a single granular layer. The novel CC-FTM resembles the NHS more closely, which makes them a promising tool for epidermal barrier related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnout Mieremet
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Rietveld
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Samira Absalah
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Smeden
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joke A. Bouwstra
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Benny P, Badowski C, Lane EB, Raghunath M. Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27585070 DOI: 10.3791/53642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein family of collagens represents the main structural proteins in the human body, and are key components of biomaterials used in modern tissue engineering. A technical bottleneck is the deposition of collagen in vitro, as it is notoriously slow, resulting in sub-optimal formation of connective tissue and subsequent tissue cohesion, particularly in skin models. Here, we describe a method which involves the addition of differentially-sized sucrose co-polymers to skin cultures to generate macromolecular crowding (MMC), which results in a dramatic enhancement of collagen deposition. Particularly, dermal fibroblasts deposited a significant amount of collagen I/IV/VII and fibronectin under MMC in comparison to controls. The protocol also describes a method to decellularize crowded cell layers, exposing significant amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) which were retained on the culture surface as evidenced by immunocytochemistry. Total matrix mass and distribution pattern was studied using interference reflection microscopy. Interestingly, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and co-cultures produced cell-derived matrices (CDM) of varying composition and morphology. CDM could be used as "bio-scaffolds" for secondary cell seeding, where the current use of coatings or scaffolds, typically from xenogenic animal sources, can be avoided, thus moving towards more clinically relevant applications. In addition, this protocol describes the application of MMC during the submerged phase of a 3D-organotypic skin co-culture model which was sufficient to enhance ECM deposition in the dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ), in particular, collagen VII, the major component of anchoring fibrils. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of anchoring fibrils in cultures developed with MMC, as compared to controls. This is significant as anchoring fibrils tether the dermis to the epidermis, hence, having a pre-formed mature DEJ may benefit skin graft recipients in terms of graft stability and overall wound healing. Furthermore, culture time was condensed from 5 weeks to 3 weeks to obtain a mature construct, when using MMC, reducing costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Benny
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR;
| | - Cedric Badowski
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR
| | - E Birgitte Lane
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore
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33
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Methods to study differences in cell mobility during skin wound healing in vitro. J Biomech 2016; 49:1381-1387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Chua AWC, Khoo YC, Tan BK, Tan KC, Foo CL, Chong SJ. Skin tissue engineering advances in severe burns: review and therapeutic applications. BURNS & TRAUMA 2016; 4:3. [PMID: 27574673 PMCID: PMC4963933 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-016-0027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Current advances in basic stem cell research and tissue engineering augur well for the development of improved cultured skin tissue substitutes: a class of products that is still fraught with limitations for clinical use. Although the ability to grow autologous keratinocytes in-vitro from a small skin biopsy into sheets of stratified epithelium (within 3 to 4 weeks) helped alleviate the problem of insufficient donor site for extensive burn, many burn units still have to grapple with insufficient skin allografts which are used as intermediate wound coverage after burn excision. Alternatives offered by tissue-engineered skin dermal replacements to meet emergency demand have been used fairly successfully. Despite the availability of these commercial products, they all suffer from the same problems of extremely high cost, sub-normal skin microstructure and inconsistent engraftment, especially in full thickness burns. Clinical practice for severe burn treatment has since evolved to incorporate these tissue-engineered skin substitutes, usually as an adjunct to speed up epithelization for wound closure and/or to improve quality of life by improving the functional and cosmetic results long-term. This review seeks to bring the reader through the beginnings of skin tissue engineering, the utilization of some of the key products developed for the treatment of severe burns and the hope of harnessing stem cells to improve on current practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Wen Choong Chua
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 20 College Road, Academia Level 4, Singapore, 169845 Singapore ; Singapore General Hospital, Skin Bank Unit, Block 4 Level 3 Room 15, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore ; Transplant Tissue Centre, c/o Skin Bank Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Block 4 Level 3 Room A7, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
| | - Yik Cheong Khoo
- Singapore General Hospital, Skin Bank Unit, Block 4 Level 3 Room 15, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore ; Transplant Tissue Centre, c/o Skin Bank Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Block 4 Level 3 Room A7, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
| | - Bien Keem Tan
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 20 College Road, Academia Level 4, Singapore, 169845 Singapore ; Singapore General Hospital, Skin Bank Unit, Block 4 Level 3 Room 15, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore ; Transplant Tissue Centre, c/o Skin Bank Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Block 4 Level 3 Room A7, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
| | - Kok Chai Tan
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 20 College Road, Academia Level 4, Singapore, 169845 Singapore ; Singapore General Hospital, Skin Bank Unit, Block 4 Level 3 Room 15, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
| | - Chee Liam Foo
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 20 College Road, Academia Level 4, Singapore, 169845 Singapore ; Singapore General Hospital, Skin Bank Unit, Block 4 Level 3 Room 15, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
| | - Si Jack Chong
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 20 College Road, Academia Level 4, Singapore, 169845 Singapore ; Singapore General Hospital, Skin Bank Unit, Block 4 Level 3 Room 15, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore ; Transplant Tissue Centre, c/o Skin Bank Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Block 4 Level 3 Room A7, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
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Bergler-Czop B, Arasiewicz H, Brzezińska-Wcisło L. Cicatricial alopecia: What’s new in etiology? EUR J INFLAMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x15617169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cicatricial alopecia is a rare, clinically diversified set of disorders causing permanent and irreversible hair loss, which often results in serious discomfort and patient’s mental problems.Clinically, this form of irreversible hair loss is characterized by visible loss of hair follicle openings in the bald spots. Histologically, it consists in destroying a hair follicle and replacing it with fibrocartilage. Such disorders are perceived as primary if a hair follicle itself is the target of the disease process and secondary if hair follicles are damaged incidentally in the context of more general tissue damage (e.g. deep skin infections, thermal burns, trauma or ionizing radiation).In this article we tried to summarize the knowledge on possible pathogenic mechanisms of cicatricial alopecia. The presented factors usually overlap and affect prognosis of particular patients. Their profound understanding may enable further research on the treatment methods of this challenging disease unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Bergler-Czop
- School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Dermatology, Francuska 20–24, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| | - Hubert Arasiewicz
- School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Dermatology, Francuska 20–24, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ligia Brzezińska-Wcisło
- School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Dermatology, Francuska 20–24, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
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Dermal Contributions to Human Interfollicular Epidermal Architecture and Self-Renewal. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28098-107. [PMID: 26602926 PMCID: PMC4691026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human interfollicular epidermis is renewed throughout life by populations of proliferating basal keratinocytes. Though interfollicular keratinocyte stem cells have been identified, it is not known how self-renewal in this compartment is spatially organized. At the epidermal-dermal junction, keratinocytes sit atop a heterogeneous mix of dermal cells that may regulate keratinocyte self-renewal by influencing local tissue architecture and signalling microenvironments. Focusing on the rete ridges and complementary dermal papillae in human skin, we review the identity and organisation of abundant dermal cells types and present evidence for interactions between the dermal microenvironment and the interfollicular keratinocytes.
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Berning M, Prätzel-Wunder S, Bickenbach JR, Boukamp P. Three-Dimensional In Vitro Skin and Skin Cancer Models Based on Human Fibroblast-Derived Matrix. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:958-70. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Berning
- Department of Genetics of Skin Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silke Prätzel-Wunder
- Department of Genetics of Skin Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jackie R. Bickenbach
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Petra Boukamp
- Department of Genetics of Skin Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- IUF–Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Golinski P, Menke H, Hofmann M, Valesky E, Butting M, Kippenberger S, Bereiter-Hahn J, Bernd A, Kaufmann R, Zoeller NN. Development and Characterization of an Engraftable Tissue-Cultured Skin Autograft: Alternative Treatment for Severe Electrical Injuries. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 200:227-39. [PMID: 26303436 DOI: 10.1159/000433519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Optimizing the treatment regimens of extensive or nonhealing defects is a constant challenge. Tissue-cultured skin autografts may be an alternative to mesh grafts and keratinocyte suspensions that are applied during surgical defect coverage. METHODS Autologous epidermal and dermal cells were isolated, in vitro expanded and seeded on collagen-elastin scaffolds. The developed autograft was immunohistochemically and electron microscopically characterized. Subsequently, it was transplanted onto lesions of a severely burned patient. RESULTS Comparability of the skin equivalent to healthy human skin could be shown due to the epidermal strata, differentiation, proliferation markers and development of characteristics of a functional basal lamina. Approximately 2 weeks after skin equivalent transplantation the emerging new skin correlated closely to the adjacent normal skin. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates the comparability of the developed organotypic skin equivalent to healthy human skin and its versatility for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Golinski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Fibroblast heterogeneity and its implications for engineering organotypic skin models in vitro. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:483-512. [PMID: 26344860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cell culture methods, multidisciplinary research, clinical need to replace lost skin tissues and regulatory need to replace animal models with alternative test methods has led to development of three dimensional models of human skin. In general, these in vitro models of skin consist of keratinocytes cultured over fibroblast-populated dermal matrices. Accumulating evidences indicate that mesenchyme-derived signals are essential for epidermal morphogenesis, homeostasis and differentiation. Various studies show that fibroblasts isolated from different tissues in the body are dynamic in nature and are morphologically and functionally heterogeneous subpopulations. Further, these differences seem to be dictated by the local biological and physical microenvironment the fibroblasts reside resulting in "positional identity or memory". Furthermore, the heterogeneity among the fibroblasts play a critical role in scarless wound healing and complete restoration of native tissue architecture in fetus and oral mucosa; and excessive scar formation in diseased states like keloids and hypertrophic scars. In this review, we summarize current concepts about the heterogeneity among fibroblasts and their role in various wound healing environments. Further, we contemplate how the insights on fibroblast heterogeneity could be applied for the development of next generation organotypic skin models.
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40
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Barker A. Skin structure. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118655412.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bereiter-Hahn J, Bernd A, Beschmann H, Eberle I, Kippenberger S, Rossberg M, Strecker V, Zöller N. Cellular responses to egg-oil (charismon©). ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2014; 57:41-8. [PMID: 25257149 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2014.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Egg-oil (Charismon©) is known for its beneficial action in wound healing and other skin irritancies and its antibacterial activity. The physiological basis for these actions has been investigated using cells in culture: HaCaT-cells (immortalized human keratinocytes), human endothelial cells in culture (HUVEC), peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBML) and a full thickness human skin model (FTSM). Emphasis was on the influence of egg-oil on cell migration and IL-8 production in HaCaT cells, respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen (ROS) production and proliferation in HUVEC and HaCaT cells, cytokine and interleukin production in PBML and UV-light induced damage of FTSM. IL-8 production by HaCaT cells is stimulated by egg-oil whilst in phythemagglutin in-activated PBMLs production of the interleukins IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ and TFN-α is reduced. ROS-production after H(2)O(2) stimulation first is enhanced but later on reduced. Respiration becomes activated due to partial uncoupling of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and proliferation of HaCaT and HUVEC is reduced. Recovery of human epidermis cells in FTSM after UV-irradiation is strongly supported by egg-oil. These results support the view that egg-oil acts through reduction of inflammatory processes and ROS production. Both these processes are equally important in cellular aging as in healing of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn
- Kinematic Cell Research Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - August Bernd
- Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heike Beschmann
- Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Irina Eberle
- Kinematic Cell Research Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Kippenberger
- Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maila Rossberg
- Kinematic Cell Research Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Valentina Strecker
- Kinematic Cell Research Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadja Zöller
- Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Benny P, Badowski C, Lane EB, Raghunath M. Making more matrix: enhancing the deposition of dermal-epidermal junction components in vitro and accelerating organotypic skin culture development, using macromolecular crowding. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 21:183-92. [PMID: 25058150 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is one of the most accessible tissues for experimental biomedical sciences, and cultured skin cells represent one of the longest-running clinical applications of stem cell therapy. However, culture-generated skin mimetic multicellular structures are still limited in their application by the time taken to develop these constructs in vitro and by their incomplete differentiation. The development of a functional dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) is one of the most sought after aspects of cultured skin, and one of the hardest to recreate in vitro. At the DEJ, dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes interact to form an interlinked basement membrane of extracellular matrix (ECM), which forms as a concerted action of both keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Successful formation of this basement membrane is essential for take and stability of cultured skin autografts. We studied interactive matrix production by monocultures and cocultures of primary human keratinocytes and fibroblasts in an attempt to improve the efficiency of basement membrane production in culture using mixed macromolecular crowding (mMMC); resulting ECM were enriched with the deposition of collagens I, IV, fibronectin, and laminin 332 (laminin 5) and also in collagen VII, the anchoring fibril component. Our in vitro data point to fibroblasts, rather than keratinocytes, as the major cellular contributors of the DEJ. Not only did we find more collagen VII production and deposition by fibroblasts in comparison to keratinocytes, but also observed that decellularized fibroblast ECM stimulated the production and deposition of collagen VII by keratinocytes, over and above that of keratinocyte monocultures. In confrontation cultures, keratinocytes and fibroblasts showed spontaneous segregation and demarcation of cell boundaries by DEJ protein deposition. Finally, mMMC was used in a classical organotypic coculture protocol with keratinocytes seeded over fibroblast-containing collagen gels. Applied during the submerged phase, mMMC was sufficient to accelerate the emergence of collagen VII along the de novo DEJ, together with stronger transglutaminase activity in the neoepidermis. Our findings corroborate the role of fibroblasts as important players in producing collagen VII and inducing collagen VII deposition in the DEJ, and that macromolecular crowding leads to organotypic epidermal differentiation in tissue culture in a significantly condensed time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Benny
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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Zöller N, Valesky E, Butting M, Hofmann M, Kippenberger S, Bereiter-Hahn J, Bernd A, Kaufmann R. Clinical application of a tissue-cultured skin autograft: an alternative for the treatment of non-healing or slowly healing wounds? Dermatology 2014; 229:190-8. [PMID: 25227494 DOI: 10.1159/000362927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment regime of non-healing or slowly healing wounds is constantly improving. One aspect is surgical defect coverage whereby mesh grafts and keratinocyte suspension are applied. OBJECTIVE Tissue-cultured skin autografts may be an alternative for the treatment of full-thickness wounds and wounds that cover large areas of the body surface. METHODS Autologous epidermal and dermal cells were isolated, expanded in vitro and seeded on collagen-elastin scaffolds. The developed autograft was immunohistochemically characterized and subsequently transplanted onto a facial chronic ulceration of a 71-year-old patient with vulnerable atrophic skin. RESULTS Characterization of the skin equivalent revealed comparability to healthy human skin due to the epidermal strata, differentiation and proliferation markers. Within 138 days, the skin structure at the transplantation site closely correlated with the adjacent undisturbed skin. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates the comparability of the developed organotypic skin equivalent to healthy human skin and the versatility for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Zöller
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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44
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Zonari A, Cerqueira MT, Novikoff S, Goes AM, Marques AP, Correlo VM, Reis RL. Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co
-hydroxyvalerate) Bilayer Skin Tissue Engineering Constructs with Improved Epidermal Rearrangement. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:977-90. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zonari
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology; Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais; Caixa Postal 486, CEP 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Mariana T. Cerqueira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Silviene Novikoff
- Department of Nephrology; Federal University of São Paulo; CEP: 04.023-900 São Paulo- SP Brazil
| | - Alfredo M. Goes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology; Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais; Caixa Postal 486, CEP 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Alexandra P. Marques
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Vitor M. Correlo
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
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45
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Simpson DG. Dermal templates and the wound-healing paradigm: the promise of tissue regeneration. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 3:471-84. [PMID: 16866644 DOI: 10.1586/17434440.3.4.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dermal regeneration templates arguably represent the first and most clinically successful 'tissue engineering' solution designed for organ reconstruction. Wound healing in the skin normally occurs on a continuum. At one extreme of the continuum lies the promise of tissue regeneration and the complete restoration of normal structure and function. Unfortunately, in the adult, all too often, wound healing occurs at the other extreme of the continuum and the dermis is reconstituted as scar tissue. Dermal regeneration templates are designed to manage the wound-healing process and tip the scales toward regeneration. This review discusses the architecture and molecular composition of the skin and the events that mediate wound healing and scar formation. The development, evolution and commercialization of dermal templates are examined and the clinical and business considerations that drive the product-development cycle are discussed. In the near term, dermal templates cannot be expected to dramatically change in overall composition. Product development will be dominated by continued refinements of existing templates and the field of use will continue to expand as manufacturers seek to increase revenue and capture market share. Continued exploration of novel processing strategies, such as electrospinning, that can be used to fabricate nanoscale biomaterials, may provide a gateway to the next generation of dermal templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Simpson
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA.
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46
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Haisma EM, Rietveld MH, de Breij A, van Dissel JT, El Ghalbzouri A, Nibbering PH. Inflammatory and antimicrobial responses to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro wound infection model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82800. [PMID: 24340061 PMCID: PMC3858326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of patients with burn wound infections may become complicated by the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and biofilms. Herein, we demonstrate an in vitro thermal wound infection model using human skin equivalents (HSE) and biofilm-forming methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for the testing of agents to combat such infections. Application of a liquid nitrogen-cooled metal device on HSE produced reproducible wounds characterized by keratinocyte death, detachment of the epidermal layer from the dermis, and re-epithelialization. Thermal wounding was accompanied by up-regulation of markers for keratinocyte activation, inflammation, and antimicrobial responses. Exposure of thermal wounded HSEs to MRSA resulted in significant numbers of adherent MRSA/HSE after 1 hour, and multiplication of these bacteria over 24-48 hours. Exposure to MRSA enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators such as TLR2 (but not TLR3), IL-6 and IL-8, and antimicrobial proteins human β-defensin-2, -3 and RNAse7 by thermal wounded as compared to control HSEs. Moreover, locally applied mupirocin effectively reduced MRSA counts on (thermal wounded) HSEs by more than 99.9% within 24 hours. Together, these data indicate that this thermal wound infection model is a promising tool to study the initial phase of wound colonization and infection, and to assess local effects of candidate antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M. Haisma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Marion H. Rietveld
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna de Breij
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap T. van Dissel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter H. Nibbering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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47
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Clement AL, Moutinho TJ, Pins GD. Micropatterned dermal-epidermal regeneration matrices create functional niches that enhance epidermal morphogenesis. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:9474-84. [PMID: 23958778 PMCID: PMC3818337 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although tissue engineered skin substitutes have demonstrated some clinical success for the treatment of chronic wounds such as diabetic and venous ulcers, persistent graft take and stability remain concerns. Current bilayered skin substitutes lack the characteristic microtopography of the dermal-epidermal junction that gives skin enhanced mechanical stability and creates cellular microniches that differentially promote keratinocyte function to form skin appendages and enhance wound healing. We developed a novel micropatterned dermal-epidermal regeneration matrix (μDERM) which incorporates this complex topography and substantially enhances epidermal morphology. Here, we describe the use of this three-dimensional (3-D) in vitro culture model to systematically evaluate different topographical geometries and to determine their relationship to keratinocyte function. We identified three distinct keratinocyte functional niches: the proliferative niche (narrow geometries), the basement membrane protein synthesis niche (wide geometries) and the putative keratinocyte stem cell niche (narrow geometries and corners). Specifically, epidermal thickness and keratinocyte proliferation is significantly (p<0.05) increased in 50 and 100 μm channels while laminin-332 deposition is significantly (p<0.05) increased in 400 μm channels compared to flat controls. Additionally, β1(bri)p63(+) keratinocytes, putative keratinocyte stem cells, preferentially cluster in channel geometries (similar to clustering observed in native skin) compared to a random distribution on flats. This study identifies specific target geometries to enhance skin regeneration and graft performance. Furthermore, these results suggest the importance of μDERM microtopography in designing the next generation of skin substitutes. Finally, we anticipate that 3-D organotypic cultures on μDERMS will provide a novel tissue engineered skin substitute for in vitro investigations of skin morphogenesis, wound healing and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Clement
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
- Bioengineering Institute, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
| | - Thomas J. Moutinho
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
- Bioengineering Institute, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
| | - George D. Pins
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
- Bioengineering Institute, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
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48
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van Kilsdonk JWJ, van den Bogaard EH, Jansen PAM, Bos C, Bergers M, Schalkwijk J. An in vitro wound healing model for evaluation of dermal substitutes. Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:890-6. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen W. J. van Kilsdonk
- Department of Dermatology; Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ellen H. van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology; Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Patrick A. M. Jansen
- Department of Dermatology; Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Bos
- Department of Dermatology; Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Bergers
- Department of Dermatology; Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology; Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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49
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Catalina M, Cot J, Borras M, Lapuente JD, González J, Balu AM, Luque R. From Waste to Healing Biopolymers: Biomedical Applications of Bio-Collagenic Materials Extracted from Industrial Leather Residues in Wound Healing. MATERIALS 2013; 6:1599-1607. [PMID: 28809231 PMCID: PMC5452514 DOI: 10.3390/ma6051599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The biomedical properties of a porous bio-collagenic polymer extracted from leather industrial waste residues have been investigated in wound healing and tissue regeneration in induced wounds in rats. Application of the pure undiluted bio-collagen to induced wounds in rats dramatically improved its healing after 7 days in terms of collagen production and wound filling as well as in the migration and differentiation of keratinocytes. The formulation tested was found to be three times more effective than the commercial reference product Catrix® (Heal Progress (HP): 8 ± 1.55 vs. 2.33 ± 0.52, p < 0.001; Formation of Collagen (FC): 7.5 ± 1.05 vs. 2.17 ± 0.75, p < 0.001; Regeneration of Epidermis (RE): 13.33 ± 5.11 vs. 5 ± 5.48, p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Catalina
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC, CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | - Jaume Cot
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC, CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | - Miquel Borras
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC, CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | - Joaquín de Lapuente
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC, CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | - Javier González
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC, CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | - Alina M Balu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. Marie Curie, Ctra. Nnal IV-A, Km 396, Córdoba E14014, Spain.
| | - Rafael Luque
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. Marie Curie, Ctra. Nnal IV-A, Km 396, Córdoba E14014, Spain.
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50
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Breitkreutz D, Koxholt I, Thiemann K, Nischt R. Skin basement membrane: the foundation of epidermal integrity--BM functions and diverse roles of bridging molecules nidogen and perlecan. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:179784. [PMID: 23586018 PMCID: PMC3618921 DOI: 10.1155/2013/179784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis functions in skin as first defense line or barrier against environmental impacts, resting on extracellular matrix (ECM) of the dermis underneath. Both compartments are connected by the basement membrane (BM), composed of a set of distinct glycoproteins and proteoglycans. Herein we are reviewing molecular aspects of BM structure, composition, and function regarding not only (i) the dermoepidermal interface but also (ii) the resident microvasculature, primarily focusing on the per se nonscaffold forming components perlecan and nidogen-1 and nidogen-2. Depletion or functional deficiencies of any BM component are lethal at some stage of development or around birth, though BM defects vary between organs and tissues. Lethality problems were overcome by developmental stage- and skin-specific gene targeting or by cell grafting and organotypic (3D) cocultures of normal or defective cells, which allows recapitulating BM formation de novo. Thus, evidence is accumulating that BM assembly and turnover rely on mechanical properties and composition of the adjacent ECM and the dynamics of molecular assembly, including further "minor" local components, nidogens largely functioning as catalysts or molecular adaptors and perlecan as bridging stabilizer. Collectively, orchestration of BM assembly, remodeling, and the role of individual players herein are determined by the developmental, tissue-specific, or functional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Breitkreutz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
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