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Yang HL, Byun SJ, Park S, Lee SH, Park SJ, Jung SY. Antihypertensive Use and the Risk of Cataract in Patients with Hypertension: A Nationwide Case-control Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2023; 30:499-508. [PMID: 36369827 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2022.2145612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the association between antihypertensive use and the risk of cataract in a matched case-control study. METHODS We analysed the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort database from 2002 to 2013. We defined 'cases' as patients prescribed antihypertensives and underwent their first eye cataract surgery between 2010 and 2013. 'Controls' were patients prescribed antihypertensives and no history of cataract surgery or diagnosis between 2002 and 2013. Four controls were matched to each case by several variables. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for cataract risk using a conditional logistic regression model after adjustment. RESULTS The analyses comprised 12,166 cases and 48,664 controls. The adjusted ORs for cataracts were 1.18 (95% CI: 1.12-1.24) in thiazide diuretics, 1.12 (95% CI: 1.07-1.18) in beta-blockers, 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90-1.00) in calcium channel blockers, 1.22 (95% CI: 1.14-1.30) in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.91-1.03) in angiotensin II receptor blockers compared to 'non-use' of each antihypertensive. CONCLUSION In a nationwide case-control study, the use of thiazide diuretics, beta-blockers, or ACE inhibitors do not represent minimal clinical important difference in the risk of cataract and the use of calcium channel blockers or angiotensin II receptor blockers is not associated with an increased risk of cataracts compared to non-use of each antihypertensive. Given the benefits of treating hypertension, such as the reduction in further complications, we suggest there is no need to change current clinical practice for antihypertensives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Lim Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jun Byun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewon Park
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ghosh A, Pawar AB, Chirmade T, Jathar SM, Bhambure R, Sengupta D, Giri AP, Kulkarni MJ. Investigation of the Captopril-Insulin Interaction by Mass Spectrometry and Computational Approaches Reveals that Captopril Induces Structural Changes in Insulin. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23115-23126. [PMID: 35847342 PMCID: PMC9280767 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications remarkably regulate proteins' biological function. Small molecules such as reactive thiols, metabolites, and drugs may covalently modify the proteins and cause structural changes. This study reports the covalent modification and noncovalent interaction of insulin and captopril, an FDA-approved antihypertensive drug, through mass spectrometric and computation-based approaches. Mass spectrometric analysis shows that captopril modifies intact insulin, reduces it into its "A" and "B" chains, and covalently modifies them by forming adducts. Since captopril has a reactive thiol group, it might reduce the insulin dimer or modify it by reacting with cysteine residues. This was proven with dithiothreitol treatment, which reduced the abundance of captopril adducts of insulin A and B chains and intact Insulin. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric analysis identified the modification of a total of four cysteine residues, two in each of the A and B chains of insulin. These modifications were identified to be Cys6 and Cys7 of the A chain and Cys7 and Cys19 of the B chain. Mass spectrometric analysis indicated that captopril may simultaneously modify the cysteine residues of intact insulin or its subunits A and B chains. Biophysical studies involving light scattering and thioflavin T assay suggested that the binding of captopril to the protein leads to the formation of aggregates. Docking and molecular dynamics studies provided insights into the noncovalent interactions and associated structural changes in insulin. This work is a maiden attempt to understand the detailed molecular interactions between captopril and insulin. These findings suggest that further investigations are required to understand the long-term effect of drugs like captopril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Ghosh
- Biochemical
Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aiswarya B. Pawar
- Physical
and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National
Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Tejas Chirmade
- Chemical
Engineering and Process Development, CSIR-National
Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Swaraj M. Jathar
- Biochemical
Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rahul Bhambure
- Chemical
Engineering and Process Development, CSIR-National
Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Durba Sengupta
- Physical
and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National
Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashok P. Giri
- Biochemical
Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mahesh J. Kulkarni
- Biochemical
Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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3
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Varghese SS, Eekhoudt CR, Jassal DS. Mechanisms of anthracycline-mediated cardiotoxicity and preventative strategies in women with breast cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3099-3109. [PMID: 33835331 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While anthracyclines (ACs) are a class of chemotherapeutic agents that have improved the prognosis of many women with breast cancer, it is one of the most cardiotoxic agents used to treat cancer. Despite their reported dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, AC-based chemotherapy has become the mainstay of breast cancer therapy due to its efficacy. Elucidating the mechanisms of anthracycline-mediated cardiotoxicity and associated therapeutic interventions continue to be the main focus in the field of cardio-oncology. Herein, we summarized the current literature surrounding the mechanisms of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, including the role of topoisomerase II inhibition, generation of reactive oxygen species, and elevations in free radicals. Furthermore, this review highlights the molecular mechanisms of potential cardioprotective interventions in this setting. The benefits of pharmaceuticals, including dexrazoxane, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, statins, and antioxidants in this setting, are reviewed. Finally, the mechanisms of emerging preventative interventions within this patient population including nutraceuticals and aerobic exercise are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu S Varghese
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Cameron R Eekhoudt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Davinder S Jassal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Radiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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4
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Dai W, Tham YC, Chee ML, Majithia S, Poh S, Tan AG, Tao Y, Wang JJ, Cheng CY. Systemic medications and cortical cataract: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2019; 104:330-335. [PMID: 31272959 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To evaluate the association between systemic medications and cortical cataract prevalence in an Asian population. METHODS The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study recruited 10 033 Chinese, Malay and Indian residents aged 40+ years living in Singapore. Information on medication use was collected at interview using questionnaires. The presence and severity of cortical cataract were assessed from lens photographs using the modified Wisconsin Cataract Grading System. Associations between medications and the presence of cortical cataract were assessed using logistic regression. Associations between medications and greater severity of cortical cataract (none, minimal, early and late) were assessed using ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 8965 participants were included, the mean age was 57.6 (SD=9.8) years, and 4555 (50.8%) were women. After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, socioeconomic status, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, duration of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, ACE inhibitors (OR=1.27; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.55), fibrates (OR=1.57; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.35), alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) (OR=1.85; 95% CI 1.13 to 3.02) and insulin (OR=1.80; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.93) were significantly associated with the presence of cortical cataract. Further adjusting for concurrent medication use did not alter these associations. Consistently, the four medications were also associated with a greater severity level of cortical cataract. CONCLUSION ACE inhibitors, fibrates and AGIs were associated with increased prevalence of cortical cataract in this Asian population, independent of the presence of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes, respectively. Whether they contribute to the risk of cortical cataract needs confirmation in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yih Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Miao Li Chee
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shivani Majithia
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stanley Poh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ava Grace Tan
- Centre for Vision Research,Department of Ophthalmology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yijin Tao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First AffiliatedHospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore .,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Universityof Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EyeACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Decreased Risk of Radiation Pneumonitis With Coincident Concurrent Use of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Patients Receiving Lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy. Am J Clin Oncol 2019; 41:576-580. [PMID: 27560156 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) have demonstrated decreased rates of radiation-induced lung injury in animal models and clinical reports have demonstrated decreased pneumonitis in the setting of conventionally fractionated radiation to the lung. We tested the role of ACEi in diminishing rates of symptomatic (grade ≥2) pneumonitis in the setting of lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). METHODS We analyzed patients treated with thoracic SBRT to 48 to 60 Gy in 4 to 5 fractions from 2006 to 2014. We reviewed pretreatment and posttreatment medication profiles to document use of ACEi, angiotensin receptor blockers, bronchodilators, aspirin, PDE-5 inhibitors, nitrates, and endothelin receptor antagonists. Pneumonitis was graded posttreatment based on Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed and time to development of pneumonitis was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS A total of 189 patients were evaluated with a median follow-up of 24.8 months. The overall 1-year rate of symptomatic pneumonitis was 13.2%. The 1-year rate of symptomatic pneumonitis was 4.2% for ACEi users versus 16.3% in nonusers (P=0.03). On univariate analysis, the odds of developing grade 2 or greater pneumonitis were significantly lower for patients on ACEi (P=0.03). On multivariate analysis, after controlling for clinicopathologic characteristics and dosimetric endpoints, there was a significant association between ACEi use and decreased risk of clinical pneumonitis (P=0.04). Angiotensin receptor blockers or other bronchoactive medications did not show significant associations with development of pneumonitis. CONCLUSIONS Incidental concurrent use of ACEi demonstrated efficacy in diminishing rates of symptomatic pneumonitis in the setting of lung SBRT.
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Mirza AZ, Althagafi II, Shamshad H. Role of PPAR receptor in different diseases and their ligands: Physiological importance and clinical implications. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:502-513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Jain V, Berman AT. Radiation Pneumonitis: Old Problem, New Tricks. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E222. [PMID: 29970850 PMCID: PMC6071030 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a major treatment modality for management of non-small cell lung cancer. Radiation pneumonitis is a dose limiting toxicity of radiotherapy, affecting its therapeutic ratio. This review presents patient and treatment related factors associated with the development of radiation pneumonitis. Research focusing on reducing the incidence of radiation pneumonitis by using information about lung ventilation, imaging-based biomarkers as well as normal tissue complication models is discussed. Recent advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying lung injury has led to the development of several targeted interventions, which are also explored in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Jain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Abigail T Berman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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8
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Deng G, Liang N, Xie J, Luo H, Qiao L, Zhang J, Wang D, Zhang J. Pulmonary toxicity generated from radiotherapeutic treatment of thoracic malignancies. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:501-511. [PMID: 28693198 PMCID: PMC5494764 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) remains a major obstacle for thoracic radiotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer, esophageal cancer and lymphoma. It is the principal dose-limiting complication, and can markedly impair the therapeutic ratio as well as a patient's quality of life. The current review presents the relevant concepts associated with RILI, including the pathogenic mechanisms and the potential treatment strategies, so as to achieve a general understanding of this issue. RILI comprises an acute radiation pneumonitis phase and subsequent late lung fibrosis. The established assessment criteria are clinical manifestations, imaging changes and the necessity for medical assistance. Risk factors are also considered in order to optimize treatment planning. Due to the underlying molecular mechanisms of RILI, the present review also discusses several targeted pharmacological approaches for its treatment, as well as corticosteroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Lili Qiao
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Graduate School, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Jjf Belch
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland
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10
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Mikrut K, Kupsz J, Kozlik J, Krauss H, Pruszynska-Oszmałek E, Gibas-Dorna M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduce oxidative stress intensity in hyperglicemic conditions in rats independently from bradykinin receptor inhibitors. Croat Med J 2017; 57:371-80. [PMID: 27586552 PMCID: PMC5048232 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2016.57.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate whether bradykinin-independent antioxidative effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) exist in acute hyperglycemia. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into the normoglycemic group (n = 40) and the hyperglycemic group (n = 40). Hyperglycemia was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in 0.1 mol/L citrate buffer (pH 4.5) 72 hours before sacrifice. The normoglycemic group received the same volume of citrate buffer. Each group was divided into five subgroups (n = 8): control group, captopril group, captopril + bradykinin B1 and B2 receptor antagonists group, enalapril group, and enalapril + bradykinin B1 and B2 receptor antagonists group. Captopril, enalapril, B1 and B2 receptor antagonists, or 0.15 mol/L NaCl were given at 2 and 1 hour before sacrifice. Oxidative status was determined by measuring the concentration of malondialdehyde and H2O2, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Results In STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats ACEIs significantly reduced H2O2 and MDA concentration, while they significantly enhanced SOD and GPx activity. The hyperglycemic group treated simultaneously with ACEIs and bradykinin B1 and B2 receptor antagonists showed a significant decrease in H2O2 concentration compared to the control hyperglycemic group. Conclusion These results suggest the existence of additional antioxidative effect of ACEIs in hyperglycemic conditions, which is not related to the bradykinin mediation and the structure of the drug molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Mikrut
- Kinga Mikrut, Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego St., 6, 60-781 Poznan, Poland,
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11
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Ahmad I, Yanuar A, Mulia K, Mun'im A. Review of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitory Assay: Rapid Method in Drug Discovery of Herbal Plants. Pharmacogn Rev 2017; 11:1-7. [PMID: 28503045 PMCID: PMC5414448 DOI: 10.4103/phrev.phrev_45_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a signaling pathway which responsible in the blood pressure regulation. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is one of the key elements responsible for the hypertensive mechanism. It converts angiotensin-I to angiotensin-II. The discovery history of the ACE inhibitory activity assay method has been through a long stage for decades and development continues until today. The ACE inhibitory activity has become an effective screening method in the search for new antihypertensive agents from herbal plants. Some of in vitro assay methods were used to examine the activity of ACE inhibitors based on the substrate usage, such as; Cushman and Cheung Method using a substrate hippuryl-histidyl-leucine (HHL), Holmquist method using a substrate furanacryloyl-tripeptide, Elbl and Wagner method using a substrate benzoil-[l-14C] glicyl-L-histidine-L-leucine, Carmel and Yaron method using a substrate o-aminobenzoylglycyl-p-nitrophenylalanilproline, and Lam method using 3-hydroxybutyrylglycyl-glycyl-glycine as substrate. Several different methods to measure the results of enzymatic reactions or separating substrate with products, including spectrophotometric, fluorometric, high-performance liquid chromatography, electrophoresis, and radiochemistry. Application of the test method for screening the ACE inhibitors activity and investigation of active compounds from natural products can be done easily with this method, it is very helpful in research because the results obtained are simple, accurate, and rapid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islamudin Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan 75116, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia
| | - Arry Yanuar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia
| | - Kamarza Mulia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Mun'im
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia
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12
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Elmi A, Sadeghi Z, Elmi S, Daraei B, Ghazi-Khansari M. Hepatoprotective role of captopril on paraquat induced hepatotoxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 26:789-94. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327107084533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a highly toxic herbicide that is used in most of the countries without restriction. The cytotoxic effect of PQ is mediated by radicals, which are the products of PQ reduction in cells. The anti-oxidative action of captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, appears to be through its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species. In this study, the heptoprotective effect of captopril against PQ-induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated using primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were isolated from male Wistar rats using a two-step collagenase perfusion, following incubation in the presence of captopril at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mM with or without PQ (5 mM). Hepatoprotective effects of captopril were studied indicating glutathione level intensity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) formation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and cell viability every 70 min for 210 min. Captopril at 0.2 mM concentration maintained the LDH leakage, glutathione level and cell viability in the presence of 5 mM PQ. In spite of a significant elevation in TBARs formation in the PQ group, captopril did not show any significant protection. In conclusion, our data reveals that incubation of freshly isolated rat hepa-tocytes with captopril (0.2 mM) significantly protected the hepatocytes against the cytotoxicity of PQ ( P < 0.05). Human & Experimental Toxicology (2007) 26, 789— 794
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Elmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zh Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - S. Elmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - B. Daraei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarblat Modares University
| | - M. Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,
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13
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Prieto-Moure B, Lloris-Carsí JM, Barrios-Pitarque C, Toledo-Pereyra LH, Lajara-Romance JM, Berda-Antolí M, Lloris-Cejalvo JM, Cejalvo-Lapeña D. Pharmacology of Ischemia-Reperfusion. Translational Research Considerations. J INVEST SURG 2016; 29:234-49. [PMID: 27216877 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2015.1119219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IRI) is a complex physiopathological mechanism involving a large number of metabolic processes that can eventually lead to cell apoptosis and ultimately tissue necrosis. Treatment approaches intended to reduce or palliate the effects of IRI are varied, and are aimed basically at: inhibiting cell apoptosis and the complement system in the inflammatory process deriving from IRI, modulating calcium levels, maintaining mitochondrial membrane integrity, reducing the oxidative effects of IRI and levels of inflammatory cytokines, or minimizing the action of macrophages, neutrophils, and other cell types. This study involved an extensive, up-to-date review of the bibliography on the currently most widely used active products in the treatment and prevention of IRI, and their mechanisms of action, in an aim to obtain an overview of current and potential future treatments for this pathological process. The importance of IRI is clearly reflected by the large number of studies published year after year, and by the variety of pathophysiological processes involved in this major vascular problem. A quick study of the evolution of IRI-related publications in PubMed shows that in a single month in 2014, 263 articles were published, compared to 806 articles in the entire 1990.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis-H Toledo-Pereyra
- c Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine and Michigan State University , College of Human Medicine , Kalamazoo , MI
| | | | - M Berda-Antolí
- b Experimental Surgery , Catholic University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - J M Lloris-Cejalvo
- b Experimental Surgery , Catholic University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
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14
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Wan Mohtar WAAQI, Hamid AA, Abd-Aziz S, Muhamad SKS, Saari N. Preparation of bioactive peptides with high angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity from winged bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.] seed. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 51:3658-68. [PMID: 25477632 PMCID: PMC4252404 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Winged bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.] seed is a potential underexploited source of vegetable protein due to its high protein content. In the present work, undefatted and defatted winged bean seed hydrolysates, designated as UWBSH and DWBSH, respectively were produced separately by four proteolytic enzymes namely Flavourzyme, Alcalase, Bromelain, and Papain using pH-stat method in a batch reactor. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out over a period of 0.5 to 5 h. UWBSH and DWBSH produced were tested for their ACE inhibitory activity in relation to the hydrolysis time and degree of hydrolysis (DH). Maximum ACE inhibitory activity, both for UWBSH and DWBSH, were observed during 3 to 5 h of hydrolysis. Both, UWBSH (DH 91.84 %), and DWSBH (DH 18.72 %), produced by Papain at 5 h hydrolysis, exhibited exceptionally high ACE inhibitory activity with IC50 value 0.064 and 0.249 mg mL(-1), respectively. Besides, papain-produced UWBSH and DWBSH were further fractionated into three fractions based on molecular weight (UWBSH-I, <10 kDa; UWBSH-II, <5 kDa; UWBSH-III, <2 kDa) and (DWBSH-I, <10 kDa; DWBSH-II, <5 kDa; DWBSH-III, <2 kDa). UWBSH-III revealed the highest ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 0.003 mg mL(-1)) compared with DWBSH-III (IC50 0.130 mg mL(-1)). The results of the present investigation revealed that winged bean seed hydrolysates can be explored as a potential source of ACE inhibitory peptides suggesting their uses for physiological benefits as well as for other functional food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Abd Al-Qadr Imad Wan Mohtar
- />Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Azizah Abdul Hamid
- />Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Suraini Abd-Aziz
- />Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Kharidah Syed Muhamad
- />Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nazamid Saari
- />Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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15
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van der Veen SJ, Ghobadi G, de Boer RA, Faber H, Cannon MV, Nagle PW, Brandenburg S, Langendijk JA, van Luijk P, Coppes RP. ACE inhibition attenuates radiation-induced cardiopulmonary damage. Radiother Oncol 2014; 114:96-103. [PMID: 25465731 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In thoracic irradiation, the maximum radiation dose is restricted by the risk of radiation-induced cardiopulmonary damage and dysfunction limiting tumor control. We showed that radiation-induced sub-clinical cardiac damage and lung damage in rats mutually interact and that combined irradiation intensifies cardiopulmonary toxicity. Unfortunately, current clinical practice does not include preventative measures to attenuate radiation-induced lung or cardiac toxicity. Here, we investigate the effects of the ACE inhibitor captopril on radiation-induced cardiopulmonary damage. MATERIAL AND METHODS After local irradiation of rat heart and/or lungs captopril was administered orally. Cardiopulmonary performance was assessed using biweekly breathing rate measurements. At 8 weeks post-irradiation, cardiac hemodynamics were measured, CT scans and histopathology were analyzed. RESULTS Captopril significantly improved breathing rate and cardiopulmonary density/structure, but only when the heart was included in the radiation field. Consistently, captopril reduced radiation-induced pleural and pericardial effusion and cardiac fibrosis, resulting in an improved left ventricular end-diastolic pressure only in the heart-irradiated groups. CONCLUSION Captopril improves cardiopulmonary morphology and function by reducing acute cardiac damage, a risk factor in the development of radiation-induced cardiopulmonary toxicity. ACE inhibition should be evaluated as a strategy to reduce cardiopulmonary complications induced by radiotherapy to the thoracic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja J van der Veen
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ghazaleh Ghobadi
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hette Faber
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Megan V Cannon
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W Nagle
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes A Langendijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Luijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P Coppes
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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16
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Kapungu GP, Rukweza G, Tran T, Mbiya W, Adigun R, Ndungu P, Martincigh B, Simoyi RH. Oxyhalogen–Sulfur Chemistry: Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Captopril by Acidified Bromate and Aqueous Bromine. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2704-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312672w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thai Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland,
Oregon 97207-0751, United States
| | - Wilbes Mbiya
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland,
Oregon 97207-0751, United States
| | - Risikat Adigun
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland,
Oregon 97207-0751, United States
| | - Patrick Ndungu
- School of Chemistry
and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Bice Martincigh
- School of Chemistry
and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Reuben H. Simoyi
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland,
Oregon 97207-0751, United States
- School of Chemistry
and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
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17
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Kim JH, Kim H, Kim YH, Chung WS, Suh JK, Kim SJ. Antioxidant effect of captopril and enalapril on reactive oxygen species-induced endothelial dysfunction in the rabbit abdominal aorta. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2013; 46:14-21. [PMID: 23422724 PMCID: PMC3573160 DOI: 10.5090/kjtcs.2013.46.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be related to cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have demonstrated that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have beneficial effects against ROS. We investigated the antioxidant effect of captopril and enalapril in nitric oxide mediated vascular endothelium-dependent relaxations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated rabbit abdominal aorta ring segments were exposed to ROS by electrolysis of the organ bath medium (Krebs-Henseleit solution) after pretreatment with various concentrations (range, 10(-5) to 3×10(-4) M) of captopril and enalapril. Before and after electrolysis, the endothelial function was measured by preconstricting the vessels with norepinephrine (10(-6) M) followed by the cumulative addition of acetylcholine (range, 3×10(-8) to 10(-6) M). The relevance of the superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide scavenging effect of captopril and enalapril was investigated using additional pretreatments of diethyldithiocarbamate (DETCA, 0.5 mM), an inhibitor of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3AT, 50 mM), an inhibitor of catalase. RESULTS Both captopril and enalapril preserved vascular endothelium-dependent relaxation after exposure to ROS in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.0001). Pretreatment with DETCA attenuated the antioxidant effect of captopril and enalapril (p<0.0001), but pretreatment with 3AT did not have an effect. CONCLUSION Both captopril and enalapril protect endothelium against ROS in a dose-dependent fashion in isolated rabbit abdominal aortas. This protective effect is related to superoxide anion scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Sicho Subcenter, Seocheon County Public Health Center, Korea
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18
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The in vitro free radical scavenging activity of tenidap, a new dual cyclo-oxygenase and 5-1ipoxygenase inhibitor. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 1:141-3. [PMID: 18475454 PMCID: PMC2365331 DOI: 10.1155/s0962935192000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenidap, a new anti-inflammatory drug, is presently undergoing clinical studies as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Early pilot work has shown it to be of some benefit. Tenidap is a dual inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase enzymes. It has also been shown to modify white blood cell behaviour such as interleukin-1 production, monocyte differentiation and neutrophil degranulation. As free radicals (FRs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA, we used an in vitro assay system developed by Misra and Fridovich to assess if tenidap has FR scavenging effects. Our study shows, for the first time, that tenidap has general FR scavenging effects although no effect on the superoxide anion (O2·-) could be demonstrated. This effect occurred in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations above 20 μg/ml (p < 0.005, Mann-Whitney U-test). As the therapeutic range of tenidap in serum is between 15 and 30 μg/ml such FR scavenging activity may be clinically relevant in the treatment of RA. Ex vivo confirmation of this possibility is underway.
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Abstract
Abstract
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20
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Sharma S, Lakshmi KS. Potential of Allylmercaptocaptopril as an
Anti Cataract Agent against Galactosemic
Cataract in Rats: An in Vitro and in Vivo Studies. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2011. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/82712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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22
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Davis TA, Landauer MR, Mog SR, Barshishat-Kupper M, Zins SR, Amare MF, Day RM. Timing of captopril administration determines radiation protection or radiation sensitization in a murine model of total body irradiation. Exp Hematol 2010; 38:270-81. [PMID: 20116413 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiotensin II (Ang II), a potent vasoconstrictor, affects the growth and development of hematopoietic cells. Mixed findings have been reported for the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on radiation-induced injury to the hematopoietic system. We investigated the consequences of different regimens of the ACE inhibitor captopril on radiation-induced hematopoietic injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were either sham-irradiated or exposed to (60)Co total body irradiation (0.6 Gy/min). Captopril was provided in the water for different time periods relative to irradiation. RESULTS In untreated mice, the survival rate from 7.5 Gy was 50% at 30 days postirradiation. Captopril treatment for 7 days prior to irradiation resulted in radiosensitization with 100% lethality and a rapid decline in mature blood cells. In contrast, captopril treatment beginning 1 hour postirradiation and continuing for 30 days resulted in 100% survival, with improved recovery of mature blood cells and multilineage hematopoietic progenitors. In nonirradiated control mice, captopril biphasically modulated Lin(-) marrow progenitor cell cycling. After 2 days, captopril suppressed G(0)-G(1) transition and a greater number of cells entered a quiescent state. However, after 7 days of captopril treatment Lin(-) progenitor cell cycling increased compared to untreated control mice. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that ACE inhibition affects hematopoietic recovery following radiation by modulating the hematopoietic progenitor cell cycle. The timing of captopril treatment relative to radiation exposure differentially affects the viability and repopulation capacity of spared hematopoietic stem cells and, therefore, can result in either radiation protection or radiation sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Davis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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23
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Sousa T, Pinho D, Morato M, Marques-Lopes J, Fernandes E, Afonso J, Oliveira S, Carvalho F, Albino-Teixeira A. Role of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in hypertension induced by an antagonist of adenosine receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 588:267-76. [PMID: 18519134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of Wistar rats for 7 days with 1,3-dipropyl-8-sulfophenylxanthine (DPSPX), an antagonist of adenosine receptors, induces long-lasting hypertension associated with marked changes in vascular structure and reactivity and renin-angiotensin system activation. This study aimed at evaluating the role of oxidative stress in the development of DPSPX-induced hypertension and also at identifying the relative contribution of superoxide radical (O2.-) vs hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Vascular and systemic prooxidant/antioxidant status was evaluated in sham (saline, i.p., 7 days) and DPSPX (90 microg/kg/h, i.p., 7 days)-treated rats. Systolic blood pressure was determined by invasive and non-invasive methods. The activity of vascular NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase was assayed by fluorometric/spectrophotometric methods. H2O2 levels were measured using an Amplex Red Hydrogen Peroxide kit. Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and plasma antioxidant capacity were also measured. In addition we tested the effects of antioxidants or inhibitors of reactive oxygen species generation on blood pressure, vascular hyperplasia and oxidative stress parameters. DPSPX-hypertensive rats showed increased activity of vascular NADPH oxidase, SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as increased H2O2 generation. DPSPX-hypertensive rats also had increased plasma lipid peroxidation and decreased plasma antioxidant capacity. Treatment with apocynin (1.5 mmol/l, per os, 14 days), or with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase (10,000 U/kg/day, i.p., 8 days), prevented the DPSPX-induced effects on blood pressure, vascular structure and H2O2 levels. Tempol (3 mmol/l, per os, 14 days) failed to inhibit these changes, unless PEG-catalase was co-administered. It is concluded that O2.- generation with subsequent formation of H2O2 plays a major role in the development of DPSPX-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Sousa
- Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of Porto and IBMC, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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24
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Evens AM, Mehta J, Gordon LI. Rust and corrosion in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: the problem of iron and oxidative stress. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 34:561-71. [PMID: 15286699 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload is a common acute and long-term event associated with autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In a state of iron excess, free iron becomes available to catalyze the conversion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) intermediates such as superoxide anion (O2*-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to highly toxic free radicals such as hydroxyl radical (OH*). ROS may help to promote chronic liver disease, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, idiopathic pneumonia syndrome and bacterial, fungal and other opportunistic infections. Phlebotomy has been effectively and safely used to deplete excess iron stores post-HSCT in thalassemic and other iron-overloaded patients. Intracellular iron levels may also be decreased through pharmacologic chelating agents, while antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine, glutamine (glutathione precursor) and captopril have been shown to replenish glutathione redox potential and scavenge free radicals. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the iron-generated pro-oxidant state associated with HSCT will likely lead to reduced toxicity and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Evens
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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25
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Moulder JE, Fish BL, Cohen EP. Impact of angiotensin II type 2 receptor blockade on experimental radiation nephropathy. Radiat Res 2004; 161:312-7. [PMID: 14982483 DOI: 10.1667/rr3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the rat, blockade of angiotensin II type 1 receptors diminishes the functional changes that occur after kidney irradiation. It has been hypothesized that some of the beneficial effects of angiotensin II type 1 blockers in renal disease are caused by a rise in angiotensin II that stimulates the angiotensin II type 2 receptor. If this hypothesis applied in this model, blockade of the type 2 receptor should exacerbate radiation nephropathy and/or counteract the beneficial effects of type 1 receptor blockade. To assess this hypothesis, rats were given total-body irradiation plus bone marrow transplantation and then treated for 12 weeks with a type 1 receptor blocker (L158,809), a type 2 blocker (PD123319), both blockers, or no blockers. Rats were assessed for renal function (proteinuria, hypertension, azotemia) and renal failure for up to 62 weeks. Contrary to the hypothesis, the type 2 blocker alone produced a temporary delay in the development of radiation nephropathy, and it substantially enhanced the efficacy of the type 1 blocker. This implies that both type 1 and type 2 angiotensin receptors need to be blocked to achieve the maximum level of prophylaxis of radiation nephropathy. We speculate that the beneficial effect of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor blocker is due to a reduction in radiation-induced renal cell proliferation or fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers
- Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers
- Animals
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Interactions
- Imidazoles/administration & dosage
- Kidney Diseases/blood
- Kidney Diseases/diagnosis
- Kidney Diseases/drug therapy
- Kidney Diseases/metabolism
- Kidney Function Tests
- Male
- Pyridines/administration & dosage
- Radiation Injuries, Experimental/blood
- Radiation Injuries, Experimental/diagnosis
- Radiation Injuries, Experimental/drug therapy
- Radiation Injuries, Experimental/metabolism
- Radiation Injuries, Experimental/prevention & control
- Radiation Protection/methods
- Radiation Tolerance/drug effects
- Rats
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Tetrazoles/administration & dosage
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Moulder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
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26
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LAPENNA DOMENICO, DE GIOIA SERGIO, CIOFANI GIULIANO, DANIELE FRANCA, CUCCURULLO FRANCO. Captopril has no significant scavenging antioxidant activity in human plasmain vitroorin vivo. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1996.tb00007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
Carcinoma of the gallbladder has a very unusual geographical distribution with pockets of high incidence seen in Chile, Poland, India, Japan and Israel; it occurs rarely in the rest of the world. It is a common malignancy in the Western Bihar and Eastern Uttar Pradesh regions of India. Patients present with extremes of clinical symptoms, indicating benign biliary diseases on the one hand and incurable malignant disease on the other. Laboratory and roentgenographic data tend to confirm the clinical diagnosis of the advanced incurable disease at presentation, in most cases. Various aetiopathological agents have been proposed but none has stood the test of time. In this article, we have reviewed the aetiopathological agents proposed from time to time over the past two centuries, with special emphasis on the developments made in the last 25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pandey
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College PO, Trivandrum 695 011, Kerala, India.
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28
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Abd El-Aziz MA, Othman AI, Amer M, El-Missiry MA. Potential protective role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors captopril and enalapril against adriamycin-induced acute cardiac and hepatic toxicity in rats. J Appl Toxicol 2001; 21:469-73. [PMID: 11746193 DOI: 10.1002/jat.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Captopril and enalapril-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors-were evaluated for their antioxidative protective action against adriamycin-induced cardiac and hepatic toxicity. Rats were treated with either captopril (10 mg kg(-1)) or enalapril (2 mg kg(-1)) intragastrically (i.g.) daily for 7 days before single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with adriamycin (15 mg kg(-1)). The animals were killed 30 h after adriamycin administration. Adriamycin produced significant elevation in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and significantly inhibited the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in heart and liver tissues, with a significant rise in the serum levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), indicating acute cardiac toxicity. A single injection of adriamycin did not affect the cardiac or hepatic glutathione (GSH) content or cardiac catalase (CAT) activity, but hepatic CAT activity was elevated. Pretreatment with ACE inhibitors significantly reduced the TBARS concentration in both heart and liver and ameliorated the inhibition of cardiac and hepatic SOD activity. In addition, the ACE inhibitors significantly improved the serum levels of GOT, GPT, CK-MB and LDH in adriamycin-treated rats. Thus, these results suggest that captopril and enalapril possess antioxidative potential that may protect the heart against adriamycin-induced acute oxidative toxicity. This protective effect might be mediated, at least in part, by the limitation of culprit free radicals and the amelioration of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Abd El-Aziz
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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29
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Selim Isbir C, Dogan R, Tuncer M, Aydin M. The Effect Of Enalapril Maleat In Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Possible Role of Membrane Bound Enzymes. Int J Angiol 2001; 10:47-49. [PMID: 11178788 DOI: 10.1007/bf01616345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the protective effect of enalapril maleat on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Membrane bound enzymes; Na(+)K(+)/Mg(2+) ATPase and Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ATPase are known to regulate the membrane integrity. We hypothesized that if we could protect the cell membrane in ischemia-reperfusion period, we might have a chance to augment contractility. Thirty-two Guinea pig hearts were studied in an isolated Krebs-Henseleit solution-perfused Langendorff cardiac model. In Group 1, control hearts (n = 8) were arrested with St. Thomas Cardioplegic Solution (STHCS) alone. In Group 2 (n = 8), animals were pretreated with oral enalapril maleat (0.2mg/kg/daily) for ten days and arrested with STHCS. In Group 3, (n = 8) the hearts were arrested with enalapril maleat- (1 µmol/L) added STHCS. In Group 4 (n = 8), the hearts were again pretreated with oral enalapril maleat for ten days and then reperfused with enalapril maleat-added Krebs-Henseleit solution. Hearts were subjected to normothermic global ischemia for 90 minutes and then were reperfused at 37 degrees C. The study groups showed better recovery of left ventricular systolic function. In terms of biochemical determinations, best results were achieved at Group 4. The Na(+)K(+) ATPase and Ca(2+) ATPase levels were measured at 466.38 +/- 5.99 to 545.23 +/- 8.79, and 884.69 +/- 9.13 to 1254.34 +/- 1.56, respectively (p < 0.05). Based on these results, it can be concluded that enalapril maleat protects the membrane integrity and thus plays a role in restoring the contractility in ischemia-reperfusion injury. </hea
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Affiliation(s)
- C Selim Isbir
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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30
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Agha AM, Mansour M. Effects of captopril on interleukin-6, leukotriene B(4), and oxidative stress markers in serum and inflammatory exudate of arthritic rats: evidence of antiinflammatory activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2000; 168:123-30. [PMID: 11032767 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2000.8985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that captopril (CP) exhibited a high ability to inhibit enzymatically generated leukotrienes, particularly LTB(4), from stimulated intact human neutrophils. This finding together with the immunosuppressive effect of CP have proposed a possible antiinflammatory activity for the drug. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of CP on immunologically mediated chronic inflammation; two models were chosen, namely, Freund's adjuvant arthritis and mixed-type hypersensitivity in rat. The effect of CP was assessed on the basis of physical parameter (paw edema) and biochemical markers in blood and inflammatory exudate. CP was given daily during the course of inflammation development. It was administered ip at three doses, viz. 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg. The results claimed that CP succeeded in suppressing edema evolution in hind paws of Freund's arthritic animals, during all phases of the disease. During the chronic phase of inflammation, in either model, CP reduced the elevated serum and exudate (local) LTB(4) and IL-6 levels. The effect on LTB(4) was more pronounced in the exudate and tended to be dose-related. The antiarthritic effect of CP was also accompanied by augmentation of serum level of protein thiols, with reduction or normalization of elevated systemic and/or local levels of lipid peroxide, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione. It could be concluded that long-term treatment with CP confers a good antiinflammatory activity against arthritis in rat, leading to improvement of the oxidative stress induced by the arthritic insult. The reparative effect of the drug could be mediated via reduction of LTB(4) and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Agha
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Persson K, Whiss PA, Nyhlén K, Jacobsson-Strier M, Glindell M, Andersson RG. Nitric oxide donors and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors act in concert to inhibit human angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and platelet aggregation in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 406:15-23. [PMID: 11011027 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide (NO) on human circulating and endothelial angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and platelet aggregation. The NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (10(-8)-10(-6) M) significantly and dose-dependently inhibited serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. The concomitant addition of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-treated (captopril or enalaprilat) serum, further reduced angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. In cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical veins (HUVECs), both S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) significantly reduced angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. An additative effect was seen with a combined treatment of captopril and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine. Treatment with the NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) did not affect angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. Thrombin inhibited endothelial angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, an effect that was abolished when cells were pretreated with L-NMMA. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited with S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, SIN-1 and nitroglycerine. Captopril did not affect aggregation, while a high concentration of enalaprilat (10(-4) M) reduced it. The concomitant addition of 10(-5) M angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor to NO donor-treated platelets resulted in a further reduction of platelet aggregation. This effect was most evident with SIN-1 and enalaprilat. In conclusion, both exogenous and endogenous NO inhibit human angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. NO donors and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors act in concert to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme and platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Persson
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
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Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of death in developed countries. It may present in many different ways, but most frequently as a myocardial infarction, sudden death, angina or heart failure. Preventive measures in relation to coronary artery disease are particularly important because of its high incidence, high mortality and because most patients die outside hospital. Since the oxidation of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a critical early step in the process of atheroma formation, taking anti-oxidants to prevent LDL-C oxidation may prove a very effective means of reducing coronary artery disease mortality. However, the role of anti-oxidants in coronary artery disease prevention needs to be evaluated as part of an overall strategy that includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures, which are described in this review. In addition, a more structured and scientific approach to anti-oxidant therapy needs to be adopted. This requires that evidence for oxidative stress in a particular condition is obtained, the nature and severity determined and an appropriate anti-oxidant is administered, in an effective dose, which can be shown to correct the oxidative stress. When this is achieved, meaningful clinical trials should be possible, which will determine the place of anti-oxidant therapy for the specified condition.
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Small W, Molteni A, Kim YT, Taylor JM, Ts'ao CH, Ward WF. Mechanism of captopril toxicity to a human mammary ductal carcinoma cell line in the presence of copper. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1999; 55:223-9. [PMID: 10517167 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006233521325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Captopril (D-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl-L-proline) is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used widely in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Captopril also inhibits proliferation of a variety of cell types, including several lacking ACE and renin acitvity. We have previously demonstrated that human mammary ductal carcinoma cells are among the cell types whose mitotic activity is inhibited by captopril. In those cells, captopril also reduces estrogen receptor (ER) and increases progesterone receptor (PR) concentrations. The present study evaluated the mechanism of captopril's antiproliferative action in an ER/PR-negative human mammary ductal carcinoma cell line, Hs578T. Cells grown in a 10% serum medium showed negligible changes in the presence of captopril alone. However, in the presence of subphysiologic concentrations of copper salts or copper-loaded ceruloplasmin, captopril caused a dose-dependent reduction in cell number, thymidine incorporation and mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. In contrast, iron salts and iron-saturated transferrin had no effect on captopril activity. Catalase and horseradish peroxidase nullified the cytotoxic effects of captopril/Cu++, whereas H2O2 mimicked those effects. These data are consistent with the notion of a copper-catalyzed oxidation of captopril, leading to the generation of H2O2 as the cytotoxin to this clinically important cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Small
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago 60611, USA
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Mittra S, Singh M. Possible mechanism of captopril induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in isolated rabbit aorta. Mol Cell Biochem 1998; 183:63-7. [PMID: 9655179 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006854313163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with sulfhydryl group (SH) in its structure, to produce an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was studied. In rabbit aorta with intact endothelium and precontracted with phenylephrine, captopril and superoxide dismutase (SOD) produced dose-dependent relaxation. Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor without a -SH group in its structure, did not produce endothelium-dependent relaxation. It was observed that captopril, like SOD, produced the relaxation by protecting the EDRF from getting inactivated by superoxide anions as pyrogallol and methylene blue inhibited both the captopril and SOD-mediated relaxation. The free radical scavenging action of captopril is further substantiated by the observation that captopril, but not lisinopril, inhibited FeCl3/ascorbic acid-induced lipid peroxidation in whole tissue homogenates of rabbit aorta to a level comparable to that of SOD. These results suggest that endothelium-dependent vasodilation produced by captopril may be due to its ability to scavenge superoxide anion and this property may be ascribed to the -SH group present in its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mittra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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35
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Moulder JE, Robbins ME, Cohen EP, Hopewell JW, Ward WF. Pharmacologic modification of radiation-induced late normal tissue injury. Cancer Treat Res 1998; 93:129-51. [PMID: 9513779 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5769-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Moulder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA
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36
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Abstract
AIMS There is controversy regarding the potential antioxidant effect of captopril, therefore this study was performed to compare the in vitro antioxidant power of captopril with other angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. METHODS Antioxidant power of captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, perindopril, quinapril and ramipril in aqueous solution was measured using the ferric reducing (antioxidant) power (FRAP) assay; captopril was also measured in ethanolic solution. RESULTS Only captopril showed significant antioxidant power, demonstrating a stoichiometric factor of 1.0 in this assay. Concentration-related antioxidant power was seen in both aqueous and ethanolic solutions. CONCLUSIONS Captopril shows antioxidant activity in vitro. This property could be relevant in vivo if captopril is concentrated in membranes, lipoproteins or at other important sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Benzie
- Department of Nursing & Health Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon
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Hamilton CA. Low-density lipoprotein and oxidised low-density lipoprotein: their role in the development of atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 1997; 74:55-72. [PMID: 9336016 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(96)00202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) may be implicated in the development of atherosclerotic disease. Oxidised LDL is taken up more readily by monocyte-derived macrophages than LDL. Antibodies to oxidised LDL are found in atherosclerotic lesions, Increased risk of ischaemic heart disease is associated with a preponderance of small dense LDL particles, which are more susceptible to oxidation. Proatherogenic alterations in cell biochemistry and signalling pathways occur in the presence of LDL and more markedly oxidised LDL. In vitro antioxidants inhibit changes in cell biochemistry, while in vivo, they have been shown to attenuate or reverse development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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40
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Takeda H, Haneda T, Kikuchi K. Protective effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on postischemic myocardial damage in perfused rat heart. JAPANESE CIRCULATION JOURNAL 1997; 61:687-94. [PMID: 9276774 DOI: 10.1253/jcj.61.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to examine whether a sulfhydryl-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril, improves postischemic cardiac function and myocardial metabolism in the perfused working rat heart, and to elucidate the mechanism by which captopril protects the myocardium from postischemic damage. Isolated rat hearts were perfused by the working heart technique for 15 min. Ischemia was then induced for 30 min by lowering the afterload pressure and coronary flow to zero. After ischemia, hearts were reperfused for 30 min by returning afterload pressure to 60 mmHg. Captopril, a non-sulfhydryl-containing ACE inhibitor, enalapril, or a type 1 angiotensin II receptor antagonist, DuP 753, was added to the perfusate 5 min before ischemia, and the treatment was continued during the first 10-min period of reperfusion. In all groups there was no significant difference in pressure-rate product, coronary flow, tissue levels of ATP, total adenine nucleotides (TANs), energy charge potential (ECP), or creatine phosphate (CrP) before and during ischemia. During reperfusion following ischemia, captopril significantly improved the recovery of pressure-rate product, coronary flow, and tissue levels of ATP, TAN, ECP, and CrP, but neither enalapril nor DuP 753 had an effect. In conclusion, captopril improved postischemic cardiac function and myocardial metabolism in the perfused rate heart and its effect was independent of the blunting of angiotensin II formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takeda
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan
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41
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Ruiz-Ros JA, Martínez JA, Tovar I, Nicolás F, Villegas M, Nuño de la Rosa JA, Fuentes M, Ruipérez JA. [Reperfusion arrhythmias in valvular patients undergoing extracorporeal surgery and pretreated with captopril]. Rev Esp Cardiol 1997; 50:491-7. [PMID: 9304176 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-8932(97)73255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES After the ischemia-reperfusion process in extracorporeal cardiac surgery there are, among several phenomena, some reperfusion arrhythmias which are influenced by a varied series of mechanisms. These arrhythmias have been related to the release of oxygen-derived free radicals during the first moments of reperfusion. Thus, a previous administration of free-radical scavengers might be beneficial, among which captopril has been included with good results in human studies in vitro and in animals in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pretreatment with captopril on the prevention of reperfusion arrhythmias in patients undergoing valvular cardiac surgery. METHODS 30 patients were randomly allocated to pretreatment with either captopril (CTP group, n = 15) or without captopril (CON group, n = 15). Exclusion criteria (left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%, evidence of angiographic coronary disease, prior myocardial infarction and preoperatory myocardial infarction). The dose of captopril administered was 12.5 mg every 8 hours orally, from 24 hours before surgery. A Holter register was used to analyze the ventricular arrhythmias (extrasystoles, salvos, tachycardia and fibrillation) during the first hour of reperfusion. The need for cardioversion was examined and the number of shocks needed. These events were related to changes in blood analyses from coronary sinus samples to determine creatine phosphokinase, activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme and cyclic adenosine monophosphate, before aortic clamping and after the heart was rewarmed. RESULTS No significant differences were found in the number of ventricular arrhythmias. 60% of the patients with captopril and only 40% of the patients without it (non significant) had spontaneous defibrillation without electric shock; in those cases in which it was necessary, the number of shocks was less in the captopril group (p < 0.05). Excepting the significant correlation (p < 0.01) that we have found between ventricular fibrillation and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate increase, there is no significant correlation between the other arrhythmias and the analytical data studied. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that captopril, given before cardiac surgery, has little or no protector effect on reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias in extracorporeal cardiac surgery, though in patients treated with captopril there is a greater possibility of spontaneous defibrillation and fewer shocks necessary for defibrillation, without negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Ruiz-Ros
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia
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42
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Khaper N, Singal PK. Effects of afterload-reducing drugs on pathogenesis of antioxidant changes and congestive heart failure in rats. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 29:856-61. [PMID: 9091534 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(96)00574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study sought to evaluate the effects of the afterload-reducing drugs captopril and prazosin on changes in antioxidants as well as oxidative stress in relation to hemodynamic function in congestive heart failure (CHF) subsequent to myocardial infarction (MI). BACKGROUND Afterload reduction therapy has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with MI. CHF subsequent to MI in rats is associated with a decrease in myocardial endogenous antioxidants and an increase in oxidative stress. METHODS The left anterior descending coronary artery in male Sprague-Dawley rats was ligated. Sham and experimental (post-MI [PMI]) animals were assessed for hemodynamic function as well as lung and liver weights at 1, 4 and 16 weeks after operation. At 4 weeks, some rats were also treated with captopril (2 g/liter in drinking water daily) or prazosin (0.2 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously daily) and assessed at 16 weeks. Hearts were isolated to study the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase as well as for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). RESULTS CHF at 4 and 16 weeks in the infarcted rats was indicated by an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and wet/dry weight lung and liver ratios and depressed left ventricular systolic pressure and dyspnea. All these changes were attenuated in both the captopril- and prazosin-treated groups. SOD, GSHPx and catalase activity in the untreated PMI groups was decreased at 4 and 16 weeks. However, treatment with captopril resulted in a significant improvement in SOD, GSHPx and catalase activity in the 16-week PMI group. With prazosin, only SOD activity was improved in the treated 16-week PMI group. Lipid peroxidation as indicated by TBARS was significantly increased in the 16-week PMI group, and both captopril and prazosin modulated this increase. CONCLUSIONS Occurrence of an antioxidant deficit and an increase in oxidative stress in the myocardium may play a role in the pathogenesis of CHF subsequent to MI. Attenuation of these changes in antioxidant activity with vasodilator (or antioxidant?) therapy mitigates the process of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Khaper
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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43
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Cash CD. Are the reactive oxygen-derived species (ROS) interactive properties of the many therapeutic drugs from various categories pertinent to their beneficial effects? GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1997; 28:169-75. [PMID: 9013190 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-3623(96)00285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Many pathologic states are known to involve the generation of reactive oxygen species, (ROS). It is not known at present to what extent these phenomena are due to ROS formation, or if their formation is a result of the disease. Many therapeutic drugs either scavenge ROS or inhibit their formation. The purpose of this review is to match the drugs used for certain diseases with their anti-ROS actions. This attempted correlation is made to try to give an answer to the title question.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Cash
- Centre de Neurochimie, Strasbourg, France
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44
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Güllüoğlu BM, Aktan AO, Yeğen C, Kurtel H, Yalin R. Endothelin release is augmented with captopril in rat ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver. RESEARCH IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE GESAMTE EXPERIMENTELLE MEDIZIN EINSCHLIESSLICH EXPERIMENTELLER CHIRURGIE 1996; 196:227-33. [PMID: 8903098 DOI: 10.1007/bf02576845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) and the vascular endothelial factors such as endothelins (ETs) and thromboxane A2 (TxA2) were found to be mediators of the reperfusion component of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Captopril (CPT), a sulfydryl (-SH) group containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, has been shown to reverse I/R injury by its ROM scavenging effect. In this experimental study, the effects of CPT and BM 13.177 (a TxA2 receptor antagonist) were assessed on liver I/R injury in rats. Four groups of Wistar albino rats were either sham-operated, control, CPT or BM 13.177-treated. The middle and left lateral hepatic arteries and portal veins were occluded in each group but the sham and the corresponding agents were given to the animals prior to I/R injury. After I/R injury, blood was drawn from the suprahepatic inferior vena cava for ET-1-like activity assay and liver tissue samples were obtained for the determination of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and histopathologic examination. PGE2 and ET-1 levels were increased significantly in the control group compared with the sham-operated group. In the CPT group, LTC4, PGE2 and ET-1 levels were significantly increased compared with the control group, while only ET-1 levels were not different from those of the control group in the BM 13.177-treated group. It is concluded that ET-1 release increases in response to I/R injury in rat liver and CPT further increases this release. It also appears that CPT has a stimulatory effect on arachidonic acid metabolism in addition to its free radical scavenging effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Güllüoğlu
- Department of Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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45
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Forni LG, Hilton PJ, Willson RL, Cheeseman KH. Free radical reactions involving the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. Redox Rep 1996; 2:393-9. [PMID: 27406674 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.1996.11747080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the pulse radiolysis technique, absolute rate constants have been obtained for the reaction of captopril with several free radicals. The results demonstrate that although captopril reacts rapidly with a number of free radicals, such as the hydroxyl radical (k = 5.1 × 10(9) dm(-3)mol(-1)s(-1)) and the thiocyanate radical anion (k = 1.3 × 10(7) dm(-3)mol(-1)s(-1)), it is not exceptional in this ability. Similarly, the reactions with carbon centred radicals although rapid are an order of magnitude slower than those observed with glutathione. Additional lipid peroxidation studies further demonstrate that captopril is a much less effective antioxidant than glutathione. The data go some way to supporting the view that any attenuation of reperfusion injury by captopril is not through a direct free radical scavenging mechanism but may be afforded by other, non-radical-mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Forni
- a Department of Renal and Intensive Care Medicine , St Thomas' Hospital , London , UK
| | - P J Hilton
- a Department of Renal and Intensive Care Medicine , St Thomas' Hospital , London , UK
| | - R L Willson
- b Department of Biology and Biochemistry , Brunel University , Uxbridge , UK
| | - K H Cheeseman
- b Department of Biology and Biochemistry , Brunel University , Uxbridge , UK
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46
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Anthuber M, Farkas S, Rihl M, Menger MD, Schildberg FW, Jauch KW, Messrner K. Impact of enalapril on microvascular perfusion and leukocyte adherence in a model of rat liver transplantation assessed by in vivo microscopy. Transpl Int 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1996.tb01696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Anthuber M, Farkas S, Rihl M, Menger MD, Schildberg FW, Jauch KW, Messmer K. Impact of enalapril on microvascular perfusion and leukocyte adherence in a model of rat liver transplantation assessed by in vivo microscopy. Transpl Int 1996; 9 Suppl 1:S93-6. [PMID: 8959800 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-00818-8_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ACE inhibitors have been proven to be effective in the reduction of ischemia/reperfusion damage after myocardial ischemia. In an attempt to investigate this effect in a model of syngeneic liver transplantation in the rat, we compared a control group with an ACE inhibitor treatment group, in which enalapril was given i.v. before and during reperfusion. By means of in vivo microscopy, sinusoidal perfusion rate, permanent leukocyte sticking in sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules, and leukocyte rolling in postsinusoidal venules were assessed. Liver function was evaluated by measuring bile output. The sinusoidal perfusion rate was significantly improved by enalapril treatment. Leukocyte sticking in both sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules was found to be remarkably reduced in enalapril-treated animals; the fraction of rolling leukocytes remained unchanged. Bile output was increased in enalapril-treated animals. These results demonstrated, in a model of rat liver transplantation, that ACE inhibition by enalapril is effective in reducing hepatic ischemia/reperfusion damage as assessed by the leukocyte-endothelium interaction using in vivo microscopy and postreperfusion bile production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anthuber
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
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48
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Golik A, Weissgarten J, Evans S, Cohen N, Zaidenstein R, Modai D, Cotariu D. Changes in red blood cell glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes on long-term treatment with captopril and enalapril. Clin Chim Acta 1995; 240:89-94. [PMID: 8582063 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(95)06121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Golik
- Department of Internal Medicine, A, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
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49
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Davies MG, Klyachkin ML, Barber L, Svendsen E, Hagen PO. Ramipril and experimental vein graft intimal hyperplasia. Angiology 1995; 46:91-7. [PMID: 7702205 DOI: 10.1177/000331979504600201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been shown to reduce the intimal proliferation in animal models of arterial angioplasty and vein bypass grafting. This study examines the effect of high-dose ramipril, an ACE inhibitor that does not contain a sulfhydryl group, on the development of intimal hyperplasia in experimental vein bypass grafts. Twenty New Zealand White rabbits underwent common carotid interposition bypass grafting. Twelve were treated with ramipril (2 mg/kg/day; po) five days prior to surgery and thereafter until harvest. The remaining 8 animals were used as controls. Vein grafts were harvested at twenty-eight days by pressure fixation (80 mmHg). The grafts were sectioned into proximal, middle, and distal thirds, and the thickness of the intima and the media and the area of the lumen from each segment were determined by videomorphometry. The effect of ramipril on the [H3]thymidine incorporation into DNA of serum-stimulated smooth muscle cells (culture passage 6 to 12) was also assessed. There was a 50% mortality rate in the rabbits that received ramipril, and this was assumed to be related to the high dose of the drug. Ramipril treatment reduced mean vein graft intimal area by 34% (P > 0.05), but this was accompanied by an increase of 73% in the mean medial area of the vein grafts as compared with controls. These changes resulted in a decrease in the mean intimal ratio (intima/[intima + media]) by 39% in the ramipril group as compared with controls. Ramipril did not inhibit [H3]thymidine incorporation into DNA of serum-stimulated smooth muscle cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Culture Techniques
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/metabolism
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/pathology
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/prevention & control
- Hyperplasia/metabolism
- Hyperplasia/pathology
- Hyperplasia/prevention & control
- Jugular Veins/drug effects
- Jugular Veins/metabolism
- Jugular Veins/pathology
- Jugular Veins/transplantation
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Rabbits
- Ramipril/therapeutic use
- Random Allocation
- Thymidine/metabolism
- Tunica Intima/drug effects
- Tunica Intima/metabolism
- Tunica Intima/pathology
- Tunica Media/drug effects
- Tunica Media/metabolism
- Tunica Media/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Davies
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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50
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Yoon SC, Park JM, Jang HS, Shinn KS, Bahk YW. Radioprotective effect of captopril on the mouse jejunal mucosa. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1994; 30:873-8. [PMID: 7960990 DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(94)90363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin I converting enzyme, has been shown to modify radiation damage and prevent radiation injury of normal tissue in rats and pigs. The present study was carried out to determine whether captopril would reduce radiation changes in the proximal small bowel in mice. METHODS AND MATERIALS Mice were subjected to whole body irradiation with 9 Gy or 15 Gy. Captopril was administered in drinking water at a regimen of 62.5 mg/kg/day (captopril group I) and 125 mg/kg/day (captopril group II), continuously from 7 days before irradiation to the end of each designed experiment. The jejunal damage was evaluated microscopically by crypt count per circumference and by histologic damage grading. RESULTS Crypt number in the sham-irradiated control was 133 +/- 6.8/circumference. In both captopril group I and II, crypt numbers and histologic scores were not significantly different from those in the normal group. The 9 Gy and 15 Gy radiation alone groups showed significantly lower crypt counts and histologic scores compared with the sham-irradiated control group (p < 0.05). The groups exposed to 9 Gy radiation plus captopril I and II showed significantly higher crypt counts and lower histologic damage scores on the third day, and lower histologic damage scores on the fifth day compared with the 9 Gy radiation alone group (p < 0.05). The 15 Gy radiation plus captopril I and II groups had significantly higher crypt counts and lower histologic damage scores on the third day than those of the 15 Gy radiation alone group (p < 0.05). All mice of the 15 Gy radiation group succumbed to intestinal radiation death. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that captopril provides protection from acute radiation damage to the jejunal mucosa in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
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