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Lu YN, Che C, Zhen G, Chang X, Dong XQ, Wang CJ. Visible-light-enabled stereoselective synthesis of functionalized cyclohexylamine derivatives via [4 + 2] cycloadditions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6507-6514. [PMID: 38699278 PMCID: PMC11062095 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00667d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition of benzocyclobutylamines with α-substituted vinylketones, enabled by photoredox catalysis, has been developed. The current method enables facile access to highly functionalized cyclohexylamine derivatives that were otherwise inaccessible, in moderate to good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities. This protocol has some excellent features, such as full atom economy, good functional-group compatibility, mild reaction conditions, and an overall redox-neutral process. Additionally, an asymmetric version of this cycloaddition was preliminarily investigated via the incorporation of a chiral phosphoric acid (CPA), and moderate to good enantioselectivity could be effectively realized with excellent diastereoselectivity. Synthetic applications were demonstrated via a scale-up experiment and elaborations to access amino alcohol and cyclobutene derivatives. Based on the results of control experiments, a reasonable reaction mechanism was proposed to elucidate the reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Chao Che
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Guangjin Zhen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Xin Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Xiu-Qin Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 230021 China
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Braun H, Hauke M, Petermann M, Eckenstaler R, Ripperger A, Schwedhelm E, Ludwig-Kraus B, Bernhard Kraus F, Jalal Ahmed Shawon M, Dubourg V, Zernecke A, Schreier B, Gekle M, Benndorf RA. Deletion of vascular thromboxane A 2 receptors and its impact on angiotensin II-induced hypertension and atherosclerotic lesion formation in the aorta of Ldlr-deficient mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 219:115916. [PMID: 37979705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) has been shown to play a role in angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated hypertension and pathological vascular remodeling. To assess the impact of vascular TP on Ang II-induced hypertension, atherogenesis, and pathological aortic alterations, i.e. aneurysms, we analysed Western-type diet-fed and Ang II-infused TPVSMC KO/Ldlr KO, TPEC KO/Ldlr KO mice and their respective wild-type littermates (TPWT/Ldlr KO). These analyses showed that neither EC- nor VSMC-specific deletion of the TP significantly affected basal or Ang II-induced blood pressure or aortic atherosclerotic lesion area. In contrast, VSMC-specific TP deletion abolished and EC-specific TP deletion surprisingly reduced the ex vivo reactivity of aortic rings to the TP agonist U-46619, whereas VSMC-specific TP knockout also diminished the ex vivo response of aortic rings to Ang II. Furthermore, despite similar systemic blood pressure, there was a trend towards less atherogenesis in the aortic arch and a trend towards fewer pathological aortic alterations in Ang II-treated female TPVSMC KO/Ldlr KO mice. Survival was impaired in male mice after Ang II infusion and tended to be higher in TPVSMC KO/Ldlr KO mice than in TPWT/Ldlr KO littermates. Thus, our data may suggest a deleterious role of the TP expressed in VSMC in the pathogenesis of Ang II-induced aortic atherosclerosis in female mice, and a surprising role of the endothelial TP in TP-mediated aortic contraction. However, future studies are needed to substantiate and further elucidate the role of the vascular TP in the pathogenesis of Ang II-induced hypertension, aortic atherosclerosis and aneurysm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Braun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Hauke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Neurology and Pain Therapy, Brandenburg Medical School, Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | - Markus Petermann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Robert Eckenstaler
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anne Ripperger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Md Jalal Ahmed Shawon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Virginie Dubourg
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Barbara Schreier
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ralf A Benndorf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Reid HM, Maginn M, Perkins CM, Mulvaney EP, Boyce M, Yamamoto T, Kinsella BT. Evaluation of NTP42, a novel thromboxane receptor antagonist, in a first-in-human phase I clinical trial. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1296188. [PMID: 38178863 PMCID: PMC10764490 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1296188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The thromboxane receptor (TP) antagonist NTP42 is in clinical development for treatment of cardiopulmonary diseases, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this randomized, placebo-controlled Phase I clinical trial, NTP42, administered as the oral formulation NTP42:KVA4, was evaluated for safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) in healthy males. Methods: The first-in-human trial had three Parts: A, single ascending dose (SAD) study with seven groups given 0.25-243 mg NTP42:KVA4 or placebo; B, food effect study where one SAD group (9 mg) was also given NTP42:KVA4 or placebo after a high-fat breakfast; C, multiple ascending dose study with three groups given 15-135 mg NTP42:KVA4 or placebo once-daily for 7 days. Results: Seventy-nine volunteers participated. No serious adverse events occurred, where any drug- or placebo-related adverse events were mild to moderate, with no correlation to NTP42:KVA4 dose. NTP42 was rapidly absorbed, yielding dose proportional increases in exposure after single and repeat dosing. PK confirmed that, with a clearance (T1/2) of 18.7 h, NTP42:KVA4 is suited to once-daily dosing, can be taken with or without food, and does not accumulate on repeat dosing. At doses ≥1 mg, NTP42 led to complete and sustained inhibition of thromboxane-, but not ADP-, induced platelet aggregation ex vivo, with direct correlation between NTP42 exposure and duration of PD effects. Conclusion: Orally administered NTP42:KVA4 was well tolerated, with favorable PK/PD profiles and evidence of specific TP target engagement. These findings support continued clinical development of NTP42:KVA4 for cardiopulmonary or other relevant diseases with unmet needs. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04919863.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Reid
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Maginn
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C. Michael Perkins
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eamon P. Mulvaney
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Malcolm Boyce
- Hammersmith Medicines Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - B. Therese Kinsella
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Braun H, Hauke M, Eckenstaler R, Petermann M, Ripperger A, Kühn N, Schwedhelm E, Ludwig-Kraus B, Kraus FB, Dubourg V, Zernecke A, Schreier B, Gekle M, Benndorf RA. The F2-isoprostane 8-iso-PGF 2α attenuates atherosclerotic lesion formation in Ldlr-deficient mice - Potential role of vascular thromboxane A 2 receptors. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 185:36-45. [PMID: 35470061 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The F2-isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2α (also known as 15-F2t-isoprostane, iPF2α-III, 8-epi PGF2α, 15(S)-8-iso-PGF2α, or 8-Isoprostane), a thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) agonist, stable biomarker of oxidative stress, and risk marker of cardiovascular disease, has been proposed to aggravate atherogenesis in genetic mouse models of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Moreover, the TP plays an eminent role in the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, atherogenesis, and cardiovascular disease. Yet it is unknown, how the TP expressed by vascular cells affects atherogenesis or 8-iso-PGF2α-related effects in mouse models of atherosclerosis. We studied Ldlr-deficient vascular endothelial-specific (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-specific TP knockout mice (TPECKO/Ldlr KO; TPVSMCKO/Ldlr KO) and corresponding wild-type littermates (TPWT/Ldlr KO). The mice were fed a Western-type diet for eight weeks and received either 8-iso-PGF2α or vehicle infusions via osmotic pumps. Subsequently, arterial blood pressure, atherosclerotic lesion formation, and lipid profiles were analyzed. We found that VSMC-, but not EC-specific TP deletion, attenuated atherogenesis without affecting blood pressure or plasma lipid profiles of the mice. In contrast to a previous report, 8-iso-PGF2α tended to reduce atherogenesis in TPWT/Ldlr KO and TPEC KO/Ldlr KO mice, again without significantly affecting blood pressure or lipid profiles of these mice. However, no further reduction in atherogenesis was observed in 8-iso-PGF2α-treated TPVSMC KO/Ldlr KO mice. Our work suggests that the TP expressed in VSMC but not the TP expressed in EC is involved in atherosclerotic lesion formation in Ldlr-deficient mice. Furthermore, we report an inhibitory effect of 8-iso-PGF2α on atherogenesis in this experimental atherosclerosis model, which paradoxically appears to be related to the presence of the TP in VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Braun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Hauke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Robert Eckenstaler
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Markus Petermann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anne Ripperger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Niklas Kühn
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Virginie Dubourg
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Schreier
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ralf A Benndorf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Eckenstaler R, Ripperger A, Hauke M, Petermann M, Hemkemeyer SA, Schwedhelm E, Ergün S, Frye M, Werz O, Koeberle A, Braun H, Benndorf RA. A Thromboxane A 2 Receptor-Driven COX-2-Dependent Feedback Loop That Affects Endothelial Homeostasis and Angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:444-461. [PMID: 35236104 PMCID: PMC8939709 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TP (thromboxane A2 receptor) plays an eminent role in the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, its expression is reported to increase in the intimal layer of blood vessels of cardiovascular high-risk individuals. Yet it is unknown, whether TP upregulation per se has the potential to affect the homeostasis of the vascular endothelium. METHODS We combined global transcriptome analysis, lipid mediator profiling, functional cell analyses, and in vivo angiogenesis assays to study the effects of endothelial TP overexpression or knockdown/knockout on the angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Here we report that endothelial TP expression induces COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) in a Gi/o- and Gq/11-dependent manner, thereby promoting its own activation via the auto/paracrine release of TP agonists, such as PGH2 (prostaglandin H2) or prostaglandin F2 but not TxA2 (thromboxane A2). TP overexpression induces endothelial cell tension and aberrant cell morphology, affects focal adhesion dynamics, and inhibits the angiogenic capacity of human endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas TP knockdown or endothelial-specific TP knockout exerts opposing effects. Consequently, this TP-dependent feedback loop is disrupted by pharmacological TP or COX-2 inhibition and by genetic reconstitution of PGH2-metabolizing prostacyclin synthase even in the absence of functional prostacyclin receptor expression. CONCLUSIONS Our work uncovers a TP-driven COX-2-dependent feedback loop and important effector mechanisms that directly link TP upregulation to angiostatic TP signaling in endothelial cells. By these previously unrecognized mechanisms, pathological endothelial upregulation of the TP could directly foster endothelial dysfunction, microvascular rarefaction, and systemic hypertension even in the absence of exogenous sources of TP agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Eckenstaler
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany (R.E., A.R., M.H., M.P., H.B., R.A.B.)
| | - Anne Ripperger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany (R.E., A.R., M.H., M.P., H.B., R.A.B.)
| | - Michael Hauke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany (R.E., A.R., M.H., M.P., H.B., R.A.B.)
| | - Markus Petermann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany (R.E., A.R., M.H., M.P., H.B., R.A.B.)
| | - Sandra A Hemkemeyer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.A.H., M.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Germany (S.E.)
| | - Maike Frye
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.A.H., M.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany (O.W., A.K.)
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany (O.W., A.K.).,Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Austria (A.K.)
| | - Heike Braun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany (R.E., A.R., M.H., M.P., H.B., R.A.B.)
| | - Ralf A Benndorf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany (R.E., A.R., M.H., M.P., H.B., R.A.B.)
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Thromboxane A2 synthase inhibition ameliorates endothelial dysfunction, memory deficits, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rat model of streptozotocin diabetes induced dementia. Physiol Behav 2021; 241:113592. [PMID: 34534530 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second leading cause of dementia worldwide. It is very important to find the possible pharmacological agents which may be useful in management and therapy of VaD. OBJECTIVES The present study investigates the effect of ozagrel, a selective thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthase inhibitor, in a rat model of VaD. METHODS Single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin [STZ, (50 mg/kg)] was administered to Wistar rats to induced diabetes-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction and memory impairment. Morris water maze (MWM) test was employed to assess learning and memory. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed in the isolated aorta by observing endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation and levels of serum nitrite. Various biochemical and histopathological estimations were also performed. RESULTS STZ treatment produced endothelial dysfunction, impairment of learning and memory, reduction in body weight and serum nitrite/nitrate, and increase in serum glucose, brain oxidative stress (increased brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species and decreased reduced glutathione levels), brain acetylcholinesterase activity and brain myeloperoxidase activity. Further a significant rise in brain tumor necrosis factor-α & interleukin-6 levels and brain neutrophil infiltration were also observed. Treatment of ozagrel (10 & 20 mg/kg, p. o.)/donepezil (0. 5 mg/kg, i.p., serving as standard) ameliorated STZ induced endothelial dysfunction; memory deficits; biochemical and histopathological changes. CONCLUSIONS It may be concluded that ozagrel markedly improved endothelial dysfunction; learning and memory; biochemical and histopathological alteration associated with STZ induced dementia and that TXA2 can be considered as an important therapeutic target for the management of VaD.
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Bhatia P, Kaur G, Singh N. Ozagrel a thromboxane A2 synthase inhibitor extenuates endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rat model of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion induced vascular dementia. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 137:106827. [PMID: 33346090 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the potential of ozagrel, a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthase inhibitor, in bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo) induced vascular dementia (VaD). Wistar rats were subjected to BCCAo procedure under anesthesia to induce VaD. Morris water maze (MWM) test was employed on 7th day post-surgery to determine learning and memory. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed in isolated aorta by observing endothelial dependent vasorelaxation and levels of serum nitrite. A battery of biochemical and histopathological estimations was performed. Expression analysis of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 was carried out by RT-PCR. BCCAo produced significant impairment in endothelium dependent vasorelaxation and decrease in serum nitrite levels indicating endothelial dysfunction along with poor performance on MWM represents impairment of learning and memory. There was a significant rise in brain oxidative stress level (indicated by increase in brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species and decrease in reduced glutathione levels); increase in brain acetylcholinesterase activity; brain myeloperoxidase activity; brain TNF-α & IL-6 levels, brain TNF-α & IL-6 mRNA expression and brain neutrophil infiltration (as marker of inflammation) were also observed. Treatment of ozagrel (10 & 20 mg/kg, p. o.)/donepezil (0. 5 mg/kg, i.p., serving as standard) ameliorated BCCAo induced endothelial dysfunction; memory deficits; biochemical and histopathological changes in a significant manner. It may be concluded that ozagrel markedly improved endothelial dysfunction; learning and memory; biochemical and histopathological alteration associated with BCCAo induced VaD and that TXA2 can be considered as an important therapeutic target for the treatment of VaD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/enzymology
- Brain/physiopathology
- Carotid Artery, Common/surgery
- Carotid Stenosis/complications
- Dementia, Vascular/drug therapy
- Dementia, Vascular/enzymology
- Dementia, Vascular/etiology
- Dementia, Vascular/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Ligation
- Male
- Methacrylates/pharmacology
- Morris Water Maze Test/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats, Wistar
- Thromboxane-A Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Thromboxane-A Synthase/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatia
- CNS Research lab., Pharmacology division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- CNS Research lab., Pharmacology division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Pharmacology division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India.
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Bhatia P, Singh N. Ameliorative effect of ozagrel, a thromboxane A2 synthase inhibitor, in hyperhomocysteinemia-induced experimental vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:650-666. [PMID: 33020931 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of ozagrel, a selective thromboxane A2 (TXA2) inhibitor, in rat model of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-induced vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Wistar rats were administered L-methionine (1.7 g/kg/day; p.o. × 8 weeks) to induce VCID. Morris water maze (MWM) test was employed to assess learning and memory. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed in the isolated aorta by observing endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation and levels of serum nitrite. Various biochemical and histopathological estimations were also performed. L-methionine produced significant impairment in endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and decreases serum nitrite levels indicating endothelial dysfunction. Further, these animals performed poorly on MWM, depicting impairment of learning and memory. Further, a significant rise in brain oxidative stress level (indicated by increase in brain thiobarbituric acid-reactive species and decrease in reduced glutathione levels), brain acetylcholinesterase activity, brain myeloperoxidase activity, brain TNF-α and IL-6 levels, and brain leukocyte (neutrophil) infiltration was also observed. Treatment of ozagrel (10 and 20 mg/kg, p. o.)/donepezil (0.5 mg/kg, i.p., serving as standard) ameliorated L-methionine-induced endothelial dysfunction, memory deficits, and biochemical and histopathological changes. It may be concluded that ozagrel markedly improved endothelial dysfunction, learning and memory, and biochemical and histopathological alteration associated with L-methionine-induced VCID and that TXA2 can be considered as an important therapeutic target for the management of VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatia
- CNS Research Lab., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
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Improvement of Endothelial Dysfunction of Berberine in Atherosclerotic Mice and Mechanism Exploring through TMT-Based Proteomics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8683404. [PMID: 32566106 PMCID: PMC7284929 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8683404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial vascular disease triggered by disordered lipid metabolism, characterized by chronic inflammatory injury, and initiated by endothelial dysfunction. Berberine is the main active alkaloid of the herbal medicine Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian). Notably, berberine has been shown to have beneficial effects against atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms of berberine in preventing atherosclerosis are still unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the effects and mechanisms of berberine in protecting the aorta and ameliorating atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Here, we demonstrated that berberine reduced serum lipid levels, antagonized hepatic lipid accumulation, improved intima-media thickening, and alleviated atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE−/− mice fed a western-type diet for 12 weeks. Meanwhile, berberine reduced aortic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and reduced the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In aortic ring assay, berberine restored aortic endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, 4,956 proteins were identified by proteomic analysis, and 199 differentially expressed proteins regulated by berberine were found to be involved in many biological pathways, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, fatty acid β-oxidation I, and FXR/RXR activation. Summarily, these data suggested that berberine ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and protects against atherosclerosis, and thus may be a promising therapeutic candidate for atherosclerosis.
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Lagier D, Tonon D, Garrigue P, Guillet B, Giacomino L, Martin JC, Alessi MC, Bruder N, Velly LJ. Thromboxane-prostaglandin receptor antagonist, terutroban, prevents neurovascular events after subarachnoid haemorrhage: a nanoSPECT study in rats. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2019; 23:42. [PMID: 30744667 PMCID: PMC6371436 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Several lipid metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid are correlated with poor outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Most of these metabolites bind to ubiquitous thromboxane–prostaglandin (TP) receptors, causing vasoconstriction and inflammation. Here, we evaluated terutroban (TBN), a specific TP receptor antagonist, for the prevention of post-haemorrhage blood-brain barrier disruption, neuronal apoptosis and delayed cerebral hypoperfusion. Methods The rat double subarachnoid haemorrhage model was produced by twice injecting (days 1 and 2) autologous blood into the cisterna magna. Seventy-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to experimental groups. Rats exposed to subarachnoid haemorrhage were allocated to no treatment (SAH group) or TBN treatment by gastric gavage during the first 5 days after haemorrhage (SAH+TBN group). Control rats received artificial cerebrospinal fluid injections (CSF group). Sham-operated rats with or without TBN administration were also studied. Body weight and Garcia neurological scores were assessed on day 2 and day 5. We used nanoscale single-photon emission computed tomography (nanoSPECT) to measure brain uptake of three radiolabelled agents: 99mTechnetium-diethylenetriaminepentacetate (99mTc-DTPA), which indicated blood-brain barrier permeability on day 3, 99mTechnetium-annexin V-128 (99mTc-Anx-V128), which indicated apoptosis on day 4, and 99mTechnetium-hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (99mTc-HMPAO), which indicated cerebral perfusion on day 5. Basilar artery narrowing was verified histologically, and cerebral TP receptor agonists were quantified. Results 99mTc-DTPA uptake unveiled blood-brain barrier disruption in the SAH group. TBN mitigated this disruption in the brainstem area. 99mTc-Anx-V128 uptake was increased in the SAH group and TBN diminished this effect in the cerebellum. 99mTc-HMPAO uptake revealed a global decreased perfusion on day 5 in the SAH group that was significantly counteracted by TBN. TBN also mitigated basilar artery vasoconstriction, neurological deficits (on day 2), body weight loss (on day 5) and cerebral production of vasoconstrictors such as Thromboxane B2 and Prostaglandin F2α. Conclusions Based on in vivo nanoscale imaging, we demonstrated that TBN protected against blood-brain barrier disruption, exerted an anti-apoptotic effect and improved cerebral perfusion. Thus, TP receptor antagonists showed promising results in treating post-haemorrhage neurovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lagier
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Timone, Marseille, France. .,C2VN Inserm 1263, Inra 1260, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - David Tonon
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Timone, Marseille, France.,C2VN Inserm 1263, Inra 1260, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Garrigue
- CERIMED (European Center for Research in Medical Imaging), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- CERIMED (European Center for Research in Medical Imaging), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laura Giacomino
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, INT (Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone), University Hospital Timone, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Bruder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel J Velly
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, INT (Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone), University Hospital Timone, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
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Simeone P, Boccatonda A, Liani R, Santilli F. Significance of urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B 2 in age-related diseases: Focus on atherothrombosis. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 48:51-78. [PMID: 30273676 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelet activation plays a key role in atherogenesis and atherothrombosis. Biochemical evidence of increased platelet activation in vivo can be reliably obtained through non-invasive measurement of thromboxane metabolite (TXM) excretion. Persistent biosynthesis of TXA2 has been associated with several ageing-related diseases, including acute and chronic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and cardiovascular risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, chronic inflammatory diseases. Given the systemic nature of TX excretion, involving predominantly platelet but also extraplatelet sources, urinary TXM may reflect either platelet cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)-dependent TX generation or COX-2-dependent biosynthesis by inflammatory cells and/or platelets, or a combination of the two, especially in clinical settings characterized by low-grade inflammation or enhanced platelet turnover. Although urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels are largely suppressed with low-dose aspirin, incomplete TXM suppression by aspirin predicts the future risk of vascular events and death in high-risk patients and may identify individuals who might benefit from treatments that more effectively block in vivo TX production or activity. Several disease-modifying agents, including lifestyle intervention, antidiabetic drugs and antiplatelet agents besides aspirin have been shown to reduce TX biosynthesis. Taken together, these aspects may contribute to the development of promising mechanism-based therapeutic strategies to reduce the progression of atherothrombosis. We intended to critically review current knowledge on both the pathophysiological significance of urinary TXM excretion in clinical settings related to ageing and atherothrombosis, as well as its prognostic value as a biomarker of vascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Boccatonda
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossella Liani
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy.
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12
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Endothelium-dependent and cyclooxygenase-dependent cutaneous vasodilatation is blunted in young men with hypertensive parents. J Hypertens 2018; 36:2140-2147. [PMID: 29846330 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Across ethnicities, offspring of hypertensive parents (OH) have higher risk of hypertension than offspring of normotensive parents (ON). Sympathetic hyperactivity and reduced nitric oxide availability have been reported in normotensive OH; but the role of vasodilator cyclooxygenase (COX) products is unclear. METHODS In 12 OH and 12 ON men (19-24 years old), each group comprising six white Europeans and six South Asians with resting ABP less than 129/89 mmHg, reactive hyperaemia and responses evoked by iontophoresis pulses of acetylcholine (ACh) were recorded in forearm skin by laser Doppler fluximetry before and after COX inhibition. RESULTS Peak reactive hyperaemia was larger in ON than OH (71.0 ± 7.8 vs. 43.4 ± 8.3 perfusion units (perf.units); P < 0.05). It was attenuated by COX inhibition in ON (24.8 ± 5.2 perf.units, P < 0.01), not OH (54.2 ± 7.5 perf.units). Similarly, increases in perfusion evoked by ACh were greater in ON than OH (169.1 ± 20.4 vs. 142.1 ± 19.9 perf.units; P < 0.05) and attenuated by COX inhibition in ON (94.5 ± 13.7; P < 0.05), not OH (132.6 ± 16.1 perf.units). Considering ethnicities, ACh-evoked dilation, though not reactive hyperaemia was greater in Europeans than Asians (176.8 ± 21.7 vs. 130.4 ± 15.0; P < 0.01; 61.0 ± 8.7 vs. 51.7 ± 9.2 perf.units). However, within both Europeans and Asians, COX inhibition attenuated reactive hyperaemia and ACh-induced dilatation in ON only. CONCLUSION Reactive hyperaemia and ACh-evoked dilatation in cutaneous circulation are blunted in young, normotensive OH relative to ON men irrespective of white European, or South Asian ethnicity and are attributable to impaired contribution of COX vasodilator products in OH. These features may provide early markers of endothelial dysfunction that contribute to hypertensive risk in OH men.
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13
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Romero M, Leon-Gomez E, Lobysheva I, Rath G, Dogné JM, Feron O, Dessy C. Effects of BM-573 on Endothelial Dependent Relaxation and Increased Blood Pressure at Early Stages of Atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152579. [PMID: 27019366 PMCID: PMC4809599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is considered to be an early event in atherosclerosis and plays a pivotal role in the development, progression and clinical complications of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of combined inhibition of thromboxane synthase and antagonism of thromboxane receptors by BM-573 on atherosclerosis; however our knowledge about the beneficial effects of BM-573 on endothelial function and increased blood pressure related to early stage of atherosclerosis is limited. In the present study, we investigated the effects of short-term (3 μM, 1 hour) and chronic (10 mg/L, 8 weeks) treatments with BM-573 on vasodilatory function, nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, oxidative stress and systolic blood pressure in 15 weeks old apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-KO) mice. ApoE-KO mice showed a reduced endothelium-derived relaxation. In addition, NO bioavailability was reduced and oxidative stress and blood pressure were increased in ApoE-KO mice versus wild-type mice. BM-573 treatments were able to improve the relaxation profile in ApoE-KO mice. Short-term effects of BM-573 were mainly mediated by an increased phosphorylation of both eNOS and Akt, whereas BM-573 in vivo treatment also reduced oxidative stress and restored NO bioavailability. In addition, chronic administration of BM-573 reduced systolic blood pressure in ApoE-KO mice. In conclusion, pharmacological modulation of TxA2 biosynthesis and biological activities by dual TP antagonism/TxAS inhibition with BM-573, already known to prevent plaque formation, has the potential to correct vasodilatory dysfunction at the early stages of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Romero
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail: (MR); (CD)
| | - Elvira Leon-Gomez
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Irina Lobysheva
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Rath
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chantal Dessy
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail: (MR); (CD)
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Hoxha M, Buccellati C, Capra V, Garella D, Cena C, Rolando B, Fruttero R, Carnevali S, Sala A, Rovati G, Bertinaria M. In vitro pharmacological evaluation of multitarget agents for thromboxane prostanoid receptor antagonism and COX-2 inhibition. Pharmacol Res 2016; 103:132-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Could the thromboxane A2 pathway be a therapeutic target for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-induced atherosclerosis? Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang C, Luo Z, Kohan D, Wellstein A, Jose PA, Welch WJ, Wilcox CS, Wang D. Thromboxane prostanoid receptors enhance contractions, endothelin-1, and oxidative stress in microvessels from mice with chronic kidney disease. Hypertension 2015; 65:1055-63. [PMID: 25733239 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is frequent in chronic kidney disease and has been related to angiotensin II, endothelin-1 (ET-1), thromboxane A2, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because activation of thromboxane prostanoid receptors (TP-Rs) can generate ROS, which can generate ET-1, we tested the hypothesis that chronic kidney disease induces cyclooxygenase-2 whose products activate TP-Rs to enhance ET-1 and ROS generation and contractions. Mesenteric resistance arterioles were isolated from C57/BL6 or TP-R+/+ and TP-R-/- mice 3 months after SHAM-operation (SHAM) or surgical reduced renal mass (RRM, n=6/group). Microvascular contractions were studied on a wire myograph. Cellular (ethidium: dihydroethidium) and mitochondrial (mitoSOX) ROS were measured by fluorescence microscopy. Mice with RRM had increased excretion of markers of oxidative stress, thromboxane, and microalbumin; increased plasma ET-1; and increased microvascular expression of p22(phox), cyclooxygenase-2, TP-Rs, preproendothelin and endothelin-A receptors, and increased arteriolar remodeling. They had increased contractions to U-46,619 (118 ± 3 versus 87 ± 6, P<0.05) and ET-1 (108 ± 5 versus 89 ± 4, P<0.05), which were dependent on cellular and mitochondrial ROS, cyclooxygenase-2, and TP-Rs. RRM doubled the ET-1-induced cellular and mitochondrial ROS generation (P<0.05). TP-R-/- mice with RRM lacked these abnormal structural and functional microvascular responses and lacked the increased systemic and the increased microvascular oxidative stress and circulating ET-1. In conclusion, RRM leads to microvascular remodeling and enhanced ET-1-induced cellular and mitochondrial ROS and contractions that are mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 products activating TP-Rs. Thus, TP-Rs can be upstream from enhanced ROS, ET-1, microvascular remodeling, and contractility and may thereby coordinate vascular dysfunction in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- From the Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (C.W., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., D.W.) and Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center (A.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (C.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.K.); and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (P.A.J.)
| | - Zaiming Luo
- From the Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (C.W., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., D.W.) and Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center (A.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (C.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.K.); and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (P.A.J.)
| | - Donald Kohan
- From the Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (C.W., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., D.W.) and Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center (A.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (C.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.K.); and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (P.A.J.)
| | - Anton Wellstein
- From the Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (C.W., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., D.W.) and Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center (A.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (C.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.K.); and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (P.A.J.)
| | - Pedro A Jose
- From the Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (C.W., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., D.W.) and Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center (A.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (C.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.K.); and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (P.A.J.)
| | - William J Welch
- From the Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (C.W., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., D.W.) and Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center (A.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (C.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.K.); and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (P.A.J.)
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- From the Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (C.W., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., D.W.) and Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center (A.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (C.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.K.); and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (P.A.J.)
| | - Dan Wang
- From the Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (C.W., Z.L., W.J.W., C.S.W., D.W.) and Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center (A.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (C.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (D.K.); and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (P.A.J.).
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Rebel AA, Urquhart SA, Puig KL, Ghatak A, Brose SA, Golovko MY, Combs CK. Brain changes associated with thromboxane receptor antagonist SQ 29,548 treatment in a mouse model. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1279-92. [PMID: 25703023 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize behavioral and physiological effects of a selective thromboxane (TP) receptor antagonist, SQ 29,548, in the C57Bl/6 mouse model. At 6 months of age, male mice were given either sham or drug i.p. injections for 3 days at a dose of 2 mg/kg each day. On the day after the final injection, mice were subjected to behavioral testing before brain collection. Left hemisphere hippocampi were collected from all mice for protein analysis via Western blot. Right brain hemispheres were fixed and embedded in gelatin and then serially sectioned. The sections were immunostained with anti-c-Fos antibodies. Prostaglandin analysis was performed from remaining homogenized brain samples, minus the hippocampi. Injection of SQ 29,548 decreased selective brain prostaglandin levels compared with sham controls. This correlated with robust increases in limbic-region c-Fos immunoreactivity in the SQ 29,548-injected mice. However, drug-treated mice demonstrated no significant changes in relevant hippocampal protein levels compared with sham treatments, as determined from Western blots. Surprisingly, injection of SQ 29,548 caused mixed changes in parameters of depression and anxiety-like behavior in the mice. In conclusion, the results indicate that administration of peripheral TP receptor antagonists alters brain levels of prostanoids and influences neuronal activity, with only minimal alterations of behavior. Whether the drug affects neurons directly or through a secondary pathway involving endothelium or other tissues remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Rebel
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Siri A Urquhart
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Kendra L Puig
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Atreyi Ghatak
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Stephen A Brose
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Mikhail Y Golovko
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Colin K Combs
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota
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Mah E, Pei R, Guo Y, Masterjohn C, Ballard KD, Taylor BA, Taylor AW, Traber MG, Volek JS, Bruno RS. Greater γ-tocopherol status during acute smoking abstinence with nicotine replacement therapy improved vascular endothelial function by decreasing 8-iso-15(S)-prostaglandin F2α. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:527-33. [PMID: 25361769 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214556948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) improves the long-term success rate of smoking cessation, but induces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses that may delay the restoration of vascular endothelial function (VEF). No studies have examined co-therapy of NRT-assisted smoking abstinence with γ-tocopherol (γ-T), a vitamin E form with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, on improvements in VEF. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, healthy smokers (25 ± 1 y old; mean ± SEM) received NRT and abstained from smoking for 24 h with placebo (n = 12) or oral administration of γ-T-rich mixture of tocopherols (γ-TmT; n = 11) that provided 500 mg γ-T. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and biomarkers of nitric oxide metabolism, antioxidant status, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation [8-iso-prostaglandin F2α stereoisomers (8-iso-15(R)-PGF2α and 8-iso-15(S)-PGF2α)] were measured prior to and after 24 h of smoking abstinence. Smoking abstinence with NRT regardless of γ-TmT similarly decreased urinary naphthol (P < 0.05) without affecting plasma cotinine. γ-TmT increased plasma γ-T by 4-times and the urinary metabolite of γ-T, γ-carboxyethyl-chromanol, by three times. Smoking abstinence with γ-TmT, but not smoking abstinence alone, increased FMD without affecting plasma nitrate/nitrite or the ratio of asymmetric dimethylarginine/arginine. Urinary 8-iso-15(S)-PGF2α decreased only in those receiving γ-TmT and was inversely correlated to FMD (R = -0.43, P < 0.05). Circulating markers of inflammation were unaffected by smoking abstinence or γ-TmT. Short-term NRT-assisted smoking abstinence with γ-TmT, but not NRT-assisted smoking abstinence alone, improved VEF by decreasing 8-iso-15(S)-PGF2α, a vasoconstrictor that was otherwise unaffected by NRT-assisted smoking abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Mah
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ruisong Pei
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yi Guo
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Kevin D Ballard
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT 06102, USA
| | - Beth A Taylor
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT 06102, USA
| | - Alan W Taylor
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Bots ML, Ford I, Lloyd SM, Laurent S, Touboul PJ, Hennerici MG. Thromboxane prostaglandin receptor antagonist and carotid atherosclerosis progression in patients with cerebrovascular disease of ischemic origin: a randomized controlled trial. Stroke 2014; 45:2348-53. [PMID: 25070960 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.004775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Thromboxane prostaglandin receptors have been implicated to be involved in the atherosclerotic process. We assessed whether Terutroban, a thromboxane prostaglandin receptor antagonist, affects the progression of atherosclerosis, as measured by common carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaques. METHODS A substudy was performed among 1141 participants of the aspirin-controlled Prevention of Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Events of Ischemic Origin with Terutroban in Patients with a History of Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (PERFORM) trial. Common carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque occurrence was measured during a 3-year period. RESULTS Baseline characteristics did not differ between Terutroban (n=592) and aspirin (n=549) treated patients and were similar as in the main study. Mean study and treatment duration were similar (28 and 25 months, respectively). In the Terutroban group, the annualized rate of change in common carotid intima-media thickness was 0.006 mm per year (95% confidence interval, -0.004 to 0.016) and -0.005 mm per year (95% confidence interval, -0.015 to 0.005) in the aspirin group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the annualized rate of change of common carotid intima-media thickness (0.011 mm per year; 95% confidence interval, -0.003 to 0.025). At 12 months of follow-up, 66% of Terutroban patients had no emergent plaques, 31% had 1 to 2 emergent plaques, and 3% had ≥3 emergent plaques. In the aspirin group, the corresponding percentages were 64%, 32%, and 4%. Over time, there was no statistically significant difference in the number of emergent carotid plaques between treatment modalities (rate ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-1.07). CONCLUSIONS Compared with aspirin, Terutroban did not beneficially affect progression of carotid atherosclerosis among well-treated patients with a history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks with an internal carotid stenosis <70%. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL http://www.controlled-trials.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN66157730.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel L Bots
- From the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.); Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (I.F., S.M.L.); Department of Pharmacology and INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (S.L.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Hôpital Bichat and INSERM U698, Paris, France (P.J.T.); and Department of Neurology, UMM, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (M.G.H.).
| | - Ian Ford
- From the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.); Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (I.F., S.M.L.); Department of Pharmacology and INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (S.L.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Hôpital Bichat and INSERM U698, Paris, France (P.J.T.); and Department of Neurology, UMM, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (M.G.H.)
| | - Suzanne M Lloyd
- From the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.); Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (I.F., S.M.L.); Department of Pharmacology and INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (S.L.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Hôpital Bichat and INSERM U698, Paris, France (P.J.T.); and Department of Neurology, UMM, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (M.G.H.)
| | - Stephane Laurent
- From the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.); Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (I.F., S.M.L.); Department of Pharmacology and INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (S.L.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Hôpital Bichat and INSERM U698, Paris, France (P.J.T.); and Department of Neurology, UMM, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (M.G.H.)
| | - Pierre J Touboul
- From the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.); Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (I.F., S.M.L.); Department of Pharmacology and INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (S.L.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Hôpital Bichat and INSERM U698, Paris, France (P.J.T.); and Department of Neurology, UMM, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (M.G.H.)
| | - Michael G Hennerici
- From the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.); Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (I.F., S.M.L.); Department of Pharmacology and INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (S.L.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Hôpital Bichat and INSERM U698, Paris, France (P.J.T.); and Department of Neurology, UMM, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (M.G.H.)
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Ellinsworth DC, Shukla N, Fleming I, Jeremy JY. Interactions between thromboxane A₂, thromboxane/prostaglandin (TP) receptors, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarization. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:9-16. [PMID: 24469536 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelium-dependent smooth muscle hyperpolarization (EDH) increasingly predominates over endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) as a participant in vasodilation as vessel size decreases. Its underlying nature is highly variable between vessel types, species, disease states, and exact experimental conditions, and is variably mediated by one or more transferable endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors and/or the electrotonic spread of endothelial hyperpolarization into the media via gap junctions. Although generally regarded (and studied) as a mechanism that is independent of NO and prostanoids, evidence has emerged that the endothelium-derived contracting factor and prostanoid thromboxane A2 can modulate several signalling components central to EDH, and therefore potentially curtail vasodilation through mechanisms that are distinct from those putatively involved in direct smooth muscle contraction. Notably, vascular production of thromboxane A2 is elevated in a number of cardiovascular disease states that promote endothelial dysfunction. This review will therefore discuss the mechanisms through which thromboxane A2 interacts with and modulates EDH, and will also consider the implications of such cross-talk in vasodilator control in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Ellinsworth
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Queens Building Level 7, Upper Maudlin St, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
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Chakraborty R, Bhullar RP, Dakshinamurti S, Hwa J, Chelikani P. Inverse agonism of SQ 29,548 and Ramatroban on Thromboxane A2 receptor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85937. [PMID: 24465800 PMCID: PMC3900440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) show some level of basal activity even in the absence of an agonist, a phenomenon referred to as constitutive activity. Such constitutive activity in GPCRs is known to have important pathophysiological roles in human disease. The thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) is a GPCR that promotes thrombosis in response to binding of the prostanoid, thromboxane A2. TP dysfunction is widely implicated in pathophysiological conditions such as bleeding disorders, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Recently, we reported the characterization of a few constitutively active mutants (CAMs) in TP, including a genetic variant A160T. Using these CAMs as reporters, we now test the inverse agonist properties of known antagonists of TP, SQ 29,548, Ramatroban, L-670596 and Diclofenac, in HEK293T cells. Interestingly, SQ 29,548 reduced the basal activity of both, WT-TP and the CAMs while Ramatroban was able to reduce the basal activity of only the CAMs. Diclofenac and L-670596 showed no statistically significant reduction in basal activity of WT-TP or CAMs. To investigate the role of these compounds on human platelet function, we tested their effects on human megakaryocyte based system for platelet activation. Both SQ 29,548 and Ramatroban reduced the platelet hyperactivity of the A160T genetic variant. Taken together, our results suggest that SQ 29,548 and Ramatroban are inverse agonists for TP, whereas, L-670596 and Diclofenac are neutral antagonists. Our findings have important therapeutic applications in the treatment of TP mediated pathophysiological conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Blood Platelets/drug effects
- Blood Platelets/metabolism
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Carbazoles/pharmacology
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Hydrazines/pharmacology
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2/agonists
- Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2/genetics
- Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Chakraborty
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rajinder P. Bhullar
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shyamala Dakshinamurti
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - John Hwa
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Prashen Chelikani
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Dong J, Wong SL, Lau CW, Liu J, Wang YX, Dan He Z, Fai Ng C, Yu Chen Z, Yao X, Xu A, Ni X, Wang H, Huang Y. Calcitriol restores renovascular function in estrogen-deficient rats through downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and the thromboxane-prostanoid receptor. Kidney Int 2013; 84:54-63. [PMID: 23423254 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular risks increase in postmenopausal women. While vitamin D is supplemented for osteoporosis, it is not known whether it protects renal arterial function during estrogen deficiency. Here we measured changes in renovascular reactivity induced by ovariectomy in rats and examined whether calcitriol, the most active form of vitamin D, was able to correct such changes. The impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation in renal arteries from ovariectomized rats was effectively reversed by long-term calcitriol treatment. It was also corrected by acute exposure to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and a thromboxane-prostanoid receptor antagonist, respectively. Calcitriol normalized the overexpression of COX-2 and thromboxane-prostanoid receptors in intralobal renal artery segments and aortic endothelial cells isolated from ovariectomized rats. In vitro exposure of the arterial segments to calcitriol for 12 h improved relaxation and downregulated thromboxane-prostanoid receptors. The attenuated nitric oxide production in ovariectomized rat aortic endothelial cells was restored following a 12-h treatment with calcitriol, COX-2 inhibition, or thromboxane-prostanoid receptor antagonism. Thus, impaired endothelium-dependent renal artery relaxation in ovariectomized rats is mediated largely through increased activity and expression of COX-2 and the thromboxane-prostanoid receptor. Calcitriol restores endothelial function through downregulating both signaling proteins during estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Dong
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong, China
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No Implication of Thromboxane Prostanoid Receptors in Reactive Hyperemia of Skin and Skeletal Muscle in Human Forearm. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 61:127-32. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182798ad8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Angiolillo DJ. The Evolution of Antiplatelet Therapy in the Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes. Drugs 2012; 72:2087-116. [DOI: 10.2165/11640880-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Capra V, Bäck M, Barbieri SS, Camera M, Tremoli E, Rovati GE. Eicosanoids and Their Drugs in Cardiovascular Diseases: Focus on Atherosclerosis and Stroke. Med Res Rev 2012; 33:364-438. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Capra
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; University of Milan; Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Cardiology and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Marina Camera
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; University of Milan; Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino; I.R.C.C.S Milan Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; University of Milan; Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino; I.R.C.C.S Milan Italy
| | - G. Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; University of Milan; Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan Italy
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Abstract
Atherothrombosis is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in Western countries. Several clinical conditions are characterized by increased incidence of cardiovascular events and enhanced thromboxane (TX)-dependent platelet activation. Enhanced TX generation may be explained by mechanisms relatively insensitive to aspirin. More potent drugs possibly overcoming aspirin efficacy may be desirable. Thromboxane synthase inhibitors (TXSI) and thromboxane receptor antagonists (TXRA) have the potential to prove more effective than aspirin due to their different mechanism of action along the pathway of TXA(2). TXSI prevent the conversion of PGH(2) to TXA(2), reducing TXA(2) synthesis mainly in platelets, whereas TXRA block the downstream consequences of TXA(2) receptors (TP) activation.TXA(2) is a potent inducer of platelet activation through its interaction with TP on platelets. TP are activated not only by TXA(2), but also by prostaglandin (PG) D(2), PGE(2), PGF(2α), PGH(2), PG endoperoxides (i.e., 20-HETE), and isoprostanes, all representing aspirin-insensitive mechanisms of TP activation. Moreover, TP are also expressed on several cell types such as macrophages or monocytes, and vascular endothelial cells, and exert antiatherosclerotic, antivasoconstrictive, and antithrombotic effects, depending on the cellular target.Thus, targeting TP receptor, a common downstream pathway for both platelet and extraplatelet TXA(2) as well as for endoperoxides and isoprostanes, may be a useful antiatherosclerotic and a more powerful antithrombotic intervention in clinical settings, such as diabetes mellitus, characterized by persistently enhanced thromboxane (TX)-dependent platelet activation through isoprostane formation and low-grade inflammation, leading to extraplatelet sources of TXA(2). Among TXRA, terutroban is an orally active drug in clinical development for use in secondary prevention of thrombotic events in cardiovascular disease. Despite great expectations on this drug supported by a large body of preclinical and clinical evidence and pathophysiological rationale, the PERFORM trial failed to demonstrate the superiority of terutroban over aspirin in secondary prevention of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events among ~20,000 patients with stroke. However, the clinical setting and the design of the study in which the drug has been challenged may explain, at least in part, this unexpected finding.Drugs with dual action, such as dual TXS inhibitors/TP antagonist and dual COXIB/TP antagonists are currently in clinical development. The theoretical rationale for their benefit and the ongoing clinical studies are herein discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Davì
- Internal Medicine, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
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Keller J, Mandala M, Casson P, Osol G. Endothelial dysfunction in a rat model of PCOS: evidence of increased vasoconstrictor prostanoid activity. Endocrinology 2011; 152:4927-36. [PMID: 22028445 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical research demonstrates an association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endothelial dysfunction, a pathological state widely believed to be a hallmark of vascular disease; the underlying pathways, however, have not been defined. The purpose of this study was to characterize endothelial function in resistance arteries in a novel rat model of PCOS. Female rats were randomized at 3-4 wk to implantation of a 7.5-mg, 90-d dihydrotestosterone (DHT) pellet or a matched placebo. At 15-16 wk, experiments were performed on isolated mesenteric resistance arteries using a pressurized arteriograph. Endothelial function was assessed by the vasodilatory response of preconstricted arteries to acetylcholine (ACh) in the absence and presence of inhibitors for cyclooxygenase (indomethacin) and the thromboxane prostanoid receptor antagonist (SQ29,548). Distensibility was evaluated by measuring vessel diameter from 3-100 mm Hg, and elastin/collagen content was calculated on formalin-fixed vessels. Serum steroid levels were analyzed by sensitive RIA. DHT-induced PCOS rats were heavier, cycled irregularly, and had elevated blood pressure and smaller arterial lumens than controls. Furthermore, DHT vessels showed significantly reduced vasodilatory efficacy to ACh (with no change in sensitivity), reduced distensibility, and increased elastin content compared with controls. Within DHT animals, maximal dilation correlated negatively to DHT levels (r = -0.72) but not to body weight. Preincubation with either indomethacin or SC29,548 abrogated the dysfunction and restored full efficacy to ACh (P < 0.05). This is the first report to demonstrate the presence of endothelial dysfunction in a hyperandrogenic rat model of PCOS and to identify the role of vasoconstrictor prostanoids, allowing for more targeted research regarding the development of disease and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Keller
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401, USA.
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Abstract
The formation of blood clots--thrombosis--at sites of atherosclerotic plaque rupture is a major clinical problem despite ongoing improvements in antithrombotic therapy. Progress in identifying the pathogenic mechanisms regulating arterial thrombosis has led to the development of newer therapeutics, and there is general anticipation that these treatments will have greater efficacy and improved safety. However, major advances in this field require the identification of specific risk factors for arterial thrombosis in affected individuals and a rethink of the 'one size fits all' approach to antithrombotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun P Jackson
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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30
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Ritter JM. TP receptor antagonists (TXRAs): expensive irrelevance or wonder drugs strangled at birth? Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 71:801-3. [PMID: 21564159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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