1
|
Sirin SR, Choi E, Sin EJ. Meta-Analysis on the Relation Between Acculturation and Alcohol Use Among Immigrant Youth. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:361-377. [PMID: 34756641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We empirically examined the relation between acculturation and alcohol use in immigrant youth, with attention to demographic and methodological moderators. METHODS We identified 43 studies (38 empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals and 6 dissertations) yielding 66 independent samples and 118 effect sizes. The total sample size was 61,851 immigrant youth from birth to 25 years of age (M = 937.14, standard deviation = 1,271.24) with a mean age of 15.50 years (standard deviation = 2.46). RESULTS The average effect size for the fixed effects model was .04 with a 95% confidence interval of .03-.05, which was significantly different from zero (p < .001). The average effect size for the random effects model was .05 with a 95% confidence interval of .02-.08, which was significantly different from zero (p = .002). Location of the study, age of participants, type of measurements used to assess acculturation and alcohol use, and publication year were significant moderators. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analytic review supported the immigrant paradox in which acculturation puts immigrant youth at risk for alcohol use. Several demographic and methodological factors also moderated this relation in a significant way. Important implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selcuk R Sirin
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, New York.
| | - Elysia Choi
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Esther J Sin
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vasiljevic Z, Svensson R, Shannon D. Trends in alcohol intoxication among native and immigrant youth in Sweden, 1999-2017: A comparison across family structure and parental employment status. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2021; 98:103397. [PMID: 34329951 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing a better understanding of drinking patterns across immigrant generations and how these change over time is important for the development of effective alcohol polices. This study investigates the direction and rate of change in youth alcohol intoxication over time, based on immigrant status, and by family structure and parental employment status. METHOD The study is based on eight nationally representative school surveys conducted by the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention between 1999 and 2017, with a combined sample of 50,657 adolescents. Group by time interactions were examined to compare rates of change of alcohol intoxication over time across immigrant generations. RESULTS The results show a decreasing trend in alcohol intoxication among both first and second generation immigrant youth, and also among immigrant youth across different family structures and parental employment statuses. The results also show that the decrease in alcohol intoxication over time is greater for youths born abroad and for youths with two immigrant parents than for native Swedes, and that the decrease over time is greater for youths from intact families than for native Swedish youths from non-intact families and youths with one immigrant parent. CONCLUSION Native and first- and second-generation immigrant youth may differ substantially from one another in many ways, and may therefore manifest different patterns of drinking behaviours. From a policy and prevention perspective, the data in this study imply that native youths and youths with one immigrant parent should be a central target group for alcohol prevention policy in Sweden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Vasiljevic
- Department of Criminology, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Robert Svensson
- Department of Criminology, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David Shannon
- Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hoffmann SH, Pisinger VSC, Norredam M, Tolstrup JS, Thygesen LC. Does Class Proportion of Students with Non-Western Origin in High Schools Affect Drinking Habits Among Ethnic Danish Students? Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:443-450. [PMID: 32734284 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM the objective was to test the hypothesis that a higher proportion of students with non-Western origin in high school classes is associated with lower and less frequent alcohol consumption among ethnic Danish students. METHOD data on country of origin was obtained from the Danish Civil Registration System, while information on drinking habits were derived from the Danish National Youth Study 2014. Multilevel zero-inflated binominal regression was used to assess the association between class proportion of students with non-Western origin and odds of non-drinking and mean weekly alcohol consumption, while multilevel logistic regression was used to assess the association with frequent binge drinking. RESULTS a higher proportion of students with non-Western origin in class was associated with higher odds of non-drinking among ethnic Danish student in the same class. For example, ethnic Danish boys in classes with more than 15% of the students of non-Western origin had 77% higher odds of being non-drinkers, compared to ethnic Danish boys in classes where 0-5% had non-Western origin (OR: 1.77, 95% CI; 1.42-2.20). Among ethnic Danish students that did consume alcohol, class proportion of students with non-Western origin was not associated with weekly alcohol consumption, while a higher proportion of students with non-Western origin in class was associated with lower odds of frequent binge drinking. CONCLUSION the downward drinking trend among adolescents in Western countries may be partly explained by the higher proportion of youth with non-Western origin, influencing the prevalence of drinking and frequency of binge drinking among adolescents in the ethnic majority population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie H Hoffmann
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Veronica S C Pisinger
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Marie Norredam
- Danish Research Centre for Migration, Ethnicity and Health, Section of Health Services Research, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Janne S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Lau C Thygesen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gustafsson NK, Rydgren J, Rostila M, Miething A. Social network characteristics and alcohol use by ethnic origin: An ego-based network study on peer similarity, social relationships, and co-existing drinking habits among young Swedes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249120. [PMID: 33831040 PMCID: PMC8031442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study explores how social network determinants relate to the prevalence and frequency of alcohol use among peer dyads. It is studied how similar alcohol habits co-exist among persons (egos) and their peers (alters) when socio-demographic similarity (e.g., in ethnic origin), network composition and other socio-cultural aspects were considered. Data was ego-based responses derived from a Swedish national survey with a cohort of 23-year olds. The analytical sample included 7987 ego-alter pairs, which corresponds to 2071 individuals (egos). A so-called dyadic design was applied i.e., all components of the analysis refer to ego-alter pairs (dyads). Multilevel multinomial-models were used to analyse similarity in alcohol habits in relation to ego-alter similarity in ethnic background, religious beliefs, age, sex, risk-taking, educational level, closure in network, duration, and type of relationship, as well as interactions between ethnicity and central network characteristics. Ego-alter similarity in terms of ethnic origin, age and sex was associated with ego-alter similarity in alcohol use. That both ego and alters were non-religious and were members of closed networks also had an impact on similarity in alcohol habits. It was concluded that network similarity might be an explanation for the co-existence of alcohol use among members of peer networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina-Katri Gustafsson
- CHESS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Rydgren
- Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rostila
- CHESS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Miething
- CHESS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
van Dorp M, Boon A, Spijkerman R, Los L. Substance use prevalence rates among migrant and native adolescents in Europe: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 40:325-339. [PMID: 32945593 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ISSUES Migrant adolescents show specific risk and protective factors associated with substance use, but the extent to which prevalence rates differ between migrant and native-born youth in Europe remains unclear. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive review of all available substance use prevalence studies on differences in substance use between migrant and native-born adolescents in Europe. APPROACH In this systematic review, PubMed, Medline and Pre-Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO were searched for articles comparing substance use prevalence rates (tobacco, alcohol, illicit drugs) between migrant and native-born adolescents or young adults aged 11 to 29 years in European countries. The Joanna Briggs Institute prevalence critical appraisal tool was used for quality assessment. KEY FINDINGS Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings unanimously showed lower alcohol use in migrant compared to native-born adolescents, in particular among migrant adolescents from non-European countries and/or with a Muslim background. For tobacco and illicit drug use, findings were mixed. IMPLICATIONS The results suggest a healthier behaviour profile among migrants than among native-born adolescents regarding alcohol use. Therefore, it would be beneficial to develop interventions to support migrant communities in maintaining their healthier alcohol use practices upon arrival in the host country. CONCLUSION Compared to native-born adolescents, migrant adolescents are less likely to use alcohol. The findings on tobacco and illicit drug use were mixed. A European standard for surveys regarding substance use among adolescents is needed to investigate fluctuations, causes, and consequences of substance use differences between migrants and natives at the European level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa van Dorp
- Youz, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Parnassia Group, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Academic Workplace Youth at Risk, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Boon
- Youz, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Parnassia Group, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Curium-LUMC, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Spijkerman
- Parnassia Addiction Research Centre, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Leontien Los
- I-psy Intercultural Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Care, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Brijder-Youth, Adolescent Addiction and Psychiatric Care, The Hague, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rogne AF, Pedersen W, Bakken A. Immigration and the decline in adolescent binge drinking. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 203:35-43. [PMID: 31401533 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent alcohol consumption has fallen in most Western countries over the past two decades, while immigrants and children of immigrants from low-consumption countries constitute a growing proportion of teenagers in many Western nations. We investigate the extent to which immigrants and children of immigrants have contributed to the decline in adolescent heavy episodic drinking in Oslo, the capital of Norway. METHODS We use repeated cross-sectional survey data on adolescents in grades 9-11 in Oslo (aged around 14-16, N = 54,474) from 1996 to 2018. We use data on heavy episodic drinking/intoxication in the past 12 months (dichotomized), immigrant background, sex and grade. We decompose the trend into components attributable to changes in the demographic composition of the adolescent population (by immigrant background, grade and sex), and to changes in drinking patterns within different groups. Confidence intervals (CIs) are obtained by bootstrap resampling. RESULTS The proportion of adolescents with immigrant backgrounds increased from 21% to 35% over the time span. The proportion reporting having been intoxicated fell from 42% to 25%. Most of the decline stems from reduced heavy episodic drinking in the majority population, accounting for 70.8% of the reduction (95% CI: 67.5-74.2). The increased proportion of adolescents with an immigrant background accounts for 21.4% of the decline (95% CI: 19.2-23.8). CONCLUSIONS An increasing proportion of immigrants and children of immigrants with low alcohol consumption explains one-fifth of the decline in the prevalence of adolescent heavy episodic drinking in Oslo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Farner Rogne
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, P.O. box 1096, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Willy Pedersen
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, P.O. box 1096, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Section for Youth Research, Norwegian Social Research, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anders Bakken
- Section for Youth Research, Norwegian Social Research, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Slobodin O, Crunelle CL. Mini Review: Socio-Cultural Influences on the Link Between ADHD and SUD. Front Public Health 2019; 7:173. [PMID: 31294015 PMCID: PMC6606733 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for the development and persistence of substance use disorders (SUD). The prevalence of ADHD in patients with SUD varies across countries and cultures. So far, cross-cultural variance in ADHD prevalence rates among SUD patients was mainly ascribed to methodological differences between studies, leaving the role of societal and cultural practices in the ADHD-SUD link hardly acknowledged. The aim of the present mini review is to address this gap in the literature by providing evidence for the effect of socio-cultural practices on the ADHD-SUD link and suggesting directions for future research. To achieve this goal, we map the influence of socio-cultural factors on the ADHD-SUD link along three lines of research. The first line is concerned with the role of socio-cultural factors in the recognition, diagnosis and treatment of childhood ADHD. The second line of research is concerned with socio-cultural influences on substance use (e.g., religion, ethnic identity, acculturation, and socio-economic status). Finally, we describe potential socio-cultural factors which may operate as mechanisms for reducing or increasing access to substance abuse treatment (e.g., ethnic disparities in health care utilization). Identifying socio-cultural influences on the ADHD-SUD link may provide further insight into the bidirectional association between ADHD and SUD in different contexts and encourage future research in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ortal Slobodin
- Department of Education, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Cleo L. Crunelle
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Toxicological Center, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alhashimi FH, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Al-Shatnawi SF. Attitudes and beliefs related to reporting alcohol consumption in research studies: a case from Jordan. Pragmat Obs Res 2018; 9:55-61. [PMID: 30349418 PMCID: PMC6190630 DOI: 10.2147/por.s172613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acceptability of alcohol consumption varies wildly across cultures. Several factors such as religious beliefs and social desirability might influence reporting of such behaviors to researchers during relevant investigations. Aims This study aimed at assessing reporting of alcohol consumption during participation in research studies in Jordan, and identifying potential reasons and ethical challenges associated with reporting this behavior. Subjects and methods A sample of 400 Jordanians was anonymously surveyed regarding alcohol consumption reporting. Results The study showed a tendency of not reporting alcohol consumption in research (56.8%). Religious belief and trust issues regarding reporting sensitive information during participation in research were significantly the main reasons of not reporting alcohol drinking (P<0.05), while social shame effect was limited to rural areas (P<0.05). Conclusion Raising Jordanians' awareness of benefits of reporting alcohol consumption is highly recommended. Improving confidence in privacy and data confidentiality among Jordanians might help in improving the level of reporting during participation in research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah H Alhashimi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan,
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan,
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Samah F Al-Shatnawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salama E, Niemelä S, Suvisaari J, Laatikainen T, Koponen P, Castaneda AE. The prevalence of substance use among Russian, Somali and Kurdish migrants in Finland: a population-based study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:651. [PMID: 29788931 PMCID: PMC5964663 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substance use is a well-known public health problem, but population-based research on migrants’ substance use in Europe is limited. Factors related to the cultural background and current life situation might influence substance use among migrants. Here, the prevalence of substance use in Russian, Somali and Kurdish migrants in Finland is reported in comparison with the general population, and the associations between substance use and socio-economic and migration-related background factors among migrants are analysed. Methods Cross-sectional data from the Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study (Maamu) and comparison group data of the general Finnish population (n = 1165) from the Health 2011 Survey were used. The survey participants were of Russian (n = 702), Somali (n = 512), and Kurdish (n = 632) origin. Substance use included self-reported alcohol use within previous 12 months (AUDIT-C questionnaire), current and lifetime daily smoking and lifetime use of cannabis and intravenous drugs. Results Binge drinking was less prevalent among all migrant groups than in the general Finnish population (Russian men 65%, p < 0.01; Russian women 30%, p < 0.01, Somali men 2%, p < 0.01, Kurdish men 27%, p < 0.01, Kurdish women 6%, p < 0.01, general population men 87% and women 72%). Current daily smoking was more prevalent among Russian (28%, p = 0.04) and Kurdish (29%, p < 0.01) migrant men compared with the reference group (20%). Younger age and employment were associated with binge drinking among migrants. Socio-economic disadvantage increased the odds for daily smoking in Russian, Somali and Kurdish migrant men. Several migration-related factors, such as age at migration and language proficiency, were associated with substance use. Conclusions Binge drinking is less common among migrants than in the Finnish general population. However, current daily smoking was more prevalent among Russian and Kurdish migrant men compared with the general population. Younger age, level of education, employment, duration of residence in Finland and language proficiency were associated with binge drinking and daily smoking with varying patterns of association depending on the migrant group and gender. These findings draw attention to the variation in substance use habits among migrant populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Essi Salama
- Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Building 10, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20521, Turku, Finland.
| | - Solja Niemelä
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 8000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Joint municipal authority for North Karelia social and health services, Tikkamäentie 16, 80210, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Päivikki Koponen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu E Castaneda
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lund I, Scheffels J. 15-year-old tobacco and alcohol abstainers in a drier generation: Characteristics and lifestyle factors in a Norwegian cross-sectional sample. Scand J Public Health 2018; 47:439-445. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494818770301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Norwegian adolescents currently drink and smoke less on average than previous cohorts. Based on cross-sectional survey data, the individual and familial characteristics of 15-year-old non-users and users of alcohol and tobacco were compared to identify correlates to abstinence. Methods: The survey was approved by the Norwegian Social Science Service. The sample consisted of 3107 adolescents from a 2011 school-based survey, of which 848 (27.3%) did not drink alcohol nor use tobacco. Associations with leisure time activities, risk perceptions, parenting style and social factors were analysed by logistic regression. Results: Most of the non-drinkers were also non-users of tobacco. Abstainers (neither alcohol nor tobacco use) tended to have less unorganized and more hobby-related leisure time activities, higher risk perceptions for smoking, and monitoring or emotionally supportive parents. They more rarely reported close relationships with their best friend and were more likely to report lower occurrences of drinking and smoking among friends or siblings. Conclusions: Differences in perceived parenting styles and a lower degree of unorganized leisure in the abstainer group points to monitoring and closer emotional ties between parents and children as important factors in adolescent abstinence. An implication of these results is that promoting hobby-based activities might be a useful strategy for preventing alcohol and tobacco use in young people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Lund
- Department of Alcohol, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Tobacco and Drugs, Norway
| | - Janne Scheffels
- Department of Alcohol, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Tobacco and Drugs, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pape H, Rossow I, Brunborg GS. Adolescents drink less: How, who and why? A review of the recent research literature. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 1:S98-S114. [PMID: 29573020 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ISSUES Today's teenagers have been described as a sober generation and we asked: 'What is known about the recent decline in youth drinking?' APPROACH A literature review (2005-2017). KEY FINDINGS Research from wealthier parts of the world provides solid evidence of less alcohol use by youth since the millennium shift. Some studies show that this is reflected at all levels of consumption, but there are also indications that the heaviest drinkers have not reduced their drinking. The decrease is predominately seen in underage youth, and has been larger for boys than for girls in several countries. Teenagers across social strata drink less, but some disadvantaged subgroups have not followed the downward trend. Underage drinkers have apparently not become a more deviant group as the prevalence of drinking has dropped, indicating no hardening of the group. The major gap in the literature pertains to the issue of underlying driving forces. We found no evidence in support of the widespread assumption that the digital revolution has been of importance. A decline in parenting practices that are conductive to underage drinking has occurred in several countries, but studies examining whether these changes have contributed to less alcohol use by youth are almost non-existent. IMPLICATIONS To inform alcohol policy and prevention, it is imperative to find out why teenage drinking has decreased in a fairly consistent way across numerous countries. CONCLUSION Future research into the issue of falling prevalence rates of youth drinking should focus on possible explanatory factors at the population level rather than at the individual level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Pape
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,The Research Department, University College of Norwegian Prison Service, Lillestrøm, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Skogen JC, Bøe T, Sivertsen B, Hysing M. Use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs among ethnic Norwegian and ethnic minority adolescents in Hordaland county, Norway: the youth@hordaland-survey. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2018; 23:43-56. [PMID: 27764960 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2016.1246422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe potential differences in unhealthy behaviours among ethnic Norwegian adolescents and minority adolescents from countries within the European Union, European Economic Area or US (EU/EEA countries) and adolescents from non-EU/EEA countries. Specifically, we aimed to investigate ethnic differences in use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs, and potential confounding due to socio-demographic characteristics. DESIGN Cross-sectional population-based study of adolescents aged 16-19 (N = 10,122), with self-reported ethnicity as grouping variable, and self-reported use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs as dependent variables. RESULTS We found that minority adolescents from EU/EEA and non-EU/EEA countries differed from ethnic Norwegian adolescents on important indicators of unhealthy behaviours. Compared to Norwegian adolescents, adolescents from EU/EEA were more likely to report having tried to smoke, to be a daily smoker and to ever having tried an illicit drug (adjusted odds ratio (OR) ranging from 2.01 to 3.74). They were, however, less likely to have tried snus (a form of smokeless tobacco; adjusted OR 0.64; confidence interval (CI) 95% 0.43-0.97) and to report daily snus use (adjusted OR 0.31; CI95% 0.15-0.67). There were no differences in having tried alcohol. Non-EU/EEA adolescents were less likely to have ever tried alcohol (OR 0.24; CI95% 0.18-0.31), snus (OR 0.47; CI95% 0.34-0.65) and to smoke (0.68; CI95% 0.52-0.91), and less likely to report daily snus use (OR 0.36; CI95% 0.21-0.62) compared to Norwegian adolescents. There were no differences with regard to having tried illicit drugs and reporting being a daily smoker. All differences observed were robust to adjustment for age, gender and family socio-economic status. CONCLUSION The presents study identified important differences in unhealthy behaviours across different ethnic groups in Norway. The differences in the prevalence of unhealthy behaviours among ethnic minorities are still relevant in a public health perspective, and potential mechanisms should be investigated further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Christoffer Skogen
- a Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway , Stavanger University Hospital , Stavanger , Norway
- b Department of Health Promotion , Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Bergen , Norway
| | - Tormod Bøe
- c Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare , Uni Research Health , Bergen , Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- b Department of Health Promotion , Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Bergen , Norway
- c Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare , Uni Research Health , Bergen , Norway
- d Department of Psychiatry , Helse Fonna HF , Haugesund , Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- c Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare , Uni Research Health , Bergen , Norway
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Barsties LS, Walsh SD, Huijts T, Bendtsen P, Molcho M, Buijs T, Vieno A, Elgar FJ, Stevens GWJM. Alcohol consumption among first- and second-generation immigrant and native adolescents in 23 countries: Testing the importance of origin and receiving country alcohol prevalence rates. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017; 36:769-778. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S. Barsties
- Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Sophie D. Walsh
- Department of Criminology; Bar Ilan University; Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Tim Huijts
- Department of Sociology; University of York; York UK
| | - Pernille Bendtsen
- National Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Michal Molcho
- School of Languages, Literature and Culture; National University of Ireland Galway; Galway Ireland
| | - Thomas Buijs
- Department of Public Health; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Frank J. Elgar
- Institute for Health and Social Policy; McGill University; Montreal Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Walsh SD, Sagis-Krebs M, Gross A. Emotional alienation as a mediator of the relationship between perceived discrimination and alcohol use among immigrant adolescents in Israel. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2017; 17:501-518. [DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2017.1300555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
15
|
Binge Drinking, Cannabis and Tobacco Use Among Ethnic Norwegian and Ethnic Minority Adolescents in Oslo, Norway. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 17:992-1001. [PMID: 25037580 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess prevalence and factors associated with binge drinking, cannabis use and tobacco use among ethnic Norwegians and ethnic minority adolescents in Oslo. We used data from a school-based cross-sectional survey of adolescents in junior- and senior high schools in Oslo, Norway. The participants were 10,934 adolescents aged 14-17 years, and just over half were females. The sample was comprised of 73.2 % ethnic Norwegian adolescents, 9.8 % 1st generation immigrants, and 17 % 2nd generation adolescents from Europe, the US, the Middle East, Asia and Africa. Logistic regression models were applied for the data analyses. Age, gender, religion, parental education, parent-adolescent relationships, depressive symptoms and loneliness were covariates in the regression models. Ethnic Norwegian adolescents reported the highest prevalence of binge drinking (16.1 %), whereas the lowest prevalence was found among 2nd generation adolescents from Asia (2.9 %). Likewise, the past-year prevalence for cannabis use ranged from 10.6 % among 2nd generation Europeans and those from the US to 3.7 % among 2nd generation Asians. For daily tobacco use, the prevalence ranged from 12.9 % among 2nd generation Europeans and the US to 5.1 % among 2nd generation Asians. Ethnicity, age, gender, religion, parental education, and parent-adolescent relationships and mental health status were significantly associated with binge drinking, cannabis and tobacco use. These factors partly explained the observed differences between ethnic Norwegians and ethnic minority adolescents in the current study. There are significant differences in substance use behaviors between ethnic Norwegian and immigrant youth. Factors like age, gender, religion, parental education and relationships and mental health status might influence the relationship between ethnicity and substance abuse. The findings have implications for planning selective- as well as universal prevention interventions.
Collapse
|
16
|
Are area-level effects just a proxy for school-level effects? Socioeconomic differences in alcohol consumption patterns among Swedish adolescents. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 166:243-8. [PMID: 27388759 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although recent studies have found significant variations in adolescent alcohol consumption across neighbourhoods, these investigations did not address another important context in adolescents' lives: schools. The purpose of this study was to not only simultaneously assess variations in adolescent alcohol use and binge drinking at the city district level and the school level but also analyse whether any such variations could be ascribed to the socioeconomic characteristics of the examined city districts, schools, and students. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Stockholm, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS Ninth-grade students (n=4349) attending schools (n=75) located in the city districts of the Stockholm municipality (n=14). MEASUREMENTS Two measures based on information regarding alcohol consumption were constructed: alcohol use (no or yes) and binge drinking among alcohol users (ranging from "very seldom" to "a few times a week"). A wide range of socioeconomic characteristics was included at the city district, school, and student levels. Alcohol use was analysed using mixed-effects logistic regression, whereas binge drinking among users was modelled using mixed-effects ordered logistic regression. FINDINGS The results indicated that the school was more important than the city district in assessments of contextual variations in adolescent alcohol use in general and binge drinking in particular. Moreover, proportions of well-educated parents and high-performing students accounted for part of the school-level variation in alcohol use but not binge drinking. CONCLUSIONS Failure to account for the school context may have caused past research to overestimate city district differences in alcohol consumption among adolescents.
Collapse
|
17
|
Dimitrova R, Chasiotis A, van de Vijver F. Adjustment Outcomes of Immigrant Children and Youth in Europe. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2016. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Compared to natives, immigrants have been reported to display either more (migration morbidity) or fewer (immigrant paradox) adjustment problems. We examined these two perspectives using a meta-analysis from 51 studies (N = 224,197), reporting internalizing, externalizing, and academic outcomes among immigrant children and youth in Europe. Overall, migration morbidity was better supported than the immigrant paradox. Migration morbidity was supported for (a) externalizing outcomes in Northern Europe and adolescent samples; (b) academic outcomes for low SES and fewer girls across samples; (c) internalizing outcomes in Western Europe and preadolescent samples. Cultural diversity and long-term residence of immigrants are favorable factors for the paradox in externalizing outcomes, whereas immigrant family reunion was predictive for the paradox in internalizing and academic outcomes. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Athanasios Chasiotis
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Babylon Center for the Study of the Multicultural Society, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Özdemir M, Koutakis N. Does promoting parents' negative attitudes to underage drinking reduce adolescents' drinking? The mediating process and moderators of the effects of the Örebro Prevention Programme. Addiction 2016; 111:263-71. [PMID: 26381442 DOI: 10.1111/add.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Örebro Prevention Programme (ÖPP) was found previously to be effective in reducing drunkenness among adolescents [Cohen's d = 0.35, number needed to treat (NNT) = 7.7]. The current study tested the mediating role of parents' restrictive attitudes to underage drinking in explaining the effectiveness of the ÖPP, and the potential moderating role of gender, immigration status, peers' and parents' drinking and parent-adolescent relationship quality. DESIGN A quasi-experimental matched-control group study with assessments at baseline, and at 18- and 30-month follow-ups. PARTICIPANTS Of the 895 target youths at ages 12-13 years, 811 youths and 651 parents at baseline, 653 youths and 524 parents at 18-month and 705 youths and 506 parents at 30-month follow-up participated in the study. MEASUREMENTS Youths reported on their past month drunkenness, their parents' and peers' alcohol use and the quality of their relationship with parents. Parents reported on their attitudes to underage drinking. FINDINGS The mediation analyses, using latent growth curve modeling, showed that changes in parents' restrictive attitudes to underage drinking explained the impact of the ÖPP on changes in youth drunkenness, which was reduced, and onset of monthly drunkenness, which was delayed, relative to controls. Mediation effect explained 57 and 45% of the effects on drunkenness and onset of monthly drunkenness, respectively. The programme effects on both parents' attitudes and youth drunkenness were similar across gender, immigrant status, parents' and peers' alcohol use and parent-youth relationship quality. CONCLUSIONS Increasing parents' restrictive attitudes to youth drinking appears to be an effective and robust strategy for reducing heavy underage drinking regardless of the adolescents' gender, cultural origin, peers' and parents' drinking and relationship quality with parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Metin Özdemir
- Centre for Developmental Research, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Nikolaus Koutakis
- External Relations, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pedersen W, Bakken A, von Soest T. Adolescents from affluent city districts drink more alcohol than others. Addiction 2015; 110:1595-604. [PMID: 26032427 DOI: 10.1111/add.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the level of alcohol consumption and problems among adolescents in city districts in Oslo, Norway with different socio-economic composition; to test whether differences in alcohol consumption are related to district differences in socio-demographic characteristics; and to analyse whether such associations remain significant after controlling for individual-level variables. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey using multi-level linear regression analyses with individual responses at the lowest level and city-district data at the highest level. SETTING Oslo, Norway. PARTICIPANTS A total of 6635 secondary school students, in 62 schools, living in 15 different city districts. MEASUREMENTS Frequency of alcohol consumption and alcohol intoxication; alcohol problems; and individual characteristics such as immigrant status, religious involvement and parental norms with regard to alcohol. Socio-economic indicators in city districts, such as education, income and unemployment, were combined into a district-level socio-economic index (DLSI). FINDINGS DLSI scores were related positively to alcohol use (r = 0.31, P < 0.01) and alcohol intoxication (r = 0.25, P < 0.01) but negatively to alcohol problems among alcohol users (r = -0.18, P < 0.01). DLSI scores remained significant for alcohol consumption and alcohol intoxication, after controlling for individual-level variables (P < 0.01), but this was not the case for alcohol problems. CONCLUSION Adolescents in affluent areas of Oslo, Norway report the highest levels of alcohol consumption and alcohol intoxication of all areas; neighbourhood characteristics such as education, income and unemployment levels seem to play a role in such drinking behaviour. Alcohol users in poorer districts reported more alcohol problems than those in other districts; however, here neighbourhood effects do not seem to play a role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willy Pedersen
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Bakken
- Norwegian Social Research, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tilmann von Soest
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and Norwegian Social Research, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sordo L, Indave B, Vallejo F, Belza M, Sanz-Barbero B, Rosales-Statkus M, Fernández-Balbuena S, Barrio G. Effect of country-of-origin contextual factors and length of stay on immigrants’ substance use in Spain. Eur J Public Health 2015; 25:930-6. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
21
|
Effect of immigration background and country-of-origin contextual factors on adolescent substance use in Spain. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 153:124-34. [PMID: 26094187 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of adolescent- and parental-birthplace and country-of-origin contextual factors on substance use among adolescents with recent immigrant background (ARIBs) are poorly understood. We aimed to assess these effects and identify the main mediating factors in Spain. METHODS Participants were 12,432 ARIBs (≥1 foreign-born parent) and 75,511 autochthonous adolescents from pooled 2006-2010 school surveys. Outcomes were prevalence of use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, stimulants and sedative-hypnotics. ARIBs were classified by adolescent birthplace (Spain/abroad), whether they had mixed-parents (one Spanish-born and one foreign-born), and country-of-origin characteristics. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and percent change expressing disparities in risk were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS Compared to autochthonous adolescents, foreign-born ARIBs without mixed-parents showed significant aPRs <1 for all substances, which generally approached 1 in Spanish-born ARIBs with mixed-parents. The main factors mediating ARIBs' lower risk were less frequent socialization in leisure environments and less association with peers who use such substances. ARIBs' lower risk depended more on country-of-origin characteristics and not having mixed-parents than being foreign-born. Tobacco, cannabis and stimulant use in ARIBs increased with increasing population use of these substances in the country-of-origin. ARIBs from the non-Muslim-regions had a lower risk of using alcohol and higher risk of using sedative-hypnotics than those from the Muslim-region. CONCLUSIONS Among ARIBs in Spain, parental transmission of norms and values could influence substance use as much as or more than exposure to the Spanish context. Future research should better assess effects of adolescent- and parental-birthplace and country-of-origin contextual factors on substance use.
Collapse
|
22
|
Svensson J, Andersson DE. What Role Do Changes in the Demographic Composition Play in the Declining Trends in Alcohol Consumption and the Increase of Non-drinkers Among Swedish Youth? A Time-series Analysis of Trends in Non-drinking and Region of Origin 1971-2012. Alcohol Alcohol 2015; 51:172-6. [PMID: 26133186 PMCID: PMC4755549 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Non-drinkers among youth in Sweden have increased markedly during the last 15 years. The aim of this study is to investigate the temporal association between region of origin among Swedish youth and rates of non-drinking. Data and method Data on non-drinkers were obtained from The Swedish Council on Information and Other drugs (CAN) yearly school surveys among Swedish ninth-grade students over the period 1971–2013. Annual data of region of origin for 1968–2012 has been compiled from Statistics Sweden (SCB) and consists of all 15-year-olds in Sweden and their region of birth; Sweden, The Nordic Countries, Europe, The Middle East and the rest of the world. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modelling was applied in order to estimate these associations. Results Descriptive results revealed a change in the demography of Swedish 15- to 16-year-olds. In the early 1990s 1% of Swedish 15- to 16–year-olds were born in a Middle East country, this proportion increased to 6% in 2012. Furthermore, those born in the rest of the world (non-European or non-Nordic countries) increased from 1% to almost 4%. Similarly, the trend of non-drinkers increased from about 20% to more than 40% among Swedish 15- to 16-year-olds during the same period. However, a more thorough analysis using ARIMA modelling revealed no significant association between rates of region of origin and non-drinking. Conclusion The marked increase in non-drinkers during the last 15 years is not associated to changes in the demographic composition, in terms of region of origin, among Swedish youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Svensson
- STAD, Stockholm Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm County Council Health Care Provision and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pedersen W, von Soest T. Adolescent Alcohol Use and Binge Drinking: An 18-Year Trend Study of Prevalence and Correlates. Alcohol Alcohol 2015; 50:219-25. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agu091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
24
|
Baron-Epel O, Bord S, Elias W, Zarecki C, Shiftan Y, Gesser-Edelsburg A. Alcohol consumption among Arabs in Israel: a qualitative study. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50:268-73. [PMID: 25295595 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2014.962051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Israeli society is a unique setting in which the Arabs are exposed to western alcohol consumption norms while living in Arab communities where alcohol consumption is not accepted. OBJECTIVES To characterize Arab Muslim, Druze and Christian alcohol consumption behaviors and contingencies while being exposed to western style alcohol consumption. METHODS This study was a phenomenological qualitative study interviewing six focus groups and 13 individual Arab Muslims, Christians and Druze. Themes and categories were identified using qualitative methodology analysis. RESULTS Two concurrent contingencies exist for Arab Muslim men: on the one hand they describe pressure to drink because of social norms, and on the other hand they are reprehended for drinking, because of the religious interdiction. Therefore, they hide their drinking in secluded places. In addition, participants reported more heavy drinking among Muslim Men. Arab Christians reported drinking openly especially among men. Women do not drink and are looked down upon if they drink. Drinking may be viewed as a stage in life that a Muslim boy or young man goes through, he is expected to grow out of this stage and stop drinking while becoming religious. Conclusions/importance: Due to Muslim laws prohibiting alcohol consumption, alcohol consumption is not high, however it does exist especially among young men and when they drink they tend to drink heavily, more than the Arab Christians. Therefore, there is a need for interventions targeting younger Muslim men, to establish moderate drinking behaviors, if they chose to drink.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orna Baron-Epel
- 1School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Voller F, Maccari F, Pepe P, Allamani A. Changing trends in European alcoholic beverage drinking: selected social, demographic, economic factors, drinking's related harms, and prevention control policies between the 1960s and 2000s. Subst Use Misuse 2014; 49:1515-30. [PMID: 25099313 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2014.914374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study confirms that during the decades following WW II there was a tendency towards closure of consumption of alcoholic beverages among the European countries. The Northern countries, which during the 1960s manifested the lowest rates of alcohol consumption, ended up with greater consumption rates than the Southern countries, manifested the opposite trend; greater amounts of consumptions in the 1960s and lower consumptions in the 2000s. During the same some period, social, demographic and economic indicators--urbanization, rate of elderly males, Income, female education, female employment and mother's age at their childbirths, tended to increase, while the alcoholic beverage control policy strategies showed differences according to the country. Liver disease-related mortality, decreased in most countries. Study limitations are noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Voller
- 1Regional Health Agency, Region of Tuscany , Florence , Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Adolfsen F, Strøm HK, Martinussen M, Natvig H, Eisemann M, Handegård BH, Koposov R. Early drinking onset: a study of prevalence and determinants among 13-year-old adolescents in Norway. Scand J Psychol 2014; 55:505-12. [PMID: 25070139 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Early drinking onset is associated with different psychosocial adjustment problems among adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess determinants associated with early drinking and to identify factors predicting early drinking onset among adolescents. The study included 1,550 eighth-graders with a mean age of 13.5 years from 41 schools. A total of 24% (boys 29%, girls 19%) had ever drunk alcohol, while 14% had drunk some alcohol in the last 30 days. Further, early drinking was associated with gender, religion, school performance, smoking and bullying in the bivariate tests. Predictors of early drinking onset were identified by generalized linear mixed models with two multivariable models created. The first model included social and environmental variables. Entering intentions, expectancies, attitudes and norms into the multivariable analysis resulted in a significant improvement of the model fit constituting 86% in the second model. The percentage correctly classified those (56%) who had been drinking in the second model which was two times higher compared to the first model. Gender, religion and smoking emerged as significant predictors of drinking in both models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frode Adolfsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Walsh SD, Djalovski A, Boniel-Nissim M, Harel-Fisch Y. Parental, peer and school experiences as predictors of alcohol drinking among first and second generation immigrant adolescents in Israel. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 138:39-47. [PMID: 24602362 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecological perspectives stress the importance of environmental predictors of adolescent alcohol use, yet little research has examined such predictors among immigrant adolescents. This study examines parental, peer and school predictors of alcohol drinking (casual drinking, binge drinking and drunkenness) among Israeli-born adolescents and first and second generation adolescent immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) and Ethiopia in Israel. METHODS The study uses data from the 2010 to 2011 Israeli Health Behaviors of School age Children (HBSC) survey and includes a representative sample of 3059 adolescents, aged 11-17. Differences between the groups for drinking were examined using Pearson's chi square. Logistic regression models were used to examine group specific predictors of drinking. RESULTS First generation FSU and both Ethiopian groups reported higher levels of binge drinking and drunkenness than Israeli-born adolescents. All immigrant groups reported lower levels of parental monitoring than native born adolescents; both first generation groups reported difficulties talking to parents; and first generation FSU and second generation Ethiopian adolescents reported greater time with friends. Group specific logistic regression models suggest that while parent, peer and school variables all predicted alcohol use among Israeli adolescents, only time spent with peers consistently predicted immigrant alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight specific vulnerability of first generation FSU and second generation Ethiopian adolescents to high levels of drinking and the salience of time spent with peers as predicting immigrant adolescent drinking patterns. They suggest that drinking patterns must be understood in relation to country of origin and immigration experience of a particular group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie D Walsh
- Bar Ilan University, Department of Criminology and the school of education, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
| | - Amir Djalovski
- Bar Ilan University, Department of Criminology and the school of education, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Meyran Boniel-Nissim
- Bar Ilan University, Department of Criminology and the school of education, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Yossi Harel-Fisch
- Bar Ilan University, Department of Criminology and the school of education, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Host society acculturation and health practices and outcomes in the United States: Public health policy and research implications worldwide. J Public Health Policy 2014; 35:278-91. [DOI: 10.1057/jphp.2014.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
29
|
Müller M, Kowalewski R, Metzler S, Stettbacher A, Rössler W, Vetter S. Associations between IQ and alcohol consumption in a population of young males: a large database analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:1993-2005. [PMID: 23443272 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-013-0666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at exploring the relationship between intelligence quotient (IQ) and alcohol consumption in a large sample of young males. This study explored whether IQ influences alcohol drinking and which pathways might be involved. We further hypothesized that IQ differences between lifetime abstainers and former drinkers exist, and that they primarily result from different group characteristics. METHOD Within a psychiatric-epidemiological survey using a cross-sectional design IQ-tests were administered to approximately 50,000 Swiss conscripts at age of about 20 years. The sample was divided into four alcohol consumption categories (rare, occasional, moderate and daily drinking) and two non-drinker categories (former drinking and lifetime abstinence). Probabilities for different levels of consumption or former drinking against lifetime abstention in relation to IQ were estimated using multinomial logistic regression. Models were adjusted for education, disability pension, tobacco/cannabis use, migration, parental alcohol disorders, and mental health. RESULTS After adjusting for confounders full-scale IQ displayed positive associations with being a rare (OR 1.13; CI 95 % 1.07-1.19), occasional (OR 1.41; CI 95 % 1.33-1.48), and moderate drinker (OR 1.53; CI 95 % 1.45-1.62), and negative associations with being a former drinker (OR 0.85; CI 95 % 0.79-0.93). Daily drinking was positively associated only with the performance subscale IQ (OR 1.12; CI 95 % 1.02-1.22). Confounders contributed significantly to the IQ-alcohol association and, therefore, highlight the distinction of non-drinkers into lifetime abstainers and former drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirmed the positive link between IQ and moderate drinking. Lower IQ in non-drinkers, however, seems to be related to earlier consumption and the presence of other risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Müller
- Centre for Disaster and Military Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Militärstrasse 8, 8021, Zurich, Switzerland,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Amundsen EJ. Low level of alcohol drinking among two generations of non-Western immigrants in Oslo: a multi-ethnic comparison. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:535. [PMID: 22824456 PMCID: PMC3438095 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol drinking is a risk factor for harm and disease. A low level of drinking among non-Western immigrants may lead to less alcohol-related harm and disease. The first aim of this study was to describe frequency of drinking in two generations of immigrants in Oslo, contrasting the result to drinking frequency among ethnic Norwegians. The second aim was to study how frequency of drinking among adult immigrants was associated with social interaction with their own countrymen and ethnic Norwegians, acculturation, age, gender, socioeconomic factors and the Muslim faith. Method The Oslo Health Study (HUBRO) was conducted during the period 2000 to 2002 and consisted of three separate surveys: a youth study (15-16-year-olds, a total of 7343 respondents, response rate 88.3%); adult cohorts from 30 to 75 years old (18,770 respondents, response rate 46%); the five largest immigrant groups in Oslo (aged 20–60 years, a total of 3019 respondents, response rate 39.7%). Based on these three surveys, studies of frequency of drinking in the previous year (four categories) were conducted among 15-16-year-olds and their parents’ generation, 30-60-year-old Iranians, Pakistanis, Turks and ethnic Norwegians. A structural equation model with drinking frequency as outcome was established for the adult immigrants. Results Adults and youth of ethnic Norwegian background reported more frequent alcohol use than immigrants with backgrounds from Iran, Turkey and Pakistan. Iranians reported a higher drinking frequency than Turks and Pakistanis. In the structural equation model high drinking frequency was associated with high host culture competence and social interaction, while high own culture competence was associated with low drinking frequency. Adult first-generation immigrants with a longer stay in Norway, those of a higher age, and females drank alcohol less frequently, while those with a higher level of education and work participation drank more frequently. Muslim immigrants reported a significantly lower drinking frequency than non-Muslims, although this did not apply to Iranians. Conclusions The existence and growth in Western societies of immigrant groups with low-level alcohol consumption contributed to a lower level of consumption at the population level. This may imply reduced drinking and alcohol-related harm and disease even among ethnic Norwegians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Amundsen
- SIRUS/Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, PO Box 565 Sentrum, Oslo NO 0105, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rasmi S, Chuang SS, Safdar S. The Relationship Between Perceived Parental Rejection and Adjustment for Arab, Canadian, and Arab Canadian Youth. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022111428172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined whether psychological well-being, life satisfaction, and risk behavior differed among European Canadian ( n = 147), Arab Canadian ( n = 129), and Arab youth in Egypt and Lebanon ( n = 131). Using parental acceptance-rejection theory, we also examined the strength of associations between perceived parental rejection and positive and negative outcomes for these youth. Our results suggested that European Canadian youth were less likely to perceive parental rejection and had higher life satisfaction than both Arab groups. However, although Arab Canadians and Arabs perceived more parental rejection than their European Canadian counterparts, it had less of an effect on their adjustment. We argued that culturally normative aspects of parent-youth relationships in Arab families may mitigate the effects of perceived parental rejection and that immigration may not exert a negative effect on Arab families in Canada. Instead, we suggested that researchers need to focus on the strengths of youth and families, rather than the negative effects of immigration and/or cultural group status.
Collapse
|
32
|
Spein AR, Melhus M, Kristiansen RE, Kvernmo SE. The influence of religious factors on drinking behavior among young indigenous Sami and non-Sami peers in northern Norway. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2011; 50:1024-1039. [PMID: 20182917 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-010-9335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that Laestadianism has contributed to the less drinking observed among indigenous Sami. This paper further investigates the bivariate protective influence of Sami ethnicity on youth drinking behavior using logistic regressions. We simultaneously controlled for the influence of religious revival movements (Laestadianism or evangelic) and religious importance (being personally Christian), in addition to socio-demographics and parental factors. Cross-sectional data from the 1994/95 North Norwegian Youth Study including 2,950 (675 Sami) 15-19 year-old high school students (RR: 85%) was used. Sami ethnicity was statistically significant for two out of six alcohol outcome measures, after adjustment for religiosity and other covariates, indicating less current drinking and party drinking. Religiousness was associated with higher youth and parental abstinence across ethnicities. Generally, stronger protective influences on drinking behavior were found for religious importance (being personally Christian) than religious affiliation (Laestadianism). The non-significance between Sami and non-Sami drinking may partly be explained by ethnic differences in religiosity, but also socio-demographics (e.g., residing in the Sami Highland) and parental factors (e.g., abstinence) contributed to such a result. Laestadianism`s profound impact on Sami culture, and its strong anti-alcohol norms may have contributed to a religious-socio-cultural context of abstinence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Spein
- Center for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Arfken CL, Arnetz BB, Fakhouri M, Ventimiglia MJ, Jamil H. Alcohol use among Arab Americans: what is the prevalence? J Immigr Minor Health 2011; 13:713-8. [PMID: 21279687 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-011-9447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Information is limited on alcohol use among Arab Americans. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the alcohol use pattern among Arab Americans by reviewing existing surveys using an acculturation model. Secondary data analysis. Nationally, English-speaking immigrant Arab Americans reported lower rates of lifetime alcohol use (50.8%), past month use (26.4%) and binge drinking (10%) than the White majority group. In a state survey, self-identified English-speaking Arab Americans were less likely to report past month use (45.6%) than the White majority group but reported similar rate of binge drinking (17.0%). Locally, lifetime drinking was reported by 46.2% of the immigrants but only 13.4% of refugees fleeing war. Few databases are available to estimate alcohol use pattern among Arab Americans; the limited data suggest a drinking pattern consistent with acculturation. However, the potential influence of other factors is unknown and needs to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Arfken
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, 2761 E, Jefferson, Detroit, MI 482017, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bayley M, Hurcombe R. Drinking patterns and alcohol service provision for different ethnic groups in the UK: a review of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5042/eihsc.2011.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
35
|
Dispensing of prescribed analgesics in Norway among young people with foreign-or Norwegian-born parents. Scand J Pain 2011; 2:36-44. [PMID: 29914000 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To examine and compare dispensing of prescribed analgesics between young people with parents from countries with a Muslim majority and those with parents born in Norway. Methods Our study-population constituted 11,542 adolescents from the Norwegian Youth Health Surveys conducted in 2000-2003. Users and non-users of prescribed analgesics at baseline were analysed separately. Self-reported information on their parents' birth country was used to classify them into one of the three predefined groups: Norway, countries with a Muslim majority or others. To study and compare dispensing of prescribed analgesics, data from the youth surveys were linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD) 2004-2007. Dispensed analgesics studied were antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products (non-steroid), opioids and other analgesics and antipyretics. Results Among non-users of prescribed analgesics at baseline, 34% of all males with parents born in Norway received prescribed analgesics at least once during 2004-2007, compared to 36% in the group with parents from countries with a Muslim majority. The proportions of females receiving prescribed analgesics were about 44% in both of the two previously mentioned groups. Among users of prescribed analgesics at baseline, the proportion of individuals who were dispensed prescribed analgesics in 2004-2007 was generally higher than for those that were non-users at baseline. Both males and females with parents from countries with a Muslim majority reported more pain compared to those with parents born in Norway. No statistical differences were detected between participants with parents from countries with a Muslim majority compared to those with parents born in Norway in terms of prescribed analgesics dispensed or total amount of analgesics dispensed in 2004-2007. For the dispensing of all analgesics in 2004-2007 the adjusted OR for having parents from countries with a Muslim majority compared to parents born in Norway was 1.02 (0.87-1.21) among non-users of prescribed analgesics at baseline and 0.82 (0.57-1.16) among users. Conclusions There were no differences in the dispensing of prescribed analgesics between young people with parents born in countries with a Muslim majority and those with parents born in Norway. Nor did the amount of prescribed analgesics differ between these groups.
Collapse
|
36
|
Allamani A, Voller F, Decarli A, Casotto V, Pantzer K, Anderson P, Gual A, Matrai S, Elekes Z, Eisenbach-Stangl I, Schmied G, Knibbe RA, Nordlund S, Skjælaaen Ø, Olsson B, Cisneros Örnberg J, Österberg E, Karlsson T, Plant M, Plant M, Miller P, Coghill N, Swiatkiewicz G, Wieczorek Ł, Annaheim B, Gmel G. Contextual determinants of alcohol consumption changes and preventive alcohol policies: a 12-country European study in progress. Subst Use Misuse 2011; 46:1288-303. [PMID: 21692604 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2011.572942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Beginning with France in the 1950s, alcohol consumption has decreased in Southern European countries with few or no preventive alcohol policy measures being implemented, while alcohol consumption has been increasing in Northern European countries where historically more restrictive alcohol control policies were in place, even though more recently they were loosened. At the same time, Central and Eastern Europe have shown an intermediate behavior. We propose that country-specific changes in alcohol consumption between 1960 and 2008 are explained by a combination of a number of factors: (1) preventive alcohol policies and (2) social, cultural, economic, and demographic determinants. This article describes the methodology of a research study designed to understand the complex interactions that have occurred throughout Europe over the past five decades. These include changes in alcohol consumption, drinking patterns and alcohol-related harm, and the actual determinants of such changes.
Collapse
|
37
|
Svensson M. Alcohol use and social interactions among adolescents in Sweden: Do peer effects exist within and/or between the majority population and immigrants? Soc Sci Med 2010; 70:1858-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
38
|
Gieling M, Vollebergh W, van Dorsselaer S. Ethnic density in school classes and adolescent mental health. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2010; 45:639-46. [PMID: 19655079 PMCID: PMC2874053 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-009-0105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study set out to examine the association between ethnic composition of school classes and prevalence of internalising and externalising problem behaviour among ethnic minority and majority students. METHODS Data were derived from the Dutch 2002 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional study with a total of 5,730 adolescents, aged 11-18 and attending secondary school, of which 931 belong to ethnic minority groups. The data were analysed using a multilevel regression model. RESULTS The study revealed that, after taking individual characteristics like age, gender, educational level and family affluence into account, ethnic minority students on average report higher levels of externalising but not internalising problems. Ethnic density on the level of school classes modified this difference, as a negative association between the proportion ethnic minority students in class and externalising problem behaviour was found, but only for ethnic minority students. No effect of ethnic composition was found with respect to internalising problem behaviour. CONCLUSION The data revealed that ethnic minority students report higher levels of externalising problem behaviour, but only in classes with a minority of ethnic minority students and not in classes with a culturally diverse composition. This points towards a possible beneficial effect of a more culturally diverse environment for minority students. Majority students appeared to be insensitive for the ethnic density effect. Future studies should investigate the role of the ethnic composition of the school class more in-depth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Gieling
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Wilma Vollebergh
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia van Dorsselaer
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Da Costakade 45, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Antecedents and covariates of alcohol consumption among Swiss male conscripts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2009; 6:958-70. [PMID: 19440426 PMCID: PMC2672399 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph6030958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate prevalence and correlates of alcohol consumption frequency in a sample of Swiss conscripts (n=25,611) in order to identify factors that predispose for frequent consumption. A self-report of drinking frequencies, as well as socio-demographic and psychosocial variables, was collected at psychiatric baseline screening. Based on univariate analyses, relevant variables were included in a multivariate multinomial logistic regression model. Six percent were abstainers, 15% reported rarely drinking, 53% occasional drinking, 24% regular drinking and 2% daily drinking. Except for substance use, most associations followed a “J”-shaped curve across the categories of alcohol frequency. Abstinence and frequent drinking can be perceived as deviations from the social norm. Both behaviors are associated with more psychosocial stressors and might be therefore special targets for further studies and new prevention programs.
Collapse
|
40
|
Allamani A, Innocenti FB, Innocenti A, Cipriani F, Voller F. Alcohol and tobacco consumption among Albanian immigrants in Florence. Subst Use Misuse 2009; 44:282-300. [PMID: 19142825 DOI: 10.1080/10826080802353287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to obtain information about both drinking and smoking, as well as about alcohol consumption-related problems, among Albanians who have immigrated to Florence, Italy, after the collapse of the Communist regime in 1990. Between October 2001 and January 2002, an opportunistic sample of 141 Albanians living in the city of Florence were interviewed about their alcohol and tobacco use, as well as about their drinking pattern and health problems Interviewees were mainly (81%) males, of an average age of 28, who had been living in Italy for the last 4 years; 92.9% drank alcoholic beverages, the preferred beverages were wine and liquor, and the average daily consumption was 39.5 grams of pure alcohol-males consumed 48.1 grams per day, which was 3.5 times more than a comparable sample of Florentine males. Also Albanians overtook Florentines in terms of the rate of smokers (49.6% vs. 39.6%) and of contact with the emergency rooms (24.1% vs. 0.37%). Such high amounts of alcohol intake may contribute to the reported high rates of accidents and acts of violence involving Albanians in Florence. Some hypotheses were discussed to explain such a high level of alcohol consumption, including the sociocultural change due to emigration. The study's limitations are noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allaman Allamani
- Alcohol Centre, Research Group, Florence Health Agency, Florence, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Grotvedt L, Stigum H, Hovengen R, Graff-Iversen S. Social differences in smoking and snuff use among Norwegian adolescents: a population based survey. BMC Public Health 2008; 8:322. [PMID: 18808660 PMCID: PMC2556338 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A change in pattern of tobacco use has been observed in the last decade in Norway. Snuff use and occasional smoking have to some degree replaced daily smoking among adolescents and young adults. Daily smoking is known to be negatively associated with social background factors, but little is known about these associations for other types of tobacco use. Our aim was to study different types of tobacco use among adolescents according to gender, educational ambitions, family background factors, and urbanization. METHODS Cross-sectional, school-based study with 15 931 participants and response-rate 87%, conducted among 15 and 16 year olds during 2000-2004. RESULTS More girls (33.8%) than boys (26.4%) were daily or occasional smokers, while more boys (21.4%) than girls (3.5%) were daily or occasional snuff users. Daily smoking was more common among adolescents planning vocational education, with single parents or poor family economy. Occasional smoking and snuff use (daily or occasionally) showed a similar, but less pronounced pattern regarding education and single parent families. Adolescents with parents from foreign countries were less likely to use tobacco. One exception was boys with parents from Muslim majority countries who had an increased risk of daily smoking. A typical combination user of both tobacco types was a Norwegian boy with divorced parents and ambitions to complete vocational studies or only one year of upper secondary school. CONCLUSION Tobacco use in adolescents is mainly associated with low educational ambitions and less affluent self-reported family economy. Adolescents with divorced parents use more tobacco than those living with both parents. Public health initiatives to avoid or reduce tobacco use should mainly target adolescents in vocational studies and those leaving school early.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liv Grotvedt
- Department of Health Statistics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
A Health Behaviour Cross-Sectional Study of Immigrants and Non-immigrants in a Swiss Urban General-Practice Setting. J Immigr Minor Health 2008; 12:24-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-008-9148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
43
|
Monshouwer K, Van Dorsselaer S, Van Os J, Drukker M, De Graaf R, Ter Bogt T, Verdurmen J, Vollebergh W. Ethnic composition of schools affects episodic heavy drinking only in ethnic-minority students. Addiction 2007; 102:722-9. [PMID: 17506149 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate if school-related contextual factors (school alcohol policy and school ethnic composition) explain episodic heavy drinking by individual students, while taking individual-level variables into account. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Data were derived from the 2003 Dutch National School Survey on Substance Use, a nationally representative cross-sectional study with a total of 7324 respondents aged 12-16 years. METHODS Student-level data were collected by written questionnaire administered in classroom settings, assessing alcohol and drug use as well as socio-demographic and behavioural variables. School-level data were gathered by written questionnaire completed by the school principal, assessing school policy on substance use and school compositional factors. The data were analysed using a multi-level logistic regression model. FINDINGS The study revealed an association between ethnic composition of the school and episodic heavy drinking: a relatively high percentage of ethnic minorities (10-30%) at the school was associated with a lower probability of episodic heavy drinking, but only in interaction with individual-level ethnicity. Thus, ethnic-minority students attending schools of high minority density had less risk of episodic heavy drinking (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.47-1.00). None of the school policy factors was associated with episodic heavy drinking. CONCLUSIONS Within a school context, peer modelling and reinforcement mechanisms can affect individual students' alcohol use, but a certain level of identification with the group and the resulting social control may be necessary. School policy seems to have no impact on students' alcohol use, possibly because students are faced with these only during special events, including school parties and excursions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Monshouwer
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Spein AR, Sexton H, Kvernmo S. Substance use in young indigenous Sami: an ethnocultural and longitudinal perspective. Subst Use Misuse 2007; 42:1379-400. [PMID: 17886138 DOI: 10.1080/10826080701211693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The cross-sectional and prospective influences of ethnocultural factors on substance use were explored among indigenous Sami in northern Norway. Longitudinal data was collected in 1994/95 (school-based survey; N = 675; RR: 85%; late adolescence: 15-19; 54% females) and 1997/98 (combined school-based and postal questionnaire study; N = 360; RR: 57%; young adulthood; 18-22; 62% females). When controlled for sociodemographics, logistic regression analyses indicated that favoring assimilation, residing in assimilated contexts, and having a weaker ethnic identity were associated with more drinking in late adolescence. Prospectively, favoring assimilation in late adolescence predicted the respondents' perception of excessive drinking in young adulthood. In late adolescence, the effect of assimilation on current smoking was moderated by living in an assimilated context and associated with stronger ethnic group identification. Prospectively, favoring assimilation in late adolescence predicted current smoking in young adulthood. Generally, less Sami oriented individuals were more likely to use substances. The implications and limitations of the findings along with recommendations for future research were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Spein
- Center for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|