1
|
Jin S, Yu Y, Zhang T, Xie D, Zheng Y, Wang C, Liu Y, Xia D. Surface modification strategies to reinforce the soft tissue seal at transmucosal region of dental implants. Bioact Mater 2024; 42:404-432. [PMID: 39308548 PMCID: PMC11415887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue seal around the transmucosal region of dental implants is crucial for shielding oral bacterial invasion and guaranteeing the long-term functioning of implants. Compared with the robust periodontal tissue barrier around a natural tooth, the peri-implant mucosa presents a lower bonding efficiency to the transmucosal region of dental implants, due to physiological structural differences. As such, the weaker soft tissue seal around the transmucosal region can be easily broken by oral pathogens, which may stimulate serious inflammatory responses and lead to the development of peri-implant mucositis. Without timely treatment, the curable peri-implant mucositis would evolve into irreversible peri-implantitis, finally causing the failure of implantation. Herein, this review has summarized current surface modification strategies for the transmucosal region of dental implants with improved soft tissue bonding capacities (e.g., improving surface wettability, fabricating micro/nano topographies, altering the surface chemical composition and constructing bioactive coatings). Furthermore, the surfaces with advanced soft tissue bonding abilities can be incorporated with antibacterial properties to prevent infections, and/or with immunomodulatory designs to facilitate the establishment of soft tissue seal. Finally, we proposed future research orientations for developing multifunctional surfaces, thus establishing a firm soft tissue seal at the transmucosal region and achieving the long-term predictability of dental implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Jin
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yameng Yu
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Daping Xie
- State Key Laboratory in Quality Research of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, 2-39-2 Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory in Quality Research of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dandan Xia
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Malta MD, Cerqueira MT, Marques AP. Extracellular matrix in skin diseases: The road to new therapies. J Adv Res 2023; 51:149-160. [PMID: 36481476 PMCID: PMC10491993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a vital structure with a dynamic and complex organization that plays an essential role in tissue homeostasis. In the skin, the ECM is arranged into two types of compartments: interstitial dermal matrix and basement membrane (BM). All evidence in the literature supports the notion that direct dysregulation of the composition, abundance or structure of one of these types of ECM, or indirect modifications in proteins that interact with them is linked to a wide range of human skin pathologies, including hereditary, autoimmune, and neoplastic diseases. Even though the ECM's key role in these pathologies has been widely documented, its potential as a therapeutic target has been overlooked. AIM OF REVIEW This review discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in three groups of skin ECM-related diseases - genetic, autoimmune, and neoplastic - and the recent therapeutic progress and opportunities targeting ECM. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This article describes the implications of alterations in ECM components and in BM-associated molecules that are determinant for guaranteeing its function in different skin disorders. Also, ongoing clinical trials on ECM-targeted therapies are discussed together with future opportunities that may open new avenues for treating ECM-associated skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Malta
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M T Cerqueira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - A P Marques
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Tang L, Duan J, Wang L, Ye F. Efficacy and safety of the combination of tranexamic acid injection and electro-optical synergy (ELOS) versus tranexamic acid injection alone in the treatment of melasma. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:179. [PMID: 37552377 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Melasma is a common, relapsing, multifactorial disease for which the treatment decision remains extremely difficult. This study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of tranexamic acid (TA) injection and electro-optical synergy (ELOS) versus TA injection alone in treating melasma. A retrospective study was undertaken for patients with facial epidermal or mixed-type melasma to compare clinical data between 15 patients receiving a combination regimen and 15 patients with TA injection only. The study administered TA through intravenous injection to the combination group (twice weekly for 12 weeks) followed by ELOS therapy (once a month for three times). The TA group, on the other hand, received only TA injection (twice weekly for 12 weeks). The evaluation of clinical effectiveness was based on comparing the Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI) scores before and one month after treatment (at 4 months). The Physician Global Assessment (PGA) and Patient satisfaction were documented, and adverse reactions were recorded. All patients were followed up for one year to observe the relapse. After treatment, the MASI scores and melasma severity were significantly reduced in both groups. The combination group showed better efficacy than the TA only group (P < 0.05). The Physician Global Assessment (PGA) and Patient satisfaction showed superior efficacies of the combination group. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of treatment-related side effects. Both groups experienced a certain degree of recurrence during the one-year follow-up, but the TA only group had a significantly higher recurrence rate than the combination group (P < 0.01). Together, the combination of TA injection and ELOS is a safe and effective treatment strategy for melasma and should be promoted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Medical Aesthetics, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Medical Aesthetics, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Duan
- Department of Medical Aesthetics, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medical Aesthetics, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Feilun Ye
- Department of Medical Aesthetics, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Berndt A, Gaßler N, Franz M. Invasion-Associated Reorganization of Laminin 332 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas: The Role of the Laminin γ2 Chain in Tumor Biology, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194903. [PMID: 36230826 PMCID: PMC9564360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The destructive growth of carcinomas is associated with crossing the border between the epithelial and the connective tissue parts of an organ. One component of this borderline, the basement membrane, is the heterotrimeric laminin 332, which mediates the adhesion of basal epithelial cells. This protein, in particular its gamma 2 chain, is fundamentally reorganized during tumor cell invasion. Specific deposition patterns of laminin 332 are also present in oral squamous cell carcinomas and have been shown to be of high diagnostic and predictive value. Furthermore, laminin 332 restructuring is associated with important tumor biological processes, e.g., stromal activation, the development of a motile phenotype, and tumor spreading. In this review, current knowledge in the field is summarized and the recommendation to consider laminin 332 as a promising grading and monitoring parameter and as a potential therapeutic target is discussed. Abstract Invasion of the connective tissue by carcinoma cells is accompanied by disintegration and reorganization of the hemidesmosomes, which connect the basement membrane to the basal epithelial cells. In terms of mediating the basement membrane, i.e., basal cell interactions, the heterotrimeric laminin 332 is the most important bridging molecule. Due to this distinct function, laminin 332, especially its gamma 2 chain, came into the focus of cancer research. Specific de novo synthesis and deposition patterns of laminin 332 are evident upon development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Loss from the basement membrane, cytoplasmic accumulation, and extracellular deposition are associated with crucial processes such as stromal activation and immune response, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and tumor cell budding. In networks with components of the tumor microenvironment, altered expression of laminin 332 chains, proteolytic processing, and interaction with integrin receptors seem to promote cancer cell migration. Indeed, reorganization patterns are shown to have a high diagnostic and prognostic value. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on laminin 332 reorganization in OSCCs with special focus on its gamma 2 chain and provide, based on the current literature, evidence on its promising role as a grading and monitoring parameter and as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Berndt
- Section Pathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-939-70-61
| | - Nikolaus Gaßler
- Section Pathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu L, Wang J, Li Y, Liu B, Zhang W, An W, Wang Q, Xu B, Zhao L, Ma C. Laminin 332-functionalized coating to regulate the behavior of keratinocytes and gingival mesenchymal stem cells to enhance implant soft tissue sealing. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac054. [PMID: 36072266 PMCID: PMC9438747 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-implant epithelial sealing is the first line of defense against external pathogens or stimuli; hence, an essential process to prevent peri-implantitis. Laminin 332 (LN332) is the main component of the internal basal lamina and participates in peri-implant epithelial sealing by forming hemidesmosomes (HDs) with integrin α6β4. In this work, poly (D, L-lactide) (PDLLA)-LN332 composite coating was successfully constructed by a method similar to layer-by-layer assembly, displaying staged LN332 release for as long as 28 days. The PDLLA-LN332 composite coating can activate the intracellular PI3K-Akt pathway via binding to cellular integrin α6β4, which can promote adhesion, migration and proliferation of HaCaT cells and further enhance the expression of keratinocyte HD-related molecules, including integrin α6β4, LN332 and plectin. Furthermore, the PDLLA-LN332 composite coating can promote the adhesion, spreading and proliferation of gingival mesenchymal stem cells and accelerate their epithelial differentiation. Therefore, the PDLLA-LN332 composite coating can enhance implant soft tissue sealing, warranting further in vivo study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Liu
- The Fourth Military Medical University State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, , Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Fourth Military Medical University State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, , Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ying Li
- The Fourth Military Medical University Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, , Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Bing Liu
- The Fourth Military Medical University Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, , Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Fourth Military Medical University State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, , Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Weikang An
- The Fourth Military Medical University State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, , Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Fourth Military Medical University State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, , Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Boya Xu
- The Fourth Military Medical University State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, , Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lingzhou Zhao
- The Fourth Military Medical University Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, , Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Chufan Ma
- The Fourth Military Medical University State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, , Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- The Fourth Military Medical University Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, , Beijing, 100142, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prudovsky I, Kacer D, Zucco VV, Palmeri M, Falank C, Kramer R, Carter D, Rappold J. Tranexamic acid: Beyond antifibrinolysis. Transfusion 2022; 62 Suppl 1:S301-S312. [PMID: 35834488 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a popular antifibrinolytic drug widely used in hemorrhagic trauma patients and cardiovascular, orthopedic, and gynecological surgical patients. TXA binds plasminogen and prevents its maturation to the fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin. A number of studies have demonstrated the broad life-saving effects of TXA in trauma, superior to those of other antifibrinolytic agents. Besides preventing fibrinolysis and blood loss, TXA has been reported to suppress posttraumatic inflammation and edema. Although the efficiency of TXA transcends simple inhibition of fibrinolysis, little is known about its mechanisms of action besides the suppression of plasmin maturation. Understanding the broader effects of TXA at the cell, organ, and organism levels are required to elucidate its potential mechanisms of action transcending antifibrinolytic activity. In this article, we provide a brief review of the current clinical use of TXA and then focus on the effects of TXA beyond antifibrinolytics such as its anti-inflammatory activity, protection of the endothelial and epithelial monolayers, stimulation of mitochondrial respiration, and suppression of melanogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Prudovsky
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Doreen Kacer
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Victoria Vieira Zucco
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Monica Palmeri
- Maine Medical Center Cardiovascular Institute, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Department of Trauma, Maine Medical Center, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Robert Kramer
- Maine Medical Center Cardiovascular Institute, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Damien Carter
- Department of Trauma, Maine Medical Center, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Joseph Rappold
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, Maine, USA.,Department of Trauma, Maine Medical Center, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Matsushige C, Xu X, Miyagi M, Zuo YY, Yamazaki Y. RGD-modified dextran hydrogel promotes follicle growth in three-dimensional ovarian tissue culture in mice. Theriogenology 2022; 183:120-131. [PMID: 35247849 PMCID: PMC9005264 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In vitro follicle growth is a promising technology to preserve fertility for cancer patients. We previously developed a three-dimensional (3-D) ovarian tissue culture system supported by mouse tumor cell-derived Matrigel. When murine ovarian tissues at 14 days old were cultured in Matrigel drops, antrum formation and oocyte competence were significantly enhanced compared with those cultured without Matrigel. In this study, we tested whether nonanimal-derived dextran hydrogels can support a 3-D ovarian tissue culture. We employed chemically defined dextran hydrogels consisting of dextran polymers crosslinked with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based cell-degradable crosslinker. To determine the optimal gel elasticity for the 3-D tissue culture, we measured Young's modulus of dextran hydrogels at four concentrations (1.75, 2.25, 2.75, and 3.25 mmol/L), and cultured ovarian tissues in these gels for 7 days. As a result, 2.25 mmol/L dextran hydrogel with Young's modulus of 224 Pa was appropriate to provide physical support as well as to promote follicle expansion in the 3-D system. To mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) environment, we modified the dextran hydrogels with two bioactive factors: ECM-derived Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides as a cell-adhesive factor, and activin A. The ovarian tissues were cultured in 2.25 mmol/L dextran hydrogels under four different conditions: Activin-/RGD- (A-R-), A + R-, A-R+, and A + R+. On Day 7 of culture, follicle and oocyte sizes were significantly increased in the RGD-modified conditions compared with those without RGD. The RGD-modified hydrogels also promoted mRNA levels of steroidogenic-related genes and estradiol production in the 3-D ovarian tissue culture. In vitro maturation and developmental competence of follicular oocytes were remarkably improved in the presence of RGD. In particular, blastocyst embryos were obtained only from A-R+ or A+R+ conditions after in vitro fertilization. We also determined synergistic effects of the RGD peptides and activin A on follicle growth and oocyte development in the 3-D tissue culture. In conclusion, our results suggest that RGD-modified dextran hydrogels provide an ECM-mimetic bioactive environment to support folliculogenesis in a 3-D ovarian tissue culture system.
Collapse
|
8
|
Vaca DJ, Thibau A, Schütz M, Kraiczy P, Happonen L, Malmström J, Kempf VAJ. Interaction with the host: the role of fibronectin and extracellular matrix proteins in the adhesion of Gram-negative bacteria. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 209:277-299. [PMID: 31784893 PMCID: PMC7248048 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of pathogenic microorganisms to adhere to host cells and avoid clearance by the host immune system is the initial and most decisive step leading to infections. Bacteria have developed different strategies to attach to diverse host surface structures. One important strategy is the adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (e.g., collagen, fibronectin, laminin) that are highly abundant in connective tissue and basement membranes. Gram-negative bacteria express variable outer membrane proteins (adhesins) to attach to the host and to initiate the process of infection. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of bacterial adhesion is a prerequisite for targeting this interaction by “anti-ligands” to prevent colonization or infection of the host. Future development of such “anti-ligands” (specifically interfering with bacteria-host matrix interactions) might result in the development of a new class of anti-infective drugs for the therapy of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the manifold interactions of adhesins expressed by Gram-negative bacteria with ECM proteins and the use of this information for the generation of novel therapeutic antivirulence strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Vaca
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Arno Thibau
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Monika Schütz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Kraiczy
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lotta Happonen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malmström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Volkhard A J Kempf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Voegeli R, Rawlings AV, Haftek M. Expression and ultrastructural localization of plasmin(ogen) in the terminally differentiated layers of normal human epidermis. Int J Cosmet Sci 2019; 41:624-628. [PMID: 31604367 PMCID: PMC6899821 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective Plasmin, a relatively unspecific trypsin‐like serine protease, is involved in many physiological and pathological conditions, particularly in dermatoses with barrier impairment. It is secreted as the inactive zymogen plasminogen and is activated to plasmin by plasminogen activators, such as urokinase. There still exists a paucity of data on the precise localization of epidermal plasmin(ogen) within the epidermis and the stratum corneum. The aim of the present study was to get information about its origin and ultrastructural localization within normal human epidermis. Method We performed immunoelectron transmission electron microscopy immunogold labelling in normal abdominal human skin. Result Plasmin was only observed in the terminally differentiated cell layers of the epidermis and was largely associated with the corneocyte envelopes and to some extent with the intercellular lipid matrix in the stratum corneum. Conclusion Our results indicate that in normal human skin, plasmin(ogen) is synthesized by differentiated epidermal keratinocytes of the stratum granulosum and is not serum‐born.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Voegeli
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | | | - M Haftek
- CNRS, UMR5305 LBTI, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Harrison-Blount M, Nester C, Williams A. The changing landscape of professional practice in podiatry, lessons to be learned from other professions about the barriers to change - a narrative review. J Foot Ankle Res 2019; 12:23. [PMID: 31015864 PMCID: PMC6469120 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-019-0333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The delivery of healthcare is changing and aligned with this, the podiatry profession continues to change with evidence informed practice and extending roles. As change is now a constant, this gives clinicians the opportunity to take ownership to drive that change forward. In some cases, practitioners and their teams have done so, where others have been reluctant to embrace change. It is not clear to what extent good practice is being shared, whether interventions to bring about change have been successful, or what barriers exist that have prevented change from occurring. The aim of this article is to explore the barriers to changing professional practice and what lessons podiatry can learn from other health care professions. MAIN BODY A literature search was carried out which informed a narrative review of the findings. Eligible papers had to (1) examine the barriers to change strategies, (2) explore knowledge, attitudes and roles during change interventions, (3) explore how the patients/service users contribute to the change process (4) include studies from predominantly primary care in developed countries.Ninety-two papers were included in the final review. Four papers included change interventions involving podiatrists. The barriers influencing change were synthesised into three themes (1) the organisational context, (2) the awareness, knowledge and attitudes of the professional, (3) the patient as a service user and consumer. CONCLUSIONS Minimal evidence exists about the barriers to changing professional practice in podiatry. However, there is substantial literature on barriers and implementation strategies aimed at changing professional practices in other health professions. Change in practice is often resisted at an organisational, professional or service user level. The limited literature about change in podiatry, a rapidly changing healthcare workforce and the wide range of contexts that podiatrists work, highlights the need to improve the ways in which podiatrists can share successful attempts to change practice.
Collapse
|
11
|
Iriyama S, Yamanishi H, Kunizawa N, Hirao T, Amano S. 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazolidinone, a heparanase and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, improves epidermal basement membrane structure and epidermal barrier function. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:247-253. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
12
|
Yamada T, Hasegawa S, Miyachi K, Date Y, Inoue Y, Yagami A, Arima M, Iwata Y, Yamamoto N, Nakata S, Matsunaga K, Sugiura K, Akamatsu H. Laminin-332 regulates differentiation of human interfollicular epidermal stem cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 171:37-46. [PMID: 29555367 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interfollicular epidermal stem cells (IFE-SCs) have self-renewal and differentiation potentials, and maintain epidermal homeostasis. Stem cells in vivo are regulated by the surrounding environment called niche to function properly, however, IFE-SC niche components are not fully understood. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of keeping epidermal homeostasis and of skin aging, and also to develop new therapeutic technologies for skin diseases, we searched for niche factors that regulate IFE-SCs. We found that laminin-332, a basement membrane component, was highly expressed at the tips of the dermal papillae, where IFE-SCs are localized, and that the stem cells by themselves expressed laminin-332. Knockdown of laminin-332 during the culture of IFE-SC-model cells to construct 3-dimensional epidermis in vitro resulted in failure to form proper structure, although no significant change was observed in either cell growth or apoptosis. Pre-coating of the culture insert with laminin-332 restored the normal formation of 3-dimensional epidermis. From these results, it was shown that laminin-332 is an essential niche component for the proper differentiation of IFE-SCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Yamada
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2-7 Torimicho, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Seiji Hasegawa
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2-7 Torimicho, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan; Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Katsuma Miyachi
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2-7 Torimicho, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Date
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2-7 Torimicho, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yu Inoue
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2-7 Torimicho, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagami
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Masaru Arima
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yohei Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Histochemistry, Joint Research Support Promotion Facility, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakata
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2-7 Torimicho, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsunaga
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Kazumitsu Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Akamatsu
- Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Muta K, Inomata S, Fukuhara T, Nomura J, Nishiyama T, Tagawa YI, Amano S. Inhibitory effect of the extract of rhizome of Curcuma longa L in gelatinase activity and its effect on human skin. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:353-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
14
|
Hara Y, Ogura Y, Yamashita T, Furukawa D, Saeki S. Visualization of viscoelastic behavior in skin equivalent using optical coherence tomography-based straingraphy. Skin Res Technol 2018; 24:334-339. [PMID: 29368351 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The relationships between the skin components and these mechanical roles are still unclear. To clarify these relationships, we investigated spatial mapping of the mechanical behavior of cultured skin equivalents (SEs) using optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based straingraphy. METHODS We built a strain relaxation test system combined with OCT and developed an algorithm that could visualize a time-dependent strain distribution, named dynamic-optical coherence straingraphy (D-OCSA). Using this system, we analyzed how the spatial mechanical changes in the SEs depended on the culture duration. For quantitative analysis of viscoelastic behavior, we defined a relaxation attenuation coefficient of strain rate, which indicates the ratio of viscosity and elasticity in the Klevin-Voight model. RESULTS By culturing for 4 days in comparison to culturing for 1 day, the strain relaxation attenuation coefficient of the whole skin, especially at the region of the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ), significantly increased in the negative direction. In tissue slices taken for microscopy, several cracks were observed in the SEs cultured for 4 days. CONCLUSION This study is the first to provide quantified evidence that the DEJ is a dynamically specialized region. An OCT-based straingraphy system (D-OCSA) would be beneficial for evaluating the quality of SEs, as well as functional analysis of their mechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Hara
- Shiseido Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan.,Mechanical and Physical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Ogura
- Shiseido Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - D Furukawa
- Mechanical and Physical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Saeki
- Mechanical and Physical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Matsuura-Hachiya Y, Arai KY, Muraguchi T, Sasaki T, Nishiyama T. Type IV collagen aggregates promote keratinocyte proliferation and formation of epidermal layer in human skin equivalents. Exp Dermatol 2017; 27:443-448. [PMID: 28266764 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Type IV collagen isolated from lens capsule without enzymatic treatment is known to form a gel under physiological condition and influences cellular activities. In case of human keratinocytes, the suppression of proliferation on reconstituted type IV collagen gels was reported in monolayer culture. In this study, we examined effects of type IV collagen isolated from porcine lens capsule on epidermal formation in human skin equivalents (HSEs). Type IV collagen aggregates were prepared under the culture condition and the aggregates suppressed keratinocyte proliferation in monolayer culture as well as the culture on the gels. In HSEs, type IV collagen aggregates were reconstituted on the surface of contracted collagen gels containing human dermal fibroblasts and the keratinocytes were then cultured on the aggregates for 14 days. Interestingly, in HSEs with type IV collagen aggregates, the BrdU-positive keratinocytes were increased and the thickness of the epidermal layer was around twice than that of control culture. Epidermal differentiation markers were expressed in the upper layer of the epidermis and the defined deposition of human basement membrane components were increased at the dermal-epidermal junction. These results indicate that the type IV collagen aggregates stimulate the proliferation of basal keratinocytes and improve the stratification of epidermal layers in HSEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Matsuura-Hachiya
- Scleroprotein Research Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Y Arai
- Scleroprotein Research Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Muraguchi
- Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Research Laboratories, Fuji Film Co., Kaisei, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tasuku Sasaki
- Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Research Laboratories, Fuji Film Co., Kaisei, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshio Nishiyama
- Scleroprotein Research Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Al-Shorbaji N, Borycki EM, Kimura M, Lehmann CU, Lorenzi NM, Moura LA, Winter A. Discussion of "Representation of People's Decisions in Health Information Systems: A Complementary Approach for Understanding Health Care Systems and Population Health". Methods Inf Med 2017; 56:e20-e29. [PMID: 28144678 PMCID: PMC5388925 DOI: 10.3414/me16-15-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a For-Discussion-Section of Methods of Information in Medicine about the paper "Representation of People's Decisions in Health Information Systems: A Complementary Approach for Understanding Health Care Systems and Population Health" written by Fernan Gonzalez Bernaldo de Quiros, Adriana Ruth Dawidowski, and Silvana Figar. It is introduced by an editorial. This article contains the combined commentaries invited to independently comment on the paper of de Quiros, Dawidowski, and Figar. In subsequent issues the discussion can continue through letters to the editor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth M. Borycki
- School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michio Kimura
- Medical Informatics Department, School of Medicine, Hamamatsu University Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Alfred Winter
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tsunenaga M. Heparanase Inhibitors Facilitate the Assembly of the Basement Membrane in Artificial Skin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5:113-122. [PMID: 27853671 PMCID: PMC5070419 DOI: 10.2174/2211542005666160725154356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent research suggests that the basement membrane at the dermal-epidermal junction of the skin plays an important role in maintaining a healthy epidermis and dermis, and repeated damage to the skin can destabilize the skin and accelerate the aging process. Skin-equivalent models are suitable for studying the reconstruction of the basement membrane and its contribution to epidermal homeostasis because they lack the basement membrane and show abnormal expression of epidermal differentiation markers. By using these models, it has been shown that reconstruction of the basement membrane is enhanced not only by supplying basement membrane components, but also by inhibiting proteinases such as urokinase and matrix metalloproteinase. Although matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors assist in the reconstruction of the basement membrane structure, their action is not sufficient to promote its functional recovery. However, heparanase inhibitors stabilize the heparan sulfate chains of perlecan (a heparan sulfate proteoglycan) and promote the regulation of heparan sulfate binding growth factors in the basement membrane. Heparan sulfate promotes effective protein-protein interactions, thereby facilitating the assembly of type VII collagen anchoring fibrils and elastin-associated microfibrils. Using both matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors and heparanase inhibitors, the basement membrane in a skin-equivalent model comes close to recapitulating the structure and function of an in vivo basement membrane. Therefore, by using an appropriate dermis model and suitable protease inhibitors, it may be possible to produce skin-equivalent models that are more similar to natural skin
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tsunenaga
- Shiseido Research Center, 2-2-1 Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Amano S. Characterization and mechanisms of photoageing-related changes in skin. Damages of basement membrane and dermal structures. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25 Suppl 3:14-9. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
Tokuyama E, Nagai Y, Takahashi K, Kimata Y, Naruse K. Mechanical Stretch on Human Skin Equivalents Increases the Epidermal Thickness and Develops the Basement Membrane. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141989. [PMID: 26528823 PMCID: PMC4631345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All previous reports concerning the effect of stretch on cultured skin cells dealt with experiments on epidermal keratinocytes or dermal fibroblasts alone. The aim of the present study was to develop a system that allows application of stretch stimuli to human skin equivalents (HSEs), prepared by coculturing of these two types of cells. In addition, this study aimed to analyze the effect of a stretch on keratinization of the epidermis and on the basement membrane. HSEs were prepared in a gutter-like structure created with a porous silicone sheet in a silicone chamber. After 5-day stimulation with stretching, HSEs were analyzed histologically and immunohistologically. Stretch-stimulated HSEs had a thicker epidermal layer and expressed significantly greater levels of laminin 5 and collagen IV/VII in the basal layer compared with HSEs not subjected to stretch stimulation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the structure of the basement membrane was more developed in HSEs subjected to stretching. Our model may be relevant for extrapolating the effect of a stretch on the skin in a state similar to an in vivo system. This experimental system may be useful for analysis of the effects of stretch stimuli on skin properties and wound healing and is also expected to be applicable to an in vitro model of a hypertrophic scar in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eijiro Tokuyama
- The Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Ken Takahashi
- The Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kimata
- The Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keiji Naruse
- The Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ibrahim ZA, El Ashmawy AA, Abd El-Naby NM, Ghoraba HM. Immunohistochemical expression of cathepsin L in atopic dermatitis and lichen planus. Indian J Dermatol 2015; 60:13-20. [PMID: 25657391 PMCID: PMC4318056 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.147779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cathepsin L is a member of papain superfamily. It seems to promote T-cell survival, selection maturation in the thymus and enhance the antigen presentation. Cathepsin L plays an important role in tumor necrosis factors (TNF-α) induced cell death. Also it degrades the tight junction between cornedesomses in the epidermis. Elevated expression of cathepsin L has been found in many inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine immunohistochemical expression of cathepsin L in atopic dermatitis (AD) and lichen planus (LP) patients in order to evaluate its role in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Materials and Methods: This study included 15 patients with AD (Group I), 15 patients with LP (Group II), in addition to 10 healthy skin specimens served as controls (Group III). Punch biopsies were taken from lesional skin of the patients and controls for immunohistochemical detection of cathepsin L expression. Results: Highly significant increase was found in cathepsin L expression in AD and LP patients compared to controls [P = 0.001]. Conclusion: Cathepsin L could be implicated as an important protease in the pathogenesis of AD and LP. It could be a useful marker for assessing AD severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab A Ibrahim
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Amal A El Ashmawy
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Naeim M Abd El-Naby
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Hussein M Ghoraba
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chang YC, Wang JD, Hahn RA, Gordon MK, Joseph LB, Heck DE, Heindel ND, Young SC, Sinko PJ, Casillas RP, Laskin JD, Laskin DL, Gerecke DR. Therapeutic potential of a non-steroidal bifunctional anti-inflammatory and anti-cholinergic agent against skin injury induced by sulfur mustard. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:236-44. [PMID: 25127551 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, SM) is a highly reactive bifunctional alkylating agent inducing edema, inflammation, and the formation of fluid-filled blisters in the skin. Medical countermeasures against SM-induced cutaneous injury have yet to be established. In the present studies, we tested a novel, bifunctional anti-inflammatory prodrug (NDH 4338) designed to target cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), an enzyme that generates inflammatory eicosanoids, and acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme mediating activation of cholinergic inflammatory pathways in a model of SM-induced skin injury. Adult SKH-1 hairless male mice were exposed to SM using a dorsal skin vapor cup model. NDH 4338 was applied topically to the skin 24, 48, and 72 h post-SM exposure. After 96 h, SM was found to induce skin injury characterized by edema, epidermal hyperplasia, loss of the differentiation marker, keratin 10 (K10), upregulation of the skin wound marker keratin 6 (K6), disruption of the basement membrane anchoring protein laminin 322, and increased expression of epidermal COX2. NDH 4338 post-treatment reduced SM-induced dermal edema and enhanced skin re-epithelialization. This was associated with a reduction in COX2 expression, increased K10 expression in the suprabasal epidermis, and reduced expression of K6. NDH 4338 also restored basement membrane integrity, as evidenced by continuous expression of laminin 332 at the dermal-epidermal junction. Taken together, these data indicate that a bifunctional anti-inflammatory prodrug stimulates repair of SM induced skin injury and may be useful as a medical countermeasure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoke-Chen Chang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - James D Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Rita A Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Marion K Gordon
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Laurie B Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Diane E Heck
- Department of Environmental Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Ned D Heindel
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - Sherri C Young
- Department of Chemistry, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA, United States
| | - Patrick J Sinko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Donald R Gerecke
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Arianayagam S, Ryan TJ. Human pigmentation: A side effect adapted from a primitive organism's survival, acting through cell attachment with an affinity for the keratinocyte and for elastin: Part I. Indian Dermatol Online J 2014; 5:201-9. [PMID: 24860764 PMCID: PMC4030357 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5178.131125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigmentation featured millions of years ago and perhaps began with an amoeba frightening off a predator with some agent such as dopamine to prevent its attachment for phagocytosis by an enemy. This paper suggests that the environmental forces of grip and stick deserve greater emphasis and that mechanical forces involved in grip and stick or release from attachment, all point to control of proteases underlying pigmentation. There is an affinity for elastin as a pathway for melanin to exit its peripheral location in the epidermis into lymphatics and play a humeral role in defense mechanisms. The hair follicle follows the epidermal-dermal pattern of behavior with an affinity for elastin, a controlling function of melanin and through the bulge, an influence of mechanical forces and control by protease inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Terence J Ryan
- Department of Dermatology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arai KY, Sugimoto M, Ito K, Ogura Y, Akutsu N, Amano S, Adachi E, Nishiyama T. Repeated folding stress-induced morphological changes in the dermal equivalent. Skin Res Technol 2014; 20:399-408. [PMID: 24506301 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Repeated mechanical stresses applied to the same region of the skin are thought to induce morphological changes known as wrinkle. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. To study the mechanisms, we examined effects of repeated mechanical stress on the dermal equivalent. METHODS We developed a novel device to apply repeated folding stress to the dermal equivalent. After applying the mechanical stress, morphological changes of the dermal equivalent and expression of several genes related to extracellular matrix turn over and cell contraction were examined. RESULTS The repeated folding stress induced a noticeable decrease in the width of the dermal equivalent. The mechanical stress altered orientations of collagen fibrils. Hydroxyproline contents, dry weights and cell viability of the dermal equivalents were not affected by the mechanical stress. On the other hand, Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing kinase (ROCK) specific inhibitor Y27632 completely suppressed the decrease in the width of the dermal equivalent. CONCLUSION The present results revealed that either degradation of collagen or changes in the number of cells were not responsible for the decrease in the width of the dermal equivalent and indicate that the repeated mechanical stress induces unidirectional contraction in the dermal equivalent through the RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Y Arai
- Scleroprotein Research Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
A peptide derived from laminin-γ3 reversibly impairs spermatogenesis in rats. Nat Commun 2013; 3:1185. [PMID: 23149730 PMCID: PMC3538133 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular events that occur across the seminiferous epithelium of the mammalian testis during spermatogenesis are tightly coordinated by biologically active peptides released from laminin chains. Laminin-γ3 domain IV (Lam γ3 DIV) is released at the apical ectoplasmic specialization (ES) during spermiation and mediates restructuring of the blood-testis barrier (BTB), which facilitates the transit of preleptotene spermatocytes. Here we determine the biologically active domain in Lam γ3 DIV, which we designate F5-peptide, and show that overexpression of this domain, or the use of a synthetic F5-peptide, in Sertoli cells with an established functional BTB reversibly perturbs BTB integrity in vitro and in rat testis in vivo. This effect is mediated via changes in protein distribution at the Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell-cell interface and by phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase at Tyr407. The consequences are perturbed organization of actin filaments in Sertoli cells, disruption of the BTB and spermatid loss. The impairment of spermatogenesis suggests that this laminin peptide fragment may serve as a contraceptive in male rats.
Collapse
|
25
|
Stratum corneum proteases and dry skin conditions. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 351:217-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
26
|
Cuccioloni M, Bonfili L, Mozzicafreddo M, Cecarini V, Eleuteri AM, Angeletti M. Sanguisorba minor extract suppresses plasmin-mediated mechanisms of cancer cell migration. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1027-34. [PMID: 22348918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sanguisorba minor, as well as several other edible herbs and vegetables, has been used extensively in traditional medicine. The observed beneficial effects can be attributed at least in part to the direct modulation of several enzymatic activities by its polyphenolic constituents. METHODS The ethanol extract of Sanguisorba minor was characterized by reversed-phase liquid chromatography, and most relevant analytes were identified by multiple stage mass spectrometry. The whole extract and the most relevant isolated constituents were tested for their ability to modulate the activity of human plasmin both toward a synthetic substrate and in human breast cancer cell culture models. Kinetic and equilibrium parameters were obtained by a concerted spectrophotometric and biosensor-based approach. RESULTS Quercetin-3-glucuronide was recognized as the compound mainly responsible for the in vitro plasmin inhibition by S. minor extract, with an inhibition constant in the high nanomolar range; in detail, our approach based on bioinformatic, enzymatic and binding analyses classified the inhibition as competitive. Most interestingly, cell-based assays showed that this flavonoid was effective in suppressing plasmin-induced loss of cancer cell adhesion. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results show that the extract from Sanguisorba minor limits plasmin-mediated tumor cell motility in vitro, mostly due to quercetin-3-glucuronide. This glucuronated flavonoid is a promising template for rational designing of anticancer drugs to be used in the treatment of pathological states involving the unregulated activity of plasmin.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ngora H, Galli UM, Miyazaki K, Zöller M. Membrane-bound and exosomal metastasis-associated C4.4A promotes migration by associating with the α(6)β(4) integrin and MT1-MMP. Neoplasia 2012; 14:95-107. [PMID: 22431918 PMCID: PMC3306255 DOI: 10.1593/neo.111450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis-associated C4.4A, which becomes upregulated during wound healing and, in some tumors, during tumor progression, is known to be frequently associated with hypoxia. With the function of C4.4A still unknown, we explored the impact of hypoxia on C4.4A expression and functional activity. Metastatic rat and human tumor lines upregulate C4.4A expression when cultured in the presence of CoCl(2). Although hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) becomes upregulated concomitantly, HIF-1α did not induce C4.4A transcription. Instead, hypoxia-induced C4.4A up-regulation promoted in vivo and in vitro wound healing, where increased migration on the C4.4A ligands laminin-111 and -332 was observed after a transient period of pronounced binding. Increased migration was accompanied by C4.4A associating with α(6)β(4), MT1-MMP1, and TACE and by laminin fragmentation. Hypoxia also promoted the release of C4.4A in exosomes and TACE-mediated C4.4A shedding. The association of C4.4A with α(6)β(4) and MT1-MMP1 was maintained in exosomes and exosomal α(6)β(4)- and MT1-MMP1-associated C4.4A but not shed C4.4A sufficient for laminin degradation. Hypoxia-induced recruitment of α(6)β(4) toward raft-located C4.4A, MT1-MMP, and TACE allows for a shift from adhesion to motility, which is supported by laminin degradation. These findings provide the first explanation for the C4.4A contribution to wound healing and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honoré Ngora
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe M Galli
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Iriyama S, Hiruma T, Tsunenaga M, Amano S. Influence of heparan sulfate chains in proteoglycan at the dermal-epidermal junction on epidermal homeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:810-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
29
|
Visser MB, Pollitt CC. The timeline of lamellar basement membrane changes during equine laminitis development. Equine Vet J 2011; 43:471-7. [PMID: 21496071 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY The timing of lamellar basement membrane (BM) changes occurring during laminitis development is incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES To determine the temporal progression of lamellar BM changes and whether laminin-332 (Ln-332) γ2 cleavage products are generated during laminitis development. METHODS Eight clinically normal Standardbred horses were allocated into treatment (n = 5) or sham (n = 3) groups. The treatment group received, via nasogastric intubation, an oligofructose (OF) bolus (10 g/kg bwt) while the sham group was given water. Laminitis induction proceeded for 48 h followed by euthanasia. Lamellar biopsies were obtained prior to dosing and at intervals during the treatment period for analysis (at 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 h and at 48 h following euthanasia). RESULTS Changes in lamellar collagen type IV and Ln-332 were first observed at 12 h post dosing. A unique pattern of reactivity for the Ln-332 γ2 antibody D4B5 occurred, in which reactivity was observed only in lamellar tissue affected by laminitis. No bioactive Ln-332 γ2 proteolytic fragments were detected in lamellar samples. CONCLUSIONS Basement membrane changes occurred early during the laminitis process. Direct Ln-332 γ2 cleavage to release biologically active products did not appear to occur. Thus loss of stability or protein interaction of the BM is probably responsible for the γ2 specific reactivity observed. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Basement membrane changes may a first step in lamellar failure occurring prior to detection with conventional methods. Thus, more sensitive detection methods of BM changes are required to study laminitis development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M B Visser
- The Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chung H, Suh EK, Han IO, Oh ES. Keratinocyte-derived laminin-332 promotes adhesion and migration in melanocytes and melanoma. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:13438-47. [PMID: 21349841 PMCID: PMC3075690 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.166751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanocytes are highly motile cells that play an integral role in basic skin physiological processes such as wound healing and proper skin pigmentation. It has been postulated that surrounding keratinocytes contribute to melanocyte migration, but underlying mechanisms remain rather vague so far. In this study, we set out to analyze the specific potential contribution of keratinocyte components to melanocytes and melanoma cell migration-related processes. Our studies revealed that A375 human melanoma cell attachment, spreading, and migration are interestingly better supported by HaCaT keratinocyte extracellular matrix (ECM) than by self-derived A375 ECM. Moreover, HaCaT ECM caused increased integrin α6 expression, adhesion-mediated focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation, and focal adhesion formations. Similar effects were confirmed in human melanocytes. Furthermore, we found that keratinocyte-derived soluble factors did not appear to significantly contribute to these processes. Specific extrinsic factors that promoted melanoma migration were attributed to keratinocyte-derived laminin-332, whereas alternative ECM component such as laminin-111 and fibronectin functions appeared to have insignificant contributions. Taken together, these studies implicate extrinsic laminin-332 in promoting the high mobility property and perhaps invasiveness inherently characteristic of, and that are the menace of, melanocytes and melanomas, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heesung Chung
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, and the Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea and
| | - Eun-Kyung Suh
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, and the Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea and
| | - Inn-Oc Han
- the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Eok-Soo Oh
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, and the Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea and
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Components of cell-matrix linkage as potential new markers for prostate cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:883-96. [PMID: 24212644 PMCID: PMC3756394 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3010883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common tumor diseases worldwide. Often being non-aggressive, prostate tumors in these cases do not need immediate treatment. However, about 20% of diagnosed prostate cancers tend to metastasize and require treatment. Existing diagnostic methods may fail to accurately recognize the transition of a dormant, non-aggressive tumor into highly malignant prostate cancer. Therefore, new diagnostic tools are needed to improve diagnosis and therapy of prostate carcinoma. This review evaluates existing methods to diagnose prostate carcinoma, such as the biochemical marker prostate-specific antigen (PSA), but also discusses the possibility to use the altered expression of integrins and laminin-332 in prostate carcinomas as diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets of prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
32
|
Juncker-Jensen A, Lund LR. Phenotypic overlap between MMP-13 and the plasminogen activation system during wound healing in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16954. [PMID: 21326869 PMCID: PMC3033913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix is a crucial step in the healing of incisional skin wounds. Thus, healing of skin wounds is delayed by either plasminogen-deficiency or by treatment with the broad-spectrum metalloproteinase (MP) inhibitor Galardin alone, while the two perturbations combined completely prevent wound healing. Both urokinase-type plasminogen activator and several matrix metallo proteinases (MMPs), such as MMP-3, -9 and -13, are expressed in the leading-edge keratinocytes of skin wounds, which may account for this phenotypic overlap between these classes of proteases. METHODOLOGY To further test that hypothesis we generated Mmp13;Plau and Mmp13;Plg double-deficient mice in a cross between Mmp13- and Plau-deficient mice as well as Mmp13- and Plg-deficient mice. These mice were examined for normal physiology in a large cohort study and in a well-characterized skin wound healing model, in which we made incisional 20 mm-long full-thickness skin wounds. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS While mice that are deficient in Mmp13 have a mean healing time indistinguishable to wild-type mice, wound healing in both Plau- and Plg-deficient mice is significantly delayed. Histological analysis of healed wounds revealed a significant increase in keratin 10/14 immunoreactive layers of kerationcytes in the skin surface in Mmp13;Plau double-deficient mice. Furthermore, we observe, by immunohistological analysis, an aberrant angiogenic pattern during wound healing induced by Plau-deficiency, which has not previously been described. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a phenotypic overlap, defined as an additional delay in wound healing in the double-deficient mice compared to the individual single-deficient mice, between MMP-13 and the plasminogen activation system in the process of wound healing, but not during gestation and in postnatal development. Thus, a dual targeting of uPA and MMP-13 might be a possible future strategy in designing therapies aimed at tissue repair or other pathological processes, such as cancer invasion, where proteolytic degradation is a hallmark.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Juncker-Jensen
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Biocenter, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leif R. Lund
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Biocenter, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ryan TJ. The skin on the move but cold adapted: Fundamental misconceptions in the laboratory and clinic. Indian Dermatol Online J 2010; 1:3-7. [PMID: 23130182 PMCID: PMC3481412 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5178.73248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is constantly on the move and at a temperature below 37ºC. The epidermis is a factory, and its blood supply and lymphatic drainage, as well as adipose tissue, are much dependent on movement and influenced by cooling. Neither histopathology (still pictures) nor in vitro studies at 37ºC reflect the true picture. Recent publications neglect older literature exploring these issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terence J. Ryan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Oxford, Oxford-Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Holt SK, Kwon EM, Lin DW, Ostrander EA, Stanford JL. Association of hepsin gene variants with prostate cancer risk and prognosis. Prostate 2010; 70:1012-9. [PMID: 20166135 PMCID: PMC2875316 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepsin (HPN) is one of the most consistently overexpressed genes in prostate cancer and there is some evidence supporting an association between HPN gene variants and prostate cancer risk. We report results from a population-based case-control genetic association study for six tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in the HPN gene. METHODS Prostate cancer risk was estimated using adjusted unconditional logistic regression in 1,401 incident prostate cancer cases diagnosed in 1993 through 1996 or 2002 through 2005 and 1,351 age-matched controls. Risks of disease recurrence/progression and prostate cancer-specific mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression in 437 cases with long-term follow-up. RESULTS There were 135 recurrence/progression events and 57 cases who died of prostate cancer. Contrary to some earlier studies, we found no evidence of altered risk of developing prostate cancer overall or when clinical measures of tumor aggressiveness were considered for any of the tagSNPs, assessed either individually or by haplotypes. There was no evidence of altered risks of tumor recurrence/progression or prostate cancer death associated with variants in the HPN gene. CONCLUSIONS Germline genetic variation of HPN does not seem to contribute to risk of prostate cancer or prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Holt
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhu J. Bioactive modification of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2010; 31:4639-56. [PMID: 20303169 PMCID: PMC2907908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 835] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we explore different approaches for introducing bioactivity into poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. Hydrogels are excellent scaffolding materials for repairing and regenerating a variety of tissues because they can provide a highly swollen three-dimensional (3D) environment similar to soft tissues. Synthetic hydrogels like PEG-based hydrogels have advantages over natural hydrogels, such as the ability for photopolymerization, adjustable mechanical properties, and easy control of scaffold architecture and chemical compositions. However, PEG hydrogels alone cannot provide an ideal environment to support cell adhesion and tissue formation due to their bio-inert nature. The natural extracellular matrix (ECM) has been an attractive model for the design and fabrication of bioactive scaffolds for tissue engineering. ECM-mimetic modification of PEG hydrogels has emerged as an important strategy to modulate specific cellular responses. To tether ECM-derived bioactive molecules (BMs) to PEG hydrogels, various strategies have been developed for the incorporation of key ECM biofunctions, such as specific cell adhesion, proteolytic degradation, and signal molecule-binding. A number of cell types have been immobilized on bioactive PEG hydrogels to provide fundamental knowledge of cell/scaffold interactions. This review addresses the recent progress in material designs and fabrication approaches leading to the development of bioactive hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hajjaj FM, Salek MS, Basra MKA, Finlay AY. Non-clinical influences on clinical decision-making: a major challenge to evidence-based practice. J R Soc Med 2010; 103:178-87. [PMID: 20436026 PMCID: PMC2862069 DOI: 10.1258/jrsm.2010.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews an aspect of daily clinical practice which is of critical importance in virtually every clinical consultation, but which is seldom formally considered. Non-clinical influences on clinical decision-making profoundly affect medical decisions. These influences include patient-related factors such as socioeconomic status, quality of life and patient's expectations and wishes, physician-related factors such as personal characteristics and interaction with their professional community, and features of clinical practice such as private versus public practice as well as local management policies. This review brings together the different strands of knowledge concerning non-clinical influences on clinical decision-making. This aspect of decision-making may be the biggest obstacle to the reality of practising evidence-based medicine. It needs to be understood in order to develop clinical strategies that will facilitate the practice of evidence-based medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M Hajjaj
- Department of Dermatology and Wound Healing, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
The coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways regulate hemostasis and thrombosis, and an imbalance in these pathways may result in pathologic hemophilia or thrombosis. The plasminogen system is the primary proteolytic pathway for fibrinolysis, but also has important proteolytic functions in cell migration, extracellular matrix degradation, metalloproteinase activation, and hormone processing. Several studies have demonstrated plasmin cleavage and inactivation of several coagulation factors, suggesting plasmin may be not only be the primary fibrinolytic enzyme, but may have anticoagulant properties as well. The objective of this review is to examine both in vitro and in vivo evidence for plasmin inactivation of coagulation, and to consider whether plasmin may act as a physiological regulator of coagulation. While several studies have demonstrated strong evidence for plasmin cleavage and inactivation of coagulation factors FV, FVIII, FIX, and FX in vitro, in vivo evidence is lacking for a physiologic role for plasmin as an anticoagulant. However, inactivation of coagulation factors by plasmin may be useful as a localized anticoagulant therapy or as a combined thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Hoover-Plow
- Joseph J Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hashimoto T, Dainichi T, Ohyama B, Hamada T, Ishii N, Sato N, Tanigawa O, Nakayama J, Amano S, Nishiyama T, Karashima T, Nakama T, Yasumoto S. A case of antilaminin 332 mucous membrane pemphigoid showing a blister on the bulbar conjunctiva and a unique epitope on the alpha3 subunit. Br J Dermatol 2010; 162:898-9. [PMID: 20199543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
39
|
Muta-Takada K, Terada T, Yamanishi H, Ashida Y, Inomata S, Nishiyama T, Amano S. Coenzyme Q10 protects against oxidative stress-induced cell death and enhances the synthesis of basement membrane components in dermal and epidermal cells. Biofactors 2009; 35:435-41. [PMID: 19753652 DOI: 10.1002/biof.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which has both energizing and anti-oxidative effects, is also reported to have antiaging action, e.g., reducing the area of facial wrinkles. However, the mechanism of its anti-aging activity is not fully established. Here, we examined the effect of CoQ10 on human dermal and epidermal cells. CoQ10 promoted proliferation of fibroblasts but not keratinocytes. It also accelerated production of basement membrane components, i.e., laminin 332 and type IV and VII collagens, in keratinocytes and fibroblasts, respectively; however, it had no effect on type I collagen production in fibroblasts. CoQ10 also showed protective effects against cell death induced by several reactive oxygen species in keratinocytes, but only when its cellular absorption was enhanced by pretreatment of the cells with highly CoQ10-loaded serum. These results suggest that protection of epidermis against oxidative stress and enhancement of production of epidermal basement membrane components may be involved in the antiaging properties of CoQ10 in skin.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Aging of sun-exposed skin is accelerated by three major environmental factors: UV radiation, dryness, and oxidation. UV radiation exposure is the most influential factor in skin aging (so-called photoaging). To find ways to protect against damage caused by UV exposure and to delay photoaging, we studied internal changes of sun-exposed skin compared with those of sun-protected skin. We found that the basement membrane (BM) at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) of sun-exposed skin becomes damaged and multilayered and partly disrupted compared with that of sun-protected skin. BM plays important roles in maintaining a healthy epidermis and dermis, and repeated damage destabilizes the skin, accelerating the aging process. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and urinary plasminogen activator are increased in UV-irradiated skin. MMPs are detected in the cornified layer in sun-exposed skin, but not in sun-protected skin. Using skin-equivalent models, we found that MMPs and plasmin cause BM damage and that the reconstruction of BM is enhanced by inhibiting these proteinases, as well as by increasing the synthesis of BM components. Enhancement of BM repair mechanisms may be a useful strategy in retarding photoaging.Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings (2009) 14, 2-7; doi:10.1038/jidsymp.2009.5.
Collapse
|