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Raccagni AR, Mori G, de Chaurand VP, Dell'Acqua R, Cirillo DM, Oltolini C, Mazzi B, Scomazzoni F, Castagna A, Guffanti M. Long-term successfull management of recurrent episodes of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in an apparently healthy Chinese woman. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:68. [PMID: 39097716 PMCID: PMC11298074 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacteria (dNTM) infections are mostly reported among individuals with an underlying congenital or acquired immunodeficiency or receiving immunosuppressive treatment, but are rarely documented in otherwise healthy subjects. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a case of recurrent disseminated mycobacterial infection in an apparently immunocompetent Chinese woman. Mycobacterium szulgai and Mycobacterium avium-complex were identified in distinct episodes. Long-term antimycobacterial therapy was administered given the occurrence of recurrent events when off-treatment. Successful management over more than 10 years and immunologic data are reported. CONCLUSIONS This case-report highlights that dNTM should be suspected also among apparently immunocompetent hosts and that thorough assessment of underling immune-impairments is helpful to define patients' management. Long-term antimycobacterial therapy and close monitoring is required to grant successful outcomes in case of recurrent dNTM infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Mori
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Stamira D'Ancona 20, Milano, 20127, Italy
| | - Valeria Poletti de Chaurand
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dell'Acqua
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Maria Cirillo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Stamira D'Ancona 20, Milano, 20127, Italy
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Oltolini
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazzi
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Scomazzoni
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Stamira D'Ancona 20, Milano, 20127, Italy
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Guffanti
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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2
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Alroqi F, Almutairi A, Alhammadi M, Alhamdi S. Successful treatment of invasive mycobacterium infection with interferon beta in a patient with Interferon-Gamma Receptor 1 deficiency. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:102468. [PMID: 38991411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is caused by approximately 21 genetic defects, including a mutation in Interferon-Gamma Receptor 1 (IFNGR1). IFNGR1 deficiency leads to a loss of cellular responsiveness to type II Interferon (IFN-γ), which plays a significant role in controlling intracellular bacteria. This study explored the response of IFN-β therapy in a patient with partial IFNGR1 deficiency to treat invasive mycobacterial infection. The biological therapy was used successfully as an adjuvant to anti-mycobacterial medications to treat a 17-year-old girl with partial IFNGR1 deficiency who presented with a recurrent mycobacterial infection that extended to her central nervous system, which resulted in clinical and radiological improvement. This report suggests that activation of type I IFN through Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription1 (STAT1) could bypass the early IFN-γ signaling defects and activate IFN-γ production. For that reason, IFN-β might be used as a beneficial adjuvant therapy for managing extensive central nervous system mycobacterial infection, especially in patients with IFNGR1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayhan Alroqi
- Allergy and Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abduarahman Almutairi
- Allergy and Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Moza Alhammadi
- Dubai Academic Health Corporation, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shatha Alhamdi
- Allergy and Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Sittiya J, Nii T. Effects of oligosaccharides on performance, intestinal morphology, microbiota and immune reactions in laying hens challenged with dextran sodium sulfate. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104062. [PMID: 39067127 PMCID: PMC11331963 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oligosaccharide extract from bamboo shoot (BOS) on the performance, intestinal morphology, microbiota and immune reaction of laying hens challenged with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Thirty-two White Leghorn hens (480 days old) were divided into 4 groups (8 hens each) with similar mean body weights: C (basal diet), D (basal diet + DSS), B (5 g/kg BOS diet), and BD (5 g/kg BOS diet + DSS). They were administered a single oral dose of 4 mL of distilled water/kg body weight with or without 0.45 g of DSS for 7 consecutive days from the 14th d to the 21st d of the experiment. The important findings were that (1) The egg yolk ratio was decreased by DSS treatment, but it was improved by BOS treatment, which also increased the egg shell ratio. (2) The diversity of intestinal microbiota and relative abundance of 4 bacteria genera were increased by BOS treatment. (3) Intestinal morphology was not affected by DSS and BOS, but the leukocytes accumulation in the liver was increased by DSS treatment and suppressed by BOS treatment. (4) Dietary BOS treatment influenced the mRNA expression of Th-1 and Treg cytokines in the liver and Th-17 cytokines in both intestine and liver of laying hens. These results suggest that BOS may enhance egg quality, Th-1 and Th-17 immune function without causing tissue damage under normal condition, and may suppress the excessive inflammatory responses during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janjira Sittiya
- Faculty of Animal Science and Agricultural Technology, Silpakorn University, Phetchaburi 76120, Thailand
| | - Takahiro Nii
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
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4
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Little J, Rauseo AM, Zuniga-Moya JC, Spec A, Pappas P, Perfect J, McCarthy T, Schwartz IS. Clinical Mycology Today: Emerging Challenges and Opportunities. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae363. [PMID: 39045011 PMCID: PMC11263878 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium is a collective of clinicians, researchers, and educators with the common goal to advance awareness, diagnosis, and management of invasive fungal diseases. Clinical Mycology Today, the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium's biennial meeting, is dedicated to discussing the most pressing contemporary issues facing the field of clinical mycology, promoting clinical, translational, and basic science collaborations, and mentoring the next generation of clinical mycologists. Here, we review the current opportunities and challenges facing the field of mycology that arose from discussions at the 2022 meeting, with emphasis on novel host risk factors, emerging resistant fungal pathogens, the evolving antifungal pipeline, and critical issues affecting the advancement of mycology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Little
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adriana M Rauseo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Julio C Zuniga-Moya
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrej Spec
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Peter Pappas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John Perfect
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Todd McCarthy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ilan S Schwartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Kiselinova M, Naesens L, Huis In ’t Veld D, Boelens J, Van Braeckel E, Vande Weygaerde Y, Callens S. Management Challenges of Extrapulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection: A Single-Center Case Series and Literature Review. Pathogens 2023; 13:12. [PMID: 38276158 PMCID: PMC10819148 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease remains largely enigmatic, yet these mycobacteria are increasingly acknowledged as important opportunistic pathogens in humans. Traditionally, NTM infections have been identified across various anatomical locations, with the respiratory system being the most affected and best understood. Historically, extrapulmonary NTM infection was predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, with Mycobacterium avium lymphadenopathy being the most commonly reported. Today, however, because of the expanding utilization of immunosuppressive therapies and the demographic shift towards an aging population, an increasing number of NTM infections are expected and seen. Hence, a heightened index of suspicion is essential, necessitating a multifaceted approach to identification and drug sensitivity testing to improve treatment outcomes. In extrapulmonary NTM management, expert consultation is strongly recommended to determine the most efficacious treatment regimen, as individualized, patient-tailored therapies are often required. Furthermore, the economic burden of NTM disease is considerable, accompanied by high rates of hospitalization. To optimize the management of these intricate infections, there is an urgent need for comprehensive data on incidence, prevalence, and outcomes. This case-based series delves into the intricate nature of extrapulmonary NTM infections, focusing on both rapid and slow-growing NTM species, and explores therapeutic options, resistance mechanisms, and host-related immunological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kiselinova
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.N.); (S.C.)
| | - Leslie Naesens
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.N.); (S.C.)
| | - Diana Huis In ’t Veld
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.N.); (S.C.)
| | - Jerina Boelens
- Department of Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Eva Van Braeckel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (Y.V.W.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Steven Callens
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.N.); (S.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Abidin MR, Alpan O, Plassmeyer M, Kozhaya L, Loizou D, Dogan M, Upchurch Z, Manes NP, Nita-Lazar A, Unutmaz D, Sønder SU. STAT4 Phosphorylation of T-helper Cells predicts surgical outcomes in Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.11.23299743. [PMID: 38168423 PMCID: PMC10760250 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.11.23299743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) impacts an estimated 5% to 15% of people worldwide, incurring significant economic healthcare burden. There is a urgent need for the discovery of predictive biomarkers to improve treatment strategies and outcomes for CRS patients. Study design Cohort study of CRS patients and healthy controls using blood samples. Setting Out-patient clinics. Methods Whole blood samples were collected for flow cytometric analysis. Mechanistic studies involved the transfection of human primary T cells and Jurkat cells. Results Our analysis began with a 63-69 year-old female patient diagnosed with refractory CRS,. Despite undergoing multiple surgeries, she continually faced sinus infections. Whole exome sequencing pinpointed a heterozygous IL-12Rb1 mutation situated in the linker region adjacent to the cytokine binding domain. When subjected to IL-12 stimulation, the patient's CD4 T-cells exhibited diminished STAT4 phosphorylation. However, computer modeling or T-cell lines harboring the same IL-12 receptor mutation did not corroborate the hypothesis that IL-12Rb could be responsible for the reduced phosphorylation of STAT4 by IL-12 stimulation. Upon expanding our investigation to a broader CRS patient group using the pSTAT4 assay, we discerned a subset of refractory CRS patients with abnormally low STAT4 phosphorylation. The deficiency showed improvement both in-vitro and in-vivo after exposure to Latilactobacillus sakei (aka Lactobacillus sakei), an effect at least partially dependent on IL-12. Conclusion In refractory CRS patients, an identified STAT4 defect correlates with poor clinical outcomes after sinus surgery, which can be therapeutically targeted by Latilactobacillus sakei treatment. Prospective double-blind placebo-controlled trials are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oral Alpan
- Amerimmune LLC, 8260 Greensboro Dr VA-22102 McLean, USA
| | | | - Lina Kozhaya
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT, 06032 USA
| | - Denise Loizou
- Amerimmune LLC, 8260 Greensboro Dr VA-22102 McLean, USA
| | - Mikail Dogan
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT, 06032 USA
| | | | - Nathan P Manes
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, USA
| | - Aleksandra Nita-Lazar
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, USA
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7
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Hwang SY, Shin SH, Park SH, Lee MJ, Kim SM, Lee JS, Park JH. Serological Conversion through a Second Exposure to Inactivated Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Expressing the JC Epitope on the Viral Surface. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1487. [PMID: 37766163 PMCID: PMC10537882 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a fatal contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals and causes severe economic damage at the national level. There are seven serotypes of the causative foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), and type O is responsible for serious outbreaks and shows a high incidence. Recently, the Cathay, Southeast Asia (SEA), and ME-SA (Middle East-South Asia) topotypes of type O have been found to frequently occur in Asia. Thus, it is necessary to develop candidate vaccines that afford protection against these three different topotypes. In this study, an experimental FMD vaccine was produced using a recombinant virus (TWN-JC) with the JC epitope (VP1 140-160 sequence of the O/SKR/Jincheon/2014) between amino acid 152 and 153 of VP1 in TWN-R. Immunization with this novel vaccine candidate was found to effectively protect mice against challenge with the three different topotype viruses. Neutralizing antibody titers were considerably higher after a second vaccination. The serological differences between the topotype strains were identified in guinea pigs and swine. In conclusion, a significant serological difference was observed at 56 days post-vaccination between animals that received the TWN-JC vaccine candidate and those that received the positive control virus (TWN-R). The TWN-JC vaccine candidate induced IFNγ and IL-12B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Yun Hwang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Ho Shin
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Sung-Han Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Min Ja Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
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8
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Ahmad S, Ahmed J, Khalifa EH, Khattak FA, Khan AS, Farooq SU, Osman SMA, Salih MM, Ullah N, Khan TA. Novel mutations in genes of the IL-12/IFN-γ axis cause susceptibility to tuberculosis. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1368-1378. [PMID: 37437430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IL-12/23/ISG15-IFN-γ pathway is the main immunological pathway for controlling intra-macrophagic microorganisms such as Mycobacteria, Salmonella, and Leishmania spp. Consequently, upon mutations in genes of the IL-12/23/ISG15-IFN-γ pathway cause increased susceptibility to intra-macrophagic pathogens, particularly to Mycobacteria. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the mutations in genes of the IL-12/23/ISG15-IFN-γ pathway in severe tuberculosis (TB) patients. METHODS Clinically suspected TB was initially confirmed in four patients (P) (P1, P2, P3, and P4) using the GeneXpert MTB/RIF and culturing techniques. The patients' Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were then subjected to ELISA to measure Interleukin 12 (IL-12) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Flow cytometry was used to detect the surface expressions of IFN-γR1 and IFN-γR2 as well as IL-12Rβ1and IL-12Rβ2 on monocytes and T lymphocytes, respectively.The phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1) on monocytes and STAT4 on T lymphocytes were also detected by flow cytometry. Sanger sequencing was used to identify mutations in the IL-12Rβ1, STAT1, NEMO, and CYBB genes. RESULTS P1's PBMCs exhibited reduced IFN-γ production, while P2's and P3's PBMCs exhibited impaired IL-12 induction. Low IL-12Rβ1 surface expression and reduced STAT4 phosphorylation were demonstrated by P1's T lymphocytes, while impaired STAT1 phosphorylation was detected in P2's monocytes. The impaired IκB-α degradation and abolished H2O2 production in monocytes and neutrophils of P3 and P4 were observed, respectively. Sanger sequencing revealed novel nonsense homozygous mutation: c.191 G>A/p.W64 * in exon 3 of the IL-12Rβ1 gene in P1, novel missense homozygous mutation: c.107 A>T/p.Q36L in exon 3 of the STAT1 gene in P2, missense hemizygous mutation:: c.950 A>C/p.Q317P in exon 8 of the NEMO gene in P3, and nonsense hemizygous mutation: c.868 C>T/p.R290X in exon 8 of CYBB gene in P4. CONCLUSION Our findings broaden the clinical and genetic spectra associated with IL-12/23/ISG15-IFN-γ axis anomalies. Additionally, our data suggest that TB patients in Pakistan should be investigated for potential genetic defects due to high prevalence of parental consanguinity and increased incidence of TB in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ahmad
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Ahmed
- Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Eman H Khalifa
- Al Baha University Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhad Ali Khattak
- Research & development Cell, Khyber College of Dentistry (KCD), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Sheed Khan
- Provincial TB Reference laboratory, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, PK, Pakistan
| | - Syed Umar Farooq
- Department of oral pathology, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar. Pakistan
| | | | | | - Nadeem Ullah
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Taj Ali Khan
- Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan; Division of Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine,Department of Medicine,University of Florida, Gainesville, FL,United States.
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9
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Di Nitto C, Gilardoni E, Mock J, Nadal L, Weiss T, Weller M, Seehusen F, Libbra C, Puca E, Neri D, De Luca R. An Engineered IFNγ-Antibody Fusion Protein with Improved Tumor-Homing Properties. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020377. [PMID: 36839699 PMCID: PMC9964878 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is one of the central cytokines produced by the innate and adaptive immune systems. IFNγ directly favors tumor growth control by enhancing the immunogenicity of tumor cells, induces IP-10 secretion facilitating (CXCR3+) immune cell infiltration, and can prime macrophages to an M1-like phenotype inducing proinflammatory cytokine release. We had previously reported that the targeted delivery of IFNγ to neoplastic lesions may be limited by the trapping of IFNγ-based products by cognate receptors found in different organs. Here we describe a novel fusion protein consisting of the L19 antibody, specific to the alternatively spliced extra-domain B of fibronectin (EDB), fused to a variant of IFNγ with reduced affinity to its cognate receptor. The product (named L19-IFNγ KRG) selectively localized to tumors in mice, showed favorable pharmacokinetic profiles in monkeys and regained biological activity upon antigen binding. The fusion protein was investigated in two murine models of cancer, both as monotherapy and in combination with therapeutic modalities which are frequently used for cancer therapy. L19-IFNγ KRG induced tumor growth retardation and increased the intratumoral concentration of T cells and NK cells in combination with anti-PD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa Nadal
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, 8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frauke Seehusen
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology (LAMP), Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Libbra
- Philogen S.p.A., Piazza La Lizza 7, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Emanuele Puca
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, 8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- Philogen S.p.A., Piazza La Lizza 7, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.N.); (R.D.L.)
| | - Roberto De Luca
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, 8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (D.N.); (R.D.L.)
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10
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Sadeghalvad M, Rezaei N. Immunodeficiencies. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Chen ZM, Yang XY, Li ZT, Guan WJ, Qiu Y, Li SQ, Zhan YQ, Lei ZY, Liu J, Zhang JQ, Wang ZF, Ye F. Anti-Interferon-γ Autoantibodies Impair T-Lymphocyte Responses in Patients with Talaromyces marneffei Infections. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:3381-3393. [PMID: 35789796 PMCID: PMC9250332 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s364388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies predispose patients to Talaromyces marneffei infection, whether this is mediated by T cell attenuation remains elusive. Methods Total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors or patients with T. marneffei infection were stimulated with M158−66, and immunodominant influenza H1N1 peptide, or heat-inactivated T. marneffei in the presence of serum from anti-IFN-γ autoantibody-positive patients or healthy controls. The percentages of IFN-γ+TNF+CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells were determined by flow cytometry and cytokines released in the supernatant were detected by Cytometric Bead Array. Furthermore, PBMCs from patients with T. marneffei infection and healthy individuals were stimulated with IFN-γ and anti-CD3/CD28 beads, and the levels of STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation were detected by Western blot. Results The M1-reactive CD8+ T cells that expressed IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ of healthy controls were clearly reduced in serum with high-titer anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies. In addition, the CD4+ T cell response, designated by the expression of IFN-γ, against T. marneffei in PBMCs of patients were significantly decreased when cultured in high-titer anti-IFN-γ autoantibody serum culture, compared to the healthy compartments. Moreover, the release of the cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 was significantly decreased, while IL-10 was significantly increased. There was no significant difference in the phosphorylation levels of STAT1 and STAT3 protein between patients and healthy controls after IFN-γ or anti-CD3/CD28 beads stimulation. Conclusion Anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies presence in the serum inhibited CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ T cell immune responses. There was no congenital dysfunction of STAT1 and STAT3 in anti-IFN-γ autoantibody-positive patients with T. marneffei infection. These results suggest that the production of anti-IFN-γ autoAbs impair T-lymphocyte responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Tu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jie Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Qing Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ying Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Quan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Han NR, Kim KC, Kim JS, Ko SG, Park HJ, Moon PD. A mixture of Panax ginseng and Scrophularia buergeriana improves immune function in an immunosuppressed murine model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153984. [PMID: 35189478 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunomodulatory drugs are currently used for immunosuppressed individuals, but adverse side effects have been reported. Although Panax ginseng and Scrophularia buergeriana are known to have respective pharmacological properties, the potential of a mixture of Panax ginseng and Scrophularia buergeriana (Isam-Tang, IST) as an immunomodulatory drug has not yet been studied. PURPOSE The present study was designed to assess the immunomodulatory activity of IST and p-coumaric acid (pCA), an active compound of IST, in the immune system. METHODS The levels of immunostimulatory cytokines, nitrite, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NF-kB activation, and proliferation were examined in RAW264.7 cells, primary splenocytes and splenic NK cells isolated from normal mouse spleen, and in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice using ELISA, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS IST or pCA treatment increased the production of immunostimulatory cytokines and nitrite and the expression of iNOS in RAW264.7 cells and splenocytes. IST or pCA also induced NF-κB signaling activation and promoted the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the splenocyte proliferation and splenic NK activity were enhanced by IST or pCA. IST or pCA increased the levels of immunostimulatory cytokines in immunosuppressed mice and ameliorated splenic tissue damage. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that IST supplementation may be used to enhance immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyeoung-Cheol Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Ju-Sung Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Anatomy & Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Phil-Dong Moon
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Han NR, Kim KC, Kim JS, Ko SG, Park HJ, Moon PD. The immune-enhancing effects of a mixture of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, Angelica gigas Nakai, and Trichosanthes Kirilowii (Maxim.) or its active constituent nodakenin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114893. [PMID: 34875347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A mixture (SH003) of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, Angelica gigas Nakai, and Trichosanthes Kirilowii (Maxim.) has beneficial effects against several carcinomas. There have been few reports on an immune-enhancing activity of SH003 and its active constituent nodakenin. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed at identifying the immune-enhancing effect of SH003 and nodakenin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The immune-enhancing effect was evaluated using RAW264.7 macrophages, mouse primary splenocytes, and a cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced immunosuppression murine model. RESULTS The results show that SH003 or nodakenin stimulated the production levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IL-12, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and nitric oxide (NO) and the expression levels of iNOS in RAW264.7 macrophages. SH003 or nodakenin also enhanced NF-κB p65 activation in RAW264.7 macrophages. SH003 or nodakenin stimulated the production levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-2, TNF-α, and NO and the expression levels of iNOS in splenocytes. SH003 or nodakenin increased the splenic lymphocyte proliferation and splenic NK cell activity. In addition, SH003 or nodakenin increased the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in the serum and spleen of CP-treated mice, alleviating CP-induced immunosuppression. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results of this study show that SH003 improved immunosuppression through the activation of macrophages, splenocytes, and NK cells. These findings suggest that SH003 could be applied as a potential immunostimulatory agent for a variety of diseases caused or exacerbated by immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyeoung-Cheol Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Sung Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Anatomy & Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Phil-Dong Moon
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Patel J, Guzman N, Wukitsch K. Atypical Mycobacterial Tenosynovitis in the Setting of Adalimumab Use. Cureus 2021; 13:e18952. [PMID: 34812325 PMCID: PMC8604424 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors indicated in the management of psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and other autoimmune diseases have been associated with the development of mycobacterial and other opportunistic infections. The majority of mycobacterial infections diagnosed in patients taking TNF-α inhibitors are secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Atypical mycobacteria have also been identified in this patient population, most commonly manifested by pulmonary or disseminated infections. Extra-pulmonary manifestations such as bone and joint infections are rare. We describe a case of atypical mycobacterial tenosynovitis in the setting of adalimumab use in a patient with psoriasis. This is a rarely reported complication that one should be aware of when prescribing these medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Patel
- Internal Medicine, Orange Park Medical Center, Orange Park, USA
| | - Nilmarie Guzman
- Internal Medicine, Orange Park Medical Center, Orange Park, USA
| | - Kurt Wukitsch
- Internal Medicine, Orange Park Medical Center, Orange Park, USA
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15
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Okamoto K, Morio T. Inborn errors of immunity with eosinophilia. Allergol Int 2021; 70:415-420. [PMID: 34456137 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monogenic diseases of the immune system, also known as inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), are caused by single-gene mutations and result in immune deficiency and dysregulation. More than 400 monogenic diseases have been described to date, and this number is rapidly expanding. The increasing availability of next-generation sequencing is now facilitating the diagnosis of IEIs. It is known that IEIs can predispose a person to not only infectious diseases but also cancer and immune disorders, such as inflammatory, autoimmune, and atopic diseases. IEIs with eosinophilia and atopic diseases can occur in several disorders. IEIs with eosinophilia have provided insights into human immunity and the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Eosinophilia is not a rare finding in clinical practice, and it often poses problems in terms of etiologic research and differential diagnoses. Secondary eosinophilia is the most common form. The main underlying conditions are infectious diseases such as parasitic infections, allergic disorders, drug reactions, and of course IEIs. In clinical settings, the recognition of IEIs in the context of an allergic phenotype with eosinophilia is critical for prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment aimed at modulating pathophysiological mechanisms and improving clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Bioinformatics Analysis of ceRNA Network Related to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9988347. [PMID: 34211581 PMCID: PMC8208863 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9988347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is caused by the hormonal environment in utero, abnormal metabolism, and genetics, and it is common in women of childbearing age. A large number of studies have reported that lncRNA is important to the biological process of cancer and can be used as a potential prognostic biomarker. Thus, we studied lncRNAs' roles in PCOS in this article. Methods We obtained mRNAs', miRNAs', and lncRNAs' expression profiles in PCOS specimens and normal specimens from the National Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Comprehensive Center database. The EdgeR software package is used to distinguish the differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs. Functional enrichment analysis was carried out by the clusterProfiler R Package, and the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction ceRNA network was built in Cytoscape plug-in BiNGO and Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integration Discovery (DAVID), respectively. Results We distinguished differentially expressed RNAs, including 1087 lncRNAs, 14 miRNAs, and 566 mRNAs in PCOS. Among them, 410 lncRNAs, 11 miRNAs, and 185 mRNAs were contained in the ceRNA regulatory network. The outcomes from Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) were mainly enriched in response to the maternal process involved in female pregnancy, morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium, and the intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis data showed that DEMs were primarily enriched in pathways related to the TGF-β signaling pathway, Type I diabetes mellitus, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. In addition, we chose NONHSAT123397, ENST00000564619, and NONHSAT077997 as key lncRNAs due to their high bearing on PCOS. Conclusion ceRNA networks play an important role in PCOS. The research indicated that specific lncRNAs were related to PCOS development. NONHSAT123397, ENST00000564619, and NONHSAT077997 could be regarded as potential diagnostic mechanisms and biomarkers for PCOS. This discovery might provide more effective and more novel insights into the mechanisms of PCOS worthy of further exploration.
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Casanova JL, Abel L. Lethal Infectious Diseases as Inborn Errors of Immunity: Toward a Synthesis of the Germ and Genetic Theories. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 16:23-50. [PMID: 32289233 PMCID: PMC7923385 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-031920-101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It was first demonstrated in the late nineteenth century that human deaths from fever were typically due to infections. As the germ theory gained ground, it replaced the old, unproven theory that deaths from fever reflected a weak personal or even familial constitution. A new enigma emerged at the turn of the twentieth century, when it became apparent that only a small proportion of infected individuals die from primary infections with almost any given microbe. Classical genetics studies gradually revealed that severe infectious diseases could be driven by human genetic predisposition. This idea gained ground with the support of molecular genetics, in three successive, overlapping steps. First, many rare inborn errors of immunity were shown, from 1985 onward, to underlie multiple, recurrent infections with Mendelian inheritance. Second, a handful of rare and familial infections, also segregating as Mendelian traits but striking humans resistant to other infections, were deciphered molecularly beginning in 1996. Third, from 2007 onward, a growing number of rare or common sporadicinfections were shown to result from monogenic, but not Mendelian, inborn errors. A synthesis of the hitherto mutually exclusive germ and genetic theories is now in view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
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Ford TJ, Silcock RA, Holland SM. Overview of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in children. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:15-18. [PMID: 33404128 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous organisms in our surrounding environment. Four distinct clinical syndromes associated with NTM infection have been described: skin and soft tissue disease, lymphadenitis, disseminated disease and pulmonary disease. In children, lymphadenitis is the most common NTM clinical entity, particularly affecting those aged 1-5 years who have no known risk factors for disease. Optimal management of NTM lymphadenitis is not entirely clear, although surgical intervention is likely a definitive therapy. Disseminated NTM disease is uncommon and only seen in the setting of immunocompromise. In previously well children, this presentation should always lead to consideration of an underlying immune defect, such as Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease. Identification of the underlying cause enables more targeted therapy and better prognostic understanding. Pulmonary NTM disease is fundamentally different to the other clinical syndromes, presenting in different hosts, who have different comorbidities, and follow a different clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Ford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robyn A Silcock
- Infection Management and Prevention Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fungal infections have steadily increased in incidence, emerging as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with iatrogenic immunosuppression. Simultaneously, we have witnessed a growing population of newly described inherited immune disorders that have enhanced our understanding of the human immune response against fungi. In the present review, we provide an overview and diagnostic roadmap to inherited disorders which confer susceptibility to superficial and invasive fungal infections. RECENT FINDINGS Inborn errors of fungal immunity encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders, some of which confer fungal infection-specific susceptibility, whereas others also feature broader infection vulnerability and/or noninfectious manifestations. Infections by Candida, Aspergillus, endemic dimorphic fungi, Pneumocystis, and dermatophytes along with their organ-specific presentations provide clinicians with important clues in the assessment of patients with suspected immune defects. SUMMARY The absence of iatrogenic risk factors should raise suspicion for inborn errors of immunity in children and young adults with recurrent or severe fungal diseases. Expeditious diagnosis and prompt initiation of antifungal therapy and management of complications are paramount to achieve remission of fungal disease in the setting of primary immunodeficiency disorders.
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Influence of Feeding Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa) Seeds and Prickly Pear Fruit ( Opuntia ficus indica) Peel on the Immune Response and Resistance to Aeromonas sobria Infection in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122266. [PMID: 33271917 PMCID: PMC7760620 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The inclusion of dietary supplements as feed additives in fish feed promotes the growth, immunity, and health of the fish, thereby accomplishing extraordinary outcomes in the net gain of the farm. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of using quinoa seeds (QU) and prickly pear fruit peel (PP) as dietary supplements for fish, at the dose levels of 10% and 20% of the diet, on the immune response and disease resistance against pathogens, providing a novel perspective in aquaculture. Our findings indicated that the inclusion of PP and QU into the diets of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as feed supplements improved the survival rate, as well as the hematological, digestive, antioxidant, and immunological parameters. Moreover, an improvement in the strength of Nile tilapia immune response against Aeromonas sobria (A. sobria) infection was observed, evidenced by the improvement in the survival rate of infected fish. This was accomplished through the protection of the hepatic tissue and modulation of the expression of immune-encoding genes, including the downregulation of the gene encoding TGF-β and upregulation of the IFN-γ-encoding gene. Moreover, histological restoration of the morphological structures of intestine, liver, and spleen tissues was observed, particularly at the supplementation level of 20%. Abstract In recent times, nutraceuticals have been used extensively to identify promising feed additives for the improvement of the aquaculture industry through the enhancement of growth and survival rates, potentiation of the immune responses, and fortification of the resistance against infectious bacterial diseases. In this study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed with diets supplemented with quinoa seeds (QU) or prickly pear fruit peel (PP) at the dose levels of 10% or 20% of the diet. After 45 days of the feeding trial, the fish were exposed to Aeromonas sobria (A. sobria) challenge. The pre-challenge indices indicated that both supplements mediated a significant improvement in most of the estimated parameters, including survival rate, antioxidant status, hematological and immunological indices, and hepatoprotective potential. These effects were recorded in the groups fed with high doses of the supplements (20%). The least changes were observed in the QU10-supplemented fish. In the spleen tissue, the TGF-β gene was upregulated in the PP10-, PP20- and QU20-supplemented groups, while the expression of the IFN-γ gene remained unaffected in all the supplemented groups, except for the PP20-supplemented group, which showed an upregulation. After the challenge with A. sobria, the relative survival percentage was improved by the supplementation of PP and QU, particularly in the PP20-supplemented group, possibly via the promotion of immunological responses, hepatoprotective potency, and modulation of the studied genes. Moreover, the morphological structure of the tissues showed marked recovery. The findings suggest that Nile tilapia fed with different levels of PP peel and QU seeds, particularly at the level of 20%, enhanced the immune response in fish and improved their resistance against A. sobria infection.
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Korol CB, Shallom SJ, Arora K, Boshoff HI, Freeman AF, King A, Agrawal S, Daugherty SC, Jancel T, Kabat J, Ganesan S, Torrero MN, Sampaio EP, Barry C, Holland SM, Tettelin H, Rosenzweig SD, Zelazny AM. Tissue specific diversification, virulence and immune response to Mycobacterium bovis BCG in a patient with an IFN-γ R1 deficiency. Virulence 2020; 11:1656-1673. [PMID: 33356838 PMCID: PMC7781554 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1848108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary: We characterized Mycobacterium bovis BCG isolates found in lung and brain samples from a previously vaccinated patient with IFNγR1 deficiency. The isolates collected displayed distinct genomic and phenotypic features consistent with host adaptation and associated changes in antibiotic susceptibility and virulence traits. Background: We report a case of a patient with partial recessive IFNγR1 deficiency who developed disseminated BCG infection after neonatal vaccination (BCG-vaccine). Distinct M. bovis BCG-vaccine derived clinical strains were recovered from the patient's lungs and brain. Methods: BCG strains were phenotypically (growth, antibiotic susceptibility, lipid) and genetically (whole genome sequencing) characterized. Mycobacteria cell infection models were used to assess apoptosis, necrosis, cytokine release, autophagy, and JAK-STAT signaling. Results: Clinical isolates BCG-brain and BCG-lung showed distinct Rv0667 rpoB mutations conferring high- and low-level rifampin resistance; the latter displayed clofazimine resistance through Rv0678 gene (MarR-like transcriptional regulator) mutations. BCG-brain and BCG-lung showed mutations in fadA2, fadE5, and mymA operon genes, respectively. Lipid profiles revealed reduced levels of PDIM in BCG-brain and BCG-lung and increased TAGs and Mycolic acid components in BCG-lung, compared to parent BCG-vaccine. In vitro infected cells showed that the BCG-lung induced a higher cytokine release, necrosis, and cell-associated bacterial load effect when compared to BCG-brain; conversely, both strains inhibited apoptosis and altered JAK-STAT signaling. Conclusions: During a chronic-disseminated BCG infection, BCG strains can evolve independently at different sites likely due to particular microenvironment features leading to differential antibiotic resistance, virulence traits resulting in dissimilar responses in different host tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia B. Korol
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | | | - Kriti Arora
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Helena I. Boshoff
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Alexandra F. Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Alejandra King
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hospital Luis Calvo MacKenna, Universidad De, Chile, Chile
| | - Sonia Agrawal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Sean C. Daugherty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Timothy Jancel
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Department Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Department Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Marina N. Torrero
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Sampaio
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Clifton Barry
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Steve M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Hervé Tettelin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Adrian M. Zelazny
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, USA
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Immunological Evaluation for Personalized Interventions in Children with Tuberculosis: Should It Be Routinely Performed? J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8235149. [PMID: 33005692 PMCID: PMC7509549 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8235149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health problem and the ninth leading cause of death worldwide. Progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to active disease depends on mycobacterial virulence, environmental diversity, and host susceptibility and immune response. In children, malnutrition and immaturity of the immune system contribute to an inadequate immune response. Coinfections, though rarely described in TB, might be associated with host immune deficiencies. Here, we describe the immunological evaluation of eight pediatric patients infected with a member of the M. tuberculosis complex, most of them with concomitant pulmonary infections (bacteria, viruses, or fungi). We assessed the functionality of several innate immunity receptors, IL-12 receptor, and IFN-γ receptor, as well as the antioxidant levels (glutathione), which are essential mechanisms for fighting intracellular pathogens such as M. tuberculosis. This study is aimed at developing a thorough immunological evaluation of patients with TB and a coinfection.
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Zhen W, Shao Y, Wu Y, Li L, Pham VH, Abbas W, Wan Z, Guo Y, Wang Z. Dietary yeast β-glucan supplementation improves eggshell color and fertile eggs hatchability as well as enhances immune functions in breeder laying hens. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:607-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Campo-Rivera N, Castillo Delgado R, Rodriguez Florez A. Mycobacterium avium complex infection in a patient with systemic sclerosis- associated interstitial lung disease: A case report. Respir Med Case Rep 2020; 31:101184. [PMID: 32874909 PMCID: PMC7451748 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of a 65-year-old male with recently diagnosed diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis associated with usual interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary hypertension. Patient presented to the emergency department complaining of low-grade fever, increased sputum production, progressive dyspnea and weight loss. High-resolution computed tomography scan showed multifocal bronchiectasis with multiple small nodules. Bronchoalveolar lavage culture was positive for Mycobacterium intracellulare. Antimicrobial treatment was started which improved respiratory symptoms. One month after the initiation of antibiotics, cyclophosphamide therapy was started with adequate tolerance.
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25
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Duramaz BB, Türel Ö, Akkoç G, Yozgat CY, Kasap NA, Aydıner EK, Bustamante J. Interleukin 12-23 deficiency in the interferon gamma pathway in a 6-month-old toddler who has BCG vaccine complications. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13999. [PMID: 32654369 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Bursal Duramaz
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özden Türel
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülşen Akkoç
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Van Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Van, Turkey
| | | | | | - Elif Karakoç Aydıner
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University's Pendik Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
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26
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Parackova Z, Bloomfield M, Vrabcova P, Zentsova I, Klocperk A, Milota T, Svaton M, Casanova JL, Bustamante J, Fronkova E, Sediva A. Mutual alteration of NOD2-associated Blau syndrome and IFNγR1 deficiency. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:165-178. [PMID: 31760574 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-00720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Blau syndrome (BS) is an auto-inflammatory granulomatous disease that possibly involves abnormal response to interferon gamma (IFNγ) due to exaggerated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) activity. Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) is an infectious granulomatous disease that is caused by impaired production of or response to IFNγ. We report a mother and daughter who are both heterozygous for NOD2c.2264C˃T variant and dominant-negative IFNGR1818del4 mutation. The 17-year-old patient displayed an altered form of BS and milder form of MSMD, whereas the 44-year-old mother was completely asymptomatic. This experiment of nature supports the notion that IFNγ is an important driver of at least some BS manifestations and that elucidation of its involvement in the disease immunopathogenesis may identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Parackova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague 5, Czech Republic.
| | - Marketa Bloomfield
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague 5, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatrics, 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Thomayer's Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Vrabcova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Zentsova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Klocperk
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Milota
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Svaton
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, AP-HP, Necker Children Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eva Fronkova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Sediva
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague 5, Czech Republic
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27
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Mekonnen YA, Gültas M, Effa K, Hanotte O, Schmitt AO. Identification of Candidate Signature Genes and Key Regulators Associated With Trypanotolerance in the Sheko Breed. Front Genet 2019; 10:1095. [PMID: 31803229 PMCID: PMC6872528 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) is caused by a protozoan parasite that affects the health of livestock. Livestock production in Ethiopia is severely hampered by AAT and various controlling measures were not successful to eradicate the disease. AAT affects the indigenous breeds in varying degrees. However, the Sheko breed shows better trypanotolerance than other breeds. The tolerance attributes of Sheko are believed to be associated with its taurine genetic background but the genetic controls of these tolerance attributes of Sheko are not well understood. In order to investigate the level of taurine background in the genome, we compare the genome of Sheko with that of 11 other African breeds. We find that Sheko has an admixed genome composed of taurine and indicine ancestries. We apply three methods: (i) The integrated haplotype score (iHS), (ii) the standardized log ratio of integrated site specific extended haplotype homozygosity between populations (Rsb), and (iii) the composite likelihood ratio (CLR) method to discover selective sweeps in the Sheko genome. We identify 99 genomic regions harboring 364 signature genes in Sheko. Out of the signature genes, 15 genes are selected based on their biological importance described in the literature. We also identify 13 overrepresented pathways and 10 master regulators in Sheko using the TRANSPATH database in the geneXplain platform. Most of the pathways are related with oxidative stress responses indicating a possible selection response against the induction of oxidative stress following trypanosomiasis infection in Sheko. Furthermore, we present for the first time the importance of master regulators involved in trypanotolerance not only for the Sheko breed but also in the context of cattle genomics. Our finding shows that the master regulator Caspase is a key protease which plays a major role for the emergence of adaptive immunity in harmony with the other master regulators. These results suggest that designing and implementing genetic intervention strategies is necessary to improve the performance of susceptible animals. Moreover, the master regulatory analysis suggests potential candidate therapeutic targets for the development of new drugs for trypanosomiasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Ayalew Mekonnen
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Gültas
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kefena Effa
- Animal Biosciences, National Program Coordinator for African Dairy Genetic Gain, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Olivier Hanotte
- Cells, Organisms amd Molecular Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,LiveGene, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Armin O Schmitt
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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28
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Bossi G, Errichiello E, Zuffardi O, Marone P, Monzillo V, Barbarini D, Vergori A, Bassi LA, Rispoli GA, De Amici M, Zecca M. Disseminated Mycobacterium Avium Infection in a Child with Complete Interferon-γ Receptor 1 Deficiency due to Compound Heterozygosis of IFNGR1 for a Subpolymorphic Copy Number Variation and a Novel Splice-Site Variant. J Pediatr Genet 2019; 9:186-192. [PMID: 32714620 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1700803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Complete interferon-γ receptor 1 deficiency is a monogenic primary immunodeficiency caused by IFNGR1 germline defects, with autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance, which results in invasive mycobacterial diseases with varying degrees of severity. Most of the autosomal recessive IFNGR1 mutations are homozygous loss-of-function single-nucleotide variants, whereas large genomic deletions and compound heterozygosity have been very rarely reported. Herein we describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and successful treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of a child with disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection due to compound heterozygosity for a subpolymorphic copy number variation and a novel splice-site variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Bossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Orsetta Zuffardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Piero Marone
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Monzillo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Barbarini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Vergori
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Andrea Bassi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gaetana Anna Rispoli
- Department of Radiology, US Pediatric Radiology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mara De Amici
- Immuno-Allergology and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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29
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Li L, Chen SN, Laghari ZA, Huang B, Huo HJ, Li N, Nie P. Receptor complex and signalling pathway of the two type II IFNs, IFN-γ and IFN-γrel in mandarin fish or the so-called Chinese perch Siniperca chuatsi. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 97:98-112. [PMID: 30922782 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
IFN-γ, as the sole member of mammalian type II IFN, is a multifunctional cytokine which exerts its effects through two distinct IFN-γ receptors, IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. However, in teleost fish, another IFN-γ homologous gene, namely IFN-γ related gene (IFN-γrel), has been identified. Although IFN-γ and IFN-γrel genes have been described in some fish species, many important aspects remain poorly understood in relation with their signalling and function. In the present study, IFN-γ and IFN-γrel, as well as their receptors, cytokine receptor family B (CRFB) 17, CRFB13, two of which are homologous to IFNGR1 in mammals, and CRFB6, homolomous to IFNGR2, have been characterized in mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi. It was revealed that the two type IFN members exhibit antiviral activity, and IFN-γ transduces downstream signalling through CRFB13 and CRFB6, while IFN-γrel interacts with CRFB17 to activate downstream signalling. Moreover, IFN-γ and IFN-γrel have been shown to exert antiviral biological activity in a STAT1-dependent manner. Intracellular domain analysis of CRFB17 and CRFB13 demonstrated that the Y386 tyrosine residue of CRFB13 is required for the activation of the IFN-γ-mediated biologic response, and the Y324 and Y370 residues in CRFB17 are required to activate IFN-γrel signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shan Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Zubair Ahmed Laghari
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Bei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Hui Jun Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - P Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China.
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30
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Reynolds CJ, Chong DLW, Li Y, Black SL, Cutler A, Webster Z, Manji J, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ. Bioluminescent Reporting of In Vivo IFN-γ Immune Responses during Infection and Autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2502-2510. [PMID: 30814307 PMCID: PMC6452029 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ is a key cytokine of innate and adaptive immunity. It is important to understand temporal changes in IFN-γ production and how these changes relate to the role of IFN-γ in diverse models of infectious and autoimmune disease, making the ability to monitor and track IFN-γ production in vivo of a substantial benefit. IFN-γ ELISPOTs have been a central methodology to measure T cell immunity for many years. In this study, we add the capacity to analyze IFN-γ responses with high sensitivity and specificity, longitudinally, in vitro and in vivo. This allows the refinement of experimental protocols because immunity can be tracked in real-time through a longitudinal approach. We have generated a novel murine IFN-γ reporter transgenic model that allows IFN-γ production to be visualized and quantified in vitro and in vivo as bioluminescence using an imaging system. At baseline, in the absence of an inflammatory stimulus, IFN-γ signal from lymphoid tissue is detectable in vivo. Reporter transgenics are used in this study to track the IFN-γ response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the lung over time in vivo. The longitudinal development of the adaptive T cell immunity following immunization with Ag is identified from day 7 in vivo. Finally, we show that we are able to use this reporter transgenic to follow the onset of autoimmune T cell activation after regulatory T cell depletion in an established model of systemic autoimmunity. This IFN-γ reporter transgenic, termed “Gammaglow,” offers a valuable new modality for tracking IFN-γ immunity, noninvasively and longitudinally over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Reynolds
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Deborah L W Chong
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Yihan Li
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom; and
| | - S Lucas Black
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Amy Cutler
- Transgenics and Embryonic Stem Cell Facility, Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Webster
- Transgenics and Embryonic Stem Cell Facility, Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom
| | - Jiten Manji
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom; and
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31
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Unger A, Finkernagel F, Hoffmann N, Neuhaus F, Joos B, Nist A, Stiewe T, Visekruna A, Wagner U, Reinartz S, Müller-Brüsselbach S, Müller R, Adhikary T. Chromatin Binding of c-REL and p65 Is Not Limiting for Macrophage IL12B Transcription During Immediate Suppression by Ovarian Carcinoma Ascites. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1425. [PMID: 29997615 PMCID: PMC6030372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors frequently exploit homeostatic mechanisms that suppress expression of IL-12, a central mediator of inflammatory and anti-tumor responses. The p40 subunit of the IL-12 heterodimer, encoded by IL12B, is limiting for these functions. Ovarian carcinoma patients frequently produce ascites which exerts immunosuppression by means of soluble factors. The NFκB pathway is necessary for transcription of IL12B, which is not expressed in macrophages freshly isolated from ascites. This raises the possibility that ascites prevents IL12B expression by perturbing NFκB binding to chromatin. Here, we show that ascites-mediated suppression of IL12B induction by LPS plus IFNγ in primary human macrophages is rapid, and that suppression can be reversible after ascites withdrawal. Nuclear translocation of the NFκB transcription factors c-REL and p65 was strongly reduced by ascites. Surprisingly, however, their binding to the IL12B locus and to CXCL10, a second NFκB target gene, was unaltered, and the induction of CXCL10 transcription was not suppressed by ascites. These findings indicate that, despite its reduced nuclear translocation, NFκB function is not generally impaired by ascites, suggesting that ascites-borne signals target additional pathways to suppress IL12B induction. Consistent with these data, IL-10, a clinically relevant constituent of ascites and negative regulator of NFκB translocation, only partially recapitulated IL12B suppression by ascites. Finally, restoration of a defective IL-12 response by appropriate culture conditions was observed only in macrophages from a subset of donors, which may have important implications for the understanding of patient-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Unger
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunobiology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunobiology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Hoffmann
- Experimental Tumor Research Group, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunobiology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Felix Neuhaus
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunobiology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Joos
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunobiology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, ZTI, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core Facility, ZTI, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Visekruna
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Biomedical Research Center (BMFZ), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Wagner
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silke Reinartz
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, ZTI, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller-Brüsselbach
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunobiology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunobiology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Till Adhikary
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunobiology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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32
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Alsweed A, Alsuhibani M, Casanova JL, Al-Hajjar S. Approach to recurrent Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in children. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 2018; 5:35-38. [PMID: 30805531 PMCID: PMC6363264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpam.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (HSE) is one of the commonest viral encephalitis and its recurrence is being increasingly reported were HSE relapse rate came up to 5%. Both herpes simplex virus (HSV) types can lead to encephalitis and it was established that HSV-1 is capable of nervous system invasion, latency, and recurrence. The recurrence of HSE used to be attributed to immunological compromise, but reports show many cases have no obvious immune system impairment. Further investigations revealed genetic predispositions to HSV infection that would explain the host vulnerability to its recurrence. In this review, we discuss the gene mutations that may predispose to recurrent HSE and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alsweed
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Disease, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alsuhibani
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Disease, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, USA
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sami Al-Hajjar
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Disease, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Garnier P, Mummery R, Forster MJ, Mulloy B, Gibbs RV, Rider CC. The localisation of the heparin binding sites of human and murine interleukin-12 within the carboxyterminal domain of the P40 subunit. Cytokine 2018; 110:159-168. [PMID: 29753267 PMCID: PMC6109204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate differences in the specificity of heparin binding between human and murine IL-12s. Heparin predominantly protects the p40 subunit against proteolysis by LysC. A truncated IL-12 polypeptide lacking the carboxyterminal D3 domain fails to bind heparin. The C′D′ loop of the D3 domain contains a large cluster of surface accessible basic residues. This loop is the region of greatest sequence variation between murine and human p40s.
We have previously shown that the heterodimeric cytokine interleukin-12, and the homodimer of its larger subunit p40, both bind to heparin and heparan sulfate with relatively high affinity. In the present study we characterised these interactions using a series of chemically modified heparins as competitive inhibitors. Human interleukin-12 and p40 homodimer show indistinguishable binding profiles with a panel of heparin derivatives, but that of murine interleukin-12 is distinct. Heparin markedly protects the human and murine p40 subunits, but not the p35 subunits, from cleavage by the bacterial endoprotease LysC, further implicating the larger subunit as the location of the heparin binding site. Moreover the essential role of the carboxyterminal D3 domain in heparin binding is established by the failure of a truncated construct of the p40 subunit lacking this domain to bind. Predictive docking calculations indicate that a cluster of basic residues at the tip of the exposed C′D′ loop within D3 is important in heparin binding. However since the human and murine C′D′ loops differ considerably in length, the mode and three dimensional orientation of heparin binding are likely to differ substantially between the human and murine p40s. Thus overall the binding of IL-12 via its p40 subunit to heparin-related polysaccharides of the extracellular matrix appears to be functionally important since it has been conserved across mammalian species despite this structural divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Garnier
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Rosemary Mummery
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Mark J Forster
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3QG, UK; Scientific Computing Department, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK(2)
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK; National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Roslyn V Gibbs
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, Hants PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Christopher C Rider
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.
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Zimmermann P, Curtis N, Tebruegge M. Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in childhood - update on diagnostic approaches and treatment. J Infect 2018. [PMID: 28646953 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(17)30204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in children may be increasing. Nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis, skin and soft tissue infection, and pulmonary disease each present unique challenges in relation to diagnosis and treatment. In this update, we critically review the recent literature on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic approaches and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in children. In addition, we outline key areas warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zimmermann
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Marc Tebruegge
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Academic Unit of Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Global Health Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Braden LM, Rasmussen KJ, Purcell SL, Ellis L, Mahony A, Cho S, Whyte SK, Jones SRM, Fast MD. Acquired Protective Immunity in Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar against the Myxozoan Kudoa thyrsites Involves Induction of MHIIβ + CD83 + Antigen-Presenting Cells. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00556-17. [PMID: 28993459 PMCID: PMC5736826 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00556-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The histozoic myxozoan parasite Kudoa thyrsites causes postmortem myoliquefaction and is responsible for economic losses to salmon aquaculture in the Pacific Northwest. Despite its importance, little is known about the host-parasite relationship, including the host response to infection. The present work sought to characterize the immune response in Atlantic salmon during infection, recovery, and reexposure to K. thyrsites After exposure to infective seawater, infected and uninfected smolts were sampled three times over 4,275 degree-days. Histological analysis revealed infection severity decreased over time in exposed fish, while in controls there was no evidence of infection. Following a secondary exposure of all fish, severity of infection in the controls was similar to that measured in exposed fish at the first sampling time but was significantly reduced in reexposed fish, suggesting the acquisition of protective immunity. Using immunohistochemistry, we detected a population of MHIIβ+ cells in infected muscle that followed a pattern of abundance concordant with parasite prevalence. Infiltration of these cells into infected myocytes preceded destruction of the plasmodium and dissemination of myxospores. Dual labeling indicated a majority of these cells were CD83+/MHIIβ+ Using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, we detected significant induction of cellular effectors, including macrophage/dendritic cells (mhii/cd83/mcsf), B cells (igm/igt), and cytotoxic T cells (cd8/nkl), in the musculature of infected fish. These data support a role for cellular effectors such as antigen-presenting cells (monocyte/macrophage and dendritic cells) along with B and T cells in the acquired protective immune response of Atlantic salmon against K. thyrsites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Braden
- Hoplite Laboratory, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Karina J Rasmussen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sara L Purcell
- Hoplite Laboratory, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Lauren Ellis
- Hoplite Laboratory, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Amelia Mahony
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Steven Cho
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Shona K Whyte
- Hoplite Laboratory, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Simon R M Jones
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Mark D Fast
- Hoplite Laboratory, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-12 is composed of p35 and p40 subunits; in this case, IL-12p40 deficiency is a rare genetic etiology of Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease. Salmonellosis has been reported in almost half of these patients and mostly present in recurrent extraintestinal form. In this report, we described an 18-month-old boy with absence of IL-12p40 production suffering from chronic disseminated nontyphoidal salmonellosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first-reported case.
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Pedraza-Sánchez S, Lezana-Fernández JL, Gonzalez Y, Martínez-Robles L, Ventura-Ayala ML, Sadowinski-Pine S, Nava-Frías M, Moreno-Espinosa S, Casanova JL, Puel A, Boisson-Dupuis S, Torres M. Disseminated Tuberculosis and Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis in a Patient with a Gain-of-Function Mutation in Signal Transduction and Activator of Transcription 1. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1651. [PMID: 29270166 PMCID: PMC5723642 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, recessive loss-of-function mutations in STAT1 are associated with mycobacterial and viral infections, whereas gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in STAT1 are associated with a type of primary immunodeficiency related mainly, but not exclusively, to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). We studied and established a molecular diagnosis in a pediatric patient with mycobacterial infections, associated with CMC. The patient, daughter of a non-consanguineous mestizo Mexican family, had axillary adenitis secondary to BCG vaccination and was cured with resection of the abscess at 1-year old. At the age of 4 years, she had a supraclavicular abscess with acid-fast-staining bacilli identified in the soft tissue and bone, with clinical signs of disseminated infection and a positive Gene-X-pert test, which responded to anti-mycobacterial drugs. Laboratory tests of the IL-12/interferon gamma (IFN-γ) circuit showed a higher production of IL-12p70 in the whole blood from the patient compared to healthy controls, when stimulated with BCG and BCG + IFN-γ. The whole blood of the patient produced 35% less IFN-γ compared to controls assessed by ELISA and flow cytometry, but IL-17 producing T cells from patient were almost absent in PBMC stimulated with PMA plus ionomycin. Signal transduction and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) was hyperphosphorylated at tyrosine 701 in response to IFN-γ and -α, as demonstrated by flow cytometry and Western blotting in fresh blood mononuclear cells and in Epstein-Barr virus lymphoblastoid cell lines (EBV-LCLs); phosphorylation of STAT1 in EBV-LCLs from the patient was resistant to inhibition by staurosporine but sensitive to ruxolitinib, a Jak phosphorylation inhibitor. Genomic DNA sequencing showed a de novo mutation in STAT1 in cells from the patient, absent in her parents and brother; a known T385M missense mutation in the DNA-binding domain of the transcription factor was identified, and it is a GOF mutation. Therefore, GOF mutations in STAT1 can induce susceptibility not only to fungal but also to mycobacterial infections by mechanisms to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigifredo Pedraza-Sánchez
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | | | - Yolanda Gonzalez
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México City, México
| | - Luis Martínez-Robles
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - María Laura Ventura-Ayala
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Martha Torres
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México City, México
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Functional Evaluation of an IKBKG Variant Suspected to Cause Immunodeficiency Without Ectodermal Dysplasia. J Clin Immunol 2017; 37:801-810. [PMID: 28993958 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypomorphic IKBKG mutations in males are typically associated with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (EDA-ID). Some mutations cause immunodeficiency without EDA (NEMO-ID). The immunological profile associated with these NEMO-ID variants is not fully documented. We present a 2-year-old patient with suspected immunodeficiency in which a hemizygous p.Glu57Lys IKBKG variant was identified. At the age of 1 year, he had an episode of otitis media that evolved into a bilateral mastoiditis (Pseudomonas spp). Hypogammaglobulinemia, specific (polysaccharide) antibody deficiency, and low switched memory B cell subsets were noticed. The mother was heterozygous for the variant but had no signs of incontinentia pigmenti. Patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells produced low amounts of IL-6 after stimulation with IL-1β, Pam3CSK4, and FSL-1. In patient fibroblasts, IκB-α was degraded normally upon stimulation with IL-1β or TNF-α. Transduction of wild-type and variant NEMO in NEMO-/- deficient SV40 fibroblasts revealed a slight but significant reduction of IL-6 production upon stimulation with IL-1β and TNF-α. In conclusion, we demonstrated that p.Glu57Lys leads to specific immunological defects in vitro. No other pathogenic PID variants were identified through whole exome sequencing. As rare polymorphisms have been described in IKBKG and polygenic inheritance remains an option in the presented case, this study emphasizes the need for thorough functional and genetic evaluation when encountering and interpreting suspected disease-causing NEMO-ID variants.
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Ulusoy E, Karaca NE, Aksu G, Çavuşoğlu C, Kütükçüler N. Frequency of Mycobacterium bovis and mycobacteria in primary immunodeficiencies. Turk Arch Pediatr 2017; 52:138-144. [PMID: 29062247 DOI: 10.5152/turkpediatriars.2017.5240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases is observed in some primary immunodeficiency diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate mycobacterial infections in primary immunodeficiency diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients under follow-up by Ege University Pediatric Immunology Department for severe combined and combined immunodeficiencies, interleukin 12/ interferon gamma receptor deficiency, nuclear factor kappa-beta essential modulator deficiency and chronic granulomatosis disease were evaluated retrospectively in terms of the frequency and characteristics of mycobacterial infections using a questionnaire form for demographic properties, clinical features and laboratory tests. RESULTS A diagnosis of mycobacterial infection was made clinically in a total of 25 patients including five (11.3%) of 45 patients who had severe combined immune deficiency, 12 (52.3%) of 21 patients who had chronic granulomatous disease, four patients (100%) who had interferon gamma receptor 2 partical deficiency, two patients (100%) who had interleukin 12 receptor beta 1 deficiency and one patient (100%) who had nuclear factor kapa-beta essential modulator deficiency. Mycobacterium strain could be typed in 14 (33%) of these 25 patients including Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium chelonea, Mycobacterium elephantis, Mycobacterium fortuitum, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. All patients were treated with anti-tuberculosis therapy. Thirty-six percent of these 25 patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Eight patients (five before, three after transplantation) died. CONCLUSIONS Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria including mainly Mycobacterium bovis were observed with a higher rate compared to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in primary immunodeficiencies, especially in those affecting the interleukin 12/interferon gamma pathway. Early diagnosis of primary immunodeficiencies with neonatal screening program and preventing administration of the Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine in these patients is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Ulusoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Edeer Karaca
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Güzide Aksu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Necil Kütükçüler
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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40
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Sullivan KE, Bassiri H, Bousfiha AA, Costa-Carvalho BT, Freeman AF, Hagin D, Lau YL, Lionakis MS, Moreira I, Pinto JA, de Moraes-Pinto MI, Rawat A, Reda SM, Reyes SOL, Seppänen M, Tang MLK. Emerging Infections and Pertinent Infections Related to Travel for Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies. J Clin Immunol 2017; 37:650-692. [PMID: 28786026 PMCID: PMC5693703 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In today's global economy and affordable vacation travel, it is increasingly important that visitors to another country and their physician be familiar with emerging infections, infections unique to a specific geographic region, and risks related to the process of travel. This is never more important than for patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDD). A recent review addressing common causes of fever in travelers provides important information for the general population Thwaites and Day (N Engl J Med 376:548-560, 2017). This review covers critical infectious and management concerns specifically related to travel for patients with PIDD. This review will discuss the context of the changing landscape of infections, highlight specific infections of concern, and profile distinct infection phenotypes in patients who are immune compromised. The organization of this review will address the environment driving emerging infections and several concerns unique to patients with PIDD. The first section addresses general considerations, the second section profiles specific infections organized according to mechanism of transmission, and the third section focuses on unique phenotypes and unique susceptibilities in patients with PIDDs. This review does not address most parasitic diseases. Reference tables provide easily accessible information on a broader range of infections than is described in the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Hamid Bassiri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ahmed A Bousfiha
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Infectious Department, Hopital d'Enfant Abderrahim Harouchi, CHU Ibn Rochd, Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique, d'Inflammation et d'Allergie LICIA, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Beatriz T Costa-Carvalho
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua dos Otonis, 725, São Paulo, SP, 04025-002, Brazil
| | - Alexandra F Freeman
- NIAID, NIH, Building 10 Room 12C103, 9000 Rockville, Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David Hagin
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, 6 Weizmann St, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yu L Lau
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Rm 106, 1/F New Clinical Building, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 11C102, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ileana Moreira
- Immunology Unit, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Pinto
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena 190, room # 161, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - M Isabel de Moraes-Pinto
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 781/9°andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Amit Rawat
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shereen M Reda
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saul Oswaldo Lugo Reyes
- Immunodeficiencies Research Unit, National Institute of Pediatrics, Av Iman 1, Torre de Investigacion, Piso 9, Coyoacan, 04530, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mikko Seppänen
- Harvinaissairauksien yksikkö (HAKE), Rare Disease Center, Helsinki University Hospital (HUH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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41
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Sogkas G, Atschekzei F, Schacht V, von Falck C, Jablonka A, Jacobs R, Stoll M, Witte T, Schmidt RE. First Association of Interleukin 12 Receptor Beta 1 Deficiency with Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2017; 8:885. [PMID: 28804486 PMCID: PMC5532512 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interleukin 12 receptor beta 1 (IL12Rβ1) deficiency is a primary immunodeficiency resulting mainly in susceptibility to opportunistic infection by non-tuberculous, environmental mycobacteria and severe infection caused by Salmonella spp. Till now, less than 300 patients with IL12Rβ1 deficiency have been reported. Among them, only three have been described to develop autoimmunity. Case presentation We present the case of a 50-year-old male with IL12Rβ1 deficiency due to compound heterozygosity [c. 1623_1624delGCinsTT (pGln542Stop) and c.1791 + 2T > C (donor splice site)], who—18 months after diagnosis of disseminated BCGitis—presented with recurrent fever and sicca syndrome. No indication of an infectious origin of these symptoms could be found at that point. The diagnosis of a Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) was made on the basis of fulfilled American-European consensus classification criteria, including a positive minor salivary gland biopsy. Conclusion Apart from persistent antigenic stimulation, which may drive autoimmune inflammation in primary immunodeficiency, evidence on the involvement of interleukin 12 in pathogenesis of SS suggests that the same immunological mechanism may underlie both defense against infection and the maintenance of tolerance. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of autoimmunity in the form of SS in a patient with a primary immunodeficiency and one of the rare cases of IL12Rβ1 deficiency with manifested autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Sogkas
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical University, Hanover, Germany
| | - Faranaz Atschekzei
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical University, Hanover, Germany
| | - Vivien Schacht
- Division of Dermatology, Hannover Medical University, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christian von Falck
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical University, Hanover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Jablonka
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical University, Hanover, Germany
| | - Roland Jacobs
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical University, Hanover, Germany
| | - Matthias Stoll
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical University, Hanover, Germany
| | - Torsten Witte
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical University, Hanover, Germany
| | - Reinhold E Schmidt
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical University, Hanover, Germany
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Abstract
Despite the ubiqitous nature of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) organisms in the environment, relatively few of those who are infected develop disease. Thus, some degree of susceptibility due to either underlying lung disease or immunosuppression is required. The frequency of pulmonary MAC disease is increasing in many areas, and the exact reasons are unknown. Isolation of MAC from a respiratory specimen does not necessarily mean that treatment is required, as the decision to treatment requires the synthesis of clinical, radiographic, and microbiologic information as well as a weighing of the risks and benefits for the individual patient. Successful treatment requires a multipronged approach that includes antibiotics, aggressive pulmonary hygiene, and sometimes resection of the diseased lung. A combination of azithromycin, rifampin, and ethambutol administered three times weekly is recommend for nodular bronchiectatic disease, whereas the same regimen may be used for cavitary disease but administered daily and often with inclusion of a parenteral aminoglycoside. Disseminated MAC (DMAC) is almost exclusively seen in patients with late-stage AIDS and can be treated with a macrolide in combination with ethambutol, with or without rifabutin: the most important intervention in this setting is to gain HIV control with the use of potent antiretroviral therapy. Treatment outcomes for many patients with MAC disease remain suboptimal, so new drugs and treatment regimens are greatly needed. Given the high rate of reinfection after cure, one of the greatest needs is a better understanding of where infection occurs and how this can be prevented.
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43
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Rode AKO, Kongsbak M, Hansen MM, Lopez DV, Levring TB, Woetmann A, Ødum N, Bonefeld CM, Geisler C. Vitamin D Counteracts Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Induced Cathelicidin Downregulation in Dendritic Cells and Allows Th1 Differentiation and IFNγ Secretion. Front Immunol 2017; 8:656. [PMID: 28620394 PMCID: PMC5450038 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) presents a serious health problem with approximately one-third of the world's population infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a latent state. Experience from the pre-antibiotic era and more recent clinical studies have established a beneficial role of sunlight and vitamin D in patients with TB. At the same time, experimental data have shown that Th1 cells through production of IFNγ are crucial for cathelicidin release by macrophages, bacterial killing, and containment of M. tuberculosis in granulomas. Paradoxically, vitamin D has repeatedly been ascribed an immune-suppressive function inhibiting Th1 differentiation and production of IFNγ in T cells. The aim of this study was to investigate this apparent paradox. We studied naïve human CD4+ T cells activated either with CD3 and CD28 antibodies or with allogeneic dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with heat-killed M. tuberculosis (HKMT) or purified toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. We show that vitamin D does not block differentiation of human CD4+ T cells to Th1 cells and that interleukin (IL)-12 partially counteracts vitamin D-mediated inhibition of IFNγ production promoting production of equal amounts of IFNγ in Th1 cells in the presence of vitamin D as in T cells activated in the absence of vitamin D and IL-12. Furthermore, we show that HKMT and TLR2 ligands strongly downregulate cathelicidin expression in DC and that vitamin D counteracts this by upregulating cathelicidin expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate that vitamin D counteracts M. tuberculosis-induced cathelicidin downregulation and allows Th1 differentiation and IFNγ secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K O Rode
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Kongsbak
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie M Hansen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Villalba Lopez
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine B Levring
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte M Bonefeld
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Organ transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage diseases. Although transplant rejection is the major restriction in successful long-lasting graft survival, induction of sustainable immune tolerance against transplant is one of the major goals in transplantation to enable long-term graft survival. Although various mechanisms have been suggested that induce immune tolerance during transplantation, the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which modulate gene expression and regulate innate and adaptive immune responses, are not clearly understood in transplantation. Here, we described the role of 2 essential lncRNAs, lncRNA-A930015D03Rik and mouselincRNA1055, in regulating T helper 1 (Th1) response in graft rejection. METHODS To understand the gene expression and lncRNA profile during transplantation, we performed microarray to profile lncRNA and messenger (m)RNA of the heart graft and graft-infiltrating lymphocytes (GILs) in allogeneic and syngeneic mouse heart transplantation model. We screened the differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, and generated the network of lncRNA-mRNA coexpression and computationally predicted their association in transplantation. We further validated the selected T cell related lncRNAs by qPCR, which we identified in gene set enrichment analysis. The functional validation of these lncRNAs in the regulation of Th1 response in transplantation was performed by short hairpin RNA-mediated inhibition. RESULTS We established a profile of lncRNA and mRNA, which are differentially expressed during transplant rejection in mouse model of heart transplant. Consistent with the microarray results, we have confirmed and validated the expression of 7 lncRNA by qPCR. The lncRNA-A930015D03Rik and mouselincRNA1055 were highly expressed in allogeneic heart graft and GILs. We further identified that expression of IL-12Rβ1 is strongly correlated with lncRNA-A930015D03Rik and mouselincRNA1055 in GILs. Further analysis revealed the association of lncRNA-A930015D03Rik and mouselincRNA1055 with Th1 cells in graft rejection. The functions of lncRNA-A930015D03Rik and mouselincRNA1055 were validated in differentiation of Th1 cells by knocking down their expression. Inhibition of lncRNA-A930015D03Rik and mouselincRNA1055 substantially suppressed the expression of IL-12Rβ1 and IFN-γ induction in Th1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a detailed profile of lncRNAs that may regulate immune response and graft outcomes. Our data not only suggest the involvement of lncRNA-A930015D03Rik and mouselincRNA1055 in the regulation of Th1 cells response during graft rejection but also identify them as novel biomarkers for subclinical graft rejection.
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Wang Z, Guo L, Song Y, Zhang Y, Lin D, Hu B, Mei Y, Sandikin D, Liu H. Augmented anti-tumor activity of NK-92 cells expressing chimeric receptors of TGF-βR II and NKG2D. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:537-548. [PMID: 28184969 PMCID: PMC11028961 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-1959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of natural killer (NK) cells to kill tumor cells without specific antigen recognition provides an advantage over T cells and makes them potential effectors for tumor immunotherapy. However, the efficacy of NK cell adoptive therapy can be limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine that can suppress NK cell function. To convert the suppressive signal induced by TGF-β to an activating signal, we genetically modified NK-92 cells to express a chimeric receptor with TGF-β type II receptor extracellular and transmembrane domains and the intracellular domain of NK cell-activating receptor NKG2D (TN chimeric receptor). NK-92 cells expressing TN receptors were resistant to TGF-β-induced suppressive signaling and did not down-regulate NKG2D. These modified NK-92 cells had higher killing capacity and interferon γ (IFN-γ) production against tumor cells compared with the control cells and their cytotoxicity could be further enhanced by TGF-β. More interestingly, the NK-92 cells expressing TN receptors were better chemo-attracted to the tumor cells expressing TGF-β. The presence of these modified NK-92 cells significantly inhibited the differentiation of human naïve CD4+ T cells to regulatory T cells. NK-92-TN cells could also inhibit tumor growth in vivo in a hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft tumor model. Therefore, TN chimeric receptors can be a novel strategy to augment anti-tumor efficacy in NK cell adoptive therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Growth Processes
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/transplantation
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/genetics
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjuan Wang
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghua Guo
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Song
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinsheng Zhang
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Lin
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Mei
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Dr., Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Dedy Sandikin
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Dr., Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Dr., Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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Bartolf A, Cosgrove CA. Mycobacterium szulgai infection in the flexor sheath of the right index finger in an immunocompetent patient. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2016-217722. [PMID: 28288996 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-217722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 53-year-old woman was identified with Mycobacterium szulgai infection in the flexor sheath of the right index finger. Tissue was debrided at operation, and the patient was successfully treated with appropriate antimicrobials. M. szulgai is a rare cause of non-tubercular mycobacterium infection worldwide, and there are currently no clear guidelines on diagnosis and management. This is the first case reporting M. szulgai infection in the flexor sheath of the right index finger of a non-immunocompromised patient in the UK.
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Hamidzadeh K, Christensen SM, Dalby E, Chandrasekaran P, Mosser DM. Macrophages and the Recovery from Acute and Chronic Inflammation. Annu Rev Physiol 2017; 79:567-592. [PMID: 27959619 PMCID: PMC5912892 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have devoted much attention to the diverse roles of macrophages and their contributions to tissue development, wound healing, and angiogenesis. What should not be lost in the discussions regarding the diverse biology of these cells is that when perturbed, macrophages are the primary contributors to potentially pathological inflammatory processes. Macrophages stand poised to rapidly produce large amounts of inflammatory cytokines in response to danger signals. The production of these cytokines can initiate a cascade of inflammatory mediator release that can lead to wholesale tissue destruction. The destructive inflammatory capability of macrophages is amplified by exposure to exogenous interferon-γ, which prolongs and heightens inflammatory responses. In simple terms, macrophages can thus be viewed as incendiary devices with hair triggers waiting to detonate. We have begun to ask questions about how these cells can be regulated to mitigate the collateral destruction associated with macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Hamidzadeh
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
| | - Stephen M Christensen
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
| | - Elizabeth Dalby
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
| | - Prabha Chandrasekaran
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
| | - David M Mosser
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
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Seliger B, Kloor M, Ferrone S. HLA class II antigen-processing pathway in tumors: Molecular defects and clinical relevance. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1171447. [PMID: 28344859 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1171447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II antigen-processing machinery (APM) presents to cognate CD4+ T-cells antigenic peptides mainly generated from exogeneous proteins in the endocytic compartment. These CD4+ T cells exert helper function, but may also act as effector cells, thereby recognizing HLA class II antigen-expressing tumor cells. Thus, HLA class II antigen expression by tumor cells influences the tumor antigen (TA)-specific immune responses and, depending on the cancer type, the clinical course of the disease. Many types of human cancers express HLA class II antigens, although with marked differences in their frequency. Some types of cancer lack HLA class II antigen expression, which could be due to structural defects or deregulation affecting different components of the complex HLA class II APM and/or from lack of cytokine(s) in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we have summarized the information about HLA class II antigen distribution in normal tissues, the structural organization of the HLA class II APM, their expression and regulation in malignant cells, the defects, which have been identified in malignant cells, and their functional and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Seliger
- Martin Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Immunology , Halle, Germany
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Departments of Surgery and Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
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Association of MBL2, TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6 Polymorphisms With Production of IFN-γ and IL-12 in BCG Osteitis Survivors R1. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2017; 36:135-139. [PMID: 27755461 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a key cytokine in defense against mycobacteria, including Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern-recognizing molecules of innate immunity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms in MBL, TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6 encoding genes and stimulated IFN-γ and interleukin-12 (IL-12) ex vivo production in BCG osteitis survivors. METHODS Data on single nucleotide polymorphisms in the MBL2 gene and TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6 genes were available from 132 former BCG osteitis patients, and data on ex vivo IFN-γ and IL-12 production were available from 115 and 118 patients, respectively. The present study is a secondary analysis of these available data. In an earlier study, we were able to characterize low IFN-γ and low IL-12 producers after BCG+IL-12 or BCG+IFN-γ stimulations, respectively. RESULTS Three patients had the homozygous variant MBL2 genotype, and one of them was a low IFN-γ producer (both concentration and response <5th percentile). The heterozygous variant MBL2 genotype showed no association with IFN-γ or IL-12 production. The TLR2 variant genotype was present in 14 subjects; 28.6% of them were low IFN-γ producers versus 7.8% of those 103 with the TLR2 wild genotype (P = 0.037). TLR1 or TLR6 polymorphisms had no significant associations with stimulated ex vivo IFN-γ or IL-12 production. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary evidence was found that variant genotypes of the MBL2 gene (if homozygous) and variant genotypes of the TLR2 gene (only heterozygotes present) are associated with low IFN-γ production.
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Gutierrez MJ, Kalra N, Horwitz A, Nino G. Novel Mutation of Interferon-γ Receptor 1 Gene Presenting as Early Life Mycobacterial Bronchial Disease. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2016; 4:2324709616675463. [PMID: 27868075 PMCID: PMC5103323 DOI: 10.1177/2324709616675463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) are a spectrum of inherited disorders characterized by localized or disseminated infections caused by atypical mycobacteria. Interferon-γ receptor 1 (IFNGR1) deficiency was the first identified genetic disorder recognized as MSMD. Mutations in the genes encoding IFNGR1 can be recessive or dominant and cause complete or partial receptor deficiency. We present the case of a 2½-year-old boy with a history of recurrent wheezing, diagnosed with endobronchial mycobacterial infection. Immunological workup revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation in the IFNGR1 gene, a novel mutation predicted in silico to cause complete IFNGR1 deficiency. This case demonstrates that (a) Interferon-γ receptor deficiency can present resembling common disorders of the lung; (b) mycobacterial infections should be suspected when parenchymal lung disease, hilar lymphadenopathy, and endobronchial disease are present; and (c) high index of suspicion for immunodeficiency should be maintained in patients with disseminated nontubercular mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neelu Kalra
- Allergy Associates of La Crosse, Onalaska, WI, USA
| | | | - Gustavo Nino
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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