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Shelake RM, Wagh SG, Patil AM, Červený J, Waghunde RR, Kim JY. Heat Stress and Plant-Biotic Interactions: Advances and Perspectives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2022. [PMID: 39124140 PMCID: PMC11313874 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Climate change presents numerous challenges for agriculture, including frequent events of plant abiotic stresses such as elevated temperatures that lead to heat stress (HS). As the primary driving factor of climate change, HS threatens global food security and biodiversity. In recent years, HS events have negatively impacted plant physiology, reducing plant's ability to maintain disease resistance and resulting in lower crop yields. Plants must adapt their priorities toward defense mechanisms to tolerate stress in challenging environments. Furthermore, selective breeding and long-term domestication for higher yields have made crop varieties vulnerable to multiple stressors, making them more susceptible to frequent HS events. Studies on climate change predict that concurrent HS and biotic stresses will become more frequent and severe in the future, potentially occurring simultaneously or sequentially. While most studies have focused on singular stress effects on plant systems to examine how plants respond to specific stresses, the simultaneous occurrence of HS and biotic stresses pose a growing threat to agricultural productivity. Few studies have explored the interactions between HS and plant-biotic interactions. Here, we aim to shed light on the physiological and molecular effects of HS and biotic factor interactions (bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, nematodes, insect pests, pollinators, weedy species, and parasitic plants), as well as their combined impact on crop growth and yields. We also examine recent advances in designing and developing various strategies to address multi-stress scenarios related to HS and biotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mahadev Shelake
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sopan Ganpatrao Wagh
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 60300, Czech Republic;
| | - Akshay Milind Patil
- Cotton Improvement Project, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth (MPKV), Rahuri 413722, India;
| | - Jan Červený
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 60300, Czech Republic;
| | - Rajesh Ramdas Waghunde
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Bharuch 392012, India;
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Nulla Bio Inc., Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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2
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Marmisolle FE, Borniego MB, Cambiagno DA, Gonzalo L, García ML, Manavella PA, Hernández C, Reyes CA. Citrus psorosis virus 24K protein inhibits the processing of miRNA precursors by interacting with components of the biogenesis machinery. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0351323. [PMID: 38785434 PMCID: PMC11218507 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03513-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. Virus infections in this crop can interfere with cellular processes, causing dramatic economic losses. By performing RT-qPCR analyses, we demonstrated that citrus psorosis virus (CPsV)-infected orange plants exhibited higher levels of unprocessed microRNA (miRNA) precursors than healthy plants. This result correlated with the reported reduction of mature miRNAs species. The protein 24K, the CPsV suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR), interacts with miRNA precursors in vivo. Thus, this protein becomes a candidate responsible for the increased accumulation of unprocessed miRNAs. We analyzed 24K RNA-binding and protein-protein interaction domains and described patterns of its subcellular localization. We also showed that 24K colocalizes within nuclear D-bodies with the miRNA biogenesis proteins DICER-LIKE 1 (DCL1), HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1 (HYL1), and SERRATE (SE). According to the results of bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation assays, the 24K protein interacts with HYL1 and SE. Thus, 24K may inhibit miRNA processing in CPsV-infected citrus plants by direct interaction with the miRNA processing complex. This work contributes to the understanding of how a virus can alter the regulatory mechanisms of the host, particularly miRNA biogenesis and function.IMPORTANCESweet oranges can suffer from disease symptoms induced by virus infections, thus resulting in drastic economic losses. In sweet orange plants, CPsV alters the accumulation of some precursors from the regulatory molecules called miRNAs. This alteration leads to a decreased level of mature miRNA species. This misregulation may be due to a direct association of one of the viral proteins (24K) with miRNA precursors. On the other hand, 24K may act with components of the cell miRNA processing machinery through a series of predicted RNA-binding and protein-protein interaction domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo E. Marmisolle
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B. Borniego
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damián A. Cambiagno
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lucia Gonzalo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María L. García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo A. Manavella
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carmen Hernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carina A. Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Li L, Chen J, Sun Z. Exploring the shared pathogenic strategies of independently evolved effectors across distinct plant viruses. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00058-1. [PMID: 38521726 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Plants have developed very diverse strategies to defend themselves against viral pathogens, among which plant hormones play pivotal roles. In response, some viruses have also deployed multifunctional viral effectors that effectively hijack key component hubs to counter or evade plant immune surveillance. Although significant progress has been made toward understanding counter-defense strategies that manipulate plant hormone regulatory molecules, these efforts have often been limited to an individual virus or specific host target/pathway. This review provides new insights into broad-spectrum antiviral responses in rice triggered by key components of phytohormone signaling, and highlights the common features of counter-defense strategies employed by distinct rice-infecting RNA viruses. These strategies involve the secretion of multifunctional virulence effectors that target the sophisticated phytohormone system, dampening immune responses by engaging with the same host targets. Additionally, the review provides an in-depth exploration of various viral effectors, emphasizing tertiary structure-based research and shared host targets. Understanding these conserved characteristics in detail may pave the way for molecular drug design, opening new opportunities to enhance broad-spectrum antiviral trials through precise engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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4
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Zhang L, Li Y, Kuhn JH, Zhang K, Song Q, Liu F. Polyubiquitylated rice stripe virus NS3 translocates to the nucleus to promote cytosolic virus replication via miRNA-induced fibrillin 2 upregulation. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012112. [PMID: 38507423 PMCID: PMC10984529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses are encapsidated mobile genetic elements that rely on host cells for replication. Several cytoplasmic RNA viruses synthesize proteins and/or RNAs that translocate to infected cell nuclei. However, the underlying mechanisms and role(s) of cytoplasmic-nuclear trafficking are unclear. We demonstrate that infection of small brown planthoppers with rice stripe virus (RSV), a negarnaviricot RNA virus, results in K63-linked polyubiquitylation of RSV's nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) at residue K127 by the RING ubiquitin ligase (E3) LsRING. In turn, ubiquitylation leads to NS3 trafficking from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where NS3 regulates primary miRNA pri-miR-92 processing through manipulation of the microprocessor complex, resulting in accumulation of upregulated miRNA lst-miR-92. We show that lst-miR-92 regulates the expression of fibrillin 2, an extracellular matrix protein, thereby increasing RSV loads. Our results highlight the manipulation of intranuclear, cytoplasmic, and extracellular components by an RNA virus to promote its own replication in an insect vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Plant Protection; Yángzhōu University; Yángzhōu, Jiāngsū Province; China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Plant Protection; Yángzhōu University; Yángzhōu, Jiāngsū Province; China
| | - Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick; Frederick, Maryland; United States of America
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection; Yángzhōu University; Yángzhōu, Jiāngsū Province; China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Science and Technology; College of Agriculture; Food and Natural Resources; University of Missouri; Columbia, Missouri; United States of America
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Plant Protection; Yángzhōu University; Yángzhōu, Jiāngsū Province; China
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5
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Wu J, Zhang Y, Li F, Zhang X, Ye J, Wei T, Li Z, Tao X, Cui F, Wang X, Zhang L, Yan F, Li S, Liu Y, Li D, Zhou X, Li Y. Plant virology in the 21st century in China: Recent advances and future directions. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:579-622. [PMID: 37924266 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses are a group of intracellular pathogens that persistently threaten global food security. Significant advances in plant virology have been achieved by Chinese scientists over the last 20 years, including basic research and technologies for preventing and controlling plant viral diseases. Here, we review these milestones and advances, including the identification of new crop-infecting viruses, dissection of pathogenic mechanisms of multiple viruses, examination of multilayered interactions among viruses, their host plants, and virus-transmitting arthropod vectors, and in-depth interrogation of plant-encoded resistance and susceptibility determinants. Notably, various plant virus-based vectors have also been successfully developed for gene function studies and target gene expression in plants. We also recommend future plant virology studies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Ye
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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6
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Li Q, Liu Y, Zhang X. Biomolecular condensates in plant RNA silencing: insights into formation, function, and stress responses. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:227-245. [PMID: 37772963 PMCID: PMC10827315 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are dynamic structures formed through diverse mechanisms, including liquid-liquid phase separation. These condensates have emerged as crucial regulators of cellular processes in eukaryotic cells, enabling the compartmentalization of specific biological reactions while allowing for dynamic exchange of molecules with the surrounding environment. RNA silencing, a conserved gene regulatory mechanism mediated by small RNAs (sRNAs), plays pivotal roles in various biological processes. Multiple types of biomolecular condensate, including dicing bodies, processing bodies, small interfering RNA bodies, and Cajal bodies, have been identified as key players in RNA silencing pathways. These biomolecular condensates provide spatial compartmentation for the biogenesis, loading, action, and turnover of small RNAs. Moreover, they actively respond to stresses, such as viral infections, and modulate RNA silencing activities during stress responses. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding of dicing bodies and other biomolecular condensates involved in RNA silencing. We explore their formation, roles in RNA silencing, and contributions to antiviral resistance responses. This comprehensive overview provides insights into the functional significance of biomolecular condensates in RNA silencing and expands our understanding of their roles in gene expression and stress responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- HainanYazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, China
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7
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Chen L, Liu Y, Li S, Ji Y, Sun F, Zou B. DICER-LIKE2 Plays a Crucial Role in Rice Stripe Virus Coat Protein-Mediated Virus Resistance in Arabidopsis. Viruses 2023; 15:2239. [PMID: 38005916 PMCID: PMC10675384 DOI: 10.3390/v15112239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus coat protein (CP)-mediated resistance is considered an effective antiviral defense strategy that has been used to develop robust resistance to viral infection. Rice stripe virus (RSV) causes significant losses in rice production in eastern Asia. We previously showed that the overexpression of RSV CP in Arabidopsis plants results in immunity to RSV infection, using the RSV-Arabidopsis pathosystem, and this CP-mediated viral resistance depends on the function of DCLs and is mostly involved in RNA silencing. However, the special role of DCLs in producing t-siRNAs in CP transgenic Arabidopsis plants is not fully understood. In this study, we show that RSV CP transgenic Arabidopsis plants with the dcl2 mutant background exhibited similar virus susceptibility to non-transgenic plants and were accompanied by the absence of transgene-derived small interfering RNAs (t-siRNAs) from the CP region. The dcl2 mutation eliminated the accumulation of CP-derived t-siRNAs, including those generated by other DCL enzymes. In contrast, we also developed RSV CP transgenic Arabidopsis plants with the dcl4 mutant background, and these CP transgenic plants showed immunity to virus infection and accumulated comparable amounts of CP-derived t-siRNAs to CP transgenic Arabidopsis plants with the wild-type background except for a significant increase in the abundance of 22 nt t-siRNA reads. Overall, our data indicate that DCL2 plays an essential, as opposed to redundant, role in CP-derived t-siRNA production and induces virus resistance in RSV CP transgenic Arabidopsis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yanan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Shuo Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yinghua Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Feng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Baohong Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
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8
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Sharma S, Sett S, Das T, Prasad A, Prasad M. Recent perspective of non-coding RNAs at the nexus of plant-pathogen interaction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107852. [PMID: 37356385 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
In natural habitats, plants are exploited by pathogens in biotrophic or necrotrophic ways. Concurrently, plants have evolved their defense systems for rapid perception of pathogenic effectors and begin concerted cellular reprogramming pathways to confine the pathogens at the entry sites. During the reorganization of cellular signaling mechanisms following pathogen attack, non-coding RNAs serves an indispensable role either as a source of resistance or susceptibility. Besides the well-studied functions of non-coding RNAs related to plant development and abiotic stress responses, previous and recent discoveries have established that non-coding RNAs like miRNAs, siRNAs, lncRNAs and phasi-RNAs can fine tune plant defense responses by targeting various signaling pathways. In this review, recapitulation of previous reports associated with non-coding RNAs as a defense responder against virus, bacteria and fungus attacks and insightful discussion will lead us to conceive innovative ideas to fight against approaching threats of resistant breaking pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susmita Sett
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India.
| | - Tuhin Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ashish Prasad
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
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9
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Gu X, Si F, Feng Z, Li S, Liang D, Yang P, Yang C, Yan B, Tang J, Yang Y, Li T, Li L, Zhou J, Li J, Feng L, Liu JY, Yang Y, Deng Y, Wu XN, Zhao Z, Wan J, Cao X, Song X, He Z, Liu J. The OsSGS3-tasiRNA-OsARF3 module orchestrates abiotic-biotic stress response trade-off in rice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4441. [PMID: 37488129 PMCID: PMC10366173 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent heat stress and pathogen invasion seriously threaten crop production, and abiotic stress often antagonizes biotic stress response against pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms of trade-offs between thermotolerance and defense remain obscure. Here, we identify a rice thermo-sensitive mutant that displays a defect in floret development under high temperature with a mutation in SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3a (OsSGS3a). OsSGS3a interacts with its homolog OsSGS3b and modulates the biogenesis of trans-acting small interfering RNA (tasiRNA) targeting AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (ARFs). We find that OsSGS3a/b positively, while OsARF3a/b and OsARF3la/lb negatively modulate thermotolerance. Moreover, OsSGS3a negatively, while OsARF3a/b and OsARF3la/lb positively regulate disease resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae). Taken together, our study uncovers a previously unknown trade-off mechanism that regulates distinct immunity and thermotolerance through the OsSGS3-tasiRNA-OsARF3 module, highlighting the regulation of abiotic-biotic stress response trade-off in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuyan Si
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxiang Feng
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Shunjie Li
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Di Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Tai Li
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Li
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Jinling Zhou
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Yun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanzhu Yang
- Department of Rice Breeding, Hunan Yahua Seed Scientific Research Institute, 410119, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Na Wu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xianwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junzhong Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China.
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10
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Kim H, Kawakubo S, Takahashi H, Masuta C. Two mutually exclusive evolutionary scenarios for allexiviruses that overcome host RNA silencing and autophagy by regulating viral CRP expression. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011457. [PMID: 37379324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Allexivirus currently includes eight virus species that infect allium plants. Previously, we showed that there are two distinct groups of allexiviruses (deletion [D]-type and insertion [I]-type) based on the presence or absence of a 10- to 20-base insert (IS) between the coat protein (CP) and cysteine rich protein (CRP) genes. In the present study of CRPs to analyze their functions, we postulated that evolution of allexiviruses may have been largely directed by CRPs and thus proposed two evolutionary scenarios for allexiviruses based mainly on the presence or absence of IS and determined by how the allexiviruses challenge host resistance mechanisms (RNA silencing and autophagy). We found that both CP and CRP are RNA silencing suppressors (RSS), that they can inhibit each other's RSS activity in the cytoplasm, and that CRP becomes a target of host autophagy in the cytoplasm but not CP. To mitigate CRP interference with CP, and to increase the CP's RSS activity, allexiviruses developed two strategies: confinement of D-type CRP in the nucleus and degradation of I-type CRP by autophagy in the cytoplasm. Here, we demonstrate that viruses of the same genus achieve two completely different evolutionary scenarios by controlling expression and subcellular localization of CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangil Kim
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shusuke Kawakubo
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruna Takahashi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chikara Masuta
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Sapporo, Japan
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11
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Zhao W, Wang L, Li L, Zhou T, Yan F, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Andika IB, Sun L. Coat protein of rice stripe virus enhances autophagy activity through interaction with cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, a negative regulator of plant autophagy. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:3. [PMID: 37676568 PMCID: PMC10441990 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection commonly induces autophagy, leading to antiviral responses or conversely, promoting viral infection or replication. In this study, using the experimental plant Nicotiana benthamiana, we demonstrated that the rice stripe virus (RSV) coat protein (CP) enhanced autophagic activity through interaction with cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GAPC2), a negative regulator of plant autophagy that binds to an autophagy key factor, autophagy-related protein 3 (ATG3). Competitive pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP)assays showed that RSV CP activated autophagy by disrupting the interaction between GAPC2 and ATG3. An RSV CP mutant that was unable to bind GAPC2 failed to disrupt the interaction between GAPC2 and ATG3 and therefore lost its ability to induce autophagy. RSV CP enhanced the autophagic degradation of a viral movement protein (MP) encoded by a heterologous virus, citrus leaf blotch virus (CLBV). However, the autophagic degradation of RSV-encoded MP and RNA-silencing suppressor (NS3) proteins was inhibited in the presence of CP, suggesting that RSV CP can protect MP and NS3 against autophagic degradation. Moreover, in the presence of MP, RSV CP could induce the autophagic degradation of a remorin protein (NbREM1), which negatively regulates RSV infection through the inhibition of viral cell-to-cell movement. Overall, our results suggest that RSV CP induces a selective autophagy to suppress the antiviral factors while protecting RSV-encoded viral proteins against autophagic degradation through an as-yet-unknown mechanism. This study showed that RSV CP plays dual roles in the autophagy-related interaction between plants and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 312362, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Ida Bagus Andika
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Liying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Silencing suppressor protein PRT of rice tungro bacilliform virus interacts with the plant RNA silencing-related protein SGS3. Virology 2023; 581:71-80. [PMID: 36921478 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) is a double stranded DNA containing virus which causes the devastating tungro disease of rice in association with an RNA virus, rice tungro spherical virus. RNA silencing is an evolutionarily conserved antiviral defence pathway in plants as well as in several classes of higher organisms. Many viruses, in turn, encode proteins which are termed Viral Suppressor of RNA Silencing (VSR) because they downregulate or suppress RNA silencing. RESULTS Using an RNA silencing suppressor assay we show that RTBV protease (PRT) acts as a mild VSR. A truncated version of PRT gene abolished the silencing suppression activity. We also show in planta interaction of PRT with the SGS3 protein of Solanum tuberosum and Arabidopsis thaliana using bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay (BIFC). Transient expression of PRT in Nicotiana benthamiana caused an increased accumulation of the begomovirus Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) DNA-A, which indicated a virulence function imparted on an unrelated virus. CONCLUSION The finding supports the idea that PRT acts as suppressor of RNA silencing and this action may be mediated by its interaction with SGS3.
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13
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Kil EJ, Kim D. The small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) as a vector of the rice stripe virus. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21992. [PMID: 36575628 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus, is a destructive pest insect found in rice fields. L. striatellus not only directly feeds on the phloem sap of rice but also transmits various viruses, such as rice stripe virus (RSV) and rice black-streaked dwarf virus, resulting in serious loss of rice production. RSV is a rice-infecting virus that is found mainly in Korea, China, and Japan. To develop novel strategies to control L. striatellus and L. striatellus-transmitted viruses, various studies have been conducted, based on vector biology, interactions between vectors and pathogens, and omics, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. In this review, we discuss the roles of saliva proteins during phloem sap-sucking and virus transmission, the diversity and role of the microbial community in L. striatellus, the profile and molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance, classification of L. striatellus-transmitted RSV, its host range and symptoms, its genome composition and roles of virus-derived proteins, its distribution, interactions with L. striatellus, and resistance and control, to suggest future directions for integrated pest management to control L. striatellus and L. striatellus-transmitted viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghun Kim
- Department of Entomology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Vector Entomology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Invertebrate Vector, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
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14
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Liu L, Wang H, Fu Y, Tang W, Zhao P, Ren Y, Liu Z, Wu K, Zhang X. Turnip crinkle virus-encoded suppressor of RNA silencing interacts with Arabidopsis SGS3 to enhance virus infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:154-166. [PMID: 36433724 PMCID: PMC9831285 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Most plant viruses encode suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) to protect themselves from antiviral RNA silencing in host plants. The capsid protein (CP) of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) is a well-characterized VSR, whereas SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3 (SGS3) is an important plant-encoded component of the RNA silencing pathways. Whether the VSR activity of TCV CP requires it to engage SGS3 in plant cells has yet to be investigated. Here, we report that TCV CP interacts with SGS3 of Arabidopsis in both yeast and plant cells. The interaction was identified with the yeast two-hybrid system, and corroborated with bimolecular fluorescence complementation and intracellular co-localization assays in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. While multiple partial TCV CP fragments could independently interact with SGS3, its hinge domain connecting the surface and protruding domains appears to be essential for this interaction. Conversely, SGS3 enlists its N-terminal domain and the XS rice gene X and SGS3 (XS) domain as the primary CP-interacting sites. Interestingly, SGS3 appears to stimulate TCV accumulation because viral RNA levels of a TCV mutant with low VSR activities decreased in the sgs3 knockout mutants, but increased in the SGS3-overexpressing transgenic plants. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing TCV CP exhibited developmental abnormalities that resembled sgs3 knockout mutants and caused similar defects in the biogenesis of trans-acting small interfering RNAs. Our data suggest that TCV CP interacts with multiple RNA silencing pathway components that include SGS3, as well as previously reported DRB4 (dsRNA-binding protein 4) and AGO2 (ARGONAUTE protein 2), to achieve efficient suppression of RNA silencing-mediated antiviral defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan ProvinceHainan Institute for Tropical Agriculture ResourcesHaikouChina
- School of Biological and Geographical SciencesYili Normal UniversityYiliChina
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan ProvinceHainan Institute for Tropical Agriculture ResourcesHaikouChina
| | - Yan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan ProvinceHainan Institute for Tropical Agriculture ResourcesHaikouChina
| | - Wen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan ProvinceHainan Institute for Tropical Agriculture ResourcesHaikouChina
| | - Pingjuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan ProvinceHainan Institute for Tropical Agriculture ResourcesHaikouChina
| | - Yanli Ren
- School of Biological and Geographical SciencesYili Normal UniversityYiliChina
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan ProvinceHainan Institute for Tropical Agriculture ResourcesHaikouChina
| | - Kunxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan ProvinceHainan Institute for Tropical Agriculture ResourcesHaikouChina
| | - Xiuchun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan ProvinceHainan Institute for Tropical Agriculture ResourcesHaikouChina
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15
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Zhang X, Wan Q, Rui P, Lu Y, Sun Z, Chen J, Wang Y, Yan F. Rice stripe virus p2 protein interacts with ATG5 and is targeted for degradation by autophagy. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1191403. [PMID: 37187544 PMCID: PMC10175675 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1191403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy can be induced by viral infection and plays antiviral roles in plants, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In our previous reports, we have demonstrated that the plant ATG5 plays an essential role in activating autophagy in rice stripe virus (RSV)-infected plants. We also showed that eIF4A, a negative factor of autophagy, interacts with and inhibits ATG5. We here found that RSV p2 protein interacts with ATG5 and can be targeted by autophagy for degradation. Expression of p2 protein induced autophagy and p2 protein was shown to interfere with the interaction between ATG5 and eIF4A, while eIF4A had no effect on the interaction between ATG5 and p2. These results indicate an additional information on the induction of autophagy in RSV-infected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Zhang
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qionglian Wan
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Penghuan Rui
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Jianping Chen,
| | - Yunyue Wang
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunyue Wang,
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Yan,
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16
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Li L, Zhang H, Yang Z, Wang C, Li S, Cao C, Yao T, Wei Z, Li Y, Chen J, Sun Z. Independently evolved viral effectors convergently suppress DELLA protein SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum antiviral immunity in rice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6920. [PMID: 36376330 PMCID: PMC9663503 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses adopt diverse virulence strategies to inhibit host antiviral defense. However, general antiviral defense directly targeted by different types of plant viruses have rarely been studied. Here, we show that the single rice DELLA protein, SLENDER RICE 1 (SLR1), a master negative regulator in Gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway, is targeted by several different viral effectors for facilitating viral infection. Viral proteins encoded by different types of rice viruses all directly trigger the rapid degradation of SLR1 by promoting association with the GA receptor OsGID1. SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum resistance was subverted by these independently evolved viral proteins, which all interrupted the functional crosstalk between SLR1 and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. This decline of JA antiviral further created the advantage of viral infection. Our study reveals a common viral counter-defense strategy in which different types of viruses convergently target SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum resistance to benefit viral infection in the monocotyledonous crop rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Hehong Zhang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Zihang Yang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Chen Wang
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Shanshan Li
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Chen Cao
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Tongsong Yao
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Zhongyan Wei
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Yanjun Li
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Jianping Chen
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
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17
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Wang P, Liu J, Lyu Y, Huang Z, Zhang X, Sun B, Li P, Jing X, Li H, Zhang C. A Review of Vector-Borne Rice Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102258. [PMID: 36298813 PMCID: PMC9609659 DOI: 10.3390/v14102258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major staple foods for global consumption. A major roadblock to global rice production is persistent loss of crops caused by plant diseases, including rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial blight, and particularly various vector-borne rice viral diseases. Since the late 19th century, 19 species of rice viruses have been recorded in rice-producing areas worldwide and cause varying degrees of damage on the rice production. Among them, southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) and rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) in Asia, rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) in Africa, and rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV) in America currently pose serious threats to rice yields. This review systematizes the emergence and damage of rice viral diseases, the symptomatology and transmission biology of rice viruses, the arm races between viruses and rice plants as well as their insect vectors, and the strategies for the prevention and control of rice viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianjian Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agronomy, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yajing Lyu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Co-Construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ziting Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengbai Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinxin Jing
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Gong Q, Wang Y, Jin Z, Hong Y, Liu Y. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of RNAi-related gene expression during plant-virus interactions. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:33. [PMID: 37676459 PMCID: PMC10441928 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants encounter diverse invasions from pathogens including viruses. To survive and thrive, plants have evolved multilayered defense mechanisms to combat virus infection. RNAi, also known as RNA silencing, is an across-kingdom innate immunity and gene regulatory machinery. Molecular framework and crucial roles of RNAi in antiviral defense have been well-characterized. However, it is largely unknown that how RNAi is transcriptionally regulated to initiate, maintain and enhance cellular silencing under normal or stress conditions. Recently, insights into the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of RNAi-related genes in different physiological processes have been emerging. In this review, we integrate these new findings to provide updated views on how plants modulate RNAi machinery at the (post-) transcriptional level to respond to virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunjing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenhui Jin
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Chen L, Chen P, Li S, Jiang M, Zhang H, Chen L, Huang X, Chen Y, Sun L, Dong P, Lin P, Wu Y. Crystal Structure of the Disease-Specific Protein of Rice Stripe Virus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8469-8480. [PMID: 35771952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rice stripe virus (RSV) is responsible for devastating effects in East Asian rice-producing areas. The disease-specific protein (SP) level in rice plants determines the severity of RSV symptoms. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays confirmed the interaction between an R3H domain-containing host factor, OsR3H3, and RSV SP in vitro and in vivo. This study determined the crystal structure of SP at 1.71 Å. It is a monomer with a clear shallow groove to accommodate host factors. Docking OsR3H3 into the groove generates an SP/OsR3H3 complex, which provides insights into the protein-binding mechanism of SP. Furthermore, SP's protein-binding properties and model-defined recognition residues were assessed using mutagenesis, ITC, and BiFC assays. This study revealed the structure and preliminary protein interaction mechanisms of RSV SP, shedding light on the molecular mechanism underlying the development of RSV infection symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Chen
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Chen
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meiqin Jiang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiqing Chen
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayu Chen
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Sun
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Dong
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingdong Lin
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunkun Wu
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
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20
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Li Y, Zhu L, Gao J, Ma H, Li C, Song Y, Zhu X, Zhu C. Silencing suppressors of rice black-streaked dwarf virus and rice stripe virus hijack the 26S proteasome of Laodelphax striatellus to facilitate virus accumulation and transmission. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2940-2951. [PMID: 35439336 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is transmitted by small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus [L. striatellus]) and causes devastating disease in rice. P9-1 has silencing suppression activity and is the key protein for viroplasm formation in RBSDV-infected plants and insects; however, its exact function is poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, the P9-1 of RBSDV interacted with L. striatellus 26S proteasome subunit RPN8. RBSDV accumulation in L. striatellus increased after the 26S proteasome was disrupted by silencing the RPN8 expression. This finding indicated that L. striatellus 26S proteasome played a defense role against RBSDV infection by regulating RBSDV accumulation. Further investigations revealed that P9-1 could competitively bind to RPN8 with RPN7, thereby disrupting the assembly of 26S proteasome in L. striatellus and promoting the infection of RBSDV in insect vectors, and further affecting the transmission of the virus to rice by insect vectors. Similar to P9-1, rice stripe virus (RSV) NS2, a weak silencing suppressor, regulated virus accumulation and transmission by hijacking RPN8 to interfere with the function of 26S proteasome in L. striatellus. CONCLUSION These results suggest that viruses promote their own infection via interfering with ubiquitination pathway of insect vectors, and this mechanism might be of universal importance. These findings provide a new insight into the mechanism of virus transmission in insect vectors. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Lifei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Changyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Yunzhi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Changxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
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21
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Yang Z, Zhang H, Tan X, Wei Z, Wen C, Sun Z, Sun B, Chen J. Insights Into the Effect of Rice Stripe Virus P2 on Rice Defense by Comparative Proteomic Analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:897589. [PMID: 35747367 PMCID: PMC9209781 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.897589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) has a serious effect on rice production. Our previous research had shown that RSV P2 plays important roles in RSV infection, so in order to further understand the effect of P2 on rice, we used Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics experimental system to analyze the changes of protein in transgenic rice expressing P2 for the first time. The results of proteomics showed that a total of 4,767 proteins were identified, including 198 up-regulated proteins and 120 down-regulated proteins. Functional classification results showed that differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly localized in chloroplasts and mainly involved in the metabolic pathways. Functional enrichment results showed that DEPs are mainly involved in RNA processing and splicing. We also verified the expression of several DEPs at the mRNA level and the interaction of a transcription factor (B7EPB8) with RSV P2. This research is the first time to use proteomics technology to explore the mechanism of RSV infection in rice with the RSV P2 as breakthrough point. Our findings provide valuable information for the study of RSV P2 and RSV infection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhongyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Caiyi Wen
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bingjian Sun,
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Jianping Chen,
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22
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Chen J, Zheng L, Shi X, Zhang S, Tan X, Zhao X, Lu B, Ye Q, Miao S, Liu Y, Zhang D. The nonstructural protein NSs encoded by tomato zonate spot virus suppresses RNA silencing by interacting with NbSGS3. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:707-719. [PMID: 35184365 PMCID: PMC8995058 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) are encoded by diverse viruses to counteract the RNA silencing-mediated defence mounted by the virus-infected host cells. In this study, we identified the NSs protein encoded by tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV) as a potent VSR, and used a potato virus X (PVX)-based heterologous expression system to demonstrate TZSV NSs as a viral pathogenicity factor that intensified PVX symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana. We then used a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify the suppressor of gene silencing 3 protein of N. benthamiana (NbSGS3), a known component of the plant RNA silencing pathway, as an interaction partner of TZSV NSs. We verified this interaction in plant cells with bimolecular fluorescence complementation, subcellular colocalization, and co-immunoprecipitation. We further revealed that the NSs-NbSGS3 interaction correlated with the VSR activity of TZSV NSs. TZSV NSs reduced the concentration of NbSGS3 protein in plant cells, probably through the ubiquitination and autophagy pathways. Interestingly, TZSV infection, but not NSs overexpression, significantly up-regulated the NbSGS3 transcript levels. Our data indicate that TZSV NSs suppresses RNA silencing of the host plant and enhances TZSV pathogenicity through its interaction with NbSGS3. This study reveals a novel molecular mechanism of NSs-mediated suppression of plant host antiviral defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Chen
- Longping BranchGraduate School of Hunan UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Plant Protection InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Limin Zheng
- Longping BranchGraduate School of Hunan UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Plant Protection InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Xiaobin Shi
- Longping BranchGraduate School of Hunan UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Plant Protection InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Longping BranchGraduate School of Hunan UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Plant Protection InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Xinqiu Tan
- Longping BranchGraduate School of Hunan UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Plant Protection InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Xingyue Zhao
- Hunan Plant Protection InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Bingxin Lu
- Hunan Plant Protection InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Qian Ye
- Hunan Plant Protection InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Shuyue Miao
- Hunan Plant Protection InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Yong Liu
- Longping BranchGraduate School of Hunan UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Plant Protection InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Deyong Zhang
- Longping BranchGraduate School of Hunan UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Plant Protection InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaChina
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23
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Jin L, Chen M, Xiang M, Guo Z. RNAi-Based Antiviral Innate Immunity in Plants. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020432. [PMID: 35216025 PMCID: PMC8875485 DOI: 10.3390/v14020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple antiviral immunities were developed to defend against viral infection in hosts. RNA interference (RNAi)-based antiviral innate immunity is evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes and plays a vital role against all types of viruses. During the arms race between the host and virus, many viruses evolve viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) to inhibit antiviral innate immunity. Here, we reviewed the mechanism at different stages in RNAi-based antiviral innate immunity in plants and the counteractions of various VSRs, mainly upon infection of RNA viruses in model plant Arabidopsis. Some critical challenges in the field were also proposed, and we think that further elucidating conserved antiviral innate immunity may convey a broad spectrum of antiviral strategies to prevent viral diseases in the future.
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24
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Liu Q, Yan T, Tan X, Wei Z, Li Y, Sun Z, Zhang H, Chen J. Genome-Wide Identification and Gene Expression Analysis of the OTU DUB Family in Oryza sativa. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020392. [PMID: 35215984 PMCID: PMC8878984 DOI: 10.3390/v14020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian tumor domain (OTU)-containing deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are an essential DUB to maintain protein stability in plants and play important roles in plant growth development and stress response. However, there is little genome-wide identification and analysis of the OTU gene family in rice. In this study, we identified 20 genes of the OTU family in rice genome, which were classified into four groups based on the phylogenetic analysis. Their gene structures, conserved motifs and domains, chromosomal distribution, and cis elements in promoters were further studied. In addition, OTU gene expression patterns in response to plant hormone treatments, including SA, MeJA, NAA, BL, and ABA, were investigated by RT-qPCR analysis. The results showed that the expression profile of OsOTU genes exhibited plant hormone-specific expression. Expression levels of most of the rice OTU genes were significantly changed in response to rice stripe virus (RSV), rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), and Rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV). These results suggest that the rice OTU genes are involved in diverse hormone signaling pathways and in varied responses to virus infection, providing new insights for further functional study of OsOTU genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.L.); (T.Y.); (X.T.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Tingyun Yan
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.L.); (T.Y.); (X.T.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Xiaoxiang Tan
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.L.); (T.Y.); (X.T.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhongyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Yanjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Hehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.L.); (T.Y.); (X.T.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (J.C.)
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25
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Small RNAs Participate in Plant-Virus Interaction and Their Application in Plant Viral Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020696. [PMID: 35054880 PMCID: PMC8775341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs are significant regulators of gene expression, which play multiple roles in plant development, growth, reproductive and stress response. It is generally believed that the regulation of plants’ endogenous genes by small RNAs has evolved from a cellular defense mechanism for RNA viruses and transposons. Most small RNAs have well-established roles in the defense response, such as viral response. During viral infection, plant endogenous small RNAs can direct virus resistance by regulating the gene expression in the host defense pathway, while the small RNAs derived from viruses are the core of the conserved and effective RNAi resistance mechanism. As a counter strategy, viruses evolve suppressors of the RNAi pathway to disrupt host plant silencing against viruses. Currently, several studies have been published elucidating the mechanisms by which small RNAs regulate viral defense in different crops. This paper reviews the distinct pathways of small RNAs biogenesis and the molecular mechanisms of small RNAs mediating antiviral immunity in plants, as well as summarizes the coping strategies used by viruses to override this immune response. Finally, we discuss the current development state of the new applications in virus defense based on small RNA silencing.
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26
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Li F, Wang A. Transient Expression-Mediated Gene Silencing in Plants and Suppression of Gene Silencing with Viral Suppressors. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2400:33-41. [PMID: 34905188 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1835-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) also known as RNA silencing or RNA interference is an evolutionarily conserved innate immunity in eukaryotes that targets the complementary RNA sequences to slice/degrade the target RNA or repress the translation of mRNA. In the past two decades, RNA silencing as an important antiviral mechanism has been studied extensively in plants. Intriguingly, almost every virus encodes at least a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) to counterattack RNA silencing with many strategies to interfere with different steps of RNA silencing. Therefore, the molecular identification of VSRs and elucidation of their functional mechanisms contribute to a better understanding of host resistance and viral pathogenicity. Here, we describe a protocol for the transient expression-induced gene silencing in 16c GFP transgenic and wild type Nicotiana benthamiana plants, and the suppression of single-stranded GFP and double-stranded GFP induced RNA silencing with a VSR in N. benthamiana plants. This protocol is simple and can serve as a standard for the identification and functional analysis of a VSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
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27
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Xu Y, Fu S, Tao X, Zhou X. Rice stripe virus: Exploring Molecular Weapons in the Arsenal of a Negative-Sense RNA Virus. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 59:351-371. [PMID: 34077238 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-113020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice stripe disease caused by Rice stripe virus (RSV) is one of the most devastating plant viruses of rice and causes enormous losses in production. RSV is transmitted from plant to plant by the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) in a circulative-propagative manner. The recent reemergence of this pathogen in East Asia since 2000 has made RSV one of the most studied plant viruses over the past two decades. Extensive studies of RSV have resulted in substantial advances regarding fundamental aspects of the virus infection. Here, we compile and analyze recent information on RSV with a special emphasis on the strategies that RSV has adopted to establish infections. These advances include RSV replication and movement in host plants and the small brown planthopper vector, innate immunity defenses against RSV infection, epidemiology, and recent advances in the management of rice stripe disease. Understanding these issues will facilitate the design of novel antiviral therapies for management and contribute to a more detailed understanding of negative-sense virus-host interactions at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuai Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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28
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Xiao Y, Li Q, Wang W, Fu Y, Cui F. Regulation of RNA Interference Pathways in the Insect Vector Laodelphax striatellus by Viral Proteins of Rice Stripe Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:1591. [PMID: 34452456 PMCID: PMC8402809 DOI: 10.3390/v13081591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), especially the small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) pathways, plays an important role in defending against viruses in plants and insects. However, how insect-transmitted phytoviruses regulate the RNAi-mediated antiviral response in vector insects has barely been uncovered. In this study, we explored the interaction between rice stripe virus (RSV) and the miRNA and siRNA pathways of the small brown planthopper, which is a vector insect. The transcript and protein levels of key genes in the two RNAi pathways did not change during the RSV infection process. When the expression of insect Ago1, Ago2, or Translin was silenced by the injection of double-stranded RNAs targeting these genes, viral replication was promoted with Ago2 silencing but inhibited with Translin silencing. Protein-protein binding assays showed that viral NS2 and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase interacted with insect Ago2 and Translin, respectively. When NS2 was knocked down, the transcript level of Ago2 increased and viral replication was inhibited. Therefore, viral NS2 behaved like an siRNA suppressor in vector insects. This protein-binding regulation of insect RNAi systems reflects a complicated and diverse coevolution of viruses with their vector insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (Y.X.); (Q.L.); (W.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (Y.X.); (Q.L.); (W.W.)
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (Y.X.); (Q.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Yumei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China;
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (Y.X.); (Q.L.); (W.W.)
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Feng M, Li L, Cheng R, Yuan Y, Dong Y, Chen M, Guo R, Yao M, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Wu J, Ding XS, Zhou X, Tao X. Development of a Mini-Replicon-Based Reverse-Genetics System for Rice Stripe Tenuivirus. J Virol 2021; 95:e0058921. [PMID: 33952642 PMCID: PMC8223943 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00589-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative-stranded RNA (NSR) viruses include both animal- and plant-infecting viruses that often cause serious diseases in humans and livestock and in agronomic crops. Rice stripe tenuivirus (RSV), a plant NSR virus with four negative-stranded/ambisense RNA segments, is one of the most destructive rice pathogens in many Asian countries. Due to the lack of a reliable reverse-genetics technology, molecular studies of RSV gene functions and its interaction with host plants are severely hampered. To overcome this obstacle, we developed a mini-replicon-based reverse-genetics system for RSV gene functional analysis in Nicotiana benthamiana. We first developed a mini-replicon system expressing an RSV genomic RNA3 enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter [MR3(-)eGFP], a nucleocapsid (NP), and a codon usage-optimized RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRpopt). Using this mini-replicon system, we determined that RSV NP and RdRpopt are indispensable for the eGFP expression from MR3(-)eGFP. The expression of eGFP from MR3(-)eGFP can be significantly enhanced in the presence of four viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs), NSs, and P19-HcPro-γb. In addition, NSvc4, the movement protein of RSV, facilitated eGFP trafficking between cells. We also developed an antigenomic RNA3-based replicon in N. benthamiana. However, we found that the RSV NS3 coding sequence acts as a cis element to regulate viral RNA expression. Finally, we made mini-replicons representing all four RSV genomic RNAs. This is the first mini-replicon-based reverse-genetics system for monocot-infecting tenuivirus. We believe that the mini-replicon system described here will allow studies of the RSV replication, transcription, cell-to-cell movement, and host machinery underpinning RSV infection in plants. IMPORTANCE Plant-infecting segmented negative-stranded RNA (NSR) viruses are grouped into three genera: Orthotospovirus, Tenuivirus, and Emaravirus. Reverse-genetics systems have been established for members of the genera Orthotospovirus and Emaravirus. However, there is still no reverse-genetics system available for Tenuivirus. Rice stripe virus (RSV) is a monocot-infecting tenuivirus with four negative-stranded/ambisense RNA segments. It is one of the most destructive rice pathogens and causes significant damage to the rice industry in Asian countries. Due to the lack of a reliable reverse-genetics system, molecular characterizations of RSV gene functions and the host machinery underpinning RSV infection in plants are extremely difficult. To overcome this obstacle, we developed a mini-replicon-based reverse-genetics system for RSV in Nicotiana benthamiana. This is the first mini-replicon-based reverse-genetics system for tenuivirus. We consider that this system will provide researchers a new working platform to elucidate the molecular mechanisms dictating segmented tenuivirus infections in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruixiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minglong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Yao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Shun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Bolus S, Braithwaite KS, Grinstead SC, Fuentes-Bueno I, Beiriger R, Falk BW, Mollov D. Completion of Maize Stripe Virus Genome Sequence and Analysis of Diverse Isolates. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:684599. [PMID: 34194416 PMCID: PMC8238005 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.684599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize stripe virus is a pathogen of corn and sorghum in subtropical and tropical regions worldwide. We used high-throughput sequencing to obtain the complete nucleotide sequence for the reference genome of maize stripe virus and to sequence the genomes of ten additional isolates collected from the United States or Papua New Guinea. Genetically, maize stripe virus is most closely related to rice stripe virus. We completed and characterized the RNA1 sequence for maize stripe virus, which revealed a large open reading frame encoding a putative protein with ovarian tumor-like cysteine protease, endonuclease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains. Phylogenetic and amino acid identity analyses among geographically diverse isolates revealed evidence for reassortment in RNA3 that was correlated with the absence of RNA5. This study yielded a complete and updated genetic description of the tenuivirus maize stripe virus and provided insight into potential mechanisms underpinning its diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bolus
- National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | | | - Samuel C Grinstead
- National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Irazema Fuentes-Bueno
- National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Robert Beiriger
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL, United States
| | - Bryce W Falk
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dimitre Mollov
- National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
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Decle-Carrasco S, Rodríguez-Zapata LC, Castano E. Plant viral proteins and fibrillarin: the link to complete the infective cycle. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4677-4686. [PMID: 34036480 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between viruses with the nucleolus is already a well-defined field of study in plant virology. This interaction is not restricted to those viruses that replicate in the nucleus, in fact, RNA viruses that replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm express proteins that localize in the nucleolus. Some positive single stranded RNA viruses from animals and plants have been reported to interact with the main nucleolar protein, Fibrillarin. Among nucleolar proteins, Fibrillarin is an essential protein that has been conserved in sequence and function throughout evolution. Fibrillarin is a methyltransferase protein with more than 100 methylation sites in the pre-ribosomal RNA, involved in multiple cellular processes, including initiation of transcription, oncogenesis, and apoptosis, among others. Recently, it was found that AtFib2 shows a ribonuclease activity. In plant viruses, Fibrillarin is involved in long-distance movement and cell-to-cell movement, being two highly different processes. The mechanism that Fibrillarin performs is still unknown. However, and despite belonging to very different viral families, the majority comply with the following. (1) They are positive single stranded RNA viruses; (2) encode different types of viral proteins that partially localize in the nucleolus; (3) interacts with Fibrillarin exporting it to the cytoplasm; (4) the viral protein-Fibrillarin interaction forms an RNP complex with the viral RNA and; (5) Fibrillarin depletion affects the infective cycle of the virus. Here we review the relationship of those plant viruses with Fibrillarin interaction, with special focus on the molecular processes of the virus to sequester Fibrillarin to complete its infective cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Decle-Carrasco
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Luis Carlos Rodríguez-Zapata
- Unidad de Biotecnología. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Enrique Castano
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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Kormelink R, Verchot J, Tao X, Desbiez C. The Bunyavirales: The Plant-Infecting Counterparts. Viruses 2021; 13:842. [PMID: 34066457 PMCID: PMC8148189 DOI: 10.3390/v13050842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative-strand (-) RNA viruses (NSVs) comprise a large and diverse group of viruses that are generally divided in those with non-segmented and those with segmented genomes. Whereas most NSVs infect animals and humans, the smaller group of the plant-infecting counterparts is expanding, with many causing devastating diseases worldwide, affecting a large number of major bulk and high-value food crops. In 2018, the taxonomy of segmented NSVs faced a major reorganization with the establishment of the order Bunyavirales. This article overviews the major plant viruses that are part of the order, i.e., orthospoviruses (Tospoviridae), tenuiviruses (Phenuiviridae), and emaraviruses (Fimoviridae), and provides updates on the more recent ongoing research. Features shared with the animal-infecting counterparts are mentioned, however, special attention is given to their adaptation to plant hosts and vector transmission, including intra/intercellular trafficking and viral counter defense to antiviral RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kormelink
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanmarie Verchot
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
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33
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Decle-Carrasco S, Rodríguez-Zapata LC, Castano E. Plant viral proteins and fibrillarin: the link to complete the infective cycle. Mol Biol Rep 2021. [PMID: 34036480 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06401-1/tables/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between viruses with the nucleolus is already a well-defined field of study in plant virology. This interaction is not restricted to those viruses that replicate in the nucleus, in fact, RNA viruses that replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm express proteins that localize in the nucleolus. Some positive single stranded RNA viruses from animals and plants have been reported to interact with the main nucleolar protein, Fibrillarin. Among nucleolar proteins, Fibrillarin is an essential protein that has been conserved in sequence and function throughout evolution. Fibrillarin is a methyltransferase protein with more than 100 methylation sites in the pre-ribosomal RNA, involved in multiple cellular processes, including initiation of transcription, oncogenesis, and apoptosis, among others. Recently, it was found that AtFib2 shows a ribonuclease activity. In plant viruses, Fibrillarin is involved in long-distance movement and cell-to-cell movement, being two highly different processes. The mechanism that Fibrillarin performs is still unknown. However, and despite belonging to very different viral families, the majority comply with the following. (1) They are positive single stranded RNA viruses; (2) encode different types of viral proteins that partially localize in the nucleolus; (3) interacts with Fibrillarin exporting it to the cytoplasm; (4) the viral protein-Fibrillarin interaction forms an RNP complex with the viral RNA and; (5) Fibrillarin depletion affects the infective cycle of the virus. Here we review the relationship of those plant viruses with Fibrillarin interaction, with special focus on the molecular processes of the virus to sequester Fibrillarin to complete its infective cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Decle-Carrasco
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Luis Carlos Rodríguez-Zapata
- Unidad de Biotecnología. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Enrique Castano
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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34
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Chen C, Li Y, Zhang H, Ma Q, Wei Z, Chen J, Sun Z. Genome-Wide Analysis of the RAV Transcription Factor Genes in Rice Reveals Their Response Patterns to Hormones and Virus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050752. [PMID: 33922971 PMCID: PMC8146320 DOI: 10.3390/v13050752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAV family is part of the B3 superfamily and is one of the most abundant transcription factor families in plants. Members have highly conserved B3 or AP2 DNA binding domains. Although the RAV family genes of several species have been systematically identified from genome-wide studies, there has been no comprehensive study to identify rice RAV family genes. Here, we identified 15 genes of the RAV family in the rice genome and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, conserved domains, and chromosomal distribution. Based on domain similarity and phylogenetic topology, rice RAV transcription factors were phylogenetically clustered into four groups. qRT-PCR analyses showed that expression of these RAV genes was significantly up-regulated or down-regulated by plant hormone treatments, including BL, NAA, IAA, MeJA, and SA. Most of the rice RAV genes were dramatically down-regulated in response to rice stripe virus (RSV) and mostly up-regulated in response to Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV). These results suggest that the rice RAV genes are involved in diverse signaling pathways and in varied responses to virus infection.
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35
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Zhang X, Sun K, Liang Y, Wang S, Wu K, Li Z. Development of Rice Stripe Tenuivirus Minireplicon Reverse Genetics Systems Suitable for Analyses of Viral Replication and Intercellular Movement. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:655256. [PMID: 33833749 PMCID: PMC8021733 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.655256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV), a tenuivirus with four negative-sense/ambisense genome segments, is one of the most devastating viral pathogens affecting rice production in many Asian countries. Despite extensive research, our understanding of RSV infection cycles and pathogenesis has been severely impaired by the lack of reverse genetics tools. In this study, we have engineered RSV minireplicon (MR)/minigenome cassettes with reporter genes substituted for the viral open reading frames in the negative-sense RNA1 or the ambisense RNA2-4 segments. After delivery to Nicotiana benthamiana leaves via agroinfiltration, MR reporter gene expression was detected only when the codon-optimized large viral RNA polymerase protein (L) was coexpressed with the nucleocapsid (N) protein. MR activity was also critically dependent on the coexpressed viral suppressors of RNA silencing, but ectopic expression of the RSV-encoded NS3 silencing suppressor drastically decreased reporter gene expression. We also developed intercellular movement-competent MR systems with the movement protein expressed either in cis from an RNA4-based MR or in trans from a binary plasmid. Finally, we generated multicomponent replicon systems by expressing the N and L proteins directly from complementary-sense RNA1 and RNA3 derivatives, which enhanced reporter gene expression, permitted autonomous replication and intercellular movement, and reduced the number of plasmids required for delivery. In summary, this work enables reverse genetics analyses of RSV replication, transcription, and cell-to-cell movement and provides a platform for engineering more complex recombinant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Bizabani C, Rogans SJ, Rey MEC. Differential miRNA profiles in South African cassava mosaic virus-infected cassava landraces reveal clues to susceptibility and tolerance to cassava mosaic disease. Virus Res 2021; 303:198400. [PMID: 33753179 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Specific miRNA families are involved in susceptibility or antiviral immunity in plants. Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava) is a perennial plant that is an important food security crop in sub-Saharan Africa. Cassava is susceptible to several begomoviruses that cause cassava mosaic disease (CMD). In this study, we investigated the leaf miRNAome response in a tolerant (TME3) and susceptible (T200) cassava landrace challenged with South African cassava mosaic virus. RNAseq was performed on leaf samples at 12, 32 and 67 days post infection (dpi), representing early, symptomatic and late persistent stages of CMD infection. Significantly, distinct profiles of conserved miRNA family expression between the T200 and TME3 landraces at the three infection stages were observed. Notably at 12 days post SACMV infection, TME3 exhibited significant downregulation (log2fold<2.0) of 42 %, compared to 9% in T200, of the conserved miRNA families. This demonstrates an overall early response to SACMV in TME3 prior to symptom appearance not observed in T200, and expression of a large cohort of miRNA-regulated genes. Notably, at early infection, downregulation of mes-miR162 and 168 that target antiviral posttransriptional gene silencing (PTGS) regulators DCL1 and AGO1, respectively, was observed in TME3, and AGO1 and DCL1 expression was higher compared to T200 post infection. Early rapid responses prior to symptom development, including RNA silencing, may be key to establishing the tolerance/recovery phenotype exhibited by TME3 landrace later on at 67 dpi. At recovery, TME3 was hallmarked by a highly significant down-regulation of mes-miR167. MiR167 targets an auxin responsive factor which plays a role in auxin signaling and adaptive responses to stress, suggesting the importance of the auxin signaling in recovery of SACMV-induced symptoms. The gene targets of these miRNAs and their associated networks may provide clues to the molecular basis of CMD tolerance in perennial hosts such as cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bizabani
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sarah Jane Rogans
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marie Emma Chrissie Rey
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Arora K, Rai AK, Devanna BN, Dubey H, Narula A, Sharma TR. Deciphering the role of microRNAs during Pi54 gene mediated Magnaporthe oryzae resistance response in rice. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:633-647. [PMID: 33854289 PMCID: PMC7981355 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The broad-spectrum resistance gene Pi54 confers resistance to multiple isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae in rice. In order to decipher the molecular mechanism underlying the Pi54 mediated resistance in rice line Taipei309 Pi54 (carrying Pi54), miRNAome study was performed at 24 h post-inoculation (hpi) with M. oryzae. A total of 222 known miRNAs representing 101 miRNA families were found in this study. Of these, 29 and 24 miRNAs were respectively up- and down-regulated in the resistant Taipei309 Pi54 . Defence response (DR) genes, like, NBSGO35, and OsWAK129b, and genes related to transcription factors were up-regulated in Taipei309 Pi54 line. The vast array of miRNA candidates identified here are miR159c, miR167c, miR2100, miR2118o, miR2118l, miR319a, miR393, miR395l, miR397a, miR397b, miR398, miR439g, miR531b, miR812f, and miR815c, and they manifest their role in balancing the interplay between various DR genes during Pi54 mediated resistance. We also validated miRNA/target gene pairs involved in hormone signalling, and cross-talk among hormone pathways regulating the rice immunity. This study suggests that the Pi54 gene mediated blast resistance is influenced by several microRNAs through PTI and ETI components in the rice line Taipei309 Pi54 , leading to incompatible host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Arora
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012 India
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - B. N. Devanna
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012 India
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006 India
| | - Himanshu Dubey
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Alka Narula
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012 India
- Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, 110 001 India
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Zhao S, Wu Y, Wu J. Arms race between rice and viruses: a review of viral and host factors. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 47:38-44. [PMID: 33530035 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Much is known about the molecular interactions between positive-strand RNA viruses and dicotyledon plants. However, many important viral pathogens of the monocotyledon rice crop contain negative-strand or double-strand RNA genomes. Recent studies have shown that virus-derived small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs), host microRNAs and phytohormones regulate antiviral responses in rice plants and that rice-infecting RNA viruses encode a diverse repertoire of multifunctional proteins with counter-defensive activities. Moreover, the interactions between viral virulence proteins and host susceptibility factors also shape the virus-rice arms race. This review will focus on these recent advances and discuss strategies and challenges in the translation of discoveries made on molecular virus-rice interactions into practical virus control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhao
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuansheng Wu
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Jiang L, Lu Y, Zheng X, Yang X, Chen Y, Zhang T, Zhao X, Wang S, Zhao X, Song X, Zhang X, Peng J, Zheng H, Lin L, MacFarlane S, Liu Y, Chen J, Yan F. The plant protein NbP3IP directs degradation of Rice stripe virus p3 silencing suppressor protein to limit virus infection through interaction with the autophagy-related protein NbATG8. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1036-1051. [PMID: 32898938 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In plants, autophagy is involved in responses to viral infection. However, the role of host factors in mediating autophagy to suppress viruses is poorly understood. A previously uncharacterized plant protein, NbP3IP, was shown to interact with p3, an RNA-silencing suppressor protein encoded by Rice stripe virus (RSV), a negative-strand RNA virus. The potential roles of NbP3IP in RSV infection were examined. NbP3IP degraded p3 through the autophagy pathway, thereby affecting the silencing suppression activity of p3. Transgenic overexpression of NbP3IP conferred resistance to RSV infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. RSV infection was promoted in ATG5- or ATG7-silenced plants and was inhibited in GAPC-silenced plants where autophagy was activated, confirming the role of autophagy in suppressing RSV infection. NbP3IP interacted with NbATG8f, indicating a potential selective autophagosomal cargo receptor role for P3IP. Additionally, the rice NbP3IP homolog (OsP3IP) also mediated p3 degradation and interacted with OsATG8b and p3. Through identification of the involvement of P3IP in the autophagy-mediated degradation of RSV p3, we reveal a new mechanism to antagonize the infection of RSV, and thereby provide the first evidence that autophagy can play an antiviral role against negative-strand RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiyin Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xijiao Song
- Public Lab, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Stuart MacFarlane
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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Sun F, Hu P, Wang W, Lan Y, Du L, Zhou Y, Zhou T. Rice Stripe Virus Coat Protein-Mediated Virus Resistance Is Associated With RNA Silencing in Arabidopsis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:591619. [PMID: 33281789 PMCID: PMC7691420 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.591619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) causes rice stripe disease, which is one of the most serious rice diseases in eastern Asian countries. It has been shown that overexpression of RSV coat protein (CP) in rice plants enhances resistance against virus infection. However, the detailed mechanism underlying RSV CP-mediated virus resistance remains to be determined. In this study, we show that both translatable and non-translatable RSV CP transgenic Arabidopsis plants exhibited immunity to virus infection. By using deep sequencing analysis, transgene-derived small interfering RNAs (t-siRNAs) from non-translatable CP transgenic plants and virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) mapping in the CP region from RSV-infected wild-type plants showed similar sequence distribution patterns, except for a significant increase in the abundance of t-siRNA reads compared with that of CP-derived vsiRNAs. To further test the correlation of t-siRNAs with RSV immunity, we developed RSV CP transgenic Arabidopsis plants in an siRNA-deficient dcl2/3/4 mutant background, and these CP transgenic plants showed the same sensitivity to RSV infection as non-transgenic plants. Together, our data indicate that the expression of RSV CP protein from a transgene is not a prerequisite for virus resistance and RSV CP-mediated resistance is mostly associated with the RNA silencing mechanism in Arabidopsis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Lan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlin Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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41
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Zheng L, Hong P, Guo X, Li Y, Xie L. Rice stripe virus p2 Colocalizes and Interacts with Arabidopsis Cajal Bodies and Its Domains in Plant Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5182164. [PMID: 32685498 PMCID: PMC7317325 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5182164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
p2 of rice stripe virus may translocate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and recruit nucleolar functions to promote virus systemic movement. Cajal bodies (CBs) are nuclear components associated with the nucleolus, which play a major role in plant virus infection. Coilin, a marker protein of CBs, is essential for CB formation and function. Coilin contains three domains, the N-terminal, the center, and the C-terminal fragments. Using yeast two-hybrid, colocalization, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) approaches, we show that p2 interacts with the full-length of Arabidopsis thaliana coilin (Atcoilin), the center and C-terminal domain of Atcoilin in the nucleus. Moreover, the N-terminal is indispensable for Atcoilin to interact with Cajal bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Pengxiang Hong
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaonan Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li Xie
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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42
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Zhang H, Li L, He Y, Qin Q, Chen C, Wei Z, Tan X, Xie K, Zhang R, Hong G, Li J, Li J, Yan C, Yan F, Li Y, Chen J, Sun Z. Distinct modes of manipulation of rice auxin response factor OsARF17 by different plant RNA viruses for infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9112-9121. [PMID: 32253321 PMCID: PMC7183187 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918254117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant auxin response factor (ARF) transcription factors are an important class of key transcriptional modulators in auxin signaling. Despite the well-studied roles of ARF transcription factors in plant growth and development, it is largely unknown whether, and how, ARF transcription factors may be involved in plant resistance to pathogens. We show here that two fijiviruses (double-stranded RNA viruses) utilize their proteins to disturb the dimerization of OsARF17 and repress its transcriptional activation ability, while a tenuivirus (negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus) directly interferes with the DNA binding activity of OsARF17. These interactions impair OsARF17-mediated antiviral defense. OsARF17 also confers resistance to a cytorhabdovirus and was directly targeted by one of the viral proteins. Thus, OsARF17 is the common target of several very different viruses. This suggests that OsARF17 plays a crucial role in plant defense against different types of plant viruses, and that these viruses use independently evolved viral proteins to target this key component of auxin signaling and facilitate infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
| | - Lulu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310021 Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Changhai Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
| | - Zhongyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
| | - Kaili Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
| | - Ruifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310021 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310021 Hangzhou, China
| | - Junmin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310021 Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China;
| | - Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China;
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Zhang C, Chen D, Yang G, Yu X, Wu J. Rice Stripe Mosaic Virus-Encoded P4 Is a Weak Suppressor of Viral RNA Silencing and Is Required for Disease Symptom Development. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:412-422. [PMID: 31841359 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-19-0239-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) are a cluster of viral proteins that have evolved to counteract eukaryotic antiviral RNA silencing pathways, thereby contributing to viral pathogenicity. In this study, we revealed that the matrix protein P4 encoded by rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV), which is an emerging cytoplasmic rhabdovirus, is a weak RNA silencing suppressor. By conducting yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and subcellular colocalization assays, we proved that P4 interacts with the rice endogenous suppressor of gene silencing 3 (OsSGS3). We also determined that P4 overexpression has no effect on OsSGS3 transcription. However, P4 can promote the degradation of OsSGS3 via ubiquitination and autophagy. Additionally, a potato virus X-based expression system was used to confirm that P4 enhances the development of mosaic symptoms on Nicotiana benthamiana leaves by promoting hydrogen peroxide accumulation but not cell death. To verify whether P4 is a pathogenicity factor in host plants, we generated transgenic P4-overexpressing rice plants that exhibited disease-related developmental defects including decreased plant height and excessive tillering. Our data suggest that RSMV-encoded P4 serves as a weak VSR that inhibits antiviral RNA silencing by targeting OsSGS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Guoyi Yang
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiyuan Yu
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Xu M, Mazur MJ, Tao X, Kormelink R. Cellular RNA Hubs: Friends and Foes of Plant Viruses. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:40-54. [PMID: 31415225 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-19-0161-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RNA granules are dynamic cellular foci that are widely spread in eukaryotic cells and play essential roles in cell growth and development, and immune and stress responses. Different types of granules can be distinguished, each with a specific function and playing a role in, for example, RNA transcription, modification, processing, decay, translation, and arrest. By means of communication and exchange of (shared) components, they form a large regulatory network in cells. Viruses have been reported to interact with one or more of these either cytoplasmic or nuclear granules, and act either proviral, to enable and support viral infection and facilitate viral movement, or antiviral, protecting or clearing hosts from viral infection. This review describes an overview and recent progress on cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA granules and their interplay with virus infection, first in animal systems and as a prelude to the status and current developments on plant viruses, which have been less well studied on this thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena J Mazur
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Richard Kormelink
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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45
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Marmisolle FE, Arizmendi A, Ribone A, Rivarola M, García ML, Reyes CA. Up-regulation of microRNA targets correlates with symptom severity in Citrus sinensis plants infected with two different isolates of citrus psorosis virus. PLANTA 2019; 251:7. [PMID: 31776669 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION: miRNA targets from Citrus sinensis are predicted and validated using degradome data. They show an up-regulation upon infection with CPsV, with a positive correlation between target expression and symptom severity. Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) may suffer from disease symptoms induced by virus infections, thus resulting in drastic economic losses. Infection of sweet orange plants with two isolates of citrus psorosis virus (CPsV), expressing different symptomatologies, alters the accumulation of a set of endogenous microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we predicted ten putative targets from four down-regulated miRNAs: three belonging to the CCAAT-binding transcription factor family (CBFAs); an Ethylene-responsive transcription factor (RAP2-7); an Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein (AP2B); Transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1); GRR1-like protein 1-related (GRR1); Argonaute 2-related (AGO2), Argonaute 7 (AGO7), and a long non-coding RNA (ncRNA). We validated six of them through analysis of leaf degradome data. Expressions of the validated targets increase in infected samples compared to healthy tissue, showing a more striking up-regulation those samples with higher symptom severity. This study contributes to the understanding of the miRNA-mediated regulation of important transcripts in Citrus sinensis through target validation and shed light in the manner a virus can alter host regulatory mechanisms leading to symptom expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo E Marmisolle
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Calles 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ailín Arizmendi
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Calles 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Ribone
- IABiMo, Conicet-INTA, CICVyA-INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Máximo Rivarola
- IABiMo, Conicet-INTA, CICVyA-INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María L García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Calles 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina A Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Calles 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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46
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RNA-Targeted Antiviral Immunity: More Than Just RNA Silencing. Trends Microbiol 2019; 27:792-805. [PMID: 31213342 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RNA silencing is a fundamental, evolutionarily conserved mechanism that regulates gene expression in eukaryotes. It also functions as a primary immune defense in microbes, such as viruses in plants. In addition to RNA silencing, RNA decay and RNA quality-control pathways are also two ancestral forms of intrinsic antiviral immunity, and the three RNA-targeted pathways may operate cooperatively for their antiviral function. Plant viruses encode viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) to suppress RNA silencing and facilitate virus infection. In response, plants may activate a counter-counter-defense mechanism to cope with VSR-mediated RNA silencing suppression. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of RNA silencing, RNA decay, and RNA quality control in antiviral defense, and highlight the mechanisms by which viruses compromise RNA-targeted immunity for their infection and survival in plants.
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47
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Yang X, Guo W, Li F, Sunter G, Zhou X. Geminivirus-Associated Betasatellites: Exploiting Chinks in the Antiviral Arsenal of Plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:519-529. [PMID: 31003895 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Betasatellites are a diverse group of circular single-stranded DNA satellites frequently associated with begomoviruses belonging to the family Geminiviridae. Challenged with a geminivirus-betasatellite infection, plants have employed sophisticated defense mechanisms to protect themselves. Betasatellites, in turn, employ mechanisms to antagonize these plant antiviral pathways. In this review, we focus on the anti-geminiviral immune pathways present both in plants and whiteflies. We also outline the counter-defensive strategies deployed by betasatellites to overcome the host defenses and initiate a successful infection. Finally, we discuss the outcomes of the opposing forces of plant immunity and betasatellite-mediated antagonism in the context of an evolutionary arms race. Understanding of the molecular dialog between plants and betasatellites will likely allow for the development of novel antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Garry Sunter
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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48
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Zhao W, Wang Q, Xu Z, Liu R, Cui F. Distinct replication and gene expression strategies of the Rice Stripe virus in vector insects and host plants. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:877-888. [PMID: 30990404 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent propagative plant viruses are usually transmitted between a vector insect and a host plant. To adapt to the two different organisms, viruses may show distinct genomic replication or gene expression patterns. To verify this hypothesis, we applied an aboslute real-time quantitative PCR method to measure and compare the replication levels of four genomic RNA segments and the expression levels of seven genes of rice stripe virus (RSV) according to the infection time in the small brown planthopper and rice plant, respectively. In the vector insect, RNA3 began replicating later than the other segments, and RNA2 remained nearly constant during the infection process. RNA1 was the dominant segment, and a difference of over 300-fold appeared among the four segments. In rice plants, the size of the four segments increased with infection time, but decreased to a low level in the late infection period. The ratios of the four segments varied by no more than 15-fold. In planthoppers, three expression patterns were observed for the seven viral genes during viral infection, while in rice plants, the expression patterns of the seven viral genes were similar. These results reflect distinct genomic replication and gene expression patterns in a persistent propagative plant virus in adapting to vector insects and host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Qianshuo Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- 2Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Zhongtian Xu
- 3Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, PR China
- 4University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Renyi Liu
- 5College of Horticulture and FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Feng Cui
- 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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49
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Prasad A, Sharma N, Muthamilarasan M, Rana S, Prasad M. Recent advances in small RNA mediated plant-virus interactions. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:587-601. [PMID: 30947560 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1597830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNA) are reported to play pivotal roles in the epigenetic and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression during growth, development, and stress response in plants. Recently, the involvement of two different classes of sRNAs namely, miRNAs (microRNAs), and siRNAs (small interfering RNAs) in biotic stress response has been underlined. Notably, during virus infection, these sRNAs deploy antiviral defense by regulating the gene expression of the modulators of host defense pathways. As a counter defense, viruses have evolved strategic pathways involving the production of suppressors that interfere with the host silencing machinery. This molecular arms race between the sophisticated gene regulatory mechanism of host plants fine-tuned by sRNAs and the defense response exhibited by the virus has gained much attention among the researchers. So far, several reports have been published showing the mechanistic insights on sRNA-regulated defense mechanism in response to virus infection in several crop plants. In this context, our review enumerates the molecular mechanisms underlying host immunity against viruses mediated by sRNAs, the counter defense strategies employed by viruses to surpass this immunogenic response and the advances made in our understanding of plant-virus interactions. Altogether, the report would be insightful for the researchers working to decode the sRNA-mediated defense response in crop plants challenged with virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Prasad
- a National Institute of Plant Genome Research , New Delhi , India
| | - Namisha Sharma
- a National Institute of Plant Genome Research , New Delhi , India
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- a National Institute of Plant Genome Research , New Delhi , India.,b ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology , New Delhi , India
| | - Sumi Rana
- a National Institute of Plant Genome Research , New Delhi , India.,b ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology , New Delhi , India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- a National Institute of Plant Genome Research , New Delhi , India
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Yang Z, Li Y. Dissection of RNAi-based antiviral immunity in plants. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 32:88-99. [PMID: 30388659 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-based antiviral defense is a small RNA-dependent repression mechanism of plants to against viruses. Although the core components of antiviral RNAi are well known, it is unclear whether additional factors exist that regulate RNAi. Recently, a forward genetic screen identified two novel components of antiviral RNAi, providing important insights into the antiviral RNAi mechanism. Meanwhile, it was discovered that microRNAs make important contributions to host antiviral RNAi. On the other hand, to counteract host antiviral RNAi, most viruses encode viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs). Recent studies have revealed the multiple functions of VSRs and the intricate interactions between plant hosts and viruses. These findings add to our knowledge of the sophisticated host antiviral defense mechanism in plants. Ongoing molecular functional studies will improve our understanding of the co-evolutionary arms race between viruses and plants, and thereby provide key information for the development of plant antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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