1
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Bai H, Xian N, Zhao F, Zhou Y, Qin S. The dual role of SUSD2 in cancer development. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176754. [PMID: 38897441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Sushi domain-containing protein 2 (SUSD2, also known as the complement control protein domain) is a representative and vital protein in the SUSD protein family involved in many physiological and pathological processes beyond complement regulation. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The complex role of SUSD2 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression has raised increasing concerns. Studies suggest that SUSD2 has different regulatory tendencies among different tumors and exerts its biological effects in a cancer type-specific manner; for instance, it has oncogenic effects on breast cancer, gastric cancer, and glioma and has tumor-suppression effects on lung cancer, bladder cancer, and colon cancer. Moreover, SUSD2 can be regulated by noncoding RNAs, its promoter methylation and other molecules, such as Galectin-1 (Gal-1), tropomyosin alpha-4 chain (TPM4), and p63. The therapeutic implications of targeting SUSD2 have already been preliminarily revealed in some malignancies, including melanoma, colon cancer, and breast cancer. This article reviews the role and regulatory mechanisms of SUSD2 in cancer development, as well as its structure and distribution. We hope that this review will advance the understanding of SUSD2 as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker and provide new avenues for the development of novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bai
- The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Building 21, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Ningyi Xian
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengyu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yikun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Sida Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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2
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Zhao B, Gong W, Ma A, Chen J, Velegraki M, Dong H, Liu Z, Wang L, Okimoto T, Jones DM, Lei YL, Long M, Oestreich KJ, Ma Q, Xin G, Carbone DP, He K, Li Z, Wen H. SUSD2 suppresses CD8 + T cell antitumor immunity by targeting IL-2 receptor signaling. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1588-1599. [PMID: 36266363 PMCID: PMC9669207 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional CD8+ T cells, which have defective production of antitumor effectors, represent a major mediator of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we show that SUSD2 is a negative regulator of CD8+ T cell antitumor function. Susd2-/- effector CD8+ T cells showed enhanced production of antitumor molecules, which consequently blunted tumor growth in multiple syngeneic mouse tumor models. Through a quantitative mass spectrometry assay, we found that SUSD2 interacted with interleukin (IL)-2 receptor α through sushi domain-dependent protein interactions and that this interaction suppressed the binding of IL-2, an essential cytokine for the effector functions of CD8+ T cells, to IL-2 receptor α. SUSD2 was not expressed on regulatory CD4+ T cells and did not affect the inhibitory function of these cells. Adoptive transfer of Susd2-/- chimeric antigen receptor T cells induced a robust antitumor response in mice, highlighting the potential of SUSD2 as an immunotherapy target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Zhao
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Weipeng Gong
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anjun Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maria Velegraki
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hong Dong
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zihao Liu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lingling Wang
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tamio Okimoto
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Devin M Jones
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yu L Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Meixiao Long
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth J Oestreich
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gang Xin
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David P Carbone
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kai He
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Haitao Wen
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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3
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Xia L, Zhu G, Huang H, He Y, Liu X. LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) silencing protects lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell injury in human lung fibroblasts WI-38 through acting as miR-141-3p sponge. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1077-1087. [PMID: 33836533 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) is correlated with cell injuries, including pneumonia. However, its role and mechanism remain vague in pneumonia. The interplay among genes was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down assay. SNHG16 and sushi domain containing 2 (SUSD2) were upregulated, and miRNA (miR)-141-3p was downregulated in the serum of acute pneumonia patients and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged human lung fibroblasts WI-38. LPS induced apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammatory response in WI-38 cells, which was significantly attenuated by SNHG16 knockdown and/or miR-141-3p overexpression. Notably, both SNHG16 and SUSD2 were identified as target genes of miR-141-3p. Besides, the suppressive role of SNHG16 knockdown in LPS-induced in WI-38 cells was partially abolished by miR-141-3p silencing, and the similar inhibition of miR-141-3p overexpression was further blocked by SUSD2 restoration. In conclusion, knockdown of SNHG16 could alleviate LPS-induced apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation in WI-38 cells partially though the SNHG16/miR-141-3p/SUSD2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyun Huang
- Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yishui He
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingguang Liu
- Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
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4
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Sheets JN, Patrick ME, Egland KA. SUSD2 expression correlates with decreased metastasis and increased survival in a high-grade serous ovarian cancer xenograft murine model. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2290-2301. [PMID: 32595828 PMCID: PMC7299533 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of death among high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients involves passive dissemination of cancer cells within the peritoneal cavity and subsequent implantation of cancer spheroids into adjacent organs. Sushi DomainContaining 2 (SUSD2) encodes a type I transmembrane protein containing several functional domains inherent to adhesion molecules. Previous studies using in vitro methods have indicated that SUSD2 functions as a tumor suppressor in several cancers, including HGSOC. In this study, we generated a HGSOC xenograft mouse model to investigate SUSD2 expression in the context of HGSOC late-stage metastasis and overall survival. OVCAR3 cells with knock-down expression of SUSD2 (OVCAR3 SUSD2-KD) or endogenous expression of SUSD2 (OVCAR3-Non-Targeting (NT)) were injected into the peritoneal cavity of athymic nude mice. Immunohistochemistry analysis was utilized to identify infiltrating cancer cells and metastatic tumors in mouse ovaries, pancreas, spleen, omentum and liver. OVCAR3-NT mice developed significantly less cancer cell infiltrate and tumors in their pancreas and omentum compared to OVCAR3 SUSD2-KD mice. Furthermore, OVCAR3-NT mice displayed a longer median survival when compared to OVCAR3 SUSD2-KD mice (175 days and 185.5 days, respectively; p-value 0.0159). Altogether, the findings generated through the preclinical mouse model suggest that increased SUSD2 expression in HGSOC impedes in vivo metastasis to pancreas and omentum. These results correlate to longer median survival and prove to be consistent with previous findings showing prolonged survival of HGSOC patients with high SUSD2-expressing primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan N Sheets
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Mitch E Patrick
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Kristi A Egland
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,SAb Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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5
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Bruikman CS, Dalila N, van Capelleveen JC, Kroon J, Peter J, Havik SR, Willems M, Huisman LC, de Boer OJ, Hovingh GK, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Dallinga-Thie GM. Genetic variants in SUSD2 are associated with the risk of ischemic heart disease. J Clin Lipidol 2020; 14:470-481. [PMID: 32620384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors partly determine the risk for premature myocardial infarction (MI). OBJECTIVES We report the identification of a novel rare genetic variant in a kindred with an autosomal dominant trait for premature MI and atherosclerosis and explored the association of a common nonsynonymous variant in the same gene with the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in a population-based study. METHODS Next-generation sequencing was performed in a small pedigree with premature MI or subclinical atherosclerosis. A common variant, rs8141797 A>G (p.Asn466Ser), in sushi domain-containing protein 2 (SUSD2) was studied in the prospective Copenhagen General Population Studies (N = 105,408) for association with IHD. RESULTS A novel heterozygous nonsense mutation in SUSD2 (c.G583T; p.Glu195Ter) was associated with the disease phenotype in the pedigree. SUSD2 protein was expressed in aortic specimens in the subendothelial cell layer and around the vasa vasorum. Furthermore, the minor G-allele of rs8141797 was associated with per allele higher levels of SUSD2 mRNA expression in the heart and vasculature. In the Copenhagen General Population Study, hazard ratios for IHD were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87-0.97) in AG heterozygotes and 0.86 (0.62-1.19) in GG homozygotes vs noncarrriers (P-trend = .002). Finally, in meta-analysis including 73,983 IHD cases and 215,730 controls, the odds ratio for IHD per G-allele vs A-allele was 0.93 (0.90-0.96) (P = 4.6 × 10-7). CONCLUSIONS The identification of a truncating mutation in SUSD2, which was associated with premature MI and subclinical atherosclerosis, combined with the finding that a common missense variant in SUSD2 was strongly associated with a lower risk of IHD, suggest that SUSD2 may alter the risk of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Bruikman
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nawar Dalila
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Section for Molecular Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julian C van Capelleveen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Peter
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan R Havik
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Willems
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Flevoziekenhuis Almere, Almere, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens C Huisman
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Onno J de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Section for Molecular Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Geesje M Dallinga-Thie
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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Guo W, Shao F, Sun S, Song P, Guo L, Xue X, Zhang G, Zhang H, Gao Y, Qiu B, Tan F, Gao S, He J. Loss of SUSD2 expression correlates with poor prognosis in patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:1648-1656. [PMID: 32194777 PMCID: PMC7052850 DOI: 10.7150/jca.39319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited evidence regarding the relationship between the expression of Sushi Domain Containing 2 (SUSD2) and prognosis of patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of SUSD2 expression in LUAD. To assess SUSD2 expression in LUAD, we conducted both integrated bioinformatic analysis based on the TCGA database and also immunohistochemistry study using a tissue microarray encompassing 578 LUAD cases from our hospital. Reduced SUSD2 expression was associated with gender, smoking history, higher pathological grade, lymph node metastasis, larger tumor length, advanced TNM stage. LUAD patients with SUSD2-positive tumors showed significantly better overall survival (OS) than those with SUSD2-negative tumors (P = 0.000). When patients were stratified into those with stage I (218, 37.7%), II (152, 26.3%) and III (208, 36.0%) disease, and those without (254, 43.9%) and with (324, 56.1%) lymph node metastasis, the prognostic effect was almost consistent. The OS of patients with positive SUSD2 expression was significantly better in patients with stage I (P = 0.000), III (P = 0.000), without (P = 0.000) and with (P = 0.001) lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis showed that loss of SUSD2 predicted a shorter survival time and was an independent prognostic factor for LUAD patients. Our study indicated that SUSD2 may serve as a new prognostic and potential therapeutic target in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Shao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071,The People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Sijin Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Xue
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Fengwei Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, The People's Republic of China
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7
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Jonusaite S, Beyenbach KW, Meyer H, Paululat A, Izumi Y, Furuse M, Rodan AR. The septate junction protein Mesh is required for epithelial morphogenesis, ion transport, and paracellular permeability in the Drosophila Malpighian tubule. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C675-C694. [PMID: 31913700 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00492.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Septate junctions (SJs) are occluding cell-cell junctions that have roles in paracellular permeability and barrier function in the epithelia of invertebrates. Arthropods have two types of SJs, pleated SJs and smooth SJs (sSJs). In Drosophila melanogaster, sSJs are found in the midgut and Malpighian tubules, but the functions of sSJs and their protein components in the tubule epithelium are unknown. Here we examined the role of the previously identified integral sSJ component, Mesh, in the Malpighian tubule. We genetically manipulated mesh specifically in the principal cells of the tubule at different life stages. Tubules of flies with developmental mesh knockdown revealed defects in epithelial architecture, sSJ molecular and structural organization, and lack of urine production in basal and kinin-stimulated conditions, resulting in edema and early adult lethality. Knockdown of mesh during adulthood did not disrupt tubule epithelial and sSJ integrity but decreased the transepithelial potential, diminished transepithelial fluid and ion transport, and decreased paracellular permeability to 4-kDa dextran. Drosophila kinin decreased transepithelial potential and increased chloride permeability, and it stimulated fluid secretion in both control and adult mesh knockdown tubules but had no effect on 4-kDa dextran flux. Together, these data indicate roles for Mesh in the developmental maturation of the Drosophila Malpighian tubule and in ion and macromolecular transport in the adult tubule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Jonusaite
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Klaus W Beyenbach
- Division of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Division of Zoology and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Achim Paululat
- Division of Zoology and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Yasushi Izumi
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Aylin R Rodan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
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8
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Patrick ME, Egland KA. SUSD2 Proteolytic Cleavage Requires the GDPH Sequence and Inter-Fragment Disulfide Bonds for Surface Presentation of Galectin-1 on Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3814. [PMID: 31387209 PMCID: PMC6696261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a 14 kDa protein that has been well characterized for promoting cancer metastasis and tumor immune evasion. By localizing to the cancer cell surface, Gal-1 induces T cell apoptosis through binding T cell surface receptors. The transmembrane protein, Sushi Domain Containing 2 (SUSD2), has been previously shown to be required for Gal-1 surface presentation in breast cancer cells. Western immunoblot analysis revealed that SUSD2 is cleaved into two fragments. However, the significance of this cleavage for Gal-1 surface localization has not been investigated. To define the location of cleavage, a mutagenesis analysis of SUSD2 was performed. Our studies demonstrated that SUSD2 is cleaved at its glycine-aspartic acid-proline-histidine (GDPH) amino acid sequence. Generation of a noncleavable SUSD2 mutant (GDPH∆-SUSD2) showed that SUSD2 cleavage was required for SUSD2 and Gal-1 plasma membrane localization. Noncleavable cysteine mutants were also unable to present Gal-1 at the cell surface, further demonstrating that SUSD2 cleavage is required for Gal-1 surface presentation. Treatment with the serine protease inhibitor, Pefabloc SC, inhibited SUSD2 cleavage in a dose dependent manner, suggesting that SUSD2 is cleaved by a serine protease. Therefore, identification and inhibition of this protease may provide a new therapeutic tool for inhibiting SUSD2 and Gal-1's combined tumorigenic function in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch E Patrick
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Kristi A Egland
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
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9
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Bredenkamp N, Stirparo GG, Nichols J, Smith A, Guo G. The Cell-Surface Marker Sushi Containing Domain 2 Facilitates Establishment of Human Naive Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:1212-1222. [PMID: 31031191 PMCID: PMC6565611 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently naive human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been described that relate to an earlier stage of development than conventional hPSCs. Naive hPSCs remain challenging to generate and authenticate, however. Here we report that Sushi Containing Domain 2 (SUSD2) is a robust cell-surface marker of naive hPSCs in the embryo and in vitro. SUSD2 transcripts are enriched in the pre-implantation epiblast of human blastocysts and immunostaining shows localization of SUSD2 to KLF17-positive epiblast cells. SUSD2 mRNA is strongly expressed in naive hPSCs but is negligible in other hPSCs. SUSD2 immunostaining of live or fixed cells provides unambiguous discrimination of naive versus conventional hPSCs. SUSD2 staining or flow cytometry enable monitoring of naive hPSCs in maintenance culture, and their isolation and quantification during resetting of conventional hPSCs or somatic cell reprogramming. Thus SUSD2 is a powerful non-invasive tool for reliable identification and purification of the naive hPSC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Bredenkamp
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | | | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Austin Smith
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.
| | - Ge Guo
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
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10
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Umeda S, Kanda M, Miwa T, Tanaka H, Tanaka C, Kobayashi D, Suenaga M, Hattori N, Hayashi M, Yamada S, Nakayama G, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Expression of sushi domain containing two reflects the malignant potential of gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5194-5204. [PMID: 30259711 PMCID: PMC6198216 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic recurrence of gastric cancer (GC) is uncontrollable. Discovery of causative oncogenes and the development of sensitive biomarkers to predict hepatic recurrence are required to improve patients’ outcomes. In this study, recurrence pattern‐specific transcriptome analysis of 57 749 genes was conducted to identify mRNAs specifically associated with hepatic metastasis of patients with stage III GC who underwent curative resection. GC cell lines were subjected to mRNA expression analysis, PCR array analysis, and siRNA‐mediated knockdown. The expression levels of primary cancer tissues from 154 patients with resectable GC were determined and correlated with clinicopathological variables. Among 21 genes significantly overexpressed specifically in patients with hepatic recurrence, Sushi domain containing 2 (SUSD2) was selected as a promising target. PCR array analysis revealed that SUSD2 mRNA levels positively correlated with those of FZD7, CDH2, TGFB1, SPARC, ITGA5, and ZEB1. Functional analysis revealed that knockdown of SUSD2 significantly reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness GC cell lines. Patients with high SUSD2 expression were more likely to experience shorter disease‐free and overall survival. Analysis of the relation between disease recurrence pattern and SUSD2 levels revealed that significantly more patients with hepatic metastases expressed higher levels of SUSD2 mRNA. The cumulative incidence of hepatic recurrence was greater in patients with high SUSD2 expression. In conclusion, SUSD2 likely contributes to the malignant potential of GC and may serve as a novel biomarker that predicts hepatic recurrence after curative resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Miwa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaya Suenaga
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norifumi Hattori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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11
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Tang J, Pulliam N, Özeş A, Buechlein A, Ding N, Keer H, Rusch D, O'Hagan H, Stack MS, Nephew KP. Epigenetic Targeting of Adipocytes Inhibits High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1226-1240. [PMID: 29759990 PMCID: PMC6072573 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) cells frequently metastasize to the omentum, and adipocytes play a significant role in ovarian tumor progression. Therapeutic interventions targeting aberrant DNA methylation in ovarian tumors have shown promise in the clinic, but the effects of epigenetic therapy on the tumor microenvironment are understudied. Here, we examined the effect of adipocytes on OC cell behavior in culture and impact of targeting DNA methylation in adipocytes on OC metastasis. The presence of adipocytes increased OC cell migration and invasion, and proximal and direct coculture of adipocytes increased OC proliferation alone or after treatment with carboplatin. Treatment of adipocytes with hypomethylating agent guadecitabine decreased migration and invasion of OC cells toward adipocytes. Subcellular protein fractionation of adipocytes treated with guadecitabine revealed decreased DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) levels even in the presence of DNA synthesis inhibitor, aphidicolin. Methyl-Capture- and RNA-sequencing analysis of guadecitabine-treated adipocytes revealed derepression of tumor-suppressor genes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition inhibitors. SUSD2, a secreted tumor suppressor downregulated by promoter CpG island methylation in adipocytes, was upregulated after guadecitabine treatment, and recombinant SUSD2 decreased OC cell migration and invasion. Integrated analysis of the methylomic and transcriptomic data identified pathways associated with inhibition of matrix metalloproteases and fatty acid α-oxidation, suggesting a possible mechanism of how epigenetic therapy of adipocytes decreases metastasis. In conclusion, the effect of DNMT inhibitor on fully differentiated adipocytes suggests that hypomethylating agents may affect the tumor microenvironment to decrease cancer cell metastasis.Implications: Epigenetic targeting of tumor microenvironment can affect metastatic behavior of ovarian cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res; 16(8); 1226-40. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tang
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Nicholas Pulliam
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Ali Özeş
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Aaron Buechlein
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Ning Ding
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Harold Keer
- Astex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Pleasanton, California
| | - Doug Rusch
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Heather O'Hagan
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Kenneth P Nephew
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana.
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Xu Y, Miao C, Jin C, Qiu C, Li Y, Sun X, Gao M, Lu N, Kong B. SUSD2 promotes cancer metastasis and confers cisplatin resistance in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Exp Cell Res 2018; 363:160-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Downregulation of endometrial mesenchymal marker SUSD2 causes cell senescence and cell death in endometrial carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183681. [PMID: 28841682 PMCID: PMC5571916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of death among the majority of endometrial cancer patients involves migration of cancer cells within the peritoneal cavity and subsequent implantation of cancer spheroids into neighbouring organs. It is, thereby, important to identify factors that mediate metastasis. Cell adhesion and migration are modified by the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) marker Sushi domain containing 2 (SUSD2), a type I transmembrane protein that participates in the orchestration of cell adhesion and migration through interaction with its partner Galactosidase-binding soluble-1 (LGALS1). MSCs have emerged as attractive targets in cancer therapy. Human endometrial adenocarcinoma (Ishikawa) cells were treated with TGFβ (10 ng/ml) for 72h. SUSD2, LGALS1 and MKI67 transcript levels were quantified using qRT-PCR. The proportion of SUSD2 positive (SUSD2+) cells and SMAD2/3 abundance were quantified by FACS and Western blotting, respectively. Senescent cells were identified with β-galactosidase staining; cell cycle and cell death were quantified using Propidium Iodide staining. Treatment of endometrial cancer cells (Ishikawa cells) with TGFβ (10 ng/ml) significantly decreased SUSD2 transcript levels and the proportion of SUSD2 positive cells. Silencing of SUSD2 using siRNA resulted in senescence and cell death of Ishikawa cells via activation of SMAD2/3. These findings suggest that SUSD2 counteracts senescence and cell death and is thus a potential chemotherapeutic target in human endometrial cancer.
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Salinity alters snakeskin and mesh transcript abundance and permeability in midgut and Malpighian tubules of larval mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 205:58-67. [PMID: 27988380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the distribution and localization of the septate junction (SJ) proteins snakeskin (Ssk) and mesh in osmoregulatory organs of larval mosquito (Aedes aegypti), as well as their response to altered environmental salt levels. Ssk and mesh transcripts and immunoreactivity were detected in tissues of endodermal origin such as the midgut and Malpighian tubules of A. aegypti larvae, but not in ectodermally derived hindgut and anal papillae. Immunolocalization of Ssk and mesh in the midgut and Malpighian tubules indicated that both proteins are concentrated at regions of cell-cell contact between epithelial cells. Transcript abundance of ssk and mesh was higher in the midgut and Malpighian tubules of brackish water (BW, 30% SW) reared A. aegypti larvae when compared with freshwater (FW) reared animals. Therefore, [3H]polyethylene glycol (MW 400Da, PEG-400) flux was examined across isolated midgut and Malpighian tubule preparations as a measure of their paracellular permeability. It was found that PEG-400 flux was greater across the midgut of BW versus FW larvae while the Malpighian tubules of BW-reared larvae had reduced PEG-400 permeability in conjunction with increased Cl- secretion compared to FW animals. Taken together, data suggest that Ssk and mesh are found in smooth SJs (sSJs) of larval A. aegypti and that their abundance alters in association with changes in epithelial permeability when larvae reside in water of differing salt content. This latter observation suggests that Ssk and mesh play a role in the homeostatic control of salt and water balance in larval A. aegypti.
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15
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SUSD2 expression in high-grade serous ovarian cancer correlates with increased patient survival and defective mesothelial clearance. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e264. [PMID: 27775699 PMCID: PMC5117850 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of death among the majority of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients involves passive dissemination of cancer cells within the peritoneal cavity and subsequent implantation of cancer spheroids into adjacent organs. Thus, it is important to identify the factors that mediate EOC metastasis and implantation, including clearance of the mesothelium. Sushi domain containing 2 (SUSD2) encodes a type I transmembrane protein containing several functional domains inherent to adhesion molecules. Immunohistochemical analysis determined the presence of SUSD2 in several subtypes of EOC, with the strongest staining observed in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOCs). A high-density, clinically annotated HGSOC tissue microarray was stained with an anti-SUSD2 antibody. Patients with tumors that had a low percentage of SUSD2 staining cells had a shorter median survival (31.7 months) compared with patients who had tumors with extensive SUSD2 staining (49.1 months; P-value=0.0083). To investigate the role of SUSD2 in HGSOCs, stable OVCAR3, OVSAHO and KURAMOCHI cell lines were established with knockdown (KD) or non-targeting (NT) of SUSD2. Boyden chamber and wound-healing assays demonstrated that OVCAR3, OVSAHO and KURAMOCHI SUSD2-KD cells migrated at significantly higher rates compared with their SUSD2 NT counterpart cell lines. Quantitative reverse transcription–PCR and western immunoblot analysis indicated an inverse relationship between SUSD2 and well-characterized mesenchymal proteins, including Twist-1, Zeb-1, N-cadherin, STEAP1, AHNAK, Snail-1, COL5A2 and Snail-3 in OVCAR3, OVSAHO and KURAMOCHI cell line models. In addition, OVCAR3 and KURAMOCHI SUSD2-KD spheroids displayed increased mesothelial clearance ability compared with cells that express endogenous levels of SUSD2. These data suggest that SUSD2 has a role in the inhibition of mesothelial clearance, which is required for metastasis. Altogether, our findings indicate that SUSD2 impedes migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitional and mesothelial clearance of HGSOC cells, consistent with prolonged survival of patients with SUSD2-expressing tumors.
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16
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Liu XR, Cai CX, Luo LM, Zheng WL, Shi R, Zeng J, Xu YQ, Wei M, Ma WL. Decreased expression of Sushi Domain Containing 2 correlates to progressive features in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:15. [PMID: 26933386 PMCID: PMC4772460 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sushi Domain Containing 2 (SUSD2) has been identified as a regulator of colon and breast cancer. Increasing evidence suggests that SUSD2 plays a key role in tumorigenesis. However, the SUSD2 expression status and its functions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still unrevealed. In the present study, we intended to investigate SUSD2 expression status and its correlation with the clinicopathological features in HCC patients. Furthermore,we examined the influence of SUSD2 on the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of the HCC cell lines HepG2 and SMMC7721. Methods We evaluated the SUSD2 expression in HCC tissues and paired normal liver tissues by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting analysis. The clinicopathological significance of SUSD2 was investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on a HCC tissue microarray. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to determine the optimal cut-off score for positive expression of SUSD2. The correlation between SUSD2 protein expression and clinicopathological features of HCC was analyzed by Chi square test. The cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration potential were observed to detect the functions of SUSD2 in HCC cells. Results Decreased expression of SUSD2 mRNA and protein were observed in the majority of HCC tissues, compared with paired normal liver tissues. When SUSD2 high expression percentage was determined to be above 52.5 % (area under ROC curve = 0.769, P = 0.000), low expression of SUSD2 was observed in 62.2 % (112/180) of HCC tissues and high expression of SUSD2 was observed in all normal liver tissues (16/16) by IHC. Decreased expression of SUSD2 in patients was correlated with high histological grade (χ2 = 5.198, P = 0.023), advanced clinical stage (χ2 = 30.244, P = 0.000), pT status (χ2 = 33.175, P = 0.000), pN status (χ2 = 4.785, P = 0.029), pM status (χ2 = 4.620, P = 0.032). Down-regulation of SUSD2 promoted cell proliferation,invasion and migration,reduced the cell apoptosis. Conclusions Our findings suggest that SUSD2 may play as a tumor suppressor in HCC cells and could be served as an additional potential marker for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Rui Liu
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, No.1838, Baiyun Road North, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui-Xia Cai
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, No.1838, Baiyun Road North, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Min Luo
- Centre for Liver Disease, 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, 510602 China
| | - Wen-Ling Zheng
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, No.1838, Baiyun Road North, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, No.1838, Baiyun Road North, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, No.1838, Baiyun Road North, Guangzhou, China
| | - You-Qin Xu
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, No.1838, Baiyun Road North, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wei
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, No.1838, Baiyun Road North, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Li Ma
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, No.1838, Baiyun Road North, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Cheng Y, Wang X, Wang P, Li T, Hu F, Liu Q, Yang F, Wang J, Xu T, Han W. SUSD2 is frequently downregulated and functions as a tumor suppressor in RCC and lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9919-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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18
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Occluding junctions of invertebrate epithelia. J Comp Physiol B 2015; 186:17-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-015-0937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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19
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Englund E, Reitsma B, King BC, Escudero-Esparza A, Owen S, Orimo A, Okroj M, Anagnostaki L, Jiang WG, Jirström K, Blom AM. The human complement inhibitor Sushi Domain-Containing Protein 4 (SUSD4) expression in tumor cells and infiltrating T cells is associated with better prognosis of breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:737. [PMID: 26480818 PMCID: PMC4615997 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human Sushi Domain-Containing Protein 4 (SUSD4) was recently shown to function as a novel inhibitor of the complement system, but its role in tumor progression is unknown. Methods Using immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR, we investigated SUSD4 expression in breast cancer tissue samples from two cohorts. The effect of SUSD4 expression on cell migration and invasion was studied in vitro using two human breast cancer cell lines overexpressing SUSD4. Results Tissue stainings revealed that both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating cells expressed SUSD4. The highest SUSD4 expression was detected in differentiated tumors with decreased rate of metastasis, and SUSD4 expression was associated with improved survival of the patients. Moreover, forced SUSD4 expression in human breast cancer cells attenuated their migratory and invasive traits in culture. SUSD4 expression also inhibited colony formation of human breast cancer cells cultured on carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Furthermore, large numbers of SUSD4-expressing T cells in the tumor stroma associated with better overall survival of the breast cancer patients. Conclusion Our findings indicate that SUSD4 expression in both breast cancer cells and T cells infiltrating the tumor-associated stroma is useful to predict better prognosis of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Englund
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Inga Maria Nilssons gata 53, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Bart Reitsma
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Inga Maria Nilssons gata 53, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Ben C King
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Inga Maria Nilssons gata 53, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Astrid Escudero-Esparza
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Inga Maria Nilssons gata 53, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Sioned Owen
- Cardiff's China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Marcin Okroj
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Inga Maria Nilssons gata 53, 20502, Malmö, Sweden. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG‑MUG, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80210, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Lola Anagnostaki
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff's China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Inga Maria Nilssons gata 53, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
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Cai C, Shi R, Gao Y, Zeng J, Wei M, Wang H, Zheng W, Ma W. Reduced expression of sushi domain containing 2 is associated with progression of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3619-3624. [PMID: 26788179 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sushi domain containing 2 (SUSD2) has been identified as a gene encoding an 822-amino acid protein, which contains a transmembrane domain and functional domains inherent to adhesion molecules. Previous studies have reported that increased expression of SUSD2 has a critical role in tumorigenesis in human breast cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, SUSD2 expression status and its correlation with the clinicopathological features of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not previously been investigated. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to evaluate SUSD2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in NSCLC and adjacent normal lung tissues. The clinicopathological significance of SUSD2 was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis of an NSCLC tissue microarray. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the cut-off score for positive expression of SUSD2. Furthermore, the correlation between SUSD2 expression and the clinicopathological features of NSCLC was analyzed by χ2 test. The results revealed that SUSD2 mRNA (P<0.0001) and protein (P<0.0001) expression levels were significantly decreased in NSCLC tissues compared with those of adjacent normal tissues. When the SUSD2 positive expression percentage was determined to be >47.5% (area under ROC curve, 0.799; P<0.000), positive expression of SUSD2 was observed in 100% (32/32) of normal lung tissues and 55% (88/160) of NSCLC tissues by immunohistochemistry (χ2=21.160; P<0.000). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the reduced SUSD2 protein levels in cancer tissues were positively correlated with poor histological grade (χ2=41.764; P<0.000), advanced clinical stage (χ2=10.790; P=0.013), higher pT (χ2=9.070; P=0.028) and positive regional lymph node metastasis (χ2=15.399; P=0.002). In conclusion, these data suggest that the reduced expression of SUSD2 is associated with the progression of NSCLC and may have a role in the pathogenesis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixia Cai
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Rong Shi
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Min Wei
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Handuo Wang
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wenling Zheng
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Ma
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Nadjar Y, Triller A, Bessereau JL, Dumoulin A. The Susd2 protein regulates neurite growth and excitatory synaptic density in hippocampal cultures. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 65:82-91. [PMID: 25724483 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement control protein (CCP) domains have adhesion properties and are commonly found in proteins that control the complement immune system. However, an increasing number of proteins containing CCP domains have been reported to display neuronal functions. Susd2 is a transmembrane protein containing one CCP domain. It was previously identified as a tumor-reversing protein, but has no characterized function in the CNS. The present study investigates the expression and function of Susd2 in the rat hippocampus. Characterization of Susd2 during development showed a peak in mRNA expression two weeks after birth. In hippocampal neuronal cultures, the same expression profile was observed at 15days in vitro for both mRNA and protein, a time consistent with synaptogenesis in our model. At the subcellular level, Susd2 was located on the soma, axons and dendrites, and appeared to associate preferentially with excitatory synapses. Inhibition of Susd2 by shRNAs led to decreased numbers of excitatory synaptic profiles, exclusively. Also, morphological parameters were studied on young (5DIV) developing neurons. After Susd2 inhibition, an increase in dendritic tree length but a decrease in axon elongation were observed, suggesting changes in adhesion properties. Our results demonstrate a dual role for Susd2 at different developmental stages, and raise the question whether Susd2 and other CCP-containing proteins expressed in the CNS could be function-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Nadjar
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, IBENS, INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Triller
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, IBENS, INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Andrea Dumoulin
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, IBENS, INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France.
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Murakami K, Lee YH, Lucas ES, Chan YW, Durairaj RP, Takeda S, Moore JD, Tan BK, Quenby S, Chan JKY, Gargett CE, Brosens JJ. Decidualization induces a secretome switch in perivascular niche cells of the human endometrium. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4542-53. [PMID: 25116707 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The endometrial perivascular microenvironment is rich in mesenchymal stem-like cells that express type 1 integral membrane protein Sushi domain containing 2 (SUSD2) but the role of these cells in the decidual transformation of this tissue in pregnancy is unknown. We used an antibody directed against SUSD2 (W5C5) to isolate perivascular (W5C5(+)) and nonperivascular (W5C5(-)) fibroblasts from mid-luteal biopsies. We show that SUSD2 expression, and hence the ratio of W5C5(+):W5C5(-) cells, changes in culture depending on cell-cell contact and activation of the Notch signaling pathway. RNA sequencing revealed that cultures derived from W5C5(+) progenitor cells remain phenotypically distinct by the enrichment of novel and established endometrial perivascular signature genes. In an undifferentiated state, W5C5(+)-derived cells produced lower levels of various chemokines and inflammatory modulators when compared with their W5C5(-) counterparts. This divergence in secretomes was switched and became more pronounced upon decidualization, which transformed perivascular W5C5(+) cells into the dominant source of a range of chemokines and cytokines, including leukemia inhibitory factor and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7. Our findings suggest that the decidual response is spatially organized at the embryo-maternal interface with differentiating perivascular cells establishing distinct cytokine and chemokine profiles that could potentially direct trophoblast toward maternal vessels and govern local immune responses in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Murakami
- Division of Reproductive Health, Clinical Science Research Laboratories (K.M., E.S.L., R.P.D., B.K.T., S.Q., J.J.B.), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.M., S.T.), Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Interdisciplinary Research Groups of BioSystems and Micromechanics, and Infectious Diseases (Y.H.L.), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602; Warwick Systems Biology Centre (Y.-W.C., J.D.M.), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Department of Reproductive Medicine (J.K.Y.C.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899; Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program (J.K.Y.C.), Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857; and The Ritchie Centre (C.E.G.), Monash Institute of Medical Research-Prince Henry's Institute, Institute of Medical Research and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, 3168, Australia
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CSBF/C10orf99, a novel potential cytokine, inhibits colon cancer cell growth through inducing G1 arrest. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6812. [PMID: 25351403 PMCID: PMC4212244 DOI: 10.1038/srep06812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble proteins that exert their functions by binding specific receptors. Many cytokines play essential roles in carcinogenesis and have been developed for the treatment of cancer. In this study, we identified a novel potential cytokine using immunogenomics designated colon-derived SUSD2 binding factor (CSBF), also known as chromosome 10 open reading frame 99 (C10orf99). CSBF/C10orf99 is a classical secreted protein with predicted molecular mass of 6.5 kDa, and a functional ligand of Sushi Domain Containing 2 (SUSD2). CSBF/C10orf99 has the highest expression level in colon tissue. Both CSBF/C10orf99 and SUSD2 are down-regulated in colon cancer tissues and cell lines with different regulation mechanisms. CSBF/C10orf99 interacts with SUSD2 to inhibit colon cancer cell growth and induce G1 cell cycle arrest by down-regulating cyclin D and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). CSBF/C10orf99 displays a bell-shaped activity curve with the optimal effect at ~10 ng/ml. Its growth inhibitory effects can be blocked by sSUSD2-Fc soluble protein. Our results suggest that CSBF/C10orf99 is a novel potential cytokine with tumor suppressor functions.
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Lee S, Rahnenführer J, Lang M, De Preter K, Mestdagh P, Koster J, Versteeg R, Stallings RL, Varesio L, Asgharzadeh S, Schulte JH, Fielitz K, Schwermer M, Morik K, Schramm A. Robust selection of cancer survival signatures from high-throughput genomic data using two-fold subsampling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108818. [PMID: 25295525 PMCID: PMC4190101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying relevant signatures for clinical patient outcome is a fundamental task in high-throughput studies. Signatures, composed of features such as mRNAs, miRNAs, SNPs or other molecular variables, are often non-overlapping, even though they have been identified from similar experiments considering samples with the same type of disease. The lack of a consensus is mostly due to the fact that sample sizes are far smaller than the numbers of candidate features to be considered, and therefore signature selection suffers from large variation. We propose a robust signature selection method that enhances the selection stability of penalized regression algorithms for predicting survival risk. Our method is based on an aggregation of multiple, possibly unstable, signatures obtained with the preconditioned lasso algorithm applied to random (internal) subsamples of a given cohort data, where the aggregated signature is shrunken by a simple thresholding strategy. The resulting method, RS-PL, is conceptually simple and easy to apply, relying on parameters automatically tuned by cross validation. Robust signature selection using RS-PL operates within an (external) subsampling framework to estimate the selection probabilities of features in multiple trials of RS-PL. These probabilities are used for identifying reliable features to be included in a signature. Our method was evaluated on microarray data sets from neuroblastoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer patients, extracting robust and relevant signatures for predicting survival risk. Signatures obtained by our method achieved high prediction performance and robustness, consistently over the three data sets. Genes with high selection probability in our robust signatures have been reported as cancer-relevant. The ordering of predictor coefficients associated with signatures was well-preserved across multiple trials of RS-PL, demonstrating the capability of our method for identifying a transferable consensus signature. The software is available as an R package rsig at CRAN (http://cran.r-project.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyun Lee
- Department of Computer Sciences, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Michel Lang
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Mestdagh
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Luigi Varesio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Shahab Asgharzadeh
- Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Johannes H. Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Translational Neuro-Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Fielitz
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Melanie Schwermer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Morik
- Department of Computer Sciences, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Izumi Y, Furuse M. Molecular organization and function of invertebrate occluding junctions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 36:186-93. [PMID: 25239398 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Septate junctions (SJs) are specialized intercellular junctions that function as permeability barriers to restrict the free diffusion of solutes through the paracellular routes in invertebrate epithelia. SJs are subdivided into several morphological types that vary among different animal phyla. In several phyla, different types of SJ have been described in different epithelia within an individual. Arthropods have two types of SJs: pleated SJs (pSJs) and smooth SJs (sSJs), found in ectodermally and endodermally derived epithelia, respectively. Several lines of Drosophila research have identified and characterized a large number of pSJ-associated proteins. Two sSJ-specific proteins have been recently reported. Molecular dissection of SJs in Drosophila and animals in other phyla will lead to a better understanding of the functional differences among SJ types and of evolutionary aspects of these permeability barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Izumi
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Division of Cerebral Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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26
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Deng M, Wei L, Zuo X, Tian Y, Xie F, Hu P, Zhu C, Yu F, Meng Y, Wang H, Zhang F, Ma H, Ye R, Cheng H, Du J, Dong W, Zhou S, Wang C, Wang Y, Wang J, Chen X, Sun Z, Zhou N, Jiang Y, Liu X, Li X, Zhang N, Liu N, Guan Y, Han Y, Han Y, Lv X, Fu Y, Yu H, Xi C, Xie D, Zhao Q, Xie P, Wang X, Zhang Z, Shen L, Cui Y, Yin X, Cheng H, Liang B, Zheng X, Lee TMC, Chen G, Zhou F, Veldink JH, Robberecht W, Landers JE, Andersen PM, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw C, Liu C, Tang B, Xiao S, Robertson J, Zhang F, van den Berg LH, Sun L, Liu J, Yang S, Ju X, Wang K, Zhang X. Genome-wide association analyses in Han Chinese identify two new susceptibility loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Genet 2013; 45:697-700. [PMID: 23624525 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To identify susceptibility genes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 506 individuals with sporadic ALS and 1,859 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. Ninety top SNPs suggested by the current GWAS and 6 SNPs identified by previous GWAS were analyzed in an independent cohort of 706 individuals with ALS and 1,777 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. We discovered two new susceptibility loci for ALS at 1q32 (CAMK1G, rs6703183, Pcombined = 2.92 × 10(-8), odds ratio (OR) = 1.31) and 22p11 (CABIN1 and SUSD2, rs8141797, Pcombined = 2.35 × 10(-9), OR = 1.52). These two loci explain 12.48% of the overall variance in disease risk in the Han Chinese population. We found no association evidence for the previously reported loci in the Han Chinese population, suggesting genetic heterogeneity of disease susceptibility for ALS between ancestry groups. Our study identifies two new susceptibility loci and suggests new pathogenic mechanisms of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Deng
- Medical Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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27
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Sivasubramaniyan K, Harichandan A, Schumann S, Sobiesiak M, Lengerke C, Maurer A, Kalbacher H, Bühring HJ. Prospective isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow using novel antibodies directed against Sushi domain containing 2. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1944-54. [PMID: 23406305 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strategies have been developed to facilitate the prospective isolation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) based on the selective expression or absence of surface markers. Recently, we described the monoclonal antibodies W3D5 and W5C5, which selectively react with BM-MSCs, but not with hematopoietic cells. Both antibodies showed an identical reactivity pattern, indicating that they may recognize the same molecule. To identify the cognate antigen, cultured MSCs were sorted for cells expressing either very high levels of W5C5/W3D5 antigen or for cells which were negative for this antigen. Further processing of these cells for microarray analysis revealed a 20-fold enrichment of the type 1 integral membrane protein Sushi domain containing 2 (SUSD2) in the in W5C5(+) subset. To confirm the identity of the W5C5/W3D5 antigen to SUSD2, HEK293 cells were transfected with the full-length coding sequence of human SUSD2 followed by reactivity analysis of W5C5 and W3D5 antibodies with the transfected line. Flow cytometric analysis showed that both antibodies selectively recognized HEK293/huSUSD2 cells, but not the parental cell line. In line with this, SUSD2 siRNA treatment of SUSD2(+) WERI-RB-1 retinoblastoma cells reduced the expression levels of W3D5 and W5C5 antigens to ~39% and 37%, respectively. Finally, FACSorting and colony assays revealed that only SUSD2(+), but not SUSD2(-) BM cells give rise to colony-forming units-fibroblasts and are able to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. In conclusion, we identified SUSD2 as a novel and specific marker for the prospective isolation of BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Sivasubramaniyan
- Division of Hematology, Immunology, Oncology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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28
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Watson AP, Evans RL, Egland KA. Multiple functions of sushi domain containing 2 (SUSD2) in breast tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 11:74-85. [PMID: 23131994 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0501-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Routinely used therapies are not adequate to treat the heterogeneity of breast cancer, and consequently, more therapeutic targets are desperately needed. To identify novel targets, we generated a breast cancer cDNA library enriched for genes that encode membrane and secreted proteins. From this library we identified SUSD2 (Sushi Domain Containing 2), which encodes an 822-amino acid protein containing a transmembrane domain and functional domains inherent to adhesion molecules. Previous studies describe the mouse homolog, Susd2, but there are no studies on the human gene associated with breast cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of human breast tissues showed weak or no expression of SUSD2 in normal epithelial cells, with the endothelial lining of vessels staining positive for SUSD2. However, staining was observed in pathologic breast lesions and in lobular and ductal carcinomas. SUSD2 interacts with galectin-1 (Gal-1), a 14-kDa secreted protein that is synthesized by carcinoma cells and promotes tumor immune evasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Interestingly, we found that localization of Gal-1 on the surface of cells is dependent on the presence of SUSD2. Various phenotype assays indicate that SUSD2 increases the invasion of breast cancer cells and contributes to a potential immune evasion mechanism through induction of apoptosis of Jurkat T cells. Using a syngeneic mouse model, we observed accelerated tumor formation and decreased survival in mice with tumors expressing Susd2. We found significantly fewer CD4 tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in mice with tumors expressing Susd2. Together, our findings provide evidence that SUSD2 may represent a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison P Watson
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, 2301 East 60th Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104.
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29
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Dumont B, Castronovo V, Peulen O, Blétard N, Clézardin P, Delvenne P, De Pauw EA, Turtoi A, Bellahcène A. Differential proteomic analysis of a human breast tumor and its matched bone metastasis identifies cell membrane and extracellular proteins associated with bone metastasis. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:2247-60. [PMID: 22356681 DOI: 10.1021/pr201022n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The classical fate of metastasizing breast cancer cells is to seed and form secondary colonies in bones. The molecules closely associated with these processes are predominantly present at the cell surface and in the extracellular space, establishing the first contacts with the target tissue. In this study, we had the rare opportunity to analyze a bone metastatic lesion and its corresponding breast primary tumor obtained simultaneously from the same patient. Using mass spectrometry, we undertook a proteomic study on cell surface and extracellular protein-enriched material. We provide a repertoire of significantly modulated proteins, some with yet unknown roles in the bone metastatic process as well as proteins notably involved in cancer cell invasiveness and in bone metabolism. The comparison of these clinical data with those previously obtained using a human osteotropic breast cancer cell line highlighted an overlapping group of proteins. Certain differentially expressed proteins are validated in the present study using immunohistochemistry on a retrospective collection of breast tumors and matched bone metastases. Our exclusive set of selected proteins supports the setup of further investigations on both clinical samples and experimental bone metastasis models that will help to reveal the finely coordinated expression of proteins that favor the development of metastases in the bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Dumont
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Liège, Bat. B23, CHU Sart Tilman Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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30
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Izumi Y, Yanagihashi Y, Furuse M. A novel protein complex, mesh-ssk, is required for septate junction formation in drosophila midgut. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:4923-33. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.112243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Septate junctions (SJs) are specialized intercellular junctions that restrict the free diffusion of solutes through the paracellular route in invertebrate epithelia. In arthropods, two morphologically different types of SJs have been reported: pleated SJs and smooth SJs (sSJs), which are found in ectodermally and endodermally derived epithelia, respectively. However, the molecular and functional differences between these SJ types have not been elucidated. Here we report that a novel sSJ-specific component, a single-pass transmembrane protein, termed ‘Mesh’ is highly concentrated in Drosophila sSJs. Compromised mesh expression causes defects in the organization of sSJs, in the localizations of other sSJ proteins, and in the barrier function of the midgut. Ectopic expression of Mesh in cultured cells induces cell-cell adhesion. Mesh forms a complex with Ssk, another sSJ-specific protein, and these proteins are mutually interdependent for their localization. Thus, a novel protein complex comprising Mesh and Ssk plays a significant role in sSJ formation and in intestinal barrier function in Drosophila.
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31
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Solute carrier protein family may involve in radiation-induced radioresistance of non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137:1739-47. [PMID: 21909646 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To find new signaling pathways that may be involved in the cellular response to ionizing radiation. METHODS Two radioresistant subclones (A549/R and SPCA1/R) derived from lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and SPCA1 were established after eight rounds of sublethal irradiation. The new subclones were tested for radioresistant features using clonogenic assay and apoptosis analysis. The genes expressed differentially were screened with cDNA microarray analysis consisting of 48,000 transcript probes and confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Stable and significant radioresistance was observed in the screened subclones. The microarray analysis showed 65 genes were up-regulated and 141 genes down-regulated in SPCA1/R cells. The up-regulated and down-regulated genes were 708 and 230 in A549/R cells, respectively. Twenty-seven altered genes were consistent in both subclones. Interestingly, members the of human solute carrier (SLC) gene superfamily were among in 27 genes. CONCLUSIONS The differentially expressed genes in both cell lines may contribute to their radioresistant phenotype. This extensive list of genes identified in the experiment provides a large body of potentially valuable information for studying the molecular mechanism(s) of radiosensitivity and identification of candidate molecular markers of radiation sensitivity. Thus, to our knowledge, the SLC gene superfamily is the first being reported to involve in acquired radioresistance.
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32
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Pio R, Blanco D, Pajares MJ, Aibar E, Durany O, Ezponda T, Agorreta J, Gomez-Roman J, Anton MA, Rubio A, Lozano MD, López-Picazo JM, Subirada F, Maes T, Montuenga LM. Development of a novel splice array platform and its application in the identification of alternative splice variants in lung cancer. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:352. [PMID: 20525254 PMCID: PMC2889901 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microarrays strategies, which allow for the characterization of thousands of alternative splice forms in a single test, can be applied to identify differential alternative splicing events. In this study, a novel splice array approach was developed, including the design of a high-density oligonucleotide array, a labeling procedure, and an algorithm to identify splice events. Results The array consisted of exon probes and thermodynamically balanced junction probes. Suboptimal probes were tagged and considered in the final analysis. An unbiased labeling protocol was developed using random primers. The algorithm used to distinguish changes in expression from changes in splicing was calibrated using internal non-spliced control sequences. The performance of this splice array was validated with artificial constructs for CDC6, VEGF, and PCBP4 isoforms. The platform was then applied to the analysis of differential splice forms in lung cancer samples compared to matched normal lung tissue. Overexpression of splice isoforms was identified for genes encoding CEACAM1, FHL-1, MLPH, and SUSD2. None of these splicing isoforms had been previously associated with lung cancer. Conclusions This methodology enables the detection of alternative splicing events in complex biological samples, providing a powerful tool to identify novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cancer and other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Pio
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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Sugahara T, Yamashita Y, Shinomi M, Isobe Y, Yamanoha B, Iseki H, Takeda A, Okazaki Y, Kawai K, Suemizu H, Andoh T. von Willebrand factor type D domain mutant of SVS-1/SUSD2, vWD(m), induces apoptosis in HeLa cells. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:909-15. [PMID: 17428257 PMCID: PMC11159106 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
SVS-1/SUSD2 is a novel gene, which inhibits growth and reverses tumorigenic phenotypes of cancer cells in vitro. Here we report identification of a mutant of SVS-1, designated SVS-1-vWD(m), in which conserved amino acids GLLG at positions 591-594 in von Willebrand factor type D (vWD) domain are replaced by AAAA. As observed by laser confocal microscope, intracellular localization of the mutant protein has changed such that both the N-terminus and the C-terminus of SVS-1-vWD(m) were localized in the inner surface of the plasma membrane, whereas the N-terminus of SVS-1 was localized in the outer surface of the plasma membrane. Additionally, SVS-1-vWD(m) was processed much less efficiently and in a slightly different manner. In in vitro studies, adenovirus-mediated transduction of the SVS-1-vWD(m)gene induced growth suppression of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner, as the wild-type gene and inhibition of anchorage-independent growth. Of great interest is the finding that the mutant protein, vWD(m), but not the wild-type one induced apoptosis, as observed by nuclear as well as DNA fragmentation. Activation of caspase-3 and -9, but not caspase-8 or -12, was also demonstrated in vWD(m)-expressing cells. An inhibition of Akt phosphorylation, a major survival signaling component, also occurred in vWD(m)-expressing HeLa cells. Together these data suggest that vWD(m) induces apoptosis by inactivation of survival signaling component Akt and activation of caspase cascade (mitochondrial pathway) in HeLa cells. We propose SVS-1-vWD(m)as an alternative gene for use in developing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer.
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