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Biniszewska O, Jacenik D, Tarasiuk A, Fichna J. Current and future pharmacotherapies for the management of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:1039-1049. [PMID: 38856704 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2366993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder affecting 9-23% of the world's population, with a higher prevalence among women. IBS is a complex disorder influenced by psychosocial, physiological, and genetic factors, exacerbated by stress. AREAS COVERED Research confirms that the most common subtype of IBS is IBS-C. Therefore, new therapies are being developed to speed up bowel movement and reduce constipation, with drugs such as linaclotide, plecanatide, lubiprostone, or tegaserod available to reduce IBS-C symptoms. In addition, patients' condition is improved by foods rich in fiber and low in FODMAP and the use of biotics. EXPERT OPINION The topic is of great importance due to the growing number of patients suffering from IBS-C and its significant impact on quality of life. Current clinical trials of new therapeutic options are not too successful, and it seems that one of the plausible treatment options could be the multi-drug cocktail with some, or perhaps even all its ingredients emerging from drug re-purposing. Another important path that needs to be explored further in IBS-C patients is the adjustment of dietary habits and/or introduction of dietary or nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Biniszewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Jacenik
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Tarasiuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Mosgoeller W, Muss C, Eisenwagen S, Jagsch R, Vogelsang H. PMA - Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) in the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome - a Non-Interventional Study. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2024; 62:379-387. [PMID: 38224685 PMCID: PMC10914565 DOI: 10.1055/a-2223-3963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
In clinical practice, the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can be very challenging. The aims of the present non-interventional study (NIS) were to investigate the tolerability and efficacy of PMA-zeolite under everyday conditions in patients with diarrheic IBS type (IBS-D) or constipated type (IBS-C) or mixed type (IBS-M). METHODS To document prospective data on tolerability and symptom frequency in the frame of a nationwide NIS, we recruited 204 IBS patients. The study focused on the IBS-related quality of life (measured by the SF-36 questionnaire) and improvements of IBS-related symptoms according to specific ROM-III criteria and stool consistency (Bristol stool scale). The participants documented their abdominal pain, bloating, number of bowel movements, and stool consistency through a web-based internet platform (initial and exit questionnaires) and daily diary entries over the period of intake (8 weeks). RESULTS A total of 82.2% of the recruited patients had filled in the questionnaires before and after the 8-week treatment with PMA-zeolite. Seven of the eight subscales of the SF-36 improved significantly (p<0,001); the reduction in abdominal pain was especially significant (p<0,001). The diary entries confirmed the reduction in abdominal pain and revealed a significant reduction in days with bloating (p<0,001). The Bristol-stool-scale analysis showed improvements; particularly, patients with IBS-D benefited from the treatment (p<0,001). CONCLUSION The treatment duration of 8 weeks was well tolerated by most patients. Under everyday life conditions, PMA-zeolite alleviated the global IBS-related symptoms and raised the quality of life (QOL). The PMA-zeolite, thus, may represent a good adjuvant therapeutic option for patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Mosgoeller
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Muss
- St. Elisabeth University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sandra Eisenwagen
- Research, Panaceo International GmbH, Villach/Gödersdorf, Austria, Villach, Austria
| | - Reinhold Jagsch
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Sun Q, Yin S, He Y, Cao Y, Jiang C. Biomaterials and Encapsulation Techniques for Probiotics: Current Status and Future Prospects in Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2185. [PMID: 37570503 PMCID: PMC10421492 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their potential advantages in diverse biomedical applications, such as acting as antimicrobial agents, aiding in tissue repair, and treating diseases. These live bacteria must exist in appropriate quantities and precise locations to exert beneficial effects. However, their viability and activity can be significantly impacted by the surrounding tissue, posing a challenge to maintain their stability in the target location for an extended duration. To counter this, researchers have formulated various strategies that enhance the activity and stability of probiotics by encapsulating them within biomaterials. This approach enables site-specific release, overcoming technical impediments encountered during the processing and application of probiotics. A range of materials can be utilized for encapsulating probiotics, and several methods can be employed for this encapsulation process. This article reviews the recent advancements in probiotics encapsulated within biomaterials, examining the materials, methods, and effects of encapsulation. It also provides an overview of the hurdles faced by currently available biomaterial-based probiotic capsules and suggests potential future research directions in this field. Despite the progress achieved to date, numerous challenges persist, such as the necessity for developing efficient, reproducible encapsulation methods that maintain the viability and activity of probiotics. Furthermore, there is a need to design more robust and targeted delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Sun
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Shounuo City Light West Block, Jinan 250117, China; (Q.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sheng Yin
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Shounuo City Light West Block, Jinan 250117, China; (Q.S.); (S.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yingxu He
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
| | - Yi Cao
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Shounuo City Light West Block, Jinan 250117, China; (Q.S.); (S.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunping Jiang
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Shounuo City Light West Block, Jinan 250117, China; (Q.S.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
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Oh JH, Jang YS, Kang D, Kim HS, Kim EJ, Park SY, Kim CH, Min YW, Chang DK. Efficacy of a Synbiotic Containing Lactobacillus paracasei DKGF1 and Opuntia humifusa in Elderly Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Gut Liver 2023; 17:100-107. [PMID: 35611667 PMCID: PMC9840930 DOI: 10.5009/gnl210478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims There is increasing evidence that supplementation with pre- and probiotics appears to have positive effects on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a new synbiotic formulation on gastrointestinal symptoms in elderly patients with IBS. Methods Sixty-seven IBS patients aged ≥60 years were randomly assigned to either a placebo group (n=34) or a synbiotic group (n=33). During a 4-week intervention, subjects used a placebo or a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus paracasei DKGF1 and extracts of Opuntia humifusa once a day. Patients were evaluated with the subject global assessment, visual analog scale, and Bristol stool chart. The primary outcome was the overall responder rate and the secondary outcome was the responder rates for abdominal symptom reduction at week 4. Results Overall, responder rates were significantly higher in the synbiotic group (51.5%) than in the placebo group (23.5%) (p=0.017). Abdominal pain (58.8% vs 81.8%) and psychological well-being (26.4% vs 60.6%) were noticeably improved in the synbiotic group (p=0.038 and p=0.004, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in gas and bloating symptoms (p=0.88 and p=0.88, respectively). In patients with constipation-dominant and diarrhea-dominant IBS (n=16), the synbiotic significantly improved abdominal pain and defecation symptoms (responder rates for the placebo vs the synbiotic: 22.2% vs 85.7%, p=0.04). There were no adverse events in either group. Conclusions The results indicate that this new synbiotic supplement can potentially relieve abdominal symptoms in elderly IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Oh
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Sil Jang
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Danbee Kang
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - So-Young Park
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hyun Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yang Won Min
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Kyung Chang
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Fatahi S, Hosseini A, Sohouli MH, Sayyari A, Khatami K, Farsani ZF, Amiri H, Dara N, de Souza IGO, Santos HO. Effects of probiotic supplementation on abdominal pain severity in pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. World J Pediatr 2022; 18:320-332. [PMID: 35106700 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotic supplementation has been used to alleviate abdominal pain in children and adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the evidence is not compelling. Thus, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were performed to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on abdominal pain in pediatric patients with IBS. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase were the available databases searched to find relevant randomized clinical trials up to April 2021. The effect size was expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Seven RCTs with 441 participants were included, from which the meta-analysis demonstrated that probiotic supplementation has a significant effect on reducing abdominal pain in pediatric patients with IBS (WMD = - 2.36; 95% CI - 4.12 to - 0.60; P = 0.009). Although our study involved children and adolescents (≤ 18 years), the effects of probiotic supplementation seem to be more potent in patients under 10 years old (WMD = - 2.55; 95% CI - 2.84 to - 2.27) compared to patients aged 10-18 years (WMD = - 1.70; 95% CI - 2.18 to - 1.22). The length of supplementation longer than four weeks was more effective (WMD = - 2.43; 95% CI - 2.76 to - 2.09). CONCLUSION Probiotic supplementation can reduce abdominal pain in pediatric patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Fatahi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Hosseini
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Sayyari
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Khatami
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Fazeli Farsani
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Amiri
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghi Dara
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ivan G O de Souza
- School of Health Sciences, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ommati MM, Li H, Jamshidzadeh A, Khoshghadam F, Retana-Márquez S, Lu Y, Farshad O, Nategh Ahmadi MH, Gholami A, Heidari R. The crucial role of oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-induced male reproductive toxicity: the ameliorative effects of Iranian indigenous probiotics. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:247-265. [PMID: 34994824 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have focused on the high potential effects of probiotics on the reproductive system. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the ameliorative intracellular roles of indigenous Iranian yogurt-extracted/cultured probiotics on animals' reproductive health suffering from obesity and/or fatty liver disease, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). For this purpose, simultaneously with the consumption of D-fructose (200 g/1000 mL water, induction of NAFLD model), all pubertal animals were also gavaged every day for 63 consecutive days with extracted probiotics, including 1 × 109 CFU/mL of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA), Bifidobacterium spp. (BIF), Bacillus coagulans (BC), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), and a mixture form (LA + BIF + BC + LR). At the end of the ninth week, the indices of epididymal sperm, and oxidative stress, as well as histopathological changes, were assessed. The results show that NAFLD could induce robust oxidative stress, highlighted as considerable increments in ROS level, TBARS content, total oxidized protein levels, along with severe decrements in reduced glutathione reservoirs, total antioxidant capacity in the hepatic and testicular tissues, as well as testicular and hepatic histopathological alterations. Moreover, a significant decrease in the percentage of sperm progressive motility, sperm count, and membrane integrity along with an increment in the percentage of sperm abnormality was detected in NAFLD animals. The observed adverse effects were significantly reversed upon probiotics treatment, especially in the group challenged with a mixture of all probiotics. Taken together, these findings indicate that the indigenous yogurt-isolated/cultured probiotics had a high potential antioxidant activity and the ameliorative effect against reprotoxicity and blood biochemical alterations induced by the NAFLD model. Highlights: 1. Reproductive indices could be reversely affected by xenobiotics and diseases. 2. NAFLD and cholestasis considerably affect the reproductive system in both genders. 3. NAFLD induced hepatic and testicular oxidative stress (OS). 4. NAFLD induced histopathological alterations and spermatotoxicity through OS. 5. The adverse effects were significantly reversed upon exposure to probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huifeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Khoshghadam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Socorro Retana-Márquez
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yu Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, School of Pharmacy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hasan Nategh Ahmadi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, 71345, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Cui X, Ng KR, Chai KF, Chen WN. Clinically relevant materials & applications inspired by food technologies. EBioMedicine 2022; 75:103792. [PMID: 34974308 PMCID: PMC8728048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Food science and technology have a fundamental and considerable overlap with medicine, and many clinically important applications were borne out of translational food science research. Globally, the food industry - through various food processing technologies - generates huge quantities of agro-waste and food processing byproducts that retain a significant biochemical potential for upcycling into important medical applications. This review explores some distinct clinical applications that are fabricable from food-based biopolymers and substances, often originating from food manufacturing side streams. These include antibacterial wound dressings and tissue scaffolding from the biopolymers cellulose and chitosan and antimicrobial food phytochemicals for combating antibiotic-resistant nosocomial infections. Furthermore, fermentation is discussed as the epitome of a translational food technology that unlocks further therapeutic value from recalcitrant food-based substrates and enables sustainable large-scale production of high-value pharmaceuticals, including novel fermented food-derived bioactive peptides (BPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cui
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, No. 06-08, 637141, Singapore; Food Science and Technology Programme, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Kuan Rei Ng
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Kong Fei Chai
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Wei Ning Chen
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore; School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore.
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Sansores-España LD, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Olivares-Sagredo K, Cafferata EA, Martínez-Aguilar VM, Vernal R, Paula-Lima AC, Díaz-Zúñiga J. Oral-Gut-Brain Axis in Experimental Models of Periodontitis: Associating Gut Dysbiosis With Neurodegenerative Diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:781582. [PMID: 35822001 PMCID: PMC9261337 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.781582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is considered a non-communicable chronic disease caused by a dysbiotic microbiota, which generates a low-grade systemic inflammation that chronically damages the organism. Several studies have associated periodontitis with other chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, the oral bacteria considered a keystone pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, has been detected in the hippocampus and brain cortex. Likewise, gut microbiota dysbiosis triggers a low-grade systemic inflammation, which also favors the risk for both cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the existence of an axis of Oral-Gut communication has been proposed, whose possible involvement in the development of neurodegenerative diseases has not been uncovered yet. The present review aims to compile evidence that the dysbiosis of the oral microbiota triggers changes in the gut microbiota, which creates a higher predisposition for the development of neuroinflammatory or neurodegenerative diseases.The Oral-Gut-Brain axis could be defined based on anatomical communications, where the mouth and the intestine are in constant communication. The oral-brain axis is mainly established from the trigeminal nerve and the gut-brain axis from the vagus nerve. The oral-gut communication is defined from an anatomical relation and the constant swallowing of oral bacteria. The gut-brain communication is more complex and due to bacteria-cells, immune and nervous system interactions. Thus, the gut-brain and oral-brain axis are in a bi-directional relationship. Through the qualitative analysis of the selected papers, we conclude that experimental periodontitis could produce both neurodegenerative pathologies and intestinal dysbiosis, and that periodontitis is likely to induce both conditions simultaneously. The severity of the neurodegenerative disease could depend, at least in part, on the effects of periodontitis in the gut microbiota, which could strengthen the immune response and create an injurious inflammatory and dysbiotic cycle. Thus, dementias would have their onset in dysbiotic phenomena that affect the oral cavity or the intestine. The selected studies allow us to speculate that oral-gut-brain communication exists, and bacteria probably get to the brain via trigeminal and vagus nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Daniel Sansores-España
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | | | | | - Emilio A. Cafferata
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica Del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Cristina Paula-Lima
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
- *Correspondence: Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga, ,
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Bhuyan AA, Akbar Bhuiyan A, Memon AM, Zhang B, Alam J, He QG. The in vitro antiviral activity of Lacticaseibacillus casei MCJ protein-based metabolites on bovine viral diarrhea virus. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 34:340-349. [PMID: 34495814 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1967964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a ubiquitous immunosuppressive etiological agent which is economically important for a wide host range in the livestock industry. Lactobacillus spp. has widely been using in the field of management and treatment of gastro-enteric disease for both humans and animals. The ability of Lacticaseibacillus casei MCJ protein-based metabolized to suppress BVDV infection in Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney cell line was demonstrated in this study. The protein-based metabolites were extracted from the cultured L. casei to obtain the safest and beneficial form of the probiotic bacteria. It is revealed that LPM have no cytotoxic effect and the cell viability remain more than 80% even after the cells are treated with 3000 µg/mL of LPM. The results of the plaque formation assay showed that LPM can reduce the viral infection rate. To know the mechanism of LPM for anti-BVDV activity, MDBK cells were exposed to LPM before, after and co-incubation of virus infection. The co-treatment of LPM with BVDV revealed the best results. The results suggest that the LPM has a potential anti-BVDV activity which could be a prospective candidate for the prevention and control of BVDV infection in an animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjuman Ara Bhuyan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Ali Akbar Bhuiyan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Atta Muhammad Memon
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingzhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jahangir Alam
- National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Qi-Gai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Altomare A, Di Rosa C, Imperia E, Emerenziani S, Cicala M, Guarino MPL. Diarrhea Predominant-Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-D): Effects of Different Nutritional Patterns on Intestinal Dysbiosis and Symptoms. Nutrients 2021; 13:1506. [PMID: 33946961 PMCID: PMC8146452 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits. Gut microbiota, which acts as a real organ with well-defined functions, is in a mutualistic relationship with the host, harvesting additional energy and nutrients from the diet and protecting the host from pathogens; specific alterations in its composition seem to play a crucial role in IBS pathophysiology. It is well known that diet can significantly modulate the intestinal microbiota profile but it is less known how different nutritional approach effective in IBS patients, such as the low-FODMAP diet, could be responsible of intestinal microbiota changes, thus influencing the presence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The aim of this review was to explore the effects of different nutritional protocols (e.g., traditional nutritional advice, low-FODMAP diet, gluten-free diet, etc.) on IBS-D symptoms and on intestinal microbiota variations in both IBS-D patients and healthy subjects. To date, an ideal nutritional protocol does not exist for IBS-D patients but it seems crucial to consider the effect of the different nutritional approaches on the intestinal microbiota composition to better define an efficient strategy to manage this functional disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Altomare
- Gastroenterology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.E.); (M.C.); (M.P.L.G.)
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudia Di Rosa
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elena Imperia
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sara Emerenziani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.E.); (M.C.); (M.P.L.G.)
| | - Michele Cicala
- Gastroenterology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.E.); (M.C.); (M.P.L.G.)
| | - Michele Pier Luca Guarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.E.); (M.C.); (M.P.L.G.)
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11
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Kaur AP, Bhardwaj S, Dhanjal DS, Nepovimova E, Cruz-Martins N, Kuča K, Chopra C, Singh R, Kumar H, Șen F, Kumar V, Verma R, Kumar D. Plant Prebiotics and Their Role in the Amelioration of Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:440. [PMID: 33809763 PMCID: PMC8002343 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics are either natural or synthetic non-digestible (non-)carbohydrate substances that boost the proliferation of gut microbes. Undigested fructooligosaccharides in the large intestine are utilised by the beneficial microorganisms for the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids for their own growth. Although various food products are now recognized as having prebiotic properties, several others, such as almonds, artichoke, barley, chia seeds, chicory, dandelion greens, flaxseeds, garlic, and oats, are being explored and used as functional foods. Considering the benefits of these prebiotics in mineral absorption, metabolite production, gut microbiota modulation, and in various diseases such as diabetes, allergy, metabolic disorders, and necrotising enterocolitis, increasing attention has been focused on their applications in both food and pharmaceutical industries, although some of these food products are actually used as food supplements. This review aims to highlight the potential and need of these prebiotics in the diet and also discusses data related to the distinct types, sources, modes of action, and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Pal Kaur
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (A.P.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Sonali Bhardwaj
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (S.B.); (D.S.D.); (C.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (S.B.); (D.S.D.); (C.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (S.B.); (D.S.D.); (C.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (S.B.); (D.S.D.); (C.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Harsh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (A.P.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Fatih Șen
- Sen Research Group, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, EvliyaÇelebi Campus, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya 43100, Turkey;
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK430AL, UK;
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India;
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (A.P.K.); (H.K.)
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Fukudo S, Okumura T, Inamori M, Okuyama Y, Kanazawa M, Kamiya T, Sato K, Shiotani A, Naito Y, Fujikawa Y, Hokari R, Masaoka T, Fujimoto K, Kaneko H, Torii A, Matsueda K, Miwa H, Enomoto N, Shimosegawa T, Koike K. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for irritable bowel syndrome 2020. J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:193-217. [PMID: 33538894 PMCID: PMC7932982 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-020-01746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Managing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has attracted international attention because single-agent therapy rarely relieves bothersome symptoms for all patients. The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE) published the first edition of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for IBS in 2015. Much more evidence has accumulated since then, and new pharmacological agents and non-pharmacological methods have been developed. Here, we report the second edition of the JSGE-IBS guidelines comprising 41 questions including 12 background questions on epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria, 26 clinical questions on diagnosis and treatment, and 3 questions on future research. For each question, statements with or without recommendations and/or evidence level are given and updated diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are provided based on new evidence. Algorithms for diagnosis are requisite for patients with chronic abdominal pain or associated symptoms and/or abnormal bowel movement. Colonoscopy is indicated for patients with one or more alarm symptoms/signs, risk factors, and/or abnormal routine examination results. The diagnosis is based on the Rome IV criteria. Step 1 therapy consists of diet therapy, behavioral modification, and gut-targeted pharmacotherapy for 4 weeks. For non-responders, management proceeds to step 2 therapy, which includes a combination of different mechanistic gut-targeted agents and/or psychopharmacological agents and basic psychotherapy for 4 weeks. Step 3 therapy is for non-responders to step 2 and comprises a combination of gut-targeted pharmacotherapy, psychopharmacological treatments, and/or specific psychotherapy. These updated JSGE-IBS guidelines present best practice strategies for IBS patients in Japan and we believe these core strategies can be useful for IBS diagnosis and treatment globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Fukudo
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan.
- Department of Behavioral Medicine Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Masahiko Inamori
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuyama
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Motoyori Kanazawa
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kamiya
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Ken Sato
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Akiko Shiotani
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Fujikawa
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Ryota Hokari
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Tastuhiro Masaoka
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuma Fujimoto
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaneko
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Akira Torii
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Kei Matsueda
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroto Miwa
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Enomoto
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
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13
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Changes of Gut-Microbiota-Liver Axis in Hepatitis C Virus Infection. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010055. [PMID: 33451143 PMCID: PMC7828638 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Gut microbiota alteration is linked to many health disorders including hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This dysbiosis in turn impacts the coordination between the gut and the liver that is known as the gut–liver-axis. Here, we discuss the latest findings regarding the changes in gut microbiota structure and functionality post HCV infection and its treatment regimens. In addition, we underline the contribution of the microbiota alterations to HCV associated liver complications. Abstract The gut–liver-axis is a bidirectional coordination between the gut, including microbial residents, the gut microbiota, from one side and the liver on the other side. Any disturbance in this crosstalk may lead to a disease status that impacts the functionality of both the gut and the liver. A major cause of liver disorders is hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection that has been illustrated to be associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis at different stages of the disease progression. This dysbiosis may start a cycle of inflammation and metabolic disturbance that impacts the gut and liver health and contributes to the disease progression. This review discusses the latest literature addressing this interplay between the gut microbiota and the liver in HCV infection from both directions. Additionally, we highlight the contribution of gut microbiota to the metabolism of antivirals used in HCV treatment regimens and the impact of these medications on the microbiota composition. This review sheds light on the potential of the gut microbiota manipulation as an alternative therapeutic approach to control the liver complications post HCV infection.
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Chao G, Zhang S. The characteristics of intestinal flora of IBS-D with different syndromes. Immun Inflamm Dis 2020; 8:615-628. [PMID: 32940426 PMCID: PMC7654421 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the distribution of fecal microbiota in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) patients of spleen-kidney-yang deficiency and liver depression and spleen deficiency, to make an objective foundation for dialectics of different type of IBS-D. And to provide the clinical doctors an experimental basis for medication by regulating dysbacteriosis. METHODS We collected feces from the control group, spleen-kidney-yang deficiency IBS-D group, and liver-depression and spleen-deficiency IBS-D group. After the extraction of fecal DNA, global DNA was isolated from every sample, and 16S ribosomal RNA was sequenced, and then we analyzed the results for bacteria such as Alpha diversity, community composition, LEfSe, and partial least squares discriminant analysis. RESULTS We compared the changes among the fecal bacteria in the intestine of the IBS-D patients and healthy controls and found the specificity of spleen-kidney-yang deficiency syndrome and liver-depression and spleen-deficiency syndrome. The control group has the highest flora diversity (control group > liver-depression and spleen-deficiency > spleen-kidney-yang deficiency group). The control group, spleen-kidney-yang deficiency group, and liver-depression and spleen-deficiency group are different in phylum (Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria), class (Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria), order (Enterobacteriales, Bifidobacteriales, Fusobacteriales), and family (Bifidobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Veillonellaceae, Fusobacteriaceae). Bifidobacteriaceae and Ruminococcaceae in the control group, Enterobacteriales, Fusobacteriales, Acidaminococcaceae, and Phascolarctobacterium in the spleen-kidney-yang deficiency group, and streptococcus are the specific bacteria in the liver-depression and spleen-deficiency group. Intestinal flora disturbance is closely related to IBS-D. CONCLUSIONS There is a correlation between traditional Chinese medicine syndrome type and intestinal flora. The control group, the spleen-kidney-yang deficiency group, and the liver-depression and spleen-deficiency group have specific bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chao
- Department of General practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Effect of a Synbiotic Containing Lactobacillus paracasei and Opuntia humifusa on a Murine Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103205. [PMID: 33092151 PMCID: PMC7594034 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of a combination of probiotics and prebiotics is expected to be a promising strategy for improving irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus paracasei and Opuntia humifusa extract for symptomatic improvement of IBS in a murine model and to evaluate the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of this synbiotic. A total of 20 male Wistar rats aged 8 weeks with IBS induced by restraint stress were assigned into four groups and administered L. paracasei as a probiotic and O. humifusa extract as a prebiotic for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was stool consistency at week 4. To evaluate the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of the synbiotic, fecal microbial analysis was conducted, and the serum corticosterone levels, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the colon tissue, and expression of tight junction proteins were investigated. All three treatment groups showed significantly lower scores for stool consistency than the control group at week 4 (all p < 0.001). When compared with the control group, the synbiotic groups showed a significantly greater abundance of L. paracasei in fecal microbial analysis, lower serum corticosterone levels, lower TNF-α levels in the colon tissue, and higher expression of tight junction proteins. This novel synbiotic containing L. paracasei and O. humifusa extract can improve the stool consistency in a murine model of IBS. It may be a promising treatment option for IBS, and human studies are warranted.
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Protective effect of SKB_Gutbiotic against castor oil and E.coli induced diarrhea in laboratory animals. Microb Pathog 2020; 143:104078. [PMID: 32142870 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate antidiarrheal activity of SKB_Gutbiotic against Castor oil and E.coli induced diarrhea in Swiss albino mice and Sprague Dawley rats. In present study three doses of SKB_Gutbiotic were tested against castor oil induced diarrhea in mice. Its effect on co-administration with l-arginine was studied. SKB_Gutbiotic delayed onset of diarrhea, reduced fecal output and fecal weight. In Gastrointestinal transit time and Castor oil induced enteropooling, SKB_Gutbiotic significantly reduced peristaltic index and volume of intestinal content respectively. In E.coli induced diarrhea model, E.coli suspension was administered for 3 days for inducing diarrhea. SKB_Gutbiotic significantly and dose dependently reduced fecal output, improved fecal consistency, reduced fecal water content and improved WBC count. Histopathological images showed improvement in damage caused to the mucosal epithelium due to E.coli and also improved complete crypt cell architecture and integrity of goblet cells. These results indicated that SKB_Gutbiotic can be used as an antidiarrheal agent against castor oil and E.coli induced diarrhea. It inhibits colonization of E.coli bacteria on colonic epithelium which results into decreased intestinal hypersecretion and motility which is very useful in the management of infectious diarrhea. Thus SKB_Gutbiotic could be an effective alternative to standard antidiarrheal drugs.
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Guo M, Yao J, Yang F, Liu W, Bai H, Ma J, Ma X, Zhang J, Fang Y, Miao Y, Sun J, Zhang Y, Zhao H. The composition of intestinal microbiota and its association with functional constipation of the elderly patients. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:163-175. [PMID: 32079430 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To identify intestinal microbiota compositions in elderly functional constipation (FC) patients. Materials & methods: Fecal samples from 61 FC patients and 48 healthy age-matched volunteers were analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: The intestinal microbiota compositions of FC patients were significantly different from healthy controls. Additionally, the species diversity of healthy controls was greater than that of FC patients. Indeed, the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria was significantly decreased, whereas that of Bacteroides, Prevotella, Lactococcus, Ruminococcus and Butyricimonas was remarkably increased in FC patients. Conclusion: Elderly FC patients appear to have a unique intestinal microbiota profile. Our findings should provide insight regarding the pathogenic mechanism of FC and evidence for exploring new therapeutic strategies in elderly FC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingquan Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine affiliated to Shanghai 200040, PR China.,Research Center on Aging & Medicine affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Wenjian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Huijing Bai
- Clinical Nutrition Center, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jianxia Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Xingchen Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jinghao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yingxin Miao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jianqin Sun
- Clinical Nutrition Center, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine affiliated to Shanghai 200040, PR China.,Research Center on Aging & Medicine affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine affiliated to Shanghai 200040, PR China.,Research Center on Aging & Medicine affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
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De Angelis M, Garruti G, Minervini F, Bonfrate L, Portincasa P, Gobbetti M. The Food-gut Human Axis: The Effects of Diet on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3567-3583. [PMID: 28462705 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170428103848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota, the largest symbiont community hosted in human organism, is emerging as a pivotal player in the relationship between dietary habits and health. Oral and, especially, intestinal microbes metabolize dietary components, affecting human health by producing harmful or beneficial metabolites, which are involved in the incidence and progression of several intestinal related and non-related diseases. Habitual diet (Western, Agrarian and Mediterranean omnivore diets, vegetarian, vegan and gluten-free diets) drives the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolome. Within the dietary components, polymers (mainly fibers, proteins, fat and polyphenols) that are not hydrolyzed by human enzymes seem to be the main leads of the metabolic pathways of gut microbiota, which in turn directly influence the human metabolome. Specific relationships between diet and microbes, microbes and metabolites, microbes and immune functions and microbes and/or their metabolites and some human diseases are being established. Dietary treatments with fibers are the most effective to benefit the metabolome profile, by improving the synthesis of short chain fatty acids and decreasing the level of molecules, such as p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and trimethylamine N-oxide, involved in disease state. Based on the axis diet-microbiota-health, this review aims at describing the most recent knowledge oriented towards a profitable use of diet to provide benefits to human health, both directly and indirectly, through the activity of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Minervini
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, Bolzano, Italy
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SUGAWARA T, SAWADA D, KAJI I, KARAKI SI, KUWAHARA A. The effects of viable and non-viable Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 cells on colonic ion transport and corticotropin releasing factor-induced diarrhea. Biomed Res 2019; 40:225-233. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.40.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori SUGAWARA
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Daisuke SAWADA
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Izumi KAJI
- Section of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Atsukazu KUWAHARA
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University
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Large Plasmid Complement Resolved: Complete Genome Sequencing of Lactobacillus plantarum MF1298, a Candidate Probiotic Strain Associated with Unfavorable Effect. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7080262. [PMID: 31416278 PMCID: PMC6722938 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7080262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable attention has been given to the species Lactobacillus plantarum regarding its probiotic potential. L. plantarum strains have shown health benefits in several studies, and even nonstrain-specific claims are allowed in certain markets. L. plantarum strain MF1298 was considered a candidate probiotic, demonstrating in vitro probiotic properties and the ability to survive passage through the human intestinal tract. However, the strain showed an unfavorable effect on symptoms in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome in a clinical trial. The properties and the genome of this strain are thus of general interest. Obtaining the complete genome of strain MF1298 proved difficult due to its large plasmid complement. Here, we exploit a combination of sequencing approaches to obtain the complete chromosome and plasmid assemblies of MF1298. The Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION long-read sequencer was particularly useful in resolving the unusually large number of plasmids in the strain, 14 in total. The complete genome sequence of 3,576,440 basepairs contains 3272 protein-encoding genes, of which 315 are located on plasmids. Few unique regions were found in comparison with other L. plantarum genomes. Notably, however, one of the plasmids contains genes related to vitamin B12 (cobalamin) turnover and genes encoding bacterial reverse transcriptases, features not previously reported for L. plantarum. The extensive plasmid information will be important for future studies with this strain.
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Repally A, Perumal V, Dasari A, Palanichamy E, Venkatesan A. Isolation, Identification of Lactobacillus mucosae AN1 and its Antilisterial Peptide Purification and Characterization. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:775-786. [PMID: 29064056 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus mucosae strain AN1 isolated from sheep milk and characterized for its probiotic suitability. In vitro evaluation of critical gut endurance properties of this strain were assessed by different screening methods such as bile salt, gastric acid, lysozyme tolerance assays, hemolytic, cholesterol reduction properties, and HT-29 cell line adhesion assay. Antibacterial peptide from this strain was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. The molecular mass of peptides was determined by Tricine-SDS-PAGE and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF-MS). Purified peptide was named as AN1 having a molecular mass of 10.66 kDa. Helical structures of peptide were determined using circular dichroism spectroscopy. Stability of peptide AN1 towards different parameters such as pH, temperature, organic solvents, proteolytic, and glycolytic enzymes was also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyanna Repally
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Venkatesh Perumal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Ankaiah Dasari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Esakkiraj Palanichamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Arul Venkatesan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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22
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Noorbakhsh H, Yavarmanesh M, Mortazavi SA, Adibi P, Moazzami AA. Metabolomics analysis revealed metabolic changes in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and metabolic responses to a synbiotic yogurt intervention. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:3109-3119. [PMID: 30392136 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Irritable bowel syndrome is a gastrointestinal disorder which can influence human metabolism. It has been demonstrated that probiotics are beneficial in controlling IBS. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to determine metabolic changes in response to diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) and to investigate the metabolic effects of a synbiotic intervention on serum, urine, and stool samples from IBS-D patients and healthy controls using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR). METHODS A 1HNMR-based metabolomics study was conducted on urine and serum metabolites from 16 healthy and eight IBS-D participants at baseline and after 4 weeks of a synbiotic yogurt intervention. RESULTS At the baseline, serum acetoacetate, myo-inositol, and sarcosine concentrations were higher and threonine and methionine concentrations were lower in the IBS-D cohort than the control group. Moreover, Indoxyl-sulfate concentration of urine was lower and dimethylamine and taurine were higher in the IBS-D group. After intervention, serum concentration of ketone bodies decreased, choline, phenylalanine, and branched-chain amino acids increased in IBS-D group. Metabolomics analysis indicated a shift in one-carbon metabolism. Thus, the level of serum homocysteine was determined and found to be higher in the IBS-D cohort at baseline, and then decreased after the intervention. CONCLUSION IBS causes a shift in one-carbon metabolism and these changes can be reversed by a synbiotic intervention. An increase in the number of fecal Lactobacilli and an improvement in the health status of IBS-D patients were also observed in response to intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Collage of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Yavarmanesh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Collage of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Collage of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali A Moazzami
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Brusaferro A, Farinelli E, Zenzeri L, Cozzali R, Esposito S. The Management of Paediatric Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders: Latest Evidence. Paediatr Drugs 2018; 20:235-247. [PMID: 29497992 PMCID: PMC5954057 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-018-0287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is one of the most common health complaints in both children and adults. Although RAP is considered a functional disorder rather than an organic disease, affected children and their families can still experience anxiety and concerns that can interfere with school, sports, and regular daily activities and lead to frequent attendances at pediatric emergency departments or pediatric gastroenterology clinics. Our review shows experts do not agree on a universally proven management that will work on every child presenting with functional abdominal pain (FAP). Treatment strategies include both non-pharmacological and pharmacological options. Non-pharmacological treatments are usually very well accepted by both children and their parents and are free from medication side effects. Nevertheless, they may be as effective as the pharmacological interventions; therefore, according to many experts and based on the majority of current evidence, a non-pharmacological approach should be the first intervention attempt in children with RAP. In particular, the importance of the bio-psychosocial approach is highlighted, as a majority of children will improve with counselling and reassurance that no serious organic pathologies are suspected, especially when the physician establishes a trustful relationship with both the child and their family. Placebo and pharmacological interventions could be attempted when the bio-psychosocial approach is not applicable or not efficacious. In some difficult cases, finding an effective treatment for FAP can be a challenge, and a number of strategies may need to be tried before symptoms are controlled. In these cases, a multidisciplinary team, comprising a pediatric gastroenterologist, dietician, psychologist, and psychotherapist, is likely to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brusaferro
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Farinelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Letizia Zenzeri
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rita Cozzali
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy.
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Kim JY, Kwon YM, Kim IS, Kim JA, Yu DY, Adhikari B, Lee SS, Choi IS, Cho KK. Effects of the Brown Seaweed Laminaria japonica Supplementation on Serum Concentrations of IgG, Triglycerides, and Cholesterol, and Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Rats. Front Nutr 2018; 5:23. [PMID: 29707542 PMCID: PMC5906548 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbial communities play critical roles in various aspects of body function of the host. Prebiotics, such as dietary fiber, can affect health of the host by altering the composition of intestinal microbiota. Although brown seaweed Laminaria japonica is rich in dietary fiber, studies on its prebiotic potential are quite rare. In this study, basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with dried L. japonica (DLJ), heat-treated dried L. japonica (HLJ), or heated dried L. japonica with added fructooligosaccharide (FHLJ) was fed to rats for 16 weeks. Serum concentrations of IgG, triglyceride, and cholesterol were measured. In addition, the intestinal microbiota composition was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. As compared to the control group, DLJ, HLJ, and FHLJ groups showed significantly higher serum IgG concentration, but had lower weight gain and serum triglyceride concentration. Moreover, DLJ, HLJ, and FHLJ groups showed lower Fimicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio when compared with the control group. As compared with the control group, obesity-associated bacterial genera (Allobaculum, Turicibacter, Coprobacillus, Mollicute, and Oscilibacter), and the genera with pathogenic potentials (Mollicute, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Escherichia, and Prevotella) decreased while leanness-associated genera (Alistipes, Bacteroides, and Prevotella), and lactic acid bacterial genera (Subdoligranulum, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bifidobacterium) increased in all treatment groups. On the contrary, butyric acid producing genera including Subdoligranulum, Roseburia, Eubacterium, Butyrivibrio, and Anaerotruncus increased significantly only in FHLJ group. The overall results support multiple prebiotic effects of seaweed L. japonica on rats as determined by body weight reduction, enhanced immune response, and desirable changes in intestinal microbiota composition, suggesting the great potential of L. japonica as an effective prebiotic for promotion of host metabolism and reduction of obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Young Min Kwon
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - In-Sung Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-A Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Da-Yoon Yu
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Bishnu Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - In-Soon Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Silla University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
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Wallis A, Ball M, Butt H, Lewis DP, McKechnie S, Paull P, Jaa-Kwee A, Bruck D. Open-label pilot for treatment targeting gut dysbiosis in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: neuropsychological symptoms and sex comparisons. J Transl Med 2018; 16:24. [PMID: 29409505 PMCID: PMC5801817 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary evidence suggests that the enteric microbiota may play a role in the expression of neurological symptoms in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Overlapping symptoms with the acute presentation of D-lactic acidosis has prompted the use of antibiotic treatment to target the overgrowth of species within the Streptococcus genus found in commensal enteric microbiota as a possible treatment for neurological symptoms in ME/CFS. METHODS An open-label, repeated measures design was used to examine treatment efficacy and enable sex comparisons. Participants included 44 adult ME/CFS patients (27 females) from one specialist medical clinic with Streptococcus viable counts above 3.00 × 105 cfu/g (wet weight of faeces) and with a count greater than 5% of the total count of aerobic microorganisms. The 4-week treatment protocol included alternate weeks of Erythromycin (400 mg of erythromycin as ethyl succinate salt) twice daily and probiotic (D-lactate free multistrain probiotic, 5 × 1010 cfu twice daily). 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVAs were used to assess sex-time interactions and effects across pre- and post-intervention for microbial, lactate and clinical outcomes. Ancillary non-parametric correlations were conducted to examine interactions between change in microbiota and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Large treatment effects were observed for the intention-to-treat sample with a reduction in Streptococcus viable count and improvement on several clinical outcomes including total symptoms, some sleep (less awakenings, greater efficiency and quality) and cognitive symptoms (attention, processing speed, cognitive flexibility, story memory and verbal fluency). Mood, fatigue and urine D:L lactate ratio remained similar across time. Ancillary results infer that shifts in microbiota were associated with more of the variance in clinical changes for males compared with females. CONCLUSIONS Results support the notion that specific microorganisms interact with some ME/CFS symptoms and offer promise for the therapeutic potential of targeting gut dysbiosis in this population. Streptococcus spp. are not the primary or sole producers of D-lactate. Further investigation of lactate concentrations are needed to elucidate any role of D-lactate in this population. Concurrent microbial shifts that may be associated with clinical improvement (i.e., increased Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium or decreased Clostridium in males) invite enquiry into alternative strategies for individualised treatment. Trial Registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12614001077651) 9th October 2014. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=366933&isReview=true.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wallis
- Psychology Department, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michelle Ball
- Psychology Department, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Henry Butt
- Bioscreen (Aust) Pty Ltd., Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Sandra McKechnie
- College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Amber Jaa-Kwee
- College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dorothy Bruck
- Psychology Department, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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Chen Q, Ren Y, Lu J, Bartlett M, Chen L, Zhang Y, Guo X, Liu C. A Novel Prebiotic Blend Product Prevents Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Mice by Improving Gut Microbiota and Modulating Immune Response. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121341. [PMID: 29232851 PMCID: PMC5748791 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder yet it still lacks effective prevention therapies. The aim of this study is to determine whether a novel prebiotic blend (PB) composed of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), inulin and anthocyanins could be effective in preventing the development of IBS. We explored the possible mechanisms both in animal and in cells. Post-infectious IBS models in C57BL/6 mice were established and were pretreated with the PB, PB and probiotic strains 8 weeks in advance of infection. Eight weeks after infection, intestinal tissues were collected for assessing histomorphology, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis. Fecal samples were also collected for microbiota analysis. The pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in Caco-2 cells were evaluated after co-incubation with PB and Salmonella typhimurium 14028. The results showed that PB significantly decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines both in infected Caco-2 cells and PI-IBS models. The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). The proteomics analysis revealed that this function was associated with Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Yiping Ren
- Center for Anti-Aging Research, Nu Skin Enterprises, Shanghai 201401, China.
| | - Jihong Lu
- Center for Anti-Aging Research, Nu Skin Enterprises, Shanghai 201401, China.
| | - Mark Bartlett
- Nu Skin Enterprises Anti-Aging Research Center, Provo, UT 84601, USA.
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) has historically been associated with several diseases in gastroenterology and hepatology. The most substantiated evidence pertains to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The pathogeneses of FM and IBS remain unclear, but it is likely related to dysregulation within the brain-gut axis, resulting in a hyperalgesic state. IBS and FM share other similarities, including a female predominance, fatigue, insomnia, and susceptibility to psychiatric state. These common manifestations and pathogeneses serve as a foundation for overlapping, multidisciplinary treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Schatz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, STB Suite 249, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Baharak Moshiree
- Division of Gastroenterology, Carolinas HealthCare System, 1025 Morehead Medical Drive, Suite 300, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
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Banna GL, Torino F, Marletta F, Santagati M, Salemi R, Cannarozzo E, Falzone L, Ferraù F, Libra M. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: An Overview to Explore the Rationale of Its Use in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:603. [PMID: 28919861 PMCID: PMC5585742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the western world. In the era of precision medicine, a significant number of cancer patients can be cured with several anti-cancer therapeutic regimens. However, therapy failure may be caused by treatment side effects, such as diarrhea, especially occurring in patients with gastrointestinal or pelvic malignancies. In particular, diarrhea is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal toxicity during cancer treatment and it can result from nearly bot chemo- and radio-therapeutic strategies currently used. Diarrhea has a serious impact on patients’ quality of life and treatment dosing and schedule modification due to its severity can negatively influence treatment outcomes. In this context, probiotics may play an interesting role in several human diseases with an inflammatory bowel involvement and, among these, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is one of the most characterized and utilized. In particular, LGG is able to reverse intestinal dysbiosis and moderate diarrhea. Moreover, preclinical studies have documented its effects in reducing chronic inflammation associated with cancer development. This review summarizes the preclinical results of LGG on cancer cells proliferation and tumor invasion as well as the potential role of LGG use in cancer patients for the prevention and management of diarrhea associated with cancer treatment. Overall, these encouraging data support further investigation on the use of LGG in stratified patients undergoing specific therapeutic protocols, including chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy, in order to reduce the development of severe diarrhea and thus improve the adherence to the therapy and patients’ quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Torino
- Department of Systems Medicine, Chair of Medical Oncology, Tor Vergata University of RomeRome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Santagati
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Rossella Salemi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Elisa Cannarozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferraù
- Division of Medical Oncology, San Vincenzo HospitalTaormina, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
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Close association between intestinal microbiota and irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:2303-2317. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Naumova ES, Sadykova AZ, Michailova YV, Naumov GI. Polymorphism of lactose genes in the dairy yeasts Kluyveromyces marxianus, potential probiotic microorganisms. Microbiology (Reading) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261717030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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31
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Wang W, Xin H, Fang X, Dou H, Liu F, Huang D, Han S, Fei G, Zhu L, Zha S, Zhang H, Ke M. Isomalto-oligosaccharides ameliorate visceral hyperalgesia with repair damage of ileal epithelial ultrastructure in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175276. [PMID: 28437458 PMCID: PMC5402968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with probiotics has achieved effectiveness to a certain extent. Whether prebiotics will work is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of the prebiotic isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO) on visceral hypersensitivity (VHS) in rats and to explore potential mechanism. Methods Water avoidance stress (WAS) was used to induce VHS in rats. The score for the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) was determined while colorectal distension and compared between VHS group and control group in order to validate VHS preparation. Rats with VHS were then divided into an IMO-treated group (intragastric 5% IMO, 2 mL/d, 14 days) and a water-control group (intragastric water). After treatment, AWR score and intestinal transit rate (ITR) were determined, stool culture was performed, the ultrastructure of the ileum epithelium was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and serum cytokines were measured. Results WAS significantly increased AWR score responding to colorectal distension, and lowered the pain threshold. IMO treatment improved VHS with a reduction in AWR score on graded colorectal distension and an increase in pain threshold. SEM showed damages on the ileal epithelial ultrastructure in VHS rats, which was attenuated by IMO treatment. ITR, fecal microbiota and serum cytokine levels were comparable among control group, water-control group, and IMO-treated rats. Conclusion In this randomized placebo-controlled study, the results showed that IMO ameliorated WAS-induced visceral hyperalgesia in rats, this effect may be attributed to the repair of damages on intestinal epithelial ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weida Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiwei Xin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiucai Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hongtao Dou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Shaomei Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guijun Fei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghua Zha
- Beijing Tongrentang Health-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Beijing Tongrentang Health-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Meiyun Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Harbige LS, Pinto E, Allgrove J, Thomas LV. Immune Response of Healthy Adults to the Ingested Probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota. Scand J Immunol 2017; 84:353-364. [PMID: 27718254 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Daily ingestion of a probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS; 1.3 × 1010 live cells) by healthy adults for (1) 4-week LcS, (2) 6-week discontinuation of LcS and (3) a final 4 weeks of LcS was investigated. There was a significant increase in expression of the T cell activation marker CD3+ CD69+ in ex vivo unstimulated blood cells at weeks 10 and 14, and there was a significant increase in the NK cell marker CD3+ CD16/56+ in ex vivo unstimulated blood cells at weeks 4, 10 and 14. Expression of the NK cell activation marker CD16/56+ CD69+ in ex vivo unstimulated blood cells was 62% higher at week 10 and 74% higher at week 14. Intracellular staining of IL-4 in ex vivo unstimulated and PMA-/ionomycin-stimulated CD3+ β7+ integrin blood cells was significantly lower at weeks 10 and 14. Intracellular staining of IL-12 in ex vivo unstimulated and LPS-stimulated CD14+ blood cells was significantly lower at weeks 4, 10 and 14. Intracellular staining of TNF-α in LPS-stimulated CD14+ blood cells was significantly lower at weeks 4, 10 and 14. Mucosal salivary IFN-γ, IgA1 and IgA2 concentrations were significantly higher at week 14, but LcS did not affect systemic circulating influenza A-specific IgA or IgG and tetanus-specific IgG antibody levels. In addition to the decrease in CD3+ β7+ integrin cell IL-4 and a reduced CD14+ cell pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, at week 14 increased expression of activation markers on circulating T cells and NK cells and higher mucosal salivary IgA1 and IgA2 concentration indicated a secondary boosting effect of LcS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Harbige
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
| | - E Pinto
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
| | - J Allgrove
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Surrey, UK
| | - L V Thomas
- Yakult UK Ltd, Anteros, Odyssey Business Park, South Ruislip, Middlesex, UK
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Abstract
Communication between the brain and gut is not one-way, but a bidirectional highway whereby reciprocal signals between the two organ systems are exchanged to coordinate function. The messengers of this complex dialogue include neural, metabolic, endocrine and immune mediators responsive to diverse environmental cues, including nutrients and components of the intestinal microbiota (microbiota-gut-brain axis). We are now starting to understand how perturbation of these systems affects transition between health and disease. The pathological repercussions of disordered gut-brain dialogue are probably especially pertinent in functional gastrointestinal diseases, including IBS and functional dyspepsia. New insights into these pathways might lead to novel treatment strategies in these common gastrointestinal diseases. In this Review, we consider the role of the immune system as the gatekeeper and master regulator of brain-gut and gut-brain communications. Although adaptive immunity (T cells in particular) participates in this process, there is an emerging role for cells of the innate immune compartment (including innate lymphoid cells and cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system). We will also consider how these key immune cells interact with the specific components of the enteric and central nervous systems, and rapidly respond to environmental variables, including the microbiota, to alter gut homeostasis.
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König J, Siebenhaar A, Högenauer C, Arkkila P, Nieuwdorp M, Norén T, Ponsioen CY, Rosien U, Rossen NG, Satokari R, Stallmach A, de Vos W, Keller J, Brummer RJ. Consensus report: faecal microbiota transfer - clinical applications and procedures. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:222-239. [PMID: 27891639 PMCID: PMC6680358 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Faecal microbiota transplantation or transfer (FMT) aims at replacing or reinforcing the gut microbiota of a patient with the microbiota from a healthy donor. Not many controlled or randomised studies have been published evaluating the use of FMT for other diseases than Clostridium difficile infection, making it difficult for clinicians to decide on a suitable indication. AIM To provide an expert consensus on current clinical indications, applications and methodological aspects of FMT. METHODS Well-acknowledged experts from various countries in Europe have contributed to this article. After literature review, consensus has been achieved by repetitive circulation of the statements and the full manuscript among all authors with intermittent adaptation to comments (using a modified Delphi process). Levels of evidence and agreement were rated according to the GRADE system. Consensus was defined a priori as agreement by at least 75% of the authors. RESULTS Key recommendations include the use of FMT in recurrent C. difficile infection characterised by at least two previous standard treatments without persistent cure, as well as its consideration in severe and severe-complicated C. difficile infection as an alternative to total colectomy in case of early failure of antimicrobial therapy. FMT in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and metabolic syndrome should only be performed in research settings. CONCLUSIONS Faecal microbiota transplantation or transfer is a promising treatment for a variety of diseases in which the intestinal microbiota is disturbed. For indications other than C. difficile infection, more evidence is needed before more concrete recommendations can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - W. de Vos
- HelsinkiFinland
- WageningenThe Netherlands
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Mohkam M, Nezafat N, Berenjian A, Mobasher MA, Ghasemi Y. Identification of Bacillus Probiotics Isolated from Soil Rhizosphere Using 16S rRNA, recA, rpoB Gene Sequencing and RAPD-PCR. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 8:8-18. [PMID: 26898909 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-016-9208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Some Bacillus species, especially Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus groups, have highly similar 16S rRNA gene sequences, which are hard to identify based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. To conquer this drawback, rpoB, recA sequence analysis along with randomly amplified polymorphic (RAPD) fingerprinting was examined as an alternative method for differentiating Bacillus species. The 16S rRNA, rpoB and recA genes were amplified via a polymerase chain reaction using their specific primers. The resulted PCR amplicons were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was employed by MEGA 6 software. Identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing was underpinned by rpoB and recA gene sequencing as well as RAPD-PCR technique. Subsequently, concatenation and phylogenetic analysis showed that extent of diversity and similarity were better obtained by rpoB and recA primers, which are also reinforced by RAPD-PCR methods. However, in one case, these approaches failed to identify one isolate, which in combination with the phenotypical method offsets this issue. Overall, RAPD fingerprinting, rpoB and recA along with concatenated genes sequence analysis discriminated closely related Bacillus species, which highlights the significance of the multigenic method in more precisely distinguishing Bacillus strains. This research emphasizes the benefit of RAPD fingerprinting, rpoB and recA sequence analysis superior to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for suitable and effective identification of Bacillus species as recommended for probiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mohkam
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Mohammad Ali Mobasher
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Paul SP, Basude D. Non-pharmacological management of abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. World J Pediatr 2016; 12:389-398. [PMID: 27363985 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-016-0044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorder (AP-FGID) comprises of 4 main conditions: functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal migraine and functional abdominal pain. AP-FGIDs are diagnosed clinically based on the Rome IV criteria for FGIDs of childhood. There is limited evidence for pharmacological therapies. DATA SOURCES This review article discusses nonpharmacological management of AP-FGID based on the current literature including systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, cohort and case control studies. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview on the available evidence for the pediatricians and pediatric gastroenterologists involved in managing children with AP-FGID. RESULTS Managing AP-FGIDs can be challenging. This should follow a stepwise approach with focused history, identification of "red flag" signs and symptoms, physical examination and investigations done following initial consultation. Family needs explaining that there is nothing seriously wrong with the child's abdomen. This explanation and reassurance can achieve symptom control in large number of cases. Non-pharmacological interventions are delivered through lifestyle and dietary changes and bio-psychosocial therapies. Dietary interventions vary depending on the type of AP-FGID. Bio-psychosocial therapies such as hypnotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and yoga aim at stress reduction. CONCLUSION There is increasing evidence for use of non-pharmacological interventions in children with APFGID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siba Prosad Paul
- Torbay Hospital, Vowden Hall, Lowes Bridge, Torquay, TQ2 7AA, UK.
| | - Dharamveer Basude
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, UK
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Sánchez B, Delgado S, Blanco-Míguez A, Lourenço A, Gueimonde M, Margolles A. Probiotics, gut microbiota, and their influence on host health and disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27500859 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of mammals hosts a high and diverse number of different microorganisms, known as intestinal microbiota. Many probiotics were originally isolated from the gastrointestinal tract, and they were defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/WHO as "live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host." Probiotics exert their beneficial effects on the host through four main mechanisms: interference with potential pathogens, improvement of barrier function, immunomodulation and production of neurotransmitters, and their host targets vary from the resident microbiota to cellular components of the gut-brain axis. However, in spite of the wide array of beneficial mechanisms deployed by probiotic bacteria, relatively few effects have been supported by clinical data. In this regard, different probiotic strains have been effective in antibiotic-associated diarrhea or inflammatory bowel disease for instance. The aim of this review was to compile the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics, mainly through their interaction with the intestinal microbiota and with the intestinal mucosa. The specific benefits discussed in this paper include among others those elicited directly through dietary modulation of the human gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Aitor Blanco-Míguez
- ESEI - Department of Computer Science, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, Campus Universitario As Lagoas s/n 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Anália Lourenço
- ESEI - Department of Computer Science, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, Campus Universitario As Lagoas s/n 32004, Ourense, Spain.,CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
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Antibiotic Treatment of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth. TOP CLIN NUTR 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Prusator DK, Andrews A, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. Neurobiology of early life stress and visceral pain: translational relevance from animal models to patient care. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:1290-305. [PMID: 27251368 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies show that females are twice as likely to receive a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) than their male counterparts. Despite evidence pointing to a role for sex hormones in the onset or exacerbation of IBS symptoms, the mechanism by which ovarian hormones may predispose women to develop IBS remains largely undefined. On the other hand, there is a growing body of research showing a correlation between reports of early life stress (ELS) and the diagnosis of IBS. Current treatments available for IBS patients target symptom relief including abdominal pain and alterations in bowel habits, but are not directed to the etiology of the disease. PURPOSE To better understand the mechanisms by which sex hormones and ELS contribute to IBS, animal models have been developed to mirror complex human experiences allowing for longitudinal studies that investigate the lifelong consequences of ELS. These preclinical models have been successful in recapitulating ELS-induced visceral pain. Moreover, in female rats the influence of cycling hormones on visceral hypersensitivity resembles that seen in women with IBS. Such studies suggest that rodent models of ELS may serve as pivotal tools in determining (i) the etiology of IBS, (ii) novel future treatments for IBS, and (iii) improving individualized patient care. The current review aims to shed light on the progress and the challenges observed by clinicians within the field of gastroenterology and the preclinical science aimed at addressing those challenges in an effort to understand and more efficiently treat functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in both children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Prusator
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - A Andrews
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - B Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- VA Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Serra J. [Intestinal microbiota]. Aten Primaria 2016; 48:345-6. [PMID: 27174738 PMCID: PMC6877872 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Serra
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
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Fecal Microbiota in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome Compared with Healthy Controls Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction: An Evidence of Dysbiosis. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2953-62. [PMID: 25784074 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysbiosis may play a role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), hitherto an enigmatic disorder. We evaluated selected fecal microbes in IBS patients and healthy controls (HC). METHODS Fecal 16S rRNA copy number of selected bacteria was studied using qPCR in 47 patients with IBS (Rome III) and 30 HC. RESULTS Of 47 patients, 20 had constipation (IBS-C), 20 diarrhea (IBS-D), and seven unclassified IBS (IBS-U). Relative difference in 16S rRNA copy number of Bifidobacterium (P = 0.042) was lower, while those of Ruminococcus productus-Clostridium coccoides (P = 0.016), Veillonella (P = 0.008), Bacteroides thetaiotamicron (P < 0.001), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P < 0.001), and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB, P = 0.001) were higher among IBS patients than HC. Number of Lactobacillus (P = 0.002) was lower, while that of Bacteroides thetaiotamicron (P < 0.001) and segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB, P < 0.001) was higher among IBS-D than IBS-C. Numbers of Bacteroides thetaiotamicron (P < 0.001), P. aeruginosa (P < 0.001), and GNB (P < 0.01) were higher among IBS-C and IBS-D than HC. Quantity of SFB was higher among IBS-D (P = 0.011) and lower among IBS-C (P = 0.002) than HC. Number of Veillonella species was higher among IBS-C than HC (P = 0.002). P. aeruginosa was frequently detected among IBS than HC (46/47 [97.9 %] vs. 10/30 [33.3 %], P < 0.001). Abdominal distension (n = 34/47) was associated with higher number of Bacteroides thetaiotamicron, Clostridium coccoides, P. aeruginosa, SFB, and GNB; bloating (n = 22/47) was associated with Clostridium coccoides and GNB. Microbial flora was different among IBS than HC on principal component analysis. CONCLUSION Fecal microbiota was different among IBS than HC, and different sub-types were associated with different microbiota. P. aeruginosa was more frequent and higher in number among IBS patients.
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Wang YM, Ge XZ, Wang WQ, Wang T, Cao HL, Wang BL, Wang BM. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supernatant upregulates serotonin transporter expression in intestinal epithelial cells and mice intestinal tissues. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1239-48. [PMID: 26088715 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role that probiotics play in relieving irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been demonstrated; however, the mechanism by which IBS is affected remains unclear. In this study, serotonin transporter (SERT) mRNA and serotonin transporter protein (SERT-P) levels in HT-29, Caco-2 cells, and mice intestinal tissues were examined after treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supernatant (LGG-s). METHODS HT-29 and Caco-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of LGG-s for 12 and 24 h and C57BL/6 mice received supplements of different concentrations for 4 weeks. SERT mRNA and SERT-P levels were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting. KEY RESULTS SERT mRNA and SERT-P levels in HT-29 and Caco-2 cells were higher than those in the control 24 h after treatment. Undiluted LGG-s upregulated SERT mRNA levels by 9.4-fold in the first week, which dropped in the second week. The double-diluted LGG-s upregulated SERT mRNA by 2.07-fold in the first week; levels dropped to 1.75-fold within the second week and under base expression levels by the third week, while they again climbed to 1.56-fold in the fourth week. The triple-diluted LGG-s could not upregulate SERT mRNA expression until the end of the fourth week. The SERT-P levels in the double-diluted LGG-s group were higher than that in the control but fluctuated with time. SERT-P levels in the triple-diluted LGG-s were higher than that in the control in the last 2 weeks and increased with time. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES LGG-s can upregulate SERT mRNA and SERT-P levels in intestinal epithelial cells and mice intestinal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - X Z Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - W Q Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - T Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - H L Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - B L Wang
- Key Research Laboratory of Hormone and Development Affiliated to the Ministry of Health, Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - B M Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Th17 Cells as Potential Probiotic Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20841-58. [PMID: 26340622 PMCID: PMC4613231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by wasting and chronic intestinal inflammation triggered by various cytokine-mediated pathways. In recent years, it was shown that T helper 17 (Th17) cells are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, which makes them an attractive therapeutic target. Th17 cells preferentially produce interleukin (IL)-17A–F as signature cytokines. The role of the interplay between host genetics and intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBD was demonstrated. Probiotics are live microorganisms that when orally ingested in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host by modulating the enteric flora or by stimulating the local immune system. Several studies indicated the effectiveness of probiotics in preventing and treating IBD (ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease). Furthermore, there is mounting evidence of probiotics selectively targeting the Th17 lineage in the prevention and management of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as IBD. This review highlights critical roles of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of IBD and the rationale for using probiotics as a novel therapeutic approach for IBD through manipulation of Th17 cells. The potential molecular mechanisms by which probiotics modulate Th17 cells differentiation and production are also discussed.
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Liu J, Kandasamy S, Zhang J, Kirby CW, Karakach T, Hafting J, Critchley AT, Evans F, Prithiviraj B. Prebiotic effects of diet supplemented with the cultivated red seaweed Chondrus crispus or with fructo-oligo-saccharide on host immunity, colonic microbiota and gut microbial metabolites. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:279. [PMID: 26271359 PMCID: PMC4535385 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal microbial communities are diverse and are composed of both beneficial and pathogenic groups. Prebiotics, such as digestion-resistant fibers, influence the composition of gut microbiota, and can contribute to the improvement of host health. The red seaweed Chondrus crispus is rich in dietary fiber and oligosaccharides, however its prebiotic potential has not been studied to date. Methods Prebiotic effects were investigated with weaning rats fed a cultivated C. crispus-supplemented diet. Comparison standards included a fructo-oligo-saccharide (FOS) diet and a basal diet. The colonic microbiome was profiled with a 16S rRNA sequencing-based Phylochip array. Concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feacal samples were determined by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis. Immunoglobulin levels in the blood plasma were analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histo-morphological parameters of the proximal colon tissue were characterized by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results Phylochip array analysis indicated differing microbiome composition among the diet-supplemented and the control groups, with the C. crispus group (2.5 % supplementation) showing larger separation from the control than other treatment groups. In the 2.5 % C. crispus group, the population of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium breve increased (4.9-fold, p = 0.001), and the abundance of pathogenic species such as Clostridium septicum and Streptococcus pneumonia decreased. Higher concentrations of short chain fatty acids (i.e., gut microbial metabolites), including acetic, propionic and butyric acids, were found in faecal samples of the C. crispus-fed rats. Furthermore, both C. crispus and FOS supplemented rats showed significant improvements in proximal colon histo-morphology . Higher faecal moisture was noted in the 2.5 % C. crispus group, and elevated plasma immunoglobulin (IgA and IgG) levels were observed in the 0.5 % C. crispus group, as compared to the basal feed group. Conclusions The results suggest multiple prebiotic effects, such as influencing the composition of gut microbial communities, improvement of gut health and immune modulation in rats supplemented with cultivated C. crispus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0802-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Bokic T, Storr M, Schicho R. Potential Causes and Present Pharmacotherapy of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Overview. Pharmacology 2015; 96:76-85. [PMID: 26139425 DOI: 10.1159/000435816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is currently one of the most common disorders of the digestive system in the Western society. Almost 2 out of 10 people suffer from IBS with women being more affected than men. IBS is associated with abdominal pain, bloating and altered stool consistency and imposes a heavy burden for the affected patients. SUMMARY The pathophysiology of IBS remains elusive although potential causes have been suggested, such as a deranged brain-gut signaling, hypersensitivity of visceral sensory afferent fibers, bacterial gastroenteritis, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), genetic alterations and food sensitivity. Targets for the pharmacotherapy of IBS include the serotonergic and opioidergic system, and the microbial population of the gut. Alternative therapies like traditional Chinese medicine have shown some success in the combat against IBS. Key Messages: Many therapeutics for the treatment of IBS have emerged in the past; however, only a few have met up with the expectations in larger clinical trials. Additionally, the multifactorial etiology of IBS and its variety of cardinal symptoms requires an individual set of therapeutics. This review provides a short overview of potential causes and current pharmacological therapeutics and of additional and alternative therapies for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodor Bokic
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Mansueto P, Seidita A, D’Alcamo A, Carroccio A. Role of FODMAPs in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutr Clin Pract 2015; 30:665-82. [DOI: 10.1177/0884533615569886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Antonio Carroccio
- Internal Medicine, Sciacca Hospital, Agrigento, and University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Fukudo S, Kaneko H, Akiho H, Inamori M, Endo Y, Okumura T, Kanazawa M, Kamiya T, Sato K, Chiba T, Furuta K, Yamato S, Arakawa T, Fujiyama Y, Azuma T, Fujimoto K, Mine T, Miura S, Kinoshita Y, Sugano K, Shimosegawa T. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:11-30. [PMID: 25500976 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-014-1017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
New strategies for the care of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are developing and several novel treatments have been globally produced. New methods of care should be customized geographically because each country has a specific medical system, life style, eating habit, gut microbiota, genes and so on. Several clinical guidelines for IBS have been proposed and the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE) subsequently developed evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for IBS. Sixty-two clinical questions (CQs) comprising 1 definition, 6 epidemiology, 6 pathophysiology, 10 diagnosis, 30 treatment, 4 prognosis, and 5 complications were proposed and statements were made to answer to CQs. A diagnosis algorithm and a three-step treatment was provided for patients with chronic abdominal pain or abdominal discomfort and/or abnormal bowel movement. If more than one alarm symptom/sign, risk factor and/or routine examination is positive, colonoscopy is indicated. If all of them, or the subsequent colonoscopy, are/is negative, Rome III or compatible criteria is applied. After IBS diagnosis, step 1 therapy consisting of diet therapy, behavioral modification and gut-targeted pharmacotherapy is indicated for four weeks. Non-responders to step 1 therapy proceed to the second step that includes psychopharmacological agents and simple psychotherapy for four weeks. In the third step, for patients non-responsive to step 2 therapy, a combination of gut-targeted pharmacotherapy, psychopharmacological treatments and/or specific psychotherapy is/are indicated. Clinical guidelines and consensus for IBS treatment in Japan are well suited for Japanese IBS patients; as such, they may provide useful insight for IBS treatment in other countries around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Fukudo
- Guidelines Committee for creating and evaluating the "Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for irritable bowel syndrome", the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE), K-18 Building 8F, 8-9-13 Ginza, Chuo, Tokyo, 104-0061, Japan,
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Johnson-Henry KC, Pinnell LJ, Waskow AM, Irrazabal T, Martin A, Hausner M, Sherman PM. Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide and inulin modulate inflammatory responses and microbial communities in Caco2-bbe cells and in a mouse model of intestinal injury. J Nutr 2014; 144:1725-33. [PMID: 25143376 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.195081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the ability of prebiotics to prevent pathogen-induced cellular changes or alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in complimentary relevant cell and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if pretreatment with inulin and a short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (sc-FOS) prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Caco2-bbe epithelial cells and what effect 10% wt:v sc-FOS or inulin has on C57BL/6 mice under sham conditions or pretreatment with prebiotics before Citrobacter rodentium infection (10(8) colony-forming units). METHODS Actin rearrangement and tight junction protein (zona occludin-1) were examined with immunofluorescence. Barrier function was assessed by a fluorescent probe and by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Alterations in cytokine gene expression and microbiome were assessed with quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured by GC. RESULTS sc-FOS added to monolayers altered actin polymerization without affecting TER or permeability to a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe, whereas inulin increased TER (P < 0.005) and altered actin arrangement without affecting FITC permeability. Neither prebiotic attenuated EHEC-induced decreases in barrier function. Prebiotics increased interleukin 10 (Il10) and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) cytokine responses alone (P < 0.05) or with EHEC O157:H7 infection (P < 0.05) in vitro. Increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) (P < 0.05) and decreases in chemokine CXC motif ligand 8 (Cxcl8) (P < 0.05) expression were observed with prebiotic treatment prior to EHEC infection. No differences were noted in barrier function or cytokine responses in the absence or presence of C. rodentium in vivo. Alterations in microbiome were evident at 6 d and 10 d postinfection in treatment groups, but a change in C. rodentium load was not observed. Inulin and sc-FOS (P < 0.05) increased fecal SCFAs in the absence of infection. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights as to how prebiotics act in complementary in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee J Pinnell
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra M Waskow
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
| | | | - Alberto Martin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martina Hausner
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
| | - Philip M Sherman
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;
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50
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König J, Brummer R. Alteration of the intestinal microbiota as a cause of and a potential therapeutic option in irritable bowel syndrome. Benef Microbes 2014; 5:247-61. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2013.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota forms a complex ecosystem that is in close contact with its host and has an important impact on health. An increasing number of disorders are associated with disturbances in this ecosystem. Also patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) show an altered composition of their gut microbiota. IBS is a multifactorial chronic disorder characterised by various abdominal complaints and a worldwide prevalence of 10-20%. Even though its aetiology and pathophysiology are complex and not well understood, it is widely accepted that aberrations along the microbe-gut-brain axis are involved. In this review, it will be discussed how exogenous factors, e.g. antibiotics, can cause disbalance in the intestinal microbiota and thereby contribute to the development of IBS. In addition, several new IBS treatment options that aim at re-establishing a healthy, beneficial ecosystem will be described. These include antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics and faecal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. König
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - R.J. Brummer
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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