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Ye Z, Liu Y, Jin X, Wu Y, Zhao H, Gao T, Deng Q, Cheng J, Lin J, Tong Z. Aβ-binding with alcohol dehydrogenase drives Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130580. [PMID: 38432266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) characterized with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles has been found for over 100 years, its molecular mechanisms are ambiguous. More worsely, the developed medicines targeting amyloid-beta (Aβ) and/or tau hyperphosphorylation did not approach the clinical expectations in patients with moderate or severe AD until now. This review unveils the role of a vicious cycle between Aβ-derived formaldehyde (FA) and FA-induced Aβ aggregation in the onset course of AD. Document evidence has shown that Aβ can bind with alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to form the complex of Aβ/ADH (ABAD) and result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aldehydes including malondialdehyde, hydroxynonenal and FA; in turn, ROS-derived H2O2 and FA promotes Aβ self-aggregation; subsequently, this vicious cycle accelerates neuron death and AD occurrence. Especially, FA can directly induce neuron death by stimulating ROS generation and tau hyper hyperphosphorylation, and impair memory by inhibiting NMDA-receptor. Recently, some new therapeutical methods including inhibition of ABAD activity by small molecules/synthetic polypeptides, degradation of FA by phototherapy or FA scavengers, have been developed and achieved positive effects in AD transgenic models. Thus, breaking the vicious loop may be promising interventions for halting AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuting Ye
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanming Liu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingjiang Jin
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiqing Wu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiangfeng Deng
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Department of neurology, the first affiliated hospital of Wenzhou medical University, Wenzhou 325035. China
| | - Jing Lin
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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He XY, Frackowiak J, Dobkin C, Brown WT, Yang SY. Involvement of Type 10 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in the Pathogenesis of Infantile Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17604. [PMID: 38139430 PMCID: PMC10743717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 10 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD10) is the HSD17B10 gene product playing an appreciable role in cognitive functions. It is the main hub of exercise-upregulated mitochondrial proteins and is involved in a variety of metabolic pathways including neurosteroid metabolism to regulate allopregnanolone homeostasis. Deacetylation of 17β-HSD10 by sirtuins helps regulate its catalytic activities. 17β-HSD10 may also play a critical role in the control of mitochondrial structure, morphology and dynamics by acting as a member of the Parkin/PINK1 pathway, and by binding to cyclophilin D to open mitochondrial permeability pore. 17β-HSD10 also serves as a component of RNase P necessary for mitochondrial tRNA maturation. This dehydrogenase can bind with the Aβ peptide thereby enhancing neurotoxicity to brain cells. Even in the absence of Aβ, its quantitative and qualitative variations can result in neurodegeneration. Since elevated levels of 17β-HSD10 were found in brain cells of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and mouse AD models, it is considered to be a key factor in AD pathogenesis. Since data underlying Aβ-binding-alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) were not secured from reported experiments, ABAD appears to be a fabricated alternative term for the HSD17B10 gene product. Results of this study would encourage researchers to solve the question why elevated levels of 17β-HSD10 are present in brains of AD patients and mouse AD models. Searching specific inhibitors of 17β-HSD10 may find candidates to reduce senile neurodegeneration and open new approaches for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying He
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Jannusz Frackowiak
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Carl Dobkin
- Department of Human Genetics, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - William Ted Brown
- Department of Human Genetics, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biology-Neuroscience, Graduate Center of the City, University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Chrienova Z, Rysanek D, Novak J, Vasicova P, Oleksak P, Andrys R, Skarka A, Dumanovic J, Milovanovic Z, Jacevic V, Chvojkova M, Holubova K, Vales K, Skoupilova V, Valko M, Jomova K, Alomar SY, Botelho FD, Franca TCC, Kuca K, Hodny Z, Nepovimova E. Frentizole derivatives with mTOR inhibiting and senomorphic properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115600. [PMID: 37783152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Frentizole is immunosuppressive drug with low acute toxicity and lifespan-prolonging effect. Recently, frentizole´s potential to disrupt toxic amyloid β (Aβ) - Aβ-binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) interaction in mitochondria in Alzheimer´s brains has been revealed. Another broadly studied drug with anti-aging and immunosuppressive properties is an mTOR inhibitor - rapamycin. Since we do not yet precisely know what is behind the lifespan-prolonging effect of rapamycin and frentizole, whether it is the ability to inhibit the mTOR signaling pathway, reduction in mitochondrial toxicity, immunosuppressive effect, or a combination of all of them, we have decided within our previous work to dock the entire in-house library of almost 240 Aβ-ABAD modulators into the FKBP-rapamycin-binding (FRB) domain of mTOR in order to interlink mTOR-centric and mitochondrial free radical-centric theories of aging and thus to increase the chances of success. Based on the results of the docking study, molecular dynamic simulation and MM-PBSA calculations, we have selected nine frentizole-like compounds (1 - 9). Subsequently, we have determined their real physical-chemical properties (logP, logD, pKa and solubility in water and buffer), cytotoxic/cytostatic, mTOR inhibitory, and in vitro anti-senescence (senolytic and senomorphic) effects. Finally, the three best candidates (4, 8, and 9) have been forwarded for in vivo safety studies to assess their acute toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties. Based on obtained results, only compound 4 demonstrated the best results within in vitro testing, the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and the lowest acute toxicity (LD50 in male mice 559 mg/kg; LD50 in female mice 575 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Chrienova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Rysanek
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Novak
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Vasicova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Andrys
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Skarka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jelena Dumanovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studenski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Milovanovic
- Special Police Unit, Ministry of Interior, Trebevićka 12/A, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Jacevic
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy & Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11 Crnotravska, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marketa Chvojkova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Holubova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vales
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Skoupilova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fernanda D Botelho
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to Chemical and Biological Defense (LMCBD), Military Institute of Engineering, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tanos C C Franca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to Chemical and Biological Defense (LMCBD), Military Institute of Engineering, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Hodny
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Kabir ER, Chowdhury NM, Yasmin H, Kabir MT, Akter R, Perveen A, Ashraf GM, Akter S, Rahman MH, Sweilam SH. Unveiling the Potential of Polyphenols as Anti-Amyloid Molecules in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:787-807. [PMID: 36221865 PMCID: PMC10227919 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666221010113812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that mostly affects the elderly population. Mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis are yet to be fully revealed, but there are several hypotheses regarding AD. Even though free radicals and inflammation are likely to be linked with AD pathogenesis, still amyloid-beta (Aβ) cascade is the dominant hypothesis. According to the Aβ hypothesis, a progressive buildup of extracellular and intracellular Aβ aggregates has a significant contribution to the AD-linked neurodegeneration process. Since Aβ plays an important role in the etiology of AD, therefore Aβ-linked pathways are mainly targeted in order to develop potential AD therapies. Accumulation of Aβ plaques in the brains of AD individuals is an important hallmark of AD. These plaques are mainly composed of Aβ (a peptide of 39-42 amino acids) aggregates produced via the proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein. Numerous studies have demonstrated that various polyphenols (PPHs), including cyanidins, anthocyanins, curcumin, catechins and their gallate esters were found to markedly suppress Aβ aggregation and prevent the formation of Aβ oligomers and toxicity, which is further suggesting that these PPHs might be regarded as effective therapeutic agents for the AD treatment. This review summarizes the roles of Aβ in AD pathogenesis, the Aβ aggregation pathway, types of PPHs, and distribution of PPHs in dietary sources. Furthermore, we have predominantly focused on the potential of food-derived PPHs as putative anti-amyloid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rahman Kabir
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hasina Yasmin
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanvir Kabir
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shamima Akter
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | | | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, Badr City 11829, Egypt
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Karapetyan G, Fereshetyan K, Harutyunyan H, Yenkoyan K. The synergy of β amyloid 1-42 and oxidative stress in the development of Alzheimer's disease-like neurodegeneration of hippocampal cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17883. [PMID: 36284177 PMCID: PMC9596457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of dementia that affects memory, thinking and behavior. Symptoms eventually become severe enough to interfere with daily tasks. Understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of AD is necessary for the development of strategies for AD prevention and/or treatment, and modeling of this pathology is an important step in achieving this goal. β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) injection is a widely used approach for modeling AD. Nevertheless, it has been reported that the model constructed by injection of Aβ in combination with a prooxidant cocktail (ferrous sulfate, Aβ, and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) (FAB)) best reflects the natural development of this disease. The relationship between oxidative stress and Aβ deposition and their respective roles in Aβ-induced pathology in different animal models of AD have been thoroughly investigated. In the current paper, we compared the effects of Aβ 1-42 alone with that of Aβ-associated oxidative stress induced by the FAB cocktail on the neurodegeneration of hippocampal cells in vitro. We constructed a FAB-induced AD model using rat primary hippocampal cells and analyzed the contribution of each compound. The study mainly focused on the prooxidant aspects of AD pathogenesis. Moreover, cellular bioenergetics was assessed and routine metabolic tests were performed to determine the usefulness of this model. The data clearly show that aggregated Aβ1-42 alone is significantly less toxic to hippocampal cells. Aggregated Aβ damages neurons, and glial cells proliferate to remove Aβ from the hippocampus. External prooxidant agents (Fe2+) or inhibition of internal antioxidant defense by BSO has more toxic effects on hippocampal cells than aggregated Aβ alone. Moreover, hippocampal cells fight against Aβ-induced damage more effectively than against oxidative damage. However, the combination of Aβ with external oxidative damage and inhibition of internal antioxidant defense is even more toxic, impairs cellular defense systems, and may mimic the late phase of AD-associated cell damage. Our findings strongly indicate a critical role for the combination of Aβ and oxidative stress in the development of neurodegeneration in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Karapetyan
- grid.427559.80000 0004 0418 5743Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Center, Yerevan State Medical University named after M. Heratsi, 2 Koryun Str., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Katarine Fereshetyan
- grid.427559.80000 0004 0418 5743Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Center, Yerevan State Medical University named after M. Heratsi, 2 Koryun Str., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia ,grid.427559.80000 0004 0418 5743Department of Biochemistry, Yerevan State Medical University named after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hayk Harutyunyan
- grid.427559.80000 0004 0418 5743Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Center, Yerevan State Medical University named after M. Heratsi, 2 Koryun Str., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Konstantin Yenkoyan
- grid.427559.80000 0004 0418 5743Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Center, Yerevan State Medical University named after M. Heratsi, 2 Koryun Str., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia ,grid.427559.80000 0004 0418 5743Department of Biochemistry, Yerevan State Medical University named after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
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The Mitochondrial Enzyme 17βHSD10 Modulates Ischemic and Amyloid-β-Induced Stress in Primary Mouse Astrocytes. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0040-22.2022. [PMID: 36096650 PMCID: PMC9536859 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0040-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe brain metabolic dysfunction and amyloid-β accumulation are key hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While astrocytes contribute to both pathologic mechanisms, the role of their mitochondria, which is essential for signaling and maintenance of these processes, has been largely understudied. The current work provides the first direct evidence that the mitochondrial metabolic switch 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17βHSD10) is expressed and active in murine astrocytes from different brain regions. While it is known that this protein is overexpressed in the brains of AD patients, we found that 17βHSD10 is also upregulated in astrocytes exposed to amyloidogenic and ischemic stress. Importantly, such catalytic overexpression of 17βHSD10 inhibits mitochondrial respiration during increased energy demand. This observation contrasts with what has been found in neuronal and cancer model systems, which suggests astrocyte-specific mechanisms mediated by the protein. Furthermore, the catalytic upregulation of the enzyme exacerbates astrocytic damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial network alterations during amyloidogenic stress. On the other hand, 17βHSD10 inhibition through AG18051 counters most of these effects. In conclusion, our data represents novel insights into the role of astrocytic mitochondria in metabolic and amyloidogenic stress with implications of 17βHSD10 in multiple neurodegenerative mechanisms.
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Botelho FD, Nepovimova E, Kamil K, Franca TCC. Virtual screening and molecular dynamic study of potential new binders to mTOR. J Mol Model 2022; 28:315. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Callens M, Loncke J, Bultynck G. Dysregulated Ca 2+ Homeostasis as a Central Theme in Neurodegeneration: Lessons from Alzheimer's Disease and Wolfram Syndrome. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121963. [PMID: 35741091 PMCID: PMC9221778 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) operate as important messengers in the cell, indispensable for signaling the underlying numerous cellular processes in all of the cell types in the human body. In neurons, Ca2+ signaling is crucial for regulating synaptic transmission and for the processes of learning and memory formation. Hence, the dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis results in a broad range of disorders, including cancer and neurodegeneration. A major source for intracellular Ca2+ is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which has close contacts with other organelles, including mitochondria. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of Ca2+ signaling at the ER–mitochondrial interface in two different neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer’s disease and Wolfram syndrome. Both of these diseases share some common hallmarks in the early stages, including alterations in the ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ handling, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This indicates that similar mechanisms may underly these two disease pathologies and suggests that both research topics might benefit from complementary research.
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Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Malfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: New Therapeutic Hope. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4759963. [PMID: 35607703 PMCID: PMC9124149 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4759963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in neuron viability or death as it regulates energy metabolism and cell death pathways. They are essential for cellular energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis, Ca++ homeostasis, aging, and regeneration. Mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics are thus essential processes in the quality control of mitochondria. Improvements in several fundamental features of mitochondrial biology in susceptible neurons of AD brains and the putative underlying mechanisms of such changes have made significant progress. AD's etiology has been reported by mitochondrial malfunction and oxidative damage. According to several recent articles, a continual fusion and fission balance of mitochondria is vital in their normal function maintenance. As a result, the shape and function of mitochondria are inextricably linked. This study examines evidence suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant early impact on AD pathology. Furthermore, the dynamics and roles of mitochondria are discussed with the link between mitochondrial malfunction and autophagy in AD has also been explored. In addition, recent research on mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in AD is also discussed in this review. It also goes into how these flaws affect mitochondrial quality control. Furthermore, advanced therapy techniques and lifestyle adjustments that lead to improved management of the dynamics have been demonstrated, hence improving the conditions that contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in AD.
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Sang C, Philbert SA, Hartland D, Unwin RD, Dowsey AW, Xu J, Cooper GJS. Coenzyme A-Dependent Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Enzymes Are Decreased in Alzheimer's Disease Consistent With Cerebral Pantothenate Deficiency. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:893159. [PMID: 35754968 PMCID: PMC9232186 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.893159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) is the commonest cause of age-related neurodegeneration and dementia globally, and a leading cause of premature disability and death. To date, the quest for a disease-modifying therapy for sAD has failed, probably reflecting our incomplete understanding of aetiology and pathogenesis. Drugs that target aggregated Aβ/tau are ineffective, and metabolic defects are now considered to play substantive roles in sAD pathobiology. We tested the hypothesis that the recently identified, pervasive cerebral deficiency of pantothenate (vitamin B5) in sAD, might undermine brain energy metabolism by impairing levels of tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-cycle enzymes and enzyme complexes, some of which require the pantothenate-derived cofactor, coenzyme A (CoA) for their normal functioning. We applied proteomics to measure levels of the multi-subunit TCA-cycle enzymes and their cytoplasmic homologues. We analysed six functionally distinct brain regions from nine sAD cases and nine controls, measuring 33 cerebral proteins that comprise the nine enzymes of the mitochondrial-TCA cycle. Remarkably, we found widespread perturbations affecting only two multi-subunit enzymes and two enzyme complexes, whose function is modulated, directly or indirectly by CoA: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, isocitrate dehydrogenase, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, and succinyl-CoA synthetase. The sAD cases we studied here displayed widespread deficiency of pantothenate, the obligatory precursor of CoA. Therefore, deficient cerebral pantothenate can damage brain-energy metabolism in sAD, at least in part through impairing levels of these four mitochondrial-TCA-cycle enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Sang
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sasha A. Philbert
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Hartland
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard. D Unwin
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre & Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. Dowsey
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jingshu Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Garth J. S. Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Garth J. S. Cooper
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11
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Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Alkaloids on PC12 Cell Damage Induced by A β 25-35. Behav Neurol 2021; 2021:9990375. [PMID: 34447483 PMCID: PMC8384511 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9990375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aβ deposition abnormally in the mitochondria can damage the mitochondrial respiratory chain and activate the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway, resulting in AD-like symptoms. Objective To observe the protective effects of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids (DNLA) on Aβ25-35-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells explore its possible protective mechanisms. Methods PC12 cells were treated with DNLA with different concentrations (0.035 mg/L, 0.3 mg/L, and 3.5 mg/L) for 6 h, followed by administration with Aβ25-35 (10 μM) for 24 h. MTT assay and flow cytometer observe the effect of DNLA on Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis of PC12 cell. Based on the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to study the antiapoptotic effect of DNLA on this model and its relationship with oxidative stress, flow cytometer detected the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ELISA kits were used to detect superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) content in cells. The JC-1 fluorescent staining observed the effect of DNLA on the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) with inverted immunofluorescence microscopy. Western blot was used to detect the levels of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related protein and its major downstream proteins Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved-caspase-9, and cleaved-caspase-3. Results DNLA can significantly improve the viability and apoptosis rate of PC12 cell damage induced by Aβ25-35. It also can restore the reduced intracellular ROS content and MMP, while SOD activity and GSH content increase significantly. The expression of apoptosis-related protein Bax, cleaved-caspase-9, and cleaved-caspase-3 decreased when the Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly increased. Conclusion These findings suggest that it can significantly inhibit the apoptosis of PC12 cell damage induced by Aβ25-35. The mechanism may reduce the level of cellular oxidative stress and thus inhibit the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway.
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12
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Jung ME. A Protective Role of Translocator Protein in Alzheimer's Disease Brain. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:3-15. [PMID: 32065102 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200217105950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Translocator Protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) is a mitochondrial protein that locates cytosol cholesterol to mitochondrial membranes to begin the synthesis of steroids including neurotrophic neurosteroids. TSPO is abundantly present in glial cells that support neurons and respond to neuroinflammation. Located at the outer membrane of mitochondria, TSPO regulates the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) that controls the entry of molecules necessary for mitochondrial function. TSPO is linked to neurodegenerative Alzheimer's Disease (AD) such that TSPO is upregulated in the brain of AD patients and signals AD-induced adverse changes in brain. The initial increase in TSPO in response to brain insults remains elevated to repair cellular damages and perhaps to prevent further neuronal degeneration as AD progresses. To exert such protective activities, TSPO increases the synthesis of neuroprotective steroids, decreases neuroinflammation, limits the opening of mPTP, and reduces the generation of reactive oxygen species. The beneficial effects of TSPO on AD brain are manifested as the attenuation of neurotoxic amyloid β and mitochondrial dysfunction accompanied by the improvement of memory and cognition. However, the protective activities of TSPO appear to be temporary and eventually diminish as the severity of AD becomes profound. Timely treatment with TSPO agonists/ligands before the loss of endogenous TSPO's activity may promote the protective functions and may extend neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna E Jung
- Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Institute for Healthy Aging, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
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13
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: A Biomarker of the Future? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010063. [PMID: 33440662 PMCID: PMC7827030 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide and is characterised pathologically by the accumulation of amyloid beta and tau protein aggregates. Currently, there are no approved disease modifying therapies for clearance of either of these proteins from the brain of people with AD. As well as abnormalities in protein aggregation, other pathological changes are seen in this condition. The function of mitochondria in both the nervous system and rest of the body is altered early in this disease, and both amyloid and tau have detrimental effects on mitochondrial function. In this review article, we describe how the function and structure of mitochondria change in AD. This review summarises current imaging techniques that use surrogate markers of mitochondrial function in both research and clinical practice, but also how mitochondrial functions such as ATP production, calcium homeostasis, mitophagy and reactive oxygen species production are affected in AD mitochondria. The evidence reviewed suggests that the measurement of mitochondrial function may be developed into a future biomarker for early AD. Further work with larger cohorts of patients is needed before mitochondrial functional biomarkers are ready for clinical use.
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14
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Hemmerová E, Špringer T, Krištofiková Z, Homola J. Ionic Environment Affects Biomolecular Interactions of Amyloid-β: SPR Biosensor Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9727. [PMID: 33419257 PMCID: PMC7766583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix and interacts with mitochondrial proteins, such as cyclophilin D (cypD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 10 (17β-HSD10). Multiple processes associated with AD such as increased production or oligomerization of Aβ affect these interactions and disbalance the equilibrium between the biomolecules, which contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we investigate the effect of the ionic environment on the interactions of Aβ (Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42) with cypD and 17β-HSD10 using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. We show that changes in concentrations of K+ and Mg2+ significantly affect the interactions and may increase the binding efficiency between the biomolecules by up to 35% and 65% for the interactions with Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, respectively, in comparison with the physiological state. We also demonstrate that while the binding of Aβ1-40 to cypD and 17β-HSD10 takes place preferentially around the physiological concentrations of ions, decreased concentrations of K+ and increased concentrations of Mg2+ promote the interaction of both mitochondrial proteins with Aβ1-42. These results suggest that the ionic environment represents an important factor that should be considered in the investigation of biomolecular interactions taking place in the mitochondrial matrix under physiological as well as AD-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hemmerová
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 1014/57, 182 51 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (T.Š.)
| | - Tomáš Špringer
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 1014/57, 182 51 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (T.Š.)
| | - Zdeňka Krištofiková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiří Homola
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 1014/57, 182 51 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (T.Š.)
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15
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Calabrò M, Rinaldi C, Santoro G, Crisafulli C. The biological pathways of Alzheimer disease: a review. AIMS Neurosci 2020; 8:86-132. [PMID: 33490374 PMCID: PMC7815481 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, mainly affecting older people, which severely impairs patients' quality of life. In the recent years, the number of affected individuals has seen a rapid increase. It is estimated that up to 107 million subjects will be affected by 2050 worldwide. Research in this area has revealed a lot about the biological and environmental underpinnings of Alzheimer, especially its correlation with β-Amyloid and Tau related mechanics; however, the precise molecular events and biological pathways behind the disease are yet to be discovered. In this review, we focus our attention on the biological mechanics that may lie behind Alzheimer development. In particular, we briefly describe the genetic elements and discuss about specific biological processes potentially associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy
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16
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Bhatia V, Sharma S. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and autophagy in progression of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2020; 421:117253. [PMID: 33476985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The pathological hallmarks of AD are amyloid plaques [aggregates of amyloid beta (A)] and neurofibrillary tangles (aggregates of tau protein). Growing evidence suggests that tau accumulation is pathologically more relevant to the development of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD patients than A plaques. Mitochondrial damage plays an important role in AD. Mitochondrial damage has been related to amyloid-beta or tau pathology or to the presence of specific presenilin-1 mutations. Elevate reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species production and defective mitochondrial dynamic balance has been suggested to be the reason as well as the consequence of AD related pathology. Oxidative stress is a prominent early event in the pathogenesis of AD and is therefore believed to contribute to tau hyperphosphorylation. Several studies have shown that the autophagy pathway in neurons is important under physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, this pathway plays a crucial role for the degradation of endogenous soluble tau. However, the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunctioning, oxidative stress, autophagy dysregulation, and neuronal cell death in AD remains unclear. Here, we review the latest progress in AD, with a special emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunctioning, oxidative stress, and autophagy. We also discuss the interlink mechanism of these three factors in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Bhatia
- School of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare, CT University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CT University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
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17
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Cioffi F, Adam RHI, Broersen K. Molecular Mechanisms and Genetics of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:981-1017. [PMID: 31744008 PMCID: PMC6971833 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder that can cause dementia in elderly over 60 years of age. One of the disease hallmarks is oxidative stress which interconnects with other processes such as amyloid-β deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and tangle formation. This review discusses current thoughts on molecular mechanisms that may relate oxidative stress to Alzheimer’s disease and identifies genetic factors observed from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that may be associated with Alzheimer’s disease-related oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cioffi
- Nanobiophysics Group, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rayan Hassan Ibrahim Adam
- Nanobiophysics Group, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Kerensa Broersen
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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18
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Oliver DMA, Reddy PH. Molecular Basis of Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Mitochondria. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:S95-S116. [PMID: 30932888 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive impairments. With the increased aging population, AD is a major health concern in society. Morphological and pathological studies revealed that AD is associated with the loss of synapses, defective mitochondria, and the proliferation of reactive astrocytes and microglia, in addition to the presence amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau in learning and memory regions of the brain in AD patients. AD occurs in two forms: early-onset familial and late-onset sporadic. Genetic mutations in APP, PS1, and PS2 loci cause familial AD. Multiple factors are reported to be involved in late-onset AD, including APOE4 genotype, polymorphisms in several gene loci and type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and age-related factors, including increased reactive oxygen species production and dysfunction in mitochondria. It is widely accepted that synaptic damage and mitochondrial dysfunction are early events in disease process. The purpose of this article is to highlight molecular triggers to the disease process. This article also reviews factors, including age, gender, lifestyle, epigenetic factors, and type 2 diabetes, that are involved in late-onset AD. This article also discusses recent developments in research of mitochondrial structure, function, physiology, dynamics, biogenesis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial DNA changes in healthy and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryll M A Oliver
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Lubbock, TX, United States
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19
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Wong KY, Roy J, Fung ML, Heng BC, Zhang C, Lim LW. Relationships between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurotransmission Failure in Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1291-1316. [PMID: 33014538 PMCID: PMC7505271 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides extracellular deposition of amyloid beta and formation of phosphorylated tau in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the pathogenesis of AD is also thought to involve mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered neurotransmission systems. However, none of these components can describe the diverse cognitive, behavioural, and psychiatric symptoms of AD without the pathologies interacting with one another. The purpose of this review is to understand the relationships between mitochondrial and neurotransmission dysfunctions in terms of (1) how mitochondrial alterations affect cholinergic and monoaminergic systems via disruption of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis; and (2) how different neurotransmission systems drive mitochondrial dysfunction via increasing amyloid beta internalisation, oxidative stress, disruption of mitochondrial permeabilisation, and mitochondrial trafficking. All these interactions are separately discussed in terms of neurotransmission systems. The association of mitochondrial dysfunctions with alterations in dopamine, norepinephrine, and histamine is the prospective goal in this research field. By unfolding the complex interactions surrounding mitochondrial dysfunction in AD, we can better develop potential treatments to delay, prevent, or cure this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Yin Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jaydeep Roy
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Man Lung Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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20
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Hemmerová E, Špringer T, Krištofiková Z, Homola J. Study of Biomolecular Interactions of Mitochondrial Proteins Related to Alzheimer's Disease: Toward Multi-Interaction Biomolecular Processes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1214. [PMID: 32825572 PMCID: PMC7563123 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive mitochondrial dysfunction due to the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide within the mitochondrial matrix represents one of the key characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and appears already in its early stages. Inside the mitochondria, Aβ interacts with a number of biomolecules, including cyclophilin D (cypD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10), and affects their physiological functions. However, despite intensive ongoing research, the exact mechanisms through which Aβ impairs mitochondrial functions remain to be explained. In this work, we studied the interactions of Aβ with cypD and 17β-HSD10 in vitro using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method and determined the kinetic parameters (association and dissociation rates) of these interactions. This is the first work which determines all these parameters under the same conditions, thus, enabling direct comparison of relative affinities of Aβ to its mitochondrial binding partners. Moreover, we used the determined characteristics of the individual interactions to simulate the concurrent interactions of Aβ with cypD and 17β-HSD10 in different model situations associated with the progression of AD. This study not only advances the understanding of Aβ-induced processes in mitochondria during AD, but it also provides a new perspective on research into complex multi-interaction biomolecular processes in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hemmerová
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 1014/57, 182 51 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (T.Š.)
| | - Tomáš Špringer
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 1014/57, 182 51 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (T.Š.)
| | - Zdeňka Krištofiková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiří Homola
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 1014/57, 182 51 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (T.Š.)
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21
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Dumitrescu L, Mahoney ER, Mukherjee S, Lee ML, Bush WS, Engelman CD, Lu Q, Fardo DW, Trittschuh EH, Mez J, Kaczorowski C, Hernandez Saucedo H, Widaman KF, Buckley R, Properzi M, Mormino E, Yang HS, Harrison T, Hedden T, Nho K, Andrews SJ, Tommet D, Hadad N, Sanders RE, Ruderfer DM, Gifford KA, Moore AM, Cambronero F, Zhong X, Raghavan NS, Vardarajan B, Pericak-Vance MA, Farrer LA, Wang LS, Cruchaga C, Schellenberg G, Cox NJ, Haines JL, Keene CD, Saykin AJ, Larson EB, Sperling RA, Mayeux R, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Crane PK, Jefferson AL, Hohman TJ. Genetic variants and functional pathways associated with resilience to Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2020; 143:2561-2575. [PMID: 32844198 PMCID: PMC7447518 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of older adults exhibit the neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease without signs of cognitive impairment. Yet, little is known about the genetic factors that allow these potentially resilient individuals to remain cognitively unimpaired in the face of substantial neuropathology. We performed a large, genome-wide association study (GWAS) of two previously validated metrics of cognitive resilience quantified using a latent variable modelling approach and representing better-than-predicted cognitive performance for a given level of neuropathology. Data were harmonized across 5108 participants from a clinical trial of Alzheimer's disease and three longitudinal cohort studies of cognitive ageing. All analyses were run across all participants and repeated restricting the sample to individuals with unimpaired cognition to identify variants at the earliest stages of disease. As expected, all resilience metrics were genetically correlated with cognitive performance and education attainment traits (P-values < 2.5 × 10-20), and we observed novel correlations with neuropsychiatric conditions (P-values < 7.9 × 10-4). Notably, neither resilience metric was genetically correlated with clinical Alzheimer's disease (P-values > 0.42) nor associated with APOE (P-values > 0.13). In single variant analyses, we observed a genome-wide significant locus among participants with unimpaired cognition on chromosome 18 upstream of ATP8B1 (index single nucleotide polymorphism rs2571244, minor allele frequency = 0.08, P = 2.3 × 10-8). The top variant at this locus (rs2571244) was significantly associated with methylation in prefrontal cortex tissue at multiple CpG sites, including one just upstream of ATPB81 (cg19596477; P = 2 × 10-13). Overall, this comprehensive genetic analysis of resilience implicates a putative role of vascular risk, metabolism, and mental health in protection from the cognitive consequences of neuropathology, while also providing evidence for a novel resilience gene along the bile acid metabolism pathway. Furthermore, the genetic architecture of resilience appears to be distinct from that of clinical Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that a shift in focus to molecular contributors to resilience may identify novel pathways for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emily R Mahoney
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Michael L Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Corinne D Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Emily H Trittschuh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, GRECC, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Deparment of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hector Hernandez Saucedo
- UC Davis Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel Buckley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Properzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hyun-Sik Yang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tessa Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Trey Hedden
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shea J Andrews
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Doug Tommet
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas M Ruderfer
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine A Gifford
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Annah M Moore
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Francis Cambronero
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhong
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Neha S Raghavan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Deparment of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gerard Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angela L Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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22
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Cervellati C, Trentini A, Pecorelli A, Valacchi G. Inflammation in Neurological Disorders: The Thin Boundary Between Brain and Periphery. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:191-210. [PMID: 32143546 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation is a major contributor in the pathogenesis of several highly prevalent, but also rare, neurological diseases. In particular, the neurodegenerative processes of Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VAD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) are fueled by neuroinflammation, which, in turn, is accompanied by a parallel systemic immune dysregulation. This cross-talk between periphery and the brain becomes substantial when the blood-brain barrier loses its integrity, as often occurs in the course of these diseases. It has been hypothesized that the perpetual bidirectional flux of inflammatory mediators is not a mere "static" collateral effect of the neurodegeneration, but represents a proactive phenomenon sparking and driving the neuropathological processes. However, the upstream/downstream relationship between inflammatory events and neurological pathology is still unclear. Recent Advances: Solid recent evidence clearly suggests that metabolic factors, systemic infections, Microbiota dysbiosis, and oxidative stress are implicated, although to a different extent, in the development in brain diseases. Critical Issues: Here, we reviewed the most solid published evidence supporting the implication of the axis systemic inflammation-neuroinflammation-neurodegeneration in the pathogenesis of AD, VAD, PD, and MS, highlighting the possible cause of the putative downstream component of the axis. Future Directions: Reaching a definitive clinical/epidemiological appreciation of the etiopathogenic significance of the connection between peripheral and brain inflammation in neurologic disorders is pivotal since it could open novel therapeutic avenues for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Animal Science Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Animal Science Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Kristofikova Z, Springer T, Gedeonova E, Hofmannova A, Ricny J, Hromadkova L, Vyhnalek M, Laczo J, Nikolai T, Hort J, Petrasek T, Stuchlik A, Vales K, Klaschka J, Homola J. Interactions of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 10 and Cyclophilin D in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:915-927. [PMID: 31997103 PMCID: PMC7078148 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus-encoded 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10) regulates cyclophilin D (cypD) in the mitochondrial matrix. CypD regulates opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores. Both mechanisms may be affected by amyloid β peptides accumulated in mitochondria in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to clarify changes occurring in brain mitochondria, we evaluated interactions of both mitochondrial proteins in vitro (by surface plasmon resonance biosensor) and detected levels of various complexes of 17β-HSD10 formed in vivo (by sandwich ELISA) in brain mitochondria isolated from the transgenic animal model of AD (homozygous McGill-R-Thy1-APP rats) and in cerebrospinal fluid samples of AD patients. By surface plasmon resonance biosensor, we observed the interaction of 17β-HSD10 and cypD in a direct real-time manner and determined, for the first time, the kinetic parameters of the interaction (ka 2.0 × 105 M1s-1, kd 5.8 × 104 s-1, and KD 3.5 × 10-10 M). In McGill-R-Thy1-APP rats compared to controls, levels of 17β-HSD10-cypD complexes were decreased and those of total amyloid β increased. Moreover, the levels of 17β-HSD10-cypD complexes were decreased in cerebrospinal fluid of individuals with AD (in mild cognitive impairment as well as dementia stages) or with Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) compared to cognitively normal controls (the sensitivity of the complexes to AD dementia was 92.9%, that to FTLD 73.8%, the specificity to AD dementia equaled 91.7% in a comparison with the controls but only 26.2% with FTLD). Our results demonstrate the weakened ability of 17β-HSD10 to regulate cypD in the mitochondrial matrix probably via direct effects of amyloid β. Levels of 17β-HSD10-cypD complexes in cerebrospinal fluid seem to be the very sensitive indicator of mitochondrial dysfunction observed in neurodegeneration but unfortunately not specific to AD pathology. We do not recommend it as the new biomarker of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Kristofikova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Springer
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberska 57, 182 51, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Erika Gedeonova
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberska 57, 182 51, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Hofmannova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ricny
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Hromadkova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Clinic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, V uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laczo
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Clinic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, V uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Nikolai
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Clinic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, V uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hort
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Clinic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, V uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Petrasek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vales
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Klaschka
- Institute of Computer Science, Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod vodarenskou vezi 271/2, 182 07, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Homola
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberska 57, 182 51, Prague, Czech Republic
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24
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alpha-Lipoic Acid: Beneficial or Harmful in Alzheimer's Disease? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8409329. [PMID: 31885820 PMCID: PMC6914903 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8409329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by impairments in the cognitive domains associated with orientation, recording, and memory. This pathology results from an abnormal deposition of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and the intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles. Mitochondrial dysfunctions play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD, due to disturbances in the bioenergetic properties of cells. To date, the usual therapeutic drugs are limited because of the diversity of cellular routes in AD and the toxic potential of these agents. In this context, alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) is a well-known fatty acid used as a supplement in several health conditions and diseases, such as periphery neuropathies and neurodegenerative disorders. It is produced in several cell types, eukaryotes, and prokaryotes, showing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. α-LA acts as an enzymatic cofactor able to regulate metabolism, energy production, and mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of α-LA is associated with two thiol groups that can be oxidised or reduced, prevent excess free radical formation, and act on improvement of mitochondrial performance. Moreover, α-LA has mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in genes related to the expression of various inflammatory mediators, such PGE2, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Regarding the pharmacokinetic profile, α-LA has rapid uptake and low bioavailability and the metabolism is primarily hepatic. However, α-LA has low risk in prolonged use, although its therapeutic potential, interactions with other substances, and adverse reactions have not been well established in clinical trials with populations at higher risk for diseases of aging. Thus, this review aimed to describe the pharmacokinetic profile, bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, safety, and effects of combined use with centrally acting drugs, as well as report in vitro and in vivo studies that demonstrate the mitochondrial mechanisms of α-LA involved in AD protection.
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25
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Hemmerová E, Špringer T, Krištofiková Z, Homola J. In vitro study of interaction of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 and cyclophilin D and its potential implications for Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16700. [PMID: 31723183 PMCID: PMC6853915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulates in neuronal mitochondria where it interacts with a number of biomolecules including 17beta-hydroxysteroide dehydrogenase 10 (17β-HSD10) and cyclophilin D (cypD). It has been hypothesized that 17β-HSD10 interacts with cypD preventing it from opening mitochondrial permeability transition pores and that its regulation during AD may be affected by the accumulation of Aβ. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that 17β-HSD10 and cypD form a stable complex in vitro. Furthermore, we show that factors, such as pH, ionic environment and the presence of Aβ, affect the ability of 17β-HSD10 to bind cypD. We demonstrate that K+ and Mg2+ ions present at low levels may facilitate this binding. We also show that different fragments of Aβ (Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42) affect the interaction between 17β-HSD10 and cypD differently and that Aβ1-42 (in contrast to Aβ1-40) is capable of simultaneously binding both 17β-HSD10 and cypD in a tri-complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hemmerová
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 57, 182 51, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Špringer
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 57, 182 51, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Krištofiková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Homola
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 57, 182 51, Prague, Czech Republic.
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26
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Hawkins KE, Duchen M. Modelling mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease using human induced pluripotent stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:236-253. [PMID: 31171953 PMCID: PMC6545525 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i5.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. To date, only five pharmacological agents have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in AD, all of which target the symptoms of the disease rather than the cause. Increasing our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AD will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. Over the years, the major hypotheses of AD etiology have focused on deposition of amyloid beta and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review we highlight the potential of experimental model systems based on human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to provide novel insights into the cellular pathophysiology underlying neurodegeneration in AD. Whilst Down syndrome and familial AD iPSC models faithfully reproduce features of AD such as accumulation of Aβ and tau, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, sporadic AD is much more difficult to model in this way due to its complex etiology. Nevertheless, iPSC-based modelling of AD has provided invaluable insights into the underlying pathophysiology of the disease, and has a huge potential for use as a platform for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Elizabeth Hawkins
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Duchen
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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27
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Amyloid Beta and Phosphorylated Tau-Induced Defective Autophagy and Mitophagy in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050488. [PMID: 31121890 PMCID: PMC6562604 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive impairments. Several decades of intense research have revealed that multiple cellular changes are implicated in the development and progression of AD, including mitochondrial damage, synaptic dysfunction, amyloid beta (Aβ) formation and accumulation, hyperphosphorylated tau (P-Tau) formation and accumulation, deregulated microRNAs, synaptic damage, and neuronal loss in patients with AD. Among these, mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage are early events in the disease process. Recent research also revealed that Aβ and P-Tau-induced defective autophagy and mitophagy are prominent events in AD pathogenesis. Age-dependent increased levels of Aβ and P-Tau reduced levels of several autophagy and mitophagy proteins. In addition, abnormal interactions between (1) Aβ and mitochondrial fission protein Drp1; (2) P-Tau and Drp1; and (3) Aβ and PINK1/parkin lead to an inability to clear damaged mitochondria and other cellular debris from neurons. These events occur selectively in affected AD neurons. The purpose of our article is to highlight recent developments of a Aβ and P-Tau-induced defective autophagy and mitophagy in AD. This article also summarizes several aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction, including abnormal mitochondrial dynamics (increased fission and reduced fusion), defective mitochondrial biogenesis, reduced ATP, increased free radicals and lipid peroxidation, and decreased cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and calcium dyshomeostasis in AD pathogenesis. Our article also discusses how reduced levels of Drp1, Aβ, and P-Tau can enhance the clearance of damaged mitochondria and other cellular debris by autophagy and mitophagy mechanisms.
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28
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Oliver DMA, Reddy PH. Small molecules as therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 96:47-62. [PMID: 30877034 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central protagonist of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Mitochondrial dysfunction stems from various factors including mitochondrial DNA damage and oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species, membrane and ionic gradient destabilization, and interaction with toxic proteins such as amyloid beta (Aβ). Therapeutic drugs such as cholinesterase and glutamate inhibitors have proven to improve synaptic neurotransmitters, but do not address mitochondrial dysfunction. Researchers have demonstrated that oxidative damage may be reduced by increasing endogenous antioxidants, and/or increasing exogenous antioxidants such as vitamin C & E, beta-carotene and glutathione. Nonetheless, as AD pathology intensifies, endogenous antioxidants are overwhelmed, and exogenous antioxidants are unable to reach neuronal mitochondria as they are blocked by the blood brain barrier. Current therapeutic methods however include novel usage of lipophilic phosphonium cation bound to antioxidants, to effect neuronal mitochondria targeted activity. Mitochondria targeted MitoQ, MitoVitE, MitoTempo, MitoPBN and MCAT concentrate within mitochondria where they scavenge free-radicals, and augment mitochondrial dysfunction. Additional molecules include Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptides which target stability of the inner mitochondrial membrane, and DDQ molecule capable of improving bioenergetics and reduce mitochondrial fragmentation. This article discusses advantages and disadvantages of small molecules, their ability to mitigate Aβ induced damage, and ability to ameliorate synaptic dysfunction and cognitive loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryll M A Oliver
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, United State
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, United State; Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Suite E, Lubbock, TX 79413, United States; Cell Biology & Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States.
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29
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Kristofikova Z, Ricny J, Kaping D, Klaschka J, Kotoucova J, Bartos A. Levels of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 in CSF are not a valuable biomarker for multiple sclerosis. Biomark Med 2018; 12:1331-1340. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to characterize the role of mitochondrial 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10) overexpression in multiple sclerosis (MS) and to evaluate its use as a biomarker. Materials & methods: We estimated levels of 17β-HSD10, amyloid β 1–42, cyclophilin D, 17β-HSD10-cyclophilin D complexes or 17β-HSD10-parkin complexes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. Results: The increase in 17β-HSD10 levels or in 17β-HSD10-parkin complexes and links to leukocytes were found only in relapsing–remitting MS. The sensitivity of the biomarker was 64%, the specificity equaled 60–63% compared with controls. Conclusion: Increased CSF levels of 17β-HSD10 in later stages of MS could be interpreted via its upregulation in demyelinated neuronal axons. CSF levels of 17β-HSD10 are not the valuable biomarker for the early diagnosis or for the progression of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Ricny
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Kaping
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Klaschka
- Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences, 182 07 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jolana Kotoucova
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Bartos
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Charles University, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic
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30
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Wilkins HM, Morris JK. New Therapeutics to Modulate Mitochondrial Function in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:731-752. [PMID: 28034353 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666161230144517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial function and energy metabolism are impaired in neurodegenerative diseases. There is evidence for these functional declines both within the brain and systemically in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Due to these observations, therapeutics targeted to alter mitochondrial function and energy pathways are increasingly studied in pre-clinical and clinical settings. METHODS The goal of this article was to review therapies with specific implications on mitochondrial energy metabolism published through May 2016 that have been tested for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS We discuss implications for mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and how this drives new therapeutic initiatives. CONCLUSION Thus far, treatments have achieved varying degrees of success. Further investigation into the mechanisms driving mitochondrial dysfunction and bioenergetic failure in neurodegenerative diseases is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Wilkins
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jill K Morris
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center MS 6002, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160. United States
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31
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Weng TY, Tsai SYA, Su TP. Roles of sigma-1 receptors on mitochondrial functions relevant to neurodegenerative diseases. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:74. [PMID: 28917260 PMCID: PMC5603014 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is a chaperone that resides mainly at the mitochondrion-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (called the MAMs) and acts as a dynamic pluripotent modulator in living systems. At the MAM, the Sig-1R is known to play a role in regulating the Ca2+ signaling between ER and mitochondria and in maintaining the structural integrity of the MAM. The MAM serves as bridges between ER and mitochondria regulating multiple functions such as Ca2+ transfer, energy exchange, lipid synthesis and transports, and protein folding that are pivotal to cell survival and defense. Recently, emerging evidences indicate that the MAM is critical in maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Thus, given the specific localization of the Sig-1R at the MAM, we highlight and propose that the direct or indirect regulations of the Sig-1R on mitochondrial functions may relate to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In addition, the promising use of Sig-1R ligands to rescue mitochondrial dysfunction-induced neurodegeneration is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Weng
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, IRP, NIDA/NIH, Triad Bldg. suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yi Anne Tsai
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, IRP, NIDA/NIH, Triad Bldg. suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, IRP, NIDA/NIH, Triad Bldg. suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
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32
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Hou Y, Song H, Croteau DL, Akbari M, Bohr VA. Genome instability in Alzheimer disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 161:83-94. [PMID: 27105872 PMCID: PMC5195918 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Autosomal dominant, familial AD (fAD) is very rare and caused by mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1 (PSEN-1), and presenilin-2 (PSEN-2) genes. The pathogenesis of sporadic AD (sAD) is more complex and variants of several genes are associated with an increased lifetime risk of AD. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA integrity is pivotal during neuronal development, maintenance and function. DNA damage and alterations in cellular DNA repair capacity have been implicated in the aging process and in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. These findings are supported by research using animal models of AD and in DNA repair deficient animal models. In recent years, novel mechanisms linking DNA damage to neuronal dysfunction have been identified and have led to the development of noninvasive treatment strategies. Further investigations into the molecular mechanisms connecting DNA damage to AD pathology may help to develop novel treatment strategies for this debilitating disease. Here we provide an overview of the role of genome instability and DNA repair deficiency in AD pathology and discuss research strategies that include genome instability as a component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Hou
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hyundong Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mansour Akbari
- Center for Healthy Aging, SUND, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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33
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Bernardo TC, Marques-Aleixo I, Beleza J, Oliveira PJ, Ascensão A, Magalhães J. Physical Exercise and Brain Mitochondrial Fitness: The Possible Role Against Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Pathol 2016; 26:648-63. [PMID: 27328058 PMCID: PMC8029062 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is one of the most effective strategies to maintain a healthy body and mind, with particular beneficial effects of exercise on promoting brain plasticity, increasing cognition and reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia in later life. Moreover, the beneficial effects resulting from increased physical activity occur at different levels of cellular organization, mitochondria being preferential target organelles. The relevance of this review article relies on the need to integrate the current knowledge of proposed mechanisms, focus mitochondria, to explain the protective effects of exercise that might underlie neuroplasticity and seeks to synthesize these data in the context of exploring exercise as a feasible intervention to delay cognitive impairment associated with neurodegenerative conditions, particularly Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Bernardo
- CIAFEL-Research Centre in Physical Activity, , Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - I Marques-Aleixo
- CIAFEL-Research Centre in Physical Activity, , Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Beleza
- CIAFEL-Research Centre in Physical Activity, , Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - P J Oliveira
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Ascensão
- CIAFEL-Research Centre in Physical Activity, , Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Magalhães
- CIAFEL-Research Centre in Physical Activity, , Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Kristofikova Z, Ricny J, Vyhnalek M, Hort J, Laczo J, Sirova J, Klaschka J, Ripova D. Levels of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 10 in Cerebrospinal Fluid of People with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Various Types of Dementias. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:105-14. [PMID: 26401932 DOI: 10.3233/jad-142898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of the mitochondrial enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10, which is also known as the intracellular amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) binding protein) is observed in cortical or hippocampal regions of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). It appears that 17β-HSD10 may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. OBJECTIVE We investigated the possibility that levels of 17β-HSD10 in cerebrospinal fluid could be a prospective biomarker of AD. METHODS We estimated the enzyme levels in 161 people (15 non-demented controls, 52 people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 35 people with probable AD, or 59 people with other types of dementia) and compared them with those of Aβ(1- 42), tau, and phospho-tau. RESULTS We found significantly higher levels of 17β-HSD10 in people with MCI due to AD (to 109.9% ), with AD (to 120.0% ), or with other types of dementia (to 110.9% ) when compared to the control group. The sensitivity of the new biomarker to AD was 80.0% , and the specificity was 73.3% (compared to controls) or 52.5-59.1% (compared to other types of dementia). Results of multiple linear regression and of correlation analysis revealed AD-mediated changes in links between 17β-HSD10 and Mini Mental State Examination score. CONCLUSION It seems that changes in 17β-HSD10 start many years before symptom onset, analogous to those in Aβ1 - 42, tau, or phospho-tau and that the levels are a relatively highly sensitive but unfortunately less specific biomarker of AD. A role of 17β-HSD10 overexpression in AD is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Ricny
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Memory Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laczo
- Memory Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Sirova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Klaschka
- Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences, Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Ripova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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Aitken L, Quinn SD, Perez-Gonzalez C, Samuel IDW, Penedo JC, Gunn-Moore FJ. Morphology-Specific Inhibition of β-Amyloid Aggregates by 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 10. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1029-37. [PMID: 26991863 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the formation of toxic aggregates of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). Given that Aβ peptides are known to localise within mitochondria and interact with 17β-HSD10, a mitochondrial protein expressed at high levels in AD brains, we investigated the inhibitory potential of 17β-HSD10 against Aβ aggregation under a range of physiological conditions. Fluorescence self-quenching (FSQ) of Aβ(1-42) labelled with HiLyte Fluor 555 was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect under conditions established to grow distinct Aβ morphologies. 17β-HSD10 preferentially inhibits the formation of globular and fibrillar-like structures but has no effect on the growth of amorphous plaque-like aggregates at endosomal pH 6. This work provides insights into the dependence of the Aβ-17β-HSD10 interaction with the morphology of Aβ aggregates and how this impacts enzymatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aitken
- School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Steven D Quinn
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK.,SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK.,WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Cibran Perez-Gonzalez
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK.,Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, Biomolecular Sciences Building, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - J Carlos Penedo
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK. .,Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, Biomolecular Sciences Building, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Frank J Gunn-Moore
- School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TF, UK.
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36
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Zhao C, Lv C, Li H, Du S, Liu X, Li Z, Xin W, Zhang W. Geniposide Protects Primary Cortical Neurons against Oligomeric Aβ1-42-Induced Neurotoxicity through a Mitochondrial Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152551. [PMID: 27046221 PMCID: PMC4821580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) in the brains of AD patients is thought to be closely related to neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Therefore, protecting mitochondria from Aβ-induced neurotoxicity is an effective strategy for AD therapeutics. In a previous study, we found that geniposide, a pharmacologically active compound purified from gardenia fruit, has protective effects on oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in AD transgenic mouse models. However, whether geniposide has a protective effect on Aβ-induced neuronal dysfunction remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that geniposide protects cultured primary cortical neurons from Aβ-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction by recovering ATP generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) and caspase 3/9 activity; by reducing ROS production and cytochrome c leakage; as well as by inhibiting apoptosis. These findings suggest that geniposide may attenuate Aβ-induced neuronal injury by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Lv
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of science, Jinan, China
- College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Li
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijing Du
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sanqi Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical, Yun Nan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Xin
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sanqi Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical, Yun Nan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sanqi Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical, Yun Nan Province, Kunming, China
- * E-mail:
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37
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Oxidative and Inflammatory Pathways in Age-Related Chronic Disease Processes. INFLAMMATION, AGING, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33486-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Kobayashi S, Tanaka Y, Kiyono M, Chino M, Chikuma T, Hoshi K, Ikeshima H. Dependence pH and proposed mechanism for aggregation of Alzheimer’s disease-related amyloid-β(1–42) protein. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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39
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Hernández-Zimbrón LF, Rivas-Arancibia S. Oxidative stress caused by ozone exposure induces β-amyloid 1-42 overproduction and mitochondrial accumulation by activating the amyloidogenic pathway. Neuroscience 2015. [PMID: 26197225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) that has been suggested to be the trigger of AD pathology. However, whether oxidative damage precedes and contributes directly to the intracellular accumulation of beta amyloid 1-42 (βA42) peptide remains a matter of debate. Chronic exposure to low doses of ozone similar to the levels during a day of high pollution in México City causes a state of oxidative stress that elicits progressive neurodegeneration in the hippocampi of rats. Several reports have demonstrated that the mitochondria are among the first organelles to be affected by oxidative stress and βA42 toxicity and act as sites of the accumulation of βA42, which affects energy metabolism. However, the mechanisms related to the neurodegeneration process and organelle damage that occur in conditions of chronic exposure to low doses of ozone have not been demonstrated. To analyze the effect of chronic ozone chronic exposure on changes in the production and accumulation of the βA42 and βA40 peptides in the mitochondria of hippocampal neurons of rats exposed to ozone, we examined the mitochondrial expression levels of Presenilins 1 and 2 and ADAM10 to detect changes related to the oxidative stress caused by low doses of ozone (0.25ppm). The results revealed significant accumulations of βA42 peptide in the mitochondrial fractions on days 60 and 90 of ozone exposure along with reductions in beta amyloid 1-40 accumulation, significant overexpressions of Pres2 and significant reductions in ADAM10 expression. Beta amyloid immunodetection revealed that there were some intracellular deposits of βA42 and that βA42 and the mitochondrial markers OPA1 and COX1 colocalized. These results indicate that the time of exposure to ozone and the accumulation of βA42 in the mitochondria of the hippocampal cells of rats were correlated. Our results suggest that the accumulation of the βA42 peptide may promote mitochondrial dysfunction due to its accumulation and overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Hernández-Zimbrón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
| | - S Rivas-Arancibia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico.
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40
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Vangavaragu JR, Valasani KR, Fang D, Williams TD, Yan SS. Determination of small molecule ABAD inhibitors crossing blood-brain barrier and pharmacokinetics. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 42:333-44. [PMID: 24858403 DOI: 10.3233/jad-140252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A major obstacle to the development of effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is successfully delivery of drugs to the brain. We have previously identified a series of benzothiazole phosphonate compounds that block the interaction of amyloid-β peptide with amyloid-β binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD). A selective and sensitive method for the presence of three new benzothiazole ABAD inhibitors in mouse plasma, brain, and artificial cerebrospinal fluid has been developed and validated based on high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Mass spectra were generated using Micromass Quattro Ultima "triple" quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an Electrospray Ionization interface. Good linearity was obtained over a concentration range of 0.05-2.5 μg/ml. The lowest limit of quantification and detection was found to be 0.05 μg/ml. All inter-day accuracies and precisions were within ± 15% of the nominal value and ± 20%, respectively, at the lower limit of quantitation. The tested compounds were stable at various conditions with recoveries >90.0% (RSD <10%). The method used for pharmacokinetic studies of compounds in mouse cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and brain is accurate, precise, and specific with no matrix effect. Pharmacokinetic data showed that these compounds penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) yielding 4-50 ng/ml peak brain concentrations and 2 μg/ml peak plasma concentrations from a 10 mg/kg dose. These results indicate that our newly synthesized small molecule ABAD inhibitors have a good drug properties with the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, which holds a great potential for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhansi Rani Vangavaragu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Koteswara Rao Valasani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Du Fang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Todd D Williams
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Shirley ShiDu Yan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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41
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Yang SY, He XY, Isaacs C, Dobkin C, Miller D, Philipp M. Roles of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 in neurodegenerative disorders. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:460-72. [PMID: 25007702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10) is encoded by the HSD17B10 gene mapping at Xp11.2. This homotetrameric mitochondrial multifunctional enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of neuroactive steroids and the degradation of isoleucine. This enzyme is capable of binding to other peptides, such as estrogen receptor α, amyloid-β, and tRNA methyltransferase 10C. Missense mutations of the HSD17B10 gene result in 17β-HSD10 deficiency, an infantile neurodegeneration characterized by progressive psychomotor regression and alteration of mitochondria morphology. 17β-HSD10 exhibits only a negligible alcohol dehydrogenase activity, and is not localized in the endoplasmic reticulum or plasma membrane. Its alternate name - Aβ binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) - is a misnomer predicated on the mistaken belief that this enzyme is an alcohol dehydrogenase. Misconceptions about the localization and function of 17β-HSD10 abound. 17β-HSD10's proven location and function must be accurately identified to properly assess this enzyme's important role in brain metabolism, especially the metabolism of allopregnanolone. The brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of animals in an AD mouse model exhibit abnormally elevated levels of 17β-HSD10. Abnormal expression, as well as mutations of the HSD17B10 gene leads to impairment of the structure, function, and dynamics of mitochondria. This may underlie the pathogenesis of the synaptic and neuronal deficiency exhibited in 17β-HSD10 related diseases, including 17β-HSD10 deficiency and AD. Restoration of steroid homeostasis could be achieved by the supplementation of neuroactive steroids with a proper dosing and treatment regimen or by the adjustment of 17β-HSD10 activity to protect neurons. The discovery of this enzyme's true function has opened a new therapeutic avenue for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA; Neuroscience Doctoral Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Xue-Ying He
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Charles Isaacs
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Carl Dobkin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA; Neuroscience Doctoral Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Miller
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Manfred Philipp
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of CUNY, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Biochemistry Doctoral Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, NY 10016, USA
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Wainaina MN, Chen Z, Zhong C. Environmental factors in the development and progression of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:253-70. [PMID: 24664867 PMCID: PMC5562669 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual loss of synapses and neurons, but its pathogenesis remains to be clarified. Neurons live in an environment constituted by neurons themselves and glial cells. In this review, we propose that the neuronal degeneration in the AD brain is partially caused by diverse environmental factors. We first discuss various environmental stresses and the corresponding responses at different levels. Then we propose some mechanisms underlying the specific pathological changes, in particular, hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis dysfunction at the systemic level; cerebrovascular dysfunction, metal toxicity, glial activation, and Aβ toxicity at the intercellular level; and kinase-phosphatase imbalance and epigenetic modification at the intracellular level. Finally, we discuss the possibility of developing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of LOAD from the perspective of environmental stress. We conclude that environmental factors play a significant role in the development of LOAD through multiple pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses N. Wainaina
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Zhichun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Protein folding and misfolding in the neurodegenerative disorders: a review. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2014; 170:151-61. [PMID: 24613386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding is an intrinsic aspect of normal folding within the complex cellular environment. Its effects are minimized in living system by the action of a range of protective mechanisms including molecular chaperones and quality control systems. According to the current growing research, protein misfolding is a recognized key feature of most neurodegenerative diseases. Extensive biochemical, neuropathological, and genetic evidence suggest that the cerebral accumulation of amyloid fibrils is the central event in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In the first part of this review we have discussed the general course of action of folding and misfolding of the proteins. Later part of this review gives an outline regarding the role of protein misfolding in the molecular and cellular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's and Parkinson along with their treatment possibilities. Finally, we have mentioned about the recent findings in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Jalland CMO, Benestad SL, Ersdal C, Scheffler K, Suganthan R, Nakabeppu Y, Eide L, Bjørås M, Tranulis MA. Accelerated clinical course of prion disease in mice compromised in repair of oxidative DNA damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 68:1-7. [PMID: 24296244 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The detailed mechanisms of prion-induced neurotoxicity are largely unknown. Here, we have studied the role of DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species in a mouse scrapie model by characterizing prion disease in the ogg1(-/-)mutyh(-/-) double knockout, which is compromised in oxidative DNA base excision repair. Ogg1 initiates removal of the major oxidation product 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) in DNA, and Mutyh initiates removal of adenine that has been misincorporated opposite 8-oxoG. Our data show that the onset of clinical signs appeared unaffected by Mutyh and Ogg1 expression. However, the ogg1(-/-)mutyh(-/-) mice displayed a significantly shorter clinical phase of the disease. Thus, accumulation of oxidative DNA damage might be of particular importance in the terminal clinical phase of prion disease. The prion-induced pathology and lesion profile were similar between knockout mice and controls. The fragmentation pattern of protease-resistant PrP as revealed in Western blots was also identical between the groups. Our data show that the fundamentals of prion propagation and pathological manifestation are not influenced by the oxidative DNA damage repair mechanisms studied here, but that progressive accumulation of oxidative lesions may accelerate the final toxic phase of prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cecilie Ersdal
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Katja Scheffler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Rajikala Suganthan
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Lars Eide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
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Hernández-Zimbrón LF, Rivas-Arancibia S. Deciphering an interplay of proteins associated with amyloid β 1-42 peptide and molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease. Rev Neurosci 2014; 25:773-83. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractExtracellular and intracellular accumulation of amyloid beta 1-42 peptide in different states of aggregation has been involved in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the precise mechanisms involved in amyloid beta peptide neurotoxicity have not been fully understood. There exists a wide variety of studies demonstrating the binding of amyloid beta peptide to a great variety of macromolecules and that such associations affect the cellular functions. This type of association involves proteins and receptors anchored to the plasma membrane of neurons or immune cells of the central nervous system as well as intracellular proteins that can alter intracellular transport, activate signaling pathways or affect proper mitochondrial function. In this review, we present some examples of such associations and the role played by these interactions, which are generally involved in the pathological progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Gottschalk WK, Lutz MW, He YT, Saunders AM, Burns DK, Roses AD, Chiba-Falek O. The Broad Impact of TOM40 on Neurodegenerative Diseases in Aging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 1. [PMID: 25745640 DOI: 10.13188/2376-922x.1000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's spectrum disorders. A polymorphism in Translocase of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane - 40 kD (TOMM40) is associated with risk and age-of onset of late-onset AD, and is the only nuclear- encoded gene identified in genetic studies to date that presumably contributes to LOAD-related mitochondria dysfunction. In this review, we describe the TOM40-mediated mitochondrial protein import mechanism, and discuss the evidence linking TOM40 with Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases. All but 36 of the >~1,500 mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and are synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes, and most of these are imported into mitochondria through the TOM complex, of which TOM40 is the central pore, mediating communication between the cytoplasm and the mitochondrial interior. APP enters and obstructs the TOM40 pore, inhibiting import of OXPHOS-related proteins and disrupting the mitochondrial redox balance. Other pathogenic proteins, such as Aβ and alpha-synuclein, readily pass through the pore and cause toxic effects by directly inhibiting mitochondrial enzymes. Healthy mitochondria normally import and degrade the PD-related protein Pink1, but Pink1 exits mitochondria if the membrane potential collapses and initiates Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Under normal circumstances, this process helps clear dysfunctional mitochondria and contributes to cellular health, but PINK1 mutations associated with PD exit mitochondria with intact membrane potentials, disrupting mitochondrial dynamics, leading to pathology. Thus, TOM40 plays a central role in the mitochondrial dysfunction that underlies age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Learning about the factors that control TOM40 levels and activity, and how TOM40, specifically, and the TOM complex, generally, interacts with potentially pathogenic proteins, will provide deeper insights to AD and PD pathogenesis, and possibly new targets for preventative and/or therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K Gottschalk
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael W Lutz
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yu Ting He
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ann M Saunders
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Allen D Roses
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Roh SE, Woo JA, Lakshmana MK, Uhlar C, Ankala V, Boggess T, Liu T, Hong YH, Mook-Jung I, Kim SJ, Kang DE. Mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium deregulation by the RanBP9-cofilin pathway. FASEB J 2013; 27:4776-89. [PMID: 23982146 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-234765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage are important features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) associated with amyloid β (Aβ) and tau. We reported previously that the scaffolding protein RanBP9, which is overall increased in brains of patients with AD and in mutant APP transgenic mice, simultaneously promotes Aβ generation and focal adhesion disruption by accelerating the endocytosis of APP and β1-integrin, respectively. Moreover, RanBP9 induces neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo and mediates Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Here we show in primary hippocampal neurons that RanBP9 potentiates Aβ-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, apoptosis, and calcium deregulation. Analyses of calcium-handling measures demonstrate that RanBP9 selectively delays the clearance of cytosolic Ca(2+) mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter through a process involving the translocation of cofilin into mitochondria and oxidative mechanisms. Further, RanBP9 retards the anterograde axonal transport of mitochondria in primary neurons and decreases synaptic mitochondrial activity in brain. These data indicate that RanBP9, cofilin, and Aβ mimic and potentiate each other to produce mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS overproduction, and calcium deregulation, which leads to neurodegenerative changes reminiscent of those seen in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Eon Roh
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Institute, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave., Tampa, FL 33613, USA.
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Wang X, Yang Y, Jia M, Ma C, Wang M, Che L, Yang Y, Wu J. The novel amyloid-beta peptide aptamer inhibits intracellular amyloid-beta peptide toxicity. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:39-48. [PMID: 25206370 PMCID: PMC4107502 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β peptide binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) decoy peptide (DP) can competitively antagonize binding of amyloid β peptide to ABAD and inhibit the cytotoxic effects of amyloid β peptide. Based on peptide aptamers, the present study inserted ABAD-DP into the disulfide bond of human thioredoxin (TRX) using molecular cloning technique to construct a fusion gene that can express the TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 aptamer. Moreover, adeno-associated virus was used to allow its stable expression. Immunofluorescent staining revealed the co-expression of the transduced fusion gene TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 and amyloid β peptide in NIH-3T3 cells, indicating that the TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 aptamer can bind amyloid β peptide within cells. In addition, cell morphology and MTT results suggested that TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 attenuated amyloid β peptide-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury and improved cell viability. These findings confirmed the possibility of constructing TRX-based peptide aptamer using ABAD-DP. Moreover, TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 inhibited the cytotoxic effect of amyloid β peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mingyue Jia
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chi Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lihe Che
- Department of Infection, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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Abstract
Mitochondria are well-known cellular organelles widely studied in relation to a variety of disease states, including Alzheimer's disease. With roles in several metabolic processes, numerous signal transduction pathways, and overall cell maintenance and survival, mitochondria are essential to understanding the inner workings of cells. As mitochondria are able to be utilized by diverse illnesses to increase the likelihood of disease progression, targeting specific processes in these organelles could provide beneficial therapeutic options.
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