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Egorova KS, Kibardin AV, Posvyatenko AV, Ananikov VP. Mechanisms of Biological Effects of Ionic Liquids: From Single Cells to Multicellular Organisms. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4679-4733. [PMID: 38621413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The review presents a detailed discussion of the evolving field studying interactions between ionic liquids (ILs) and biological systems. Originating from molten salt electrolytes to present multiapplication substances, ILs have found usage across various fields due to their exceptional physicochemical properties, including excellent tunability. However, their interactions with biological systems and potential influence on living organisms remain largely unexplored. This review examines the cytotoxic effects of ILs on cell cultures, biomolecules, and vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. Our understanding of IL toxicity, while growing in recent years, is yet nascent. The established findings include correlations between harmful effects of ILs and their ability to disturb cellular membranes, their potential to trigger oxidative stress in cells, and their ability to cause cell death via apoptosis. Future research directions proposed in the review include studying the distribution of various ILs within cellular compartments and organelles, investigating metabolic transformations of ILs in cells and organisms, detailed analysis of IL effects on proteins involved in oxidative stress and apoptosis, correlation studies between IL doses, exposure times and resulting adverse effects, and examination of effects of subtoxic concentrations of ILs on various biological objects. This review aims to serve as a critical analysis of the current body of knowledge on IL-related toxicity mechanisms. Furthermore, it can guide researchers toward the design of less toxic ILs and the informed use of ILs in drug development and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S Egorova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey V Kibardin
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Posvyatenko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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2
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Bae T, Hallis SP, Kwak MK. Hypoxia, oxidative stress, and the interplay of HIFs and NRF2 signaling in cancer. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:501-514. [PMID: 38424190 PMCID: PMC10985007 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is crucial for life and acts as the final electron acceptor in mitochondrial energy production. Cells adapt to varying oxygen levels through intricate response systems. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), including HIF-1α and HIF-2α, orchestrate the cellular hypoxic response, activating genes to increase the oxygen supply and reduce expenditure. Under conditions of excess oxygen and resulting oxidative stress, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activates hundreds of genes for oxidant removal and adaptive cell survival. Hypoxia and oxidative stress are core hallmarks of solid tumors and activated HIFs and NRF2 play pivotal roles in tumor growth and progression. The complex interplay between hypoxia and oxidative stress within the tumor microenvironment adds another layer of intricacy to the HIF and NRF2 signaling systems. This review aimed to elucidate the dynamic changes and functions of the HIF and NRF2 signaling pathways in response to conditions of hypoxia and oxidative stress, emphasizing their implications within the tumor milieu. Additionally, this review explored the elaborate interplay between HIFs and NRF2, providing insights into the significance of these interactions for the development of novel cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegeun Bae
- Integrated Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi‑do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Steffanus Pranoto Hallis
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi‑do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kwak
- Integrated Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi‑do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi‑do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi‑do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Cao J, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Luo M, Li L, Li B, Nice EC, He W, Zheng S, Huang C. Oncofetal reprogramming in tumor development and progression: novel insights into cancer therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e427. [PMID: 38045829 PMCID: PMC10693315 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that cancer cells can mimic characteristics of embryonic development, promoting their development and progression. Cancer cells share features with embryonic development, characterized by robust proliferation and differentiation regulated by signaling pathways such as Wnt, Notch, hedgehog, and Hippo signaling. In certain phase, these cells also mimic embryonic diapause and fertilized egg implantation to evade treatments or immune elimination and promote metastasis. Additionally, the upregulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, including multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and breast cancer-resistant protein (BCRP), in drug-resistant cancer cells, analogous to their role in placental development, may facilitate chemotherapy efflux, further resulting in treatment resistance. In this review, we concentrate on the underlying mechanisms that contribute to tumor development and progression from the perspective of embryonic development, encompassing the dysregulation of developmental signaling pathways, the emergence of dormant cancer cells, immune microenvironment remodeling, and the hyperactivation of ABC transporters. Furthermore, we synthesize and emphasize the connections between cancer hallmarks and embryonic development, offering novel insights for the development of innovative cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjun Cao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseasethe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious Diseasesthe Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Maochao Luo
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of anorectal surgeryHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Bowen Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryInstitute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Hainan Cancer Medical Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, the Hainan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major DiseasesHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of EducationHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Canhua Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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4
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Pan Y, Liu L, Mou X, Cai Y. Nanomedicine Strategies in Conquering and Utilizing the Cancer Hypoxia Environment. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20875-20924. [PMID: 37871328 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer with a complex pathological process is a major disease to human welfare. Due to the imbalance between oxygen (O2) supply and consumption, hypoxia is a natural characteristic of most solid tumors and an important obstacle for cancer therapy, which is closely related to tumor proliferation, metastasis, and invasion. Various strategies to exploit the feature of tumor hypoxia have been developed in the past decade, which can be used to alleviate tumor hypoxia, or utilize the hypoxia for targeted delivery and diagnostic imaging. The strategies to alleviate tumor hypoxia include delivering O2, in situ O2 generation, reprogramming the tumor vascular system, decreasing O2 consumption, and inhibiting HIF-1 related pathways. On the other side, hypoxia can also be utilized for hypoxia-responsive chemical construction and hypoxia-active prodrug-based strategies. Taking advantage of hypoxia in the tumor region, a number of methods have been applied to identify and keep track of changes in tumor hypoxia. Herein, we thoroughly review the recent progress of nanomedicine strategies in both conquering and utilizing hypoxia to combat cancer and put forward the prospect of emerging nanomaterials for future clinical transformation, which hopes to provide perspectives in nanomaterials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Longcai Liu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiaozhou Mou
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
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Cotino-Nájera S, Herrera LA, Domínguez-Gómez G, Díaz-Chávez J. Molecular mechanisms of resveratrol as chemo and radiosensitizer in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1287505. [PMID: 38026933 PMCID: PMC10667487 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1287505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the primary diseases that cause death worldwide is cancer. Cancer cells can be intrinsically resistant or acquire resistance to therapies and drugs used for cancer treatment through multiple mechanisms of action that favor cell survival and proliferation, becoming one of the leading causes of treatment failure against cancer. A promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance and radioresistance is the co-administration of anticancer agents and natural compounds with anticancer properties, such as the polyphenolic compound resveratrol (RSV). RSV has been reported to be able to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy, promoting cancer cell death. This review describes the reported molecular mechanisms by which RSV sensitizes tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cotino-Nájera
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Herrera
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud-Tecnológico de Monterrey, México City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Domínguez-Gómez
- Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCAN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Díaz-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Ozcan G. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in stemness and resistance to chemotherapy in gastric cancer: Future directions for therapeutic targeting. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1082057. [PMID: 36846589 PMCID: PMC9945545 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1082057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a crucial mediator of intra-tumoral heterogeneity, tumor progression, and unresponsiveness to therapy in tumors with hypoxia. Gastric tumors, one of the most aggressive tumors in the clinic, are highly enriched in hypoxic niches, and the degree of hypoxia is strongly correlated with poor survival in gastric cancer patients. Stemness and chemoresistance in gastric cancer are the two root causes of poor patient outcomes. Based on the pivotal role of HIF-1α in stemness and chemoresistance in gastric cancer, the interest in identifying critical molecular targets and strategies for surpassing the action of HIF-1α is expanding. Despite that, the understanding of HIF-1α induced signaling in gastric cancer is far from complete, and the development of efficacious HIF-1α inhibitors bears various challenges. Hence, here we review the molecular mechanisms by which HIF-1α signaling stimulates stemness and chemoresistance in gastric cancer, with the clinical efforts and challenges to translate anti-HIF-1α strategies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnihal Ozcan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkiye,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye,*Correspondence: Gulnihal Ozcan,
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Xiang Y, Fan D, An Q, Zhang T, Wu X, Ding J, Xu X, Yue G, Tang S, Du Q, Xu J, Xie R. Effects of Ion-Transporting Proteins on the Digestive System Under Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2022; 13:870243. [PMID: 36187789 PMCID: PMC9515906 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.870243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia refers to a state of oxygen limitation, which mainly mediates pathological processes in the human body and participates in the regulation of normal physiological processes. In the hypoxic environment, the main regulator of human body homeostasis is the hypoxia-inducible factor family (HIF). HIF can regulate the expression of many hypoxia-induced genes and then participate in various physiological and pathological processes of the human body. Ion-transporting proteins are extremely important types of proteins. Ion-transporting proteins are distributed on cell membranes or organelles and strictly control the inflow or outflow of ions in cells or organelles. Changes in ions in cells are often closely related to extensive physiological and pathological processes in the human body. Numerous studies have confirmed that hypoxia and its regulatory factors can regulate the transcription and expression of ion-transporting protein-related genes. Under hypoxic stress, the regulation and interaction of ion-transporting proteins by hypoxia often leads to diseases of various human systems and even tumors. Using ion-transporting proteins and hypoxia as targets to explore the mechanism of digestive system diseases and targeted therapy is expected to become a new breakthrough point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Dongdong Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Qimin An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Xianli Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianhong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Gengyu Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Siqi Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Xu, ; Rui Xie,
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Xu, ; Rui Xie,
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Yong L, Tang S, Yu H, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wan Y, Cai F. The role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha in multidrug-resistant breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:964934. [PMID: 36003773 PMCID: PMC9393754 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.964934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide with increasing incidence. Significant therapeutics advances in the field of breast cancer have resulted in a growing number of treatment options, whereas de novo or acquired resistance is still a persistent clinical challenge. Drug resistance involves a variety of mechanisms, and hypoxia is one of the many causes. Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 Alpha (HIF-1α) is a key transcription factor which can regulate the response of cells to hypoxia. HIF-1α can trigger anaerobic glycolysis of tumor cells, induce angiogenesis, promote the proliferation, invasion, and migration of tumor cells, and lead to multidrug resistance. This review mainly discusses the role of HIF-1α in the drug-resistant breast cancer and highlighted the potential of HIF-1α -targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Yong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixin Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University—SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Fengfeng Cai, ; Yuan Wan,
| | - Fengfeng Cai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Fengfeng Cai, ; Yuan Wan,
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Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation became functional under aglycemic hypoxia conditions in A549 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8219-8228. [PMID: 35834035 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07400-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal cells produce energy (ATP) through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of oxygen. However, many of the cancer cells produce energy with accelerated glycolysis and perform lactic acid production even under normoxic conditions called "The Warburg Effect". In this study, human lung carcinoma cells (A549) were incubated in either a normoxic or hypoxic environment containing 5 mM glucose (Glc 5), 25 mM glucose (Glc 25), or 10 mM galactose (OXPHOS/aglycemic), and then the bioenergetic pathway was anaylsed. METHODS AND RESULTS HIF-1α stabilization of A549 cells with different metabolic conditions in normoxia and hypoxia (1% O2) was determined using the western blot method. After that, L-lactic acid analysis, p-PDH/PDH expression ratio, ATP analysis, and citrate synthase activity experiments were also performed. It was determined that HIF-1α stabilization reached the maximum level at the 4 h. It has been found that glycolytic cells produce approximately five times more lactate than OXPHOS cells under both normoxia and hypoxia conditions and also have a higher p-PDH/PDH ratio. It has been determined that citrate synthase activity in hypoxia of all metabolic conditions is lower than normoxia. It has been determined that Glc 5 and Glc 25 cells have more ATP production under normoxia than Glc 5 and Glc 25 cells in hypoxia. OXPHOS cells have showed more ATP production in hypoxia. CONCLUSION It has been determined that oxidative phosphorylation became functional in a hypoxic aglycemic environment despite the metabolic programming regulated by HIF-1α. This data is important in determining targets for therapeutic intervention.
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2-Hydroxyestradiol Overcomes Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Mediated Platinum Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer Cells in an ERK-Independent Fashion. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030804. [PMID: 35164068 PMCID: PMC8839885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common type of gynecological malignancy. Platinum (Pt)-based chemotherapy is the standard of care for OC, but toxicity and acquired chemoresistance has proven challenging. Recently, we reported that sensitivity to platinum was significantly reduced in a co-culture of OC cells with MSC. To discover compounds capable of restoring platinum sensitivity, we screened a number of candidates and monitored ability to induce PARP cleavage. Moreover, we monitored platinum uptake and expression of ABC transporters in OC cells. Our results showed that 2-hydroxyestradiol (2HE2), a metabolite of estradiol, and dasatinib, an Abl/Src kinase inhibitor, were significantly effective in overcoming MSC-mediated platinum drug resistance. Dasatinib activity was dependent on ERK1/2 activation, whereas 2HE2 was independent of the activation of ERK1/2. MSC-mediated platinum drug resistance was accompanied by reduced intracellular platinum concentrations in OC cells. Moreover, MSC co-cultured with OC cells resulted in downregulation of the expression of cellular transporters required for platinum uptake and efflux. Exposure to 2HE2 and other modulators resulted in an increase in intracellular platinum concentrations. Thus, 2HE2 and dasatinib might act as sensitizers to restore platinum drug sensitivity to OC cells and thus to limit TME-mediated chemoresistance in OC.
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Yang Y, Meng WJ, Wang ZQ. Cancer Stem Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:803974. [PMID: 35047411 PMCID: PMC8761735 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.803974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) might be responsible for tumor initiation, relapse, metastasis and treatment resistance of GC. The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises tumor cells, immune cells, stromal cells and other extracellular components, which plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and therapy resistance. The properties of CSCs are regulated by cells and extracellular matrix components of the TME in some unique manners. This review will summarize current literature regarding the effects of CSCs and TME on the progression and therapy resistance of GC, while emphasizing the potential for developing successful anti-tumor therapy based on targeting the TME and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen-Jian Meng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Yue Y, Lin X, Qiu X, Yang L, Wang R. The Molecular Roles and Clinical Implications of Non-Coding RNAs in Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:802745. [PMID: 34966746 PMCID: PMC8711095 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.802745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. It is also the fifth most common cancer in China. In recent years, a large number of studies have proved that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can regulate cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. NcRNAs also influence the therapeutic resistance of gastric cancer. NcRNAs mainly consist of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs. In this paper, we summarized ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer, and also reviewed their role in clinical trials and diagnosis. We sum up different ncRNAs and related moleculars and signaling pathway in gastric cancer, like Bcl-2, PTEN, Wnt signaling. In addition, the potential clinical application of ncRNAs in overcoming chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance in GC in the future were also focused on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Yue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinrong Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Cao L, Zhu Y, Wang W, Wang G, Zhang S, Cheng H. Emerging Nano-Based Strategies Against Drug Resistance in Tumor Chemotherapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:798882. [PMID: 34950650 PMCID: PMC8688801 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.798882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is the most significant causes of cancer chemotherapy failure. Various mechanisms of drug resistance include tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, changes at cellular levels, genetic factors, and other mechanisms. In recent years, more attention has been paid to tumor resistance mechanisms and countermeasures. Nanomedicine is an emerging treatment platform, focusing on alternative drug delivery and improved therapeutic effectiveness while reducing side effects on normal tissues. Here, we reviewed the principal forms of drug resistance and the new possibilities that nanomaterials offer for overcoming these therapeutic barriers. Novel nanomaterials based on tumor types are an excellent modality to equalize drug resistance that enables gain more rational and flexible drug selectivity for individual patient treatment. With the emergence of advanced designs and alternative drug delivery strategies with different nanomaterials, overcome of multidrug resistance shows promising and opens new horizons for cancer therapy. This review discussed different mechanisms of drug resistance and recent advances in nanotechnology-based therapeutic strategies to improve the sensitivity and effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs, aiming to show the advantages of nanomaterials in overcoming of drug resistance for tumor chemotherapy, which could accelerate the development of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weiju Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qingyuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Gaoxiong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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14
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He X, Ding J, Cheng X, Xiong M. Hypoxia-Related Gene-Based Signature Can Evaluate the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Predict the Prognosis of Colon Adenocarcinoma Patients. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9853-9862. [PMID: 34938106 PMCID: PMC8687688 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s343216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a common gastrointestinal tumor and often occurs in the left colon with a poor prognosis. The progression of COAD is closely related to the tumor microenvironment, especially the hypoxia. Currently, few studies have reported the correlation between hypoxia-related genes and the prognosis of COAD patients. Furthermore, we constructed a prognostic model using four hypoxia-related genes to predict the prognosis of COAD patients. Methods The mRNA expression profiles and corresponding clinicopathological data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The string online analysis tool was used to construct a protein–protein interaction network (PPI) of hypoxia-related genes. Kaplan–Meier curve was used to analyze the relationship of hypoxia risk score and the overall survival of COAD patients, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the reliability. Results We screened out four hypoxia genes, including TKTL1 (transketolase like 1), SLC2A3 (solute carrier family 2 member 3), ALDOB (aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate B) and ENO3 (enolase 3), which were used to construct a hypoxia risk model to predict the overall survival of COAD patients. Besides, we also found that the hypoxia risk score was correlated with the immunosuppression of tumor microenvironment. Conclusion The model we constructed with four survival-related hypoxia genes, including TKTL1, SLC2A3, ALDOB and ENO3, could be used to predict the overall survival of COAD patients with high stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo He
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Ding
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Ningbo Diagnostic Pathology Center Department of Pathology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maoming Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Maoming Xiong Email
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15
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Targeting Drug Chemo-Resistance in Cancer Using Natural Products. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101353. [PMID: 34680470 PMCID: PMC8533186 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. The development of drug resistance is the main contributor to cancer-related mortality. Cancer cells exploit multiple mechanisms to reduce the therapeutic effects of anticancer drugs, thereby causing chemotherapy failure. Natural products are accessible, inexpensive, and less toxic sources of chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, they have multiple mechanisms of action to inhibit various targets involved in the development of drug resistance. In this review, we have summarized the basic research and clinical applications of natural products as possible inhibitors for drug resistance in cancer. The molecular targets and the mechanisms of action of each natural product are also explained. Diverse drug resistance biomarkers were sensitive to natural products. P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein can be targeted by a large number of natural products. On the other hand, protein kinase C and topoisomerases were less sensitive to most of the studied natural products. The studies discussed in this review will provide a solid ground for scientists to explore the possible use of natural products in combination anticancer therapies to overcome drug resistance by targeting multiple drug resistance mechanisms.
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16
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Wang M, Liu H, Zhang X, Zhao W, Lin X, Zhang F, Li D, Xu C, Xie F, Wu Z, Yang Q, Li X. Lack of MOF Decreases Susceptibility to Hypoxia and Promotes Multidrug Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via HIF-1α. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718707. [PMID: 34540836 PMCID: PMC8440882 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) promotes oncogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma and is functionally linked to cell proliferation, chemoresistance, metastasis and angiogenesis. It has been confirmed that the low expression level of Males absent on the first (MOF) in hepatocellular carcinoma leads to poor prognosis of patients. However, potential regulatory mechanisms of MOF in response to hypoxia remain elusive. Our results demonstrate that MOF expression is negatively associated with HIF-1α expression in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and in response to chloride-mimicked hypoxia in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. MOF regulates HIF-1α mRNA expression and also directly binds to HIF-1α to mediate HIF-1α N-terminal lysine acetylation, ubiquitination and degradation, with downstream effects on MDR1 levels. Functional inactivation of MOF enhances HIF-1α stability and causes cell tolerance to hypoxia that is insensitive to histone deacetylase inhibitor treatment. Dysfunction of MOF in hepatocellular carcinoma cells also results in chemoresistance to trichostatin A, sorafenib and 5-fluorouracil via HIF-1α. Our results suggest that MOF regulates hypoxia tolerance and drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by modulating both HIF-1α mRNA expression and N-terminal acetylation of HIF-1α, providing molecular insight into MOF-dependent oncogenic function of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Cell and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haoyu Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengpeng Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qibing Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Cell and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangzhi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Cell and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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17
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Cha JE, Bae WY, Choi JS, Lee SH, Jeong JW. Angiogenic activities are increased via upregulation of HIF-1α expression in gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:671. [PMID: 34345296 PMCID: PMC8323004 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been used to treat patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and activating EGFR mutations; however, the emergence of secondary mutations in EGFR or the acquisition of resistance to EGFR-TKIs can develop and is involved in clinical failure. Since angiogenesis is associated with tumor progression and the blockade of antitumor drugs, inhibition of angiogenesis could be a rational strategy for developing anticancer drugs combined with EGFR-TKIs to treat patients with NSCLC. The signaling pathway mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is essential for tumor angiogenesis. The present study aimed to identify the dependence of gefitinib resistance on HIF-1α activity using angiogenesis assays, western blot analysis, colony formation assay, xenograft tumor mouse model and immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues. In the NSCLC cell lines, HIF-1α protein expression levels and hypoxia-induced angiogenic activities were found to be increased. In a xenograft mouse tumor model, tumor tissues derived from gefitinib-resistant PC9 cells showed increased protein expression of HIF-1α and angiogenesis within the tumors. Furthermore, inhibition of HIF-1α suppressed resistance to gefitinib, whereas overexpression of HIF-1α increased resistance to gefitinib. The results from the present study provides evidence that HIF-1α was associated with the acquisition of resistance to gefitinib and suggested that inhibiting HIF-1α alleviated gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woom-Yee Bae
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sun Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Varlamova EG, Turovsky EA. THE MAIN CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF METHYLSELENINIC ACID ON VARIOUS CANCER CELLS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6614. [PMID: 34205571 PMCID: PMC8234898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of recent decades have repeatedly demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of selenium-containing compounds on cancer cells of various origins. Particular attention in these studies is paid to methylseleninic acid, a widespread selenium-containing compound of organic nature, for several reasons: it has a selective cytotoxic effect on cancer cells, it is cytotoxic in small doses, it is able to generate methylselenol, excluding the action of the enzyme β-lyase. All these qualities make methylseleninic acid an attractive substrate for the production of anticancer drugs on its basis with a well-pronounced selective effect. However, the studies available to date indicate that there is no strictly specific molecular mechanism of its cytotoxic effect in relation to different cancer cell lines and cancer models. This review contains generalized information on the dose- and time-dependent regulation of the toxic effect of methylseleninic acid on the proliferative properties of a number of cancer cell lines. In addition, special attention in this review is paid to the influence of this selenium-containing compound on the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and on the expression of seven selenoproteins, which are localized in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Varlamova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institutskaya St. 3, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia;
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Cao G, Li P, He X, Jin M, Li M, Chen S, Xu X, Sun Q, Xiong M, Chen B. FHL3 Contributes to EMT and Chemotherapy Resistance Through Up-Regulation of Slug and Activation of TGF β/Smad-Independent Pathways in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:649029. [PMID: 34150617 PMCID: PMC8213027 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.649029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer presents high risk of metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. Hence, it is important to understand the mechanisms of gastric cancer distant metastasis and chemotherapeutic resistance. Our previous study has revealed Four and a Half LIM Domains 3 (FHL3) plays as a binding partner of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta (GSK3β), promoted tumor metastasis in pancreatic cancer. However, the role of FHL3 in gastric cancer still remains unclear. Methods TCGA database and clinical samples are used for exploring the role of FHL3 in disease progression and prognosis. Oxaliplatin (OHP) resistance cell lines were established to study the role of FHL3 in chemotherapy resistance. The experiments about cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis were performed to measure the chemotherapy effects of sh-FHL3 on gastric cancer cell lines and in vivo. That FHL3 changed the EMT phenotype was verified by western blot. Finally, we explored the mechanism of FHL3-mediated EMT and chemotherapy resistance. Results mRNA and protein level of FHL3 were significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues when compared with adjacent tissue. FHL3 higher expression is always accompanied with higher TNM stage and worse overall survival. FHL3 over-expressed could lead to OHP resistance. Knockdown of FHL3 slightly inhibited the cell growth, while it obviously sensitized the chemotherapy in vivo and in vitro. In addition, down-regulation of FHL3 increased the mesenchymal markers, such as Slug, Snail, Twist Family BHLH Transcription Factor 1 (Twist1), and Vimentin, while it decreased the epithelial marker E-cadherin. Cell and animal experiments also proved that down-regulation of FHL3 can decrease cancer cell metastasis. For mechanism study, FHL3 knockdown down-regulated the expression level of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)/Extracellular Regulated Protein Kinase (ERK) pathway and Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ)/Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/GSK3β-(Ring Finger Protein 146) RNF146/ubiquitin pathway. FHL3 competitively bonded the ubiquitin complex (Slug/GSK3β/RNF146) with Slug and inhibited ubiquitination of Slug. Mesenchymal phenotype cells hold higher level of Multidrug Resistance Gene1 (MDR1), and the FHL3 knockdown reverts the MDR1 in this type cell. Conclusion FHL3 high expression contributed to EMT and chemotherapy resistance via MAPK, and PI3K pathways were activated. FHL3 competitively bonded the ubiquitin complex with Slug, resulting in the up-regulation of Slug and leading to metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pengping Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengyao Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengying Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sihan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Maoming Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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20
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King R, Hayes C, Donohoe CL, Dunne MR, Davern M, Donlon NE. Hypoxia and its impact on the tumour microenvironment of gastroesophageal cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:312-331. [PMID: 34040696 PMCID: PMC8131902 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i5.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The malfeasant role of the hypoxic tumour microenvironment (TME) in cancer progression was recognized decades ago but the exact mechanisms that augment the hallmarks of cancer and promote treatment resistance continue to be elucidated. Gastroesophageal cancers (GOCs) represent a major burden of worldwide disease, responsible for the deaths of over 1 million people annually. Disentangling the impact of hypoxia in GOCs enables a better overall understanding of the disease pathogenesis while shining a light on novel therapeutic strategies and facilitating precision treatment approaches with the ultimate goal of improving outcomes for patients with these diseases. This review discusses the underlying principles and processes of the hypoxic response and the effect of hypoxia in promoting the hallmarks of cancer in the context of GOCs. We focus on its bidirectional influence on inflammation and how it drives angiogenesis, innate and adaptive immune evasion, metastasis, and the reprogramming of cellular bioenergetics. The contribution of the hypoxic GOC TME to treatment resistance is examined and a brief overview of the pharmacodynamics of hypoxia-targeted therapeutics is given. The principal methods that are used in measuring hypoxia and how they may enhance prognostication or provide rationale for individually tailored management in the case of tumours with significant hypoxic regions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross King
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital Campus, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin D8, Ireland
| | - Conall Hayes
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital Campus, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin D8, Ireland
| | - Claire L Donohoe
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital Campus, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin D8, Ireland
| | - Margaret R Dunne
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital Campus, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin D8, Ireland
| | - Maria Davern
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital Campus, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin D8, Ireland
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital Campus, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin D8, Ireland
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21
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HIF-1 Inhibitor YC-1 Reverses the Acquired Resistance of EGFR-Mutant HCC827 Cell Line with MET Amplification to Gefitinib. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6633867. [PMID: 33763171 PMCID: PMC7946473 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6633867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Acquired resistance occurred in the majority of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) therapy, and this may be related to the activation of the HIF-1 pathway. Therefore, we examined the influence of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathway inhibition on the sensitivity of HCC827 gefitinib-resistant (HCC827 GR) cells with MET amplification to gefitinib. Methods We established HCC827 GR cell line with MET amplification and set four groups with different treatment. An MTT assay, a colony formation analysis, and a wound healing assay were performed to determine the sensitivity change of HCC827 GR cells after different treatments. HIF-1α, p-EGFR, and p-Met levels were detected with western blot. Correlations among HIF-1α, p-EGFR, and p-Met levels of HCC827 GR cells with different treatments were analyzed with Pearson's correlation analysis. Results HIF-1 inhibitor YC-1 enhanced the sensitivity of HCC827 GR cells to gefitinib. p-Met level was correlated with HIF-1α level, while there was no correlation between p-Met level and p-EGFR level. Conclusion HIF-1 inhibitor YC-1 is able to reverse the acquired resistance of HCC827 GR to gefitinib, and the regulation of the HIF-1 pathway on MET may be one of the mechanisms.
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22
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The changing face of gastric cancer: epidemiologic trends and advances in novel therapies. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:390-399. [PMID: 33009508 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is an aggressive solid-tumor malignancy with poor prognosis. The epidemiologic face of gastric cancer is changing and further insight into its heterogenous immunohistopathologic nature is needed to develop personalized therapies for specific patient populations. In this review, we highlight changes in gastric cancer epidemiology with a special emphasis on racial and ethnic variations and discuss the implications of current clinical and preclinical treatment advances.
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Molecular Bases of Mechanisms Accounting for Drug Resistance in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082116. [PMID: 32751679 PMCID: PMC7463778 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is the most common histological type of gastric cancer, the fifth according to the frequency and the third among the deadliest cancers. GAC high mortality is due to a combination of factors, such as silent evolution, late clinical presentation, underlying genetic heterogeneity, and effective mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOCs) that make the available antitumor drugs scarcely useful. MOCs include reduced drug uptake (MOC-1a), enhanced drug efflux (MOC-1b), low proportion of active agents in tumor cells due to impaired pro-drug activation or active drug inactivation (MOC-2), changes in molecular targets sensitive to anticancer drugs (MOC-3), enhanced ability of cancer cells to repair drug-induced DNA damage (MOC-4), decreased function of pro-apoptotic factors versus up-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes (MOC-5), changes in tumor cell microenvironment altering the response to anticancer agents (MOC-6), and phenotypic transformations, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the appearance of stemness characteristics (MOC-7). This review summarizes updated information regarding the molecular bases accounting for these mechanisms and their impact on the lack of clinical response to the pharmacological treatment currently used in GAC. This knowledge is required to identify novel biomarkers to predict treatment failure and druggable targets, and to develop sensitizing strategies to overcome drug refractoriness in GAC.
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Walbrecq G, Margue C, Behrmann I, Kreis S. Distinct Cargos of Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Hypoxic Cells and Their Effect on Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145071. [PMID: 32709110 PMCID: PMC7404308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common hallmark of solid tumors and is associated with aggressiveness, metastasis and poor outcome. Cancer cells under hypoxia undergo changes in metabolism and there is an intense crosstalk between cancer cells and cells from the tumor microenvironment. This crosstalk is facilitated by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs; diameter between 30 and 200 nm), including exosomes and microvesicles, which carry a cargo of proteins, mRNA, ncRNA and other biological molecules. Hypoxia is known to increase secretion of sEVs and has an impact on the composition of the cargo. This sEV-mediated crosstalk ultimately leads to various biological effects in the proximal tumor microenvironment but also at distant, future metastatic sites. In this review, we discuss the changes induced by hypoxia on sEV secretion and their cargo as well as their effects on the behavior and metabolism of cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment and metastatic events.
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Roy S, Kumaravel S, Sharma A, Duran CL, Bayless KJ, Chakraborty S. Hypoxic tumor microenvironment: Implications for cancer therapy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1073-1086. [PMID: 32594767 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220934038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Hypoxia contributes to tumor aggressiveness and promotes growth of many solid tumors that are often resistant to conventional therapies. In order to achieve successful therapeutic strategies targeting different cancer types, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are induced by hypoxia. Aberrant tumor vasculature and alterations in cellular metabolism and drug resistance due to hypoxia further confound this problem. This review focuses on the implications of hypoxia in an inflammatory TME and its impact on the signaling and metabolic pathways regulating growth and progression of cancer, along with changes in lymphangiogenic and angiogenic mechanisms. Finally, the overarching role of hypoxia in mediating therapeutic resistance in cancers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Roy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Subhashree Kumaravel
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Ankith Sharma
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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Pádua D, Figueira P, Ribeiro I, Almeida R, Mesquita P. The Relevance of Transcription Factors in Gastric and Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Identification and Eradication. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:442. [PMID: 32626705 PMCID: PMC7314965 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric and colorectal cancers have a high incidence and mortality worldwide. The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumor mass has been indicated as the main reason for tumor relapse, metastasis and therapy resistance, leading to poor overall survival. Thus, the elimination of CSCs became a crucial goal for cancer treatment. The identification of these cells has been performed by using cell-surface markers, a reliable approach, however it lacks specificity and usually differs among tumor type and in some cases even within the same type. In theory, the ideal CSC markers are those that are required to maintain their stemness features. The knowledge that CSCs exhibit characteristics comparable to normal stem cells that could be associated with the expression of similar transcription factors (TFs) including SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, KLF4 and c-Myc, and signaling pathways such as the Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog (Hh), Notch and PI3K/AKT/mTOR directed the attention to the use of these similarities to identify and target CSCs in different tumor types. Several studies have demonstrated that the abnormal expression of some TFs and the dysregulation of signaling pathways are associated with tumorigenesis and CSC phenotype. The disclosure of common and appropriate biomarkers for CSCs will provide an incredible tool for cancer prognosis and treatment. Therefore, this review aims to gather the new insights in gastric and colorectal CSC identification specially by using TFs as biomarkers and divulge promising drugs that have been found and tested for targeting these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pádua
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Figueira
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Ribeiro
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Almeida
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Mesquita
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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27
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Zhao Z, Ji M, Wang Q, He N, Li Y. miR-16-5p/PDK4-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming Is Involved in Chemoresistance of Cervical Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 17:509-517. [PMID: 32577500 PMCID: PMC7301169 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in women worldwide. Therefore, investigation about molecular pathogenesis and related therapy targets of cervical cancer is an emergency. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the chemoresistance of cervical cancer were investigated by the use of doxorubicin (Dox)-resistant HeLa/Dox and SiHa/Dox cells. Our data showed that chemoresistant cells exhibited significantly higher glucose consumption, lactate production rate, and ATP levels than that of their parental cells. Among metabolic and glycolytic related genes, the expression of PDK4 was upregulated in Dox-resistant cells. Knockdown of PDK4 can decrease glucose consumption, lactate production rate, and ATP levels and further sensitize resistant cervical cancer cells to Dox treatment. By screening microRNAs (miRNAs), which can regulate expression of PDK4, we found that miR-16-5p was downregulated in chemoresistant cells. Overexpression of miR-16-5p can decrease the expression of PDK4 and sensitize the resistant cells to Dox treatment. Xenograft models confirmed that knockdown of PDK4 can increase chemotherapy efficiency for in vivo tumor growth. Collectively, our data suggested that miR-16-5p/PDK4-mediated metabolic reprogramming is involved in chemoresistance of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Mei Ji
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qianqing Wang
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Nannan He
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Yu S, Li Q, Yu Y, Cui Y, Li W, Liu T, Liu F. Activated HIF1α of tumor cells promotes chemoresistance development via recruiting GDF15-producing tumor-associated macrophages in gastric cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1973-1987. [PMID: 32388677 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the preferred treatment for advanced stage gastric cancer (GC) patients, and developing chemoresistance is a tremendous challenge to efficacy of GC treatment. The treatments of anti-tumor chemo-agents recruit more tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) which are highly implicated in the chemoresistance development, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) in GC cells is activated upon 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment and results in much more accumulation of M2-type TAMs which protect tumor cells from chemo-agents. Mechanistically, in the GC cells under the 5-FU treatment, reactive oxygen species is accumulated and then induces the activation of HIF1α signaling to drive the expression of high-mobility group box 1, which leads to more macrophage's infiltration into GC tumor. In turn, the recruited TAMs exhibit tumor-protected M2-type phenotype and promote the chemoresistance of GC cells via producing growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) to exacerbate the fatty acid β-oxidation in tumor cells. Blocking GDF15 using antibody or inhibiting FAO of tumor cells by etomoxir efficiently gave rise to the tumor cell sensitivity to 5-FU. Therefore, our study demonstrates a novel insight in understanding the cross talking between tumor cells and immune microenvironment and provides new therapeutic targets for clinic treatments of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyi Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehong Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fenglin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Agrawal I, Jha S. Comprehensive review of ASC structure and function in immune homeostasis and disease. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3077-3096. [PMID: 32124174 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis associated speck like protein containing CARD (ASC) is widely researched and recognized as an adaptor protein participating in inflammasome assembly and pyroptosis. It contains a bipartite structure comprising of a pyrin and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) domain. These two domains help ASC function as an adaptor molecule. ASC is encoded by the gene PYCARD. ASC plays pivotal role in various diseases as well as different homeostatic processes. ASC plays a regulatory role in different cancers showing differential regulation with respect to tissue and stage of disease. Besides cancer, ASC also plays a central role in sensing, regulation, and/or disease progression in bacterial infections, viral infections and in varied inflammatory diseases. ASC is expressed in different types of immune and non-immune cells. Its localization pattern also varies with different kinds of stimuli encountered by cell. This review will summarize the literature on the structure cellular and tissue expression, localization and disease association of ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Agrawal
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwad, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Sushmita Jha
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwad, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India.
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30
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Ruan T, Liu W, Tao K, Wu C. A Review of Research Progress in Multidrug-Resistance Mechanisms in Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1797-1807. [PMID: 32184615 PMCID: PMC7053652 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s239336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and it is also one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Because of its insidious symptoms and lack of early dictation screening, many cases of gastric cancer are at late stages which make it more complicated to cure. For these advanced-stage gastric cancers, combination therapy of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and target therapy would bring more benefit to the patients. However, the drug-resistance to the chemotherapy restricts its effect and might lead to treatment failure. In this review article, we discuss the mechanisms which have been found in recent years of drug resistance in gastric cancer. And we also want to find new approaches to counteract chemotherapy resistance and bring more benefits to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chuanqing Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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31
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Zhou Y, Wang L, Wang C, Wu Y, Chen D, Lee TH. Potential implications of hydrogen peroxide in the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of gliomas. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:187-203. [PMID: 31956964 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor, and it has a high mortality rate. Currently, there are only a few therapeutic approaches for gliomas, and their effects are unsatisfactory. Therefore, uncovering the pathogenesis and exploring more therapeutic strategies for the treatment of gliomas are urgently needed to overcome the ongoing challenges. Cellular redox imbalance has been shown to be associated with the initiation and progression of gliomas. Among reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is considered the most suitable for redox signaling and is a potential candidate as a key molecule that determines the fate of cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the potential cellular and molecular roles of H2O2 in gliomagenesis and explore the potential implications of H2O2 in radiotherapy and chemotherapy and in the ongoing challenges of current glioma treatment. Moreover, we evaluate H2O2 as a potential redox sensor and potential driver molecule of nanocatalytic therapeutic strategies for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Provincial Universities and Colleges, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Long Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Chaojia Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yilin Wu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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32
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Hsieh HL, Tsai MM. Tumor progression-dependent angiogenesis in gastric cancer and its potential application. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:686-704. [PMID: 31558974 PMCID: PMC6755109 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i9.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in the early diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer (GC), human GC remains one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumors in the world, and the survival rate of GC patients remains very poor. Thus, a suitable therapeutic strategy for GC is important for prolonging survival. Both tumor cells themselves and the tumor microenvironment play an important role in tumorigenesis, including angiogenesis, inflammation, immunosuppression and metastasis. Importantly, these cells contribute to gastric carcinogenesis by altering the angiogenic phenotype switch. The development, relapse and spreading of tumors depend on new vessels that provide the nutrition, growth factors and oxygen required for continuous tumor growth. Therefore, a state of tumor dormancy could be induced by blocking tumor-associated angiogenesis. Recently, several antiangiogenic agents have been identified, and their potential for the clinical management of GC has been tested. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary of angiogenesis and the angiogenic factors associated with tumor progression in GC. We also review antiangiogenic agents with a focus on the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-mediated pathway for endothelial cell growth and their angiogenesis ability in GC. However, most antiangiogenic agents have reported no benefit to overall survival (OS) compared to chemotherapy alone in local or advanced GC. In phase III clinical trials, only ramucirumab (anti-VEGFR blocker) and apatinib (VEGFR-TKI blocker) have reported an improved median overall response rate and prolonged OS and progression-free survival outcomes as a 2nd-line agent combined with chemotherapy treatment in advanced GC. By providing insights into the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis associated with tumor progression in GC, this review will hopefully aid the optimization of antiangiogenesis strategies for GC therapy in combination with chemotherapy and adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ming Tsai
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
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33
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Quinacrine-Mediated Inhibition of Nrf2 Reverses Hypoxia-Induced 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184366. [PMID: 31491980 PMCID: PMC6770959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an important chemotherapeutic agent for the systemic treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), but its effectiveness against CRC is limited by increased 5-FU resistance caused by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. The purpose of our study was to assess the feasibility of using quinacrine (QC) to increase the efficacy of 5-FU against CRC cells under hypoxic conditions. QC reversed the resistance to 5-FU induced by hypoxia in CRC cell lines, as determined using ATP-Glo cell viability assays and clonogenic survival assays. Treatment of cells with 5-FU under hypoxic conditions had no effect on the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), a regulator of cellular resistance to oxidative stress, whereas treatment with QC alone or in combination with 5-FU reduced Nrf2 expression in all CRC cell lines tested. Overexpression of Nrf2 effectively prevented the increase in the number of DNA double-strand breaks induced by QC alone or in combination with 5-FU. siRNA-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK1) knockdown inhibited the QC-mediated Nrf2 degradation in CRC cells under hypoxic conditions. The treatment of CRC xenografts in mice with the combination of QC and 5-FU was more effective in suppressing tumor growth than QC or 5-FU alone. QC increases the susceptibility of CRC cells to 5-FU under hypoxic conditions by enhancing JNK1-dependent Nrf2 degradation.
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34
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Wei TT, Lin YT, Tang SP, Luo CK, Tsai CT, Shun CT, Chen CC. Metabolic targeting of HIF-1α potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2019; 39:414-427. [PMID: 31477841 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major problem limiting the efficacy of chemotherapy in cancer treatment, and the hypoxia-induced stabilization of HIF-1α plays a role in this process. HIF-1α overexpression has been observed in a variety of human cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, targeting HIF-1α is a promising strategy for overcoming chemoresistance to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapies in CRC. Here, we show that DNMT inhibitors can induce HIF-1α degradation to overcome oxaliplatin resistance and enhance anti-CRC therapy. We found that a low-toxicity DNMT inhibitor, zebularine, could downregulate HIF-1α expression and overcome hypoxia-induced oxaliplatin resistance in HCT116 cells and showed efficacy in HCT116 xenograft models and AOM/DSS-induced CRC mouse models. Zebularine could induce the degradation of HIF-1α protein through hydroxylation. LC-MS analysis showed a decrease in succinate in various CRC cells under hypoxia and in colon tissues of AOM/DSS-induced CRC mice. The decrease was reversed by zebularine. Tumor angiogenesis was also reduced by zebularine. Furthermore, zebularine potentiated the anticancer effect of oxaliplatin in AOM/DSS-induced CRC models. This finding provides a new strategy in which an increase in HIF-1α hydroxylation could overcome oxaliplatin resistance to enhance anti-CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Tang Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Pu Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cong-Kai Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Tsun Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 100, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 106, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chow Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 100, Taipei, Taiwan.
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35
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Russi S, Verma HK, Laurino S, Mazzone P, Storto G, Nardelli A, Zoppoli P, Calice G, La Rocca F, Sgambato A, Lucci V, Falco G, Ruggieri V. Adapting and Surviving: Intra and Extra-Cellular Remodeling in Drug-Resistant Gastric Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153736. [PMID: 31370155 PMCID: PMC6695752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant recent advances in clinical practice, gastric cancer (GC) represents a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. In fact, occurrence of chemo-resistance still remains a daunting hindrance to effectiveness of the current approach to GC therapy. There is accumulating evidence that a plethora of cellular and molecular factors is implicated in drug-induced phenotypical switching of GC cells. Among them, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), autophagy, drug detoxification, DNA damage response and drug target alterations, have been reported as major determinants. Intriguingly, resistant GC phenotype may be the result of GC cell-induced tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling, which is currently emerging as a key player in promoting drug resistance and overcoming cytotoxic effects of drugs. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms of drug resistance and their involvement in determining current GC therapies failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Russi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Section of Stem Cell and Development, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche "Gaetano Salvatore" Biogem s.c. a.r.l., 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Simona Laurino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Pellegrino Mazzone
- Section of Stem Cell and Development, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche "Gaetano Salvatore" Biogem s.c. a.r.l., 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Storto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Anna Nardelli
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Zoppoli
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Giovanni Calice
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Francesco La Rocca
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Valeria Lucci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Geppino Falco
- Section of Stem Cell and Development, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche "Gaetano Salvatore" Biogem s.c. a.r.l., 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Vitalba Ruggieri
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
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36
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Hao LS, Liu Q, Tian C, Zhang DX, Wang B, Zhou DX, Li ZP, Yuan ZX. Correlation and expression analysis of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, glucose transporter 1 and lactate dehydrogenase 5 in human gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1431-1441. [PMID: 31423208 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and identification of novel potential targeting sites for intervention therapy are essential in the search for improved treatment methods for gastric cancer (GC). Previously, it has been reported that hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a potential target gene involved in the endogenous hypoxic response and bioenergetic metabolism of GC cells. In the present study, with the assumption of a close interplay among HIF-1α, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH-5), 85 patients with GC were recruited and the protein and gene expression levels of HIF-1α, GLUT1 and LDH-5 in tumor tissues were evaluated in order to assess clinical correlations and co-expression patterns, using Immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that the protein and gene expression levels of HIF-1α were significantly associated with the depth of invasion, nodal metastasis, clinical stage, differentiation and distant metastasis. Consistent with the protein expression results, the mRNA expression levels of the genes coding for GLUT1 and LDH-5 were clearly associated with tumor size, depth of invasion, distant metastasis, clinical stage and differentiation. Correlation analysis of HIF-1α with GLUT1 and LDH-5 at the protein and mRNA expression levels in gastric carcinoma indicated that HIF-1α expression was positively correlated with the expression of GLUT1 (P<0.01, r=0.765 for mRNA expression; P<0.01, r=0.697 for protein expression) and LDH-5 (P<0.01, r=0.892 for mRNA expression; P<0.01, r=0.783 for protein expression) at the mRNA and protein levels. Therefore, it may be concluded that HIF-1α, GLUT1 and LDH-5 are potential target genes involved in the endogenous tumor response to hypoxia and the inhibition of tumor energy metabolism, highlighting a novel therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang-Song Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Graduate School of Surgery, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Tian
- Graduate School of Surgery, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Xing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Xu Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Peng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
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Zembrzuska K, Ostrowski RP, Matyja E. Hyperbaric oxygen increases glioma cell sensitivity to antitumor treatment with a novel isothiourea derivative in vitro. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2703-2716. [PMID: 30896865 PMCID: PMC6448092 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor. Tumor hypoxia is a pivotal factor responsible for the progression of this malignant glioma, and its resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Thus, improved tumor tissue oxygenation may promote greater sensitivity to anticancer treatment. Protein kinase D1 (PKD1) protects cells from oxidative stress, and its abnormal activity serves an important role in multiple malignancies. The present study examined the effects of various oxygen conditions on the cytotoxic potential of the novel isothiourea derivate N,N′-dimethyl-S-(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromobenzyl)- isothiouronium bromide (ZKK-3) against the T98G GBM cell line. ZKK-3 was applied at concentrations of 10, 25 and 50 µM, and cells were maintained under conditions of normoxia, anoxia, hypoxia, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), hypoxia/hypoxia and hypoxia/HBO. The proliferation and viability of neoplastic cells, and protein expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), PKD1, phosphorylated (p)PKD1 (Ser 916) and pPKD1 (Ser 744/748) kinases were evaluated. Oxygen deficiency, particularly regarding hypoxia, could diminish the cytotoxic effect of ZKK-3 at 25 and 50 µM and improve T98G cell survival compared with normoxia. HBO significantly reduced cell proliferation and increased T98G cell sensitivity to ZKK-3 when compared with normoxia. HIF-1α expression levels were increased under hypoxia compared with normoxia and decreased under HBO compared with hypoxia/hypoxia at 0, 10 and 50 µM ZKK-3, suggesting that HBO improved oxygenation of the cells. ZKK-3 exhibited inhibitory activity against pPKD1 (Ser 916) kinase; however, the examined oxygen conditions did not appear to significantly influence the expression of this phosphorylated form in cells treated with the tested compound. Regarding pPKD1 (Ser 744/748), a significant difference in expression was observed only for cells treated with 10 µM ZKK-3 and hypoxia/hypoxia compared with normoxia. However, there were significant differences in the expression levels of both phosphorylated forms of PKD1 under different oxygen conditions in the controls. In conclusion, the combination of isothiourea derivatives and hyperbaric oxygenation appears to be a promising therapeutic approach for malignant glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Zembrzuska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuropathology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02‑106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert P Ostrowski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuropathology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02‑106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Matyja
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuropathology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02‑106 Warsaw, Poland
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La X, Zhang L, Li Z, Li H, Yang Y. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Enhances the Sensitivity of Colorectal Cancer Cells to 5-FU by Inhibiting GRP78/NF-κB/miR-155-5p/MDR1 Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2510-2518. [PMID: 30741544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Green tea accounts for approximately 20% of the world's total tea yield. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is an active catechin in green tea, which suppresses tumor growth and enhances drug sensitivity in various cancers, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), are a common strategy for clinical treatment of cancer patients; however, the lower response rate caused by prolonged use becomes the main reason for tumor recurrence. Therefore, discovering a safe and effective chemo-sensitizer is an urgent task required to be solved. Here, we report that EGCG reinforces the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-FU, and the IC50 values of 5-FU is decreased from 40 ± 4.2 μM to 5 ± 0.36 μM in one human colon carcinoma cell line-HCT-116, and from 150 ± 6.4 μM to 11 ± 0.96 μM in the other human colon carcinoma cell line-DLD1 when these cells are cotreated with 50 μM EGCG. Consistently, compared to 5-FU or EGCG treatment alone, the combination of both significantly promotes cancer cell apoptosis and DNA damage. Further mechanism research reveals that treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) with 50 μM EGCG inhibits GRP78 expression, activates the NF-κB (2.55 ± 0.05-fold for HCT-116 and 2.27 ± 0.08-fold for DLD1) pathway, and enhances miR-155-5p (2.12 ± 0.02-fold for HCT-116 and 2.01 ± 0.01-fold for DLD1) level. The elevated miR-155-5p strongly suppresses target gene MDR1 expression, which blocks the efflux of 5-FU. The accumulation of 5-FU resulted in caspase-3 and PARP activation, Bcl-2 reduction, and Bad increase, which ultimately lead to cancer cell apoptosis. Overall, our data show that EGCG may be act as a novel chemo-sensitizer, and the GRP78/NF-κB/miR-155-5p/MDR1 pathway plays a vital role in EGCG enhancing the sensitivity of colorectal cancer to 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin La
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
- School of Life Science , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - Hanqing Li
- School of Life Science , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
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Xue M, Li G, Fang X, Wang L, Jin Y, Zhou Q. hsa_circ_0081143 promotes cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer by targeting miR-646/CDK6 pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:25. [PMID: 30733646 PMCID: PMC6359821 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing studies indicated that circRNAs play critical roles in tumor progression. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of circRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unclear. Methods Microarray assay was used to screen the abnormally expressed circRNAs in GC. Cell viability assay, transwell assay and in vivo assay were performed to assess the effects of hsa_circ_0081143 on GC cells. Next, interaction between hsa_circ_0081143 and miR-646 was detected by luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. Results High throughput microarray assay showed that hsa_circ_0081143 was upregulated in GC tissues, which was further confirmed by qRT-PCR. Correlation analysis showed that high hsa_circ_0081143 expression was associated with the advanced TNM stage, lymphnode metastases, and poor overall survival of GC patients. Hsa_circ_0081143 inhibition decreased GC cells viability, invasion ability and induced the sensitivity of GC cells to cisplatin (DDP) in vitro. Mechanistically, we showed that hsa_circ_0081143 could act as an endogenous sponge by directly binding to miR-646 and downregulation of miR-646 efficiently reversed the inhibition of CDK6 induced by hsa_circ_008114 knockdown. Additionally, hsa_circ_0081143 silencing suppressed the tumorigenesis and remarkably enhance DDP inhibitory effects of GC cells in vivo. Conclusions Our study indicated a novel regulatory loop that hsa_circ_0081143/miR-646/CDK6 axis in GC progression. These data suggested that hsa_circ_0081143 might act as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Xue
- 1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, NO. 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, 453100 Henan China
| | - Guangyan Li
- 2Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100 Henan China
| | - Xiangjie Fang
- 1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, NO. 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, 453100 Henan China
| | - Lili Wang
- 3Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100 Henan China
| | - Yuhong Jin
- 3Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100 Henan China
| | - Qinglan Zhou
- 4Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100 Henan China
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Luo W, Wang Y. Hypoxia Mediates Tumor Malignancy and Therapy Resistance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1136:1-18. [PMID: 31201713 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12734-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment and contributes to tumor malignant phenotypes. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a master regulator of intratumoral hypoxia and controls hypoxia-mediated pathological processes in tumors, including angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic reprogramming, immune evasion, pH homeostasis, cell migration/invasion, stem cell pluripotency, and therapy resistance. In this book chapter, we reviewed the causes and types of intratumoral hypoxia, hypoxia detection methods, and the oncogenic role of HIF in tumorigenesis and chemo- and radio-therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Luo
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Yingfei Wang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Zhou YL, Li YM, He WT. Oxygen-laden mesenchymal stem cells enhance the effect of gastric cancer chemotherapy in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1245-1252. [PMID: 30655891 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important factor that results in failure of chemotherapy for the majority of solid tumor types, particularly for gastric cancer. In the present study, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have the ability to migrate to cancer tissues were used as a vehicle to supply oxygen to gastric cancer. The hemoglobin genes were transfected into MSCs as MSC-hemo groups. Subsequently, MSC-hemo groups were induced by isopropyl-b-D-thiogalactopyranoside and hemin to express hemoglobin. The hemoglobin was detected by western blotting method. Following this, the MSC-hemo groups were placed in an atmosphere containing 100% oxygen and were used to investigate the effect of the function of the oxygen-laden MSC-hemo group on gastric cancer chemotherapy with an MTT assay. As a first approach to investigate the possibility of MSCs as a vehicle to supply oxygen to anoxic cancer types, including gastric, liver, breast cancer, the results indicated that the oxygen-laden MSC-hemo group significantly enhanced the effect of chemotherapeutic treatments on gastric cancer cells. Utilizing MSCs as a svehicle to supply oxygen to the solid tumor may be a novel method to improve the hypoxia conditions of tumor tissues and improve the effect of chemotherapy on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Zhou
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ting He
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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Jo Y, Choi N, Kim K, Koo HJ, Choi J, Kim HN. Chemoresistance of Cancer Cells: Requirements of Tumor Microenvironment-mimicking In Vitro Models in Anti-Cancer Drug Development. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:5259-5275. [PMID: 30555545 PMCID: PMC6276092 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, scientists have been using two-dimensional cell culture platforms for high-throughput drug screening of anticancer drugs. Growing evidence indicates that the results of anti-cancer drug screening vary with the cell culture microenvironment, and this variation has been proposed as a reason for the high failure rate of clinical trials. Since the culture condition-dependent drug sensitivity of anti-cancer drugs may negatively impact the identification of clinically effective drug candidates, more reliable in vitro cancer platforms are urgently needed. In this review article, we provide an overview of how cell culture conditions can alter drug efficacy and highlight the importance of developing more reliable cancer drug testing platforms for use in the drug discovery process. The environmental factors that can alter drug delivery and efficacy are reviewed. Based on these observations of chemoresistant tumor physiology, we summarize the recent advances in the fabrication of in vitro cancer models and the model-dependent cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs, with a particular focus on engineered environmental factors in these platforms. It is believed that more physiologically relevant cancer models can revolutionize the drug discovery process.
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Valencia-Cervantes J, Huerta-Yepez S, Aquino-Jarquín G, Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Martínez-Fong D, Arias-Montaño JA, Dávila-Borja VM. Hypoxia increases chemoresistance in human medulloblastoma DAOY cells via hypoxia‑inducible factor 1α‑mediated downregulation of the CYP2B6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 enzymes and inhibition of cell proliferation. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:178-190. [PMID: 30320358 PMCID: PMC6278548 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastomas are among the most frequently diagnosed pediatric solid tumors, and drug resistance remains as the principal cause of treatment failure. Hypoxia and the subsequent activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) are considered key factors in modulating drug antitumor effectiveness, but the underlying mechanisms in medulloblastomas have not yet been clearly understood. The aim of the present study was to determine whether hypoxia induces resistance to cyclophosphamide (CPA) and ifosfamide (IFA) in DAOY medulloblastoma cells, whether the mechanism is dependent on HIF-1α, and whether involves the modulation of the expression of cytochromes P450 (CYP)2B6, 3A4 and 3A5 and the control of cell proliferation. Monolayer cultures of DAOY medulloblastoma cells were exposed for 24 h to moderate (1% O2) or severe (0.1% O2) hypoxia, and protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting. Cytotoxicity was studied with the MTT assay and by Annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was determined by the trypan-blue exclusion assay and cell cycle by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Hypoxia decreased CPA and IFA cytotoxicity in medulloblastoma cells, which correlated with a reduction in the protein levels of CYP2B6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 and inhibition of cell proliferation. These responses were dependent on hypoxia-induced HIF-1α activation, as evidenced by chemical inhibition of its transcriptional activity with 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), which enhanced the cytotoxic activity of CPA and IFA and increased apoptosis. Our results indicate that by stimulating HIF-1α activity, hypoxia downregulates the expression of CYP2B6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, that in turn leads to decreased conversion of CPA and IFA into their active forms and thus to diminished cytotoxicity. These results support that the combination of HIF-1α inhibitors and canonical antineoplastic agents provides a potential therapeutic alternative against medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Valencia-Cervantes
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Oncology Disease Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Mexico 'Federico Gomez', Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Aquino-Jarquín
- Laboratory of Research on Genomics, Genetics and Bioinformatics, Haemato‑Oncology Building, Children's Hospital of Mexico 'Federico Gomez', Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Enríquez
- Department of Biochemistry,National Institute of Cardiology 'Ignacio Chavez', Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Daniel Martínez-Fong
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - José-Antonio Arias-Montaño
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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Diedrich JD, Herroon MK, Rajagurubandara E, Podgorski I. The Lipid Side of Bone Marrow Adipocytes: How Tumor Cells Adapt and Survive in Bone. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018; 16:443-457. [PMID: 29869753 PMCID: PMC6853185 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone marrow adipocytes have emerged in recent years as key contributors to metastatic progression in bone. In this review, we focus specifically on their role as the suppliers of lipids and discuss pro-survival pathways that are closely linked to lipid metabolism, affected by the adipocyte-tumor cell interactions, and likely impacting the ability of the tumor cell to thrive in bone marrow space and evade therapy. RECENT FINDINGS The combined in silico, pre-clinical, and clinical evidence shows that in adipocyte-rich tissues such as bone marrow, tumor cells rely on exogenous lipids for regulation of cellular energetics and adaptation to harsh metabolic conditions of the metastatic niche. Adipocyte-supplied lipids have a potential to alter the cell's metabolic decisions by regulating glycolysis and respiration, fatty acid oxidation, lipid desaturation, and PPAR signaling. The downstream effects of lipid signaling on mitochondrial homeostasis ultimately control life vs. death decisions, providing a mechanism for gaining survival advantage and reduced sensitivity to treatment. There is a need for future research directed towards identifying the key metabolic and signaling pathways that regulate tumor dependence on exogenous lipids and consequently drive the pro-survival behavior in the bone marrow niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Diedrich
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mackenzie K Herroon
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Erandi Rajagurubandara
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Okazaki M, Fushida S, Tsukada T, Kinoshita J, Oyama K, Miyashita T, Ninomiya I, Harada S, Ohta T. The effect of HIF-1α and PKM1 expression on acquisition of chemoresistance. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1865-1874. [PMID: 30013393 PMCID: PMC6037278 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s166136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In patients with gastric cancer, one of the greatest obstacles to effective chemotherapy is the development of chemoresistance. It has been previously reported that hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is associated with acquisition of chemoresistance, and more recent studies have also noted an association of pyruvate kinase muscle 1 (PKM1) and chemoresistance. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of HIF-1α and PKM1 expression on the development of acquired chemoresistance using a paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant gastric cancer cell line. Materials and methods A cancer cell line resistant to PTX was established from MKN45 cells by stepwise exposure to drug (rMKN45-PTX). The expressions of HIF-1α, apoptosis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), multidrug transporters and glycolytic enzyme were examined by Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. We also assessed the tumor proliferation by subcutaneous tumor and peritoneal dissemination of mouse xenograft model. Results The resistance index was 6.1 by determining as the ratio of the 50% growth inhibition (IC50) of rMKN45-PTX/IC50 of MKN45. Expression of nuclear factor kappa B and HIF-1α was increased in rMKN45-PTX cells compared with the parent cells. Expression of Bax and caspase-3 was significantly downregulated, whereas expression of Bcl-xL, P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein and VEGF was increased in rMKN45-PTX. The expression level of PKM1 was upregulated in rMKN45-PTX, leading to an increase in the PKM1/PKM2 ratio. Using xenograft models, we demonstrated that mouse subcutaneous tumors derived from rMKN45-PTX were significantly larger than those derived from MKN45 cells. Conclusion Under the stress of chemotherapeutic agent exposure, high expression of HIF-1α affects various downstream genes. Although the underlying mechanism is unknown, our data suggest that PKM1 is also a molecular target for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Okazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan,
| | - Sachio Fushida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan,
| | - Tomoya Tsukada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan,
| | - Jun Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan,
| | - Katsunobu Oyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan,
| | - Tomoharu Miyashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan,
| | - Itasu Ninomiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan,
| | - Shinichi Harada
- Center for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan,
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Vissers MCM, Das AB. Potential Mechanisms of Action for Vitamin C in Cancer: Reviewing the Evidence. Front Physiol 2018; 9:809. [PMID: 30018566 PMCID: PMC6037948 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether vitamin C (ascorbate) has a role to play as an anti-cancer agent has been debated for decades. Ascorbate has been used by cancer patients in an unregulated environment, either as a dietary supplement or in pharmacological doses administered by infusion, with numerous reports of clinical benefit, but in the absence of rigorous clinical trial data. The design of appropriate clinical trials has been hindered by a lack of understanding of the mechanism(s) of action that would inform the choice of effective dose, timing of administration and likely responsive cancer models. More recently, expanded understanding of the biological activities of ascorbate has led to a number of plausible hypotheses for mechanisms of anti-cancer activity. Prominent among these are the generation of significant quantities of hydrogen peroxide by the autoxidation of supra-physiological concentrations of ascorbate and stimulation of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family of enzymes (2-OGDDs) that have a cofactor requirement for ascorbate. Hydrogen peroxide generation is postulated to generate oxidative stress that preferentially targets cancer cells. The 2-OGDDs include the hydroxylases that regulate the hypoxic response, a major driver of tumor survival, angiogenesis, stem cell phenotype and metastasis, and the epigenetic histone and DNA demethylases. The latter are of particular interest, with recent studies suggesting a promising role for ascorbate in the regulation of the ten-eleven translocase (TET) DNA demethylases in hematological cancers. Support for these proposed mechanisms has come from many in vitro studies, and xenograft animal models have consistently shown an anti-cancer effect of ascorbate administration. However, decisive evidence for any particular mechanism(s) of action is not yet available from an in vivo setting. With a number of early phase clinical trials currently underway, evidence for potential mechanism(s) of action is required to inform the most appropriate study design and choice of cancer model. Hopefully such information will result in sound clinical data that will avert adding any further controversy to this already contentious debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margreet C M Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew B Das
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Singh DK, Ling EA, Kaur C. Hypoxia and myelination deficits in the developing brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 70:3-11. [PMID: 29964158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination is a complex and orderly process during brain development that is essential for normal motor, cognitive and sensory functions. Cellular and molecular interactions between myelin-forming oligodendrocytes and axons are required for normal myelination in the developing brain. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) proliferate and differentiate into mature myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. In this connection, astrocytes and microglia are also involved in survival and proliferation of OPCs. Hypoxic insults during the perinatal period affect the normal development, differentiation and maturation of the OPCs or cause their death resulting in impaired myelination. Several factors such as augmented release of proinflammatory cytokines by activated microglia and astrocytes, extracellular accumulation of excess glutamate and increased levels of nitric oxide are some of the underlying factors for hypoxia induced damage to the OPCs. Additionally, hypoxia also leads to down-regulation of several genes involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation encoding proteolipid protein, platelet-derived growth factor receptor and myelin-associated glycoprotein in the developing brain. Furthermore, oligodendrocytes may also accumulate increased amounts of iron in hypoxic conditions that triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress, misfolding of proteins and generation of reactive oxygen species that ultimately would lead to myelination deficits. More in-depth studies to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the inability of oligodendrocytes to myelinate the developing brain in hypoxic insults are desirable to develop new therapeutic options or strategies for myelination deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, MD10, 4 Medical drive, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Eng-Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, MD10, 4 Medical drive, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, MD10, 4 Medical drive, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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Garrido DI, Garrido SM. Cancer risk associated with living at high altitude in Ecuadorian population from 2005 to 2014. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 91:188-196. [PMID: 29785157 PMCID: PMC5958984 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims Cancer is a leading cause of death in Ecuador with high social and economic impact. This study aims to determinate the influence of living at a high altitude on the risk of developing or dying from cancer among the Ecuadorian population. Methods This is an ecological and epidemiological analysis of cancer mortality and prevalence rates, based on national data from the Ecuadorian National Statistics and Census Institute, corresponding to the period between 2005 and 2014. This study includes the analysis of various types of cancer: gastric, colorectal, hepatic/bile duct, breast, uterine/cervix, and lymphatic/hematopoietic, using rates of mortality and prevalence. Additionally, the association between the risk of getting or dying from cancer and living at high altitude was investigated. This comparison was made between the population living in Highlands, over 2000 meters above sea level, and low-lying regions. Results Living at high altitude was associated with a higher prevalence of cancer and also with a high mortality rate due to cancer. Risk of getting cancer was related to living at a higher altitude, as well as an increased risk of death by cancer: gastric (OR:1.204; p<0.001), colorectal (OR:1.421; p<0.001), hepatic/bile duct (OR:1.184; p<0.001), breast (OR:1.067; p=0.030), or lymphatic/hematopoietic neoplasms (OR:1.135; p<0.001). Conclusions Through an epidemiologic analysis, the association between developing or dying from cancer and living at high altitude was obtained. However, further researche is needed to clarify these findings, something that could have a substantial impact on cancer prevention.
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Diedrich JD, Rajagurubandara E, Herroon MK, Mahapatra G, Hüttemann M, Podgorski I. Bone marrow adipocytes promote the Warburg phenotype in metastatic prostate tumors via HIF-1α activation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64854-64877. [PMID: 27588494 PMCID: PMC5323121 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaptation is increasingly recognized as a key factor in tumor progression, yet its involvement in metastatic bone disease is not understood. Bone is as an adipocyte-rich organ, and a major site of metastasis from prostate cancer. Bone marrow adipocytes are metabolically active cells capable of shaping tumor metabolism via lipolysis and lipid transfer. In this study, using in vitro and in vivo models of marrow adiposity, we demonstrate that marrow fat cells promote Warburg phenotype in metastatic prostate cancer cells. We show increased expression of glycolytic enzymes, increased lactate production, and decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in tumor cells exposed to adipocytes that require paracrine signaling between the two cell types. We also reveal that prostate cancer cells are capable of inducing adipocyte lipolysis as a postulated mechanism of sustenance. We provide evidence that adipocytes drive metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells via oxygen-independent mechanism of HIF-1α activation that can be reversed by HIF-1α downregulation. Importantly, we also demonstrate that the observed metabolic signature in tumor cells exposed to adipocytes mimics the expression patterns seen in patients with metastatic disease. Together, our data provide evidence for a functional relationship between marrow adipocytes and tumor cells in bone that has likely implications for tumor growth and survival within the metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Diedrich
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Mackenzie K Herroon
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gargi Mahapatra
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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