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Queirolo P, Cinquini M, Argenziano G, Bassetto F, Bossi P, Boutros A, Clemente C, de Giorgi V, Del Vecchio M, Patuzzo R, Peris K, Quaglino P, Reali A, Zalaudek I, Spagnolo F. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of basal cell carcinoma: a GRADE approach for evidence evaluation and recommendations by the Italian Association of Medical Oncology. ESMO Open 2023; 8:102037. [PMID: 37879235 PMCID: PMC10598491 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of cancer, with a high impact on the public health burden and social costs. Despite the overall prognosis for patients with BCC being excellent, if lesions are allowed to progress, or in a small subset of cases harboring an intrinsically aggressive biological behavior, it can result in local spread and significant morbidity, and conventional treatments (surgery and radiotherapy) may be challenging. When a BCC is not amenable to either surgery or radiotherapy with a reasonable curative intent, or when metastatic spread occurs, systemic treatments with Hedgehog inhibitors are available. These guidelines were developed, applying the GRADE approach, on behalf of the Italian Association of Medical Oncologists (AIOM) to assist clinicians in treating patients with BCC. They contain recommendations with regard to the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up, from primitive tumors to those locally advanced or metastatic, addressing the aspects of BCC management considered as priorities by a panel of experts selected by AIOM and other national scientific societies. The use of these guidelines in everyday clinical practice should improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Queirolo
- Division of Melanoma, Sarcomas and Rare Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, Milan
| | - M Cinquini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan
| | - G Argenziano
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples
| | - F Bassetto
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Department of Neuroscience, Padua University Hospital, Padua
| | - P Bossi
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili, Brescia
| | - A Boutros
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - C Clemente
- UO SMEL-2, Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan
| | - V de Giorgi
- Dermatology Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Florence; Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence
| | - M Del Vecchio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan
| | - R Patuzzo
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Milan
| | - K Peris
- Dermatology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Dermatology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome
| | - P Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinic of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin
| | - A Reali
- Radiation Oncology Department, Michele e Pietro Ferrero Hospital, Verduno
| | - I Zalaudek
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste
| | - F Spagnolo
- Oncologia Medica 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa; Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Yu SY, Hirsch A, Zaslavsky O, Cochrane BB. Risk factors and early prevention of skin cancer in rural older outdoor workers: A scoping review. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 54:37-45. [PMID: 37703688 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer risk increases with age and prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), particularly in rural geographical locations and for individuals with light skin complexions. However, the impact of UVR-induced skin cancer risk and sun-protective behaviors in rural older populations working outdoors has yet to be explored. A scoping review was conducted to fill this gap, with 12 articles meeting the inclusion criteria of aged 50 years and older among rural outdoor workers. Skin cancer risk factors, prevention strategies, and barriers to sun-protective behaviors were summarized for each study. The scoping review addressed some key differences in age-related effects of UVR among rural older outdoor workers compared to studies among adults in general. Findings have policy and research implications that highlight the need to design feasible preventive strategies to reduce rural disparities in cancer care and enhance access to preventive services for this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yin Yu
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
| | - Anne Hirsch
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Child, Family and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Oleg Zaslavsky
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Barbara B Cochrane
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Child, Family and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Tate J, Racoviță M, Cougnard-Gregoire A, Delcourt C, Harwood C, Trakatelli M. Keratinocyte carcinoma as an occupational disease. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:237-238. [PMID: 36922015 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jody Tate
- Research Department, The Health Policy Partnership Ltd, London, UK
| | - Monica Racoviță
- Research Department, The Health Policy Partnership Ltd, London, UK
| | | | - Cécile Delcourt
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health, U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Harwood
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Myrto Trakatelli
- Second Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Genetic Update and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102371. [PMID: 35625975 PMCID: PMC9139429 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the main type of cancer in the Caucasian population, and the number of cases continues to rise. Research mostly focuses on clinical characteristics analysis, but genetic features are crucial to malignancies’ establishment and advance. We aim to explore the genetic basics of skin cancer, surrounding microenvironment interactions, and regulation mechanisms to provide a broader perspective for new therapies’ development. Abstract Skin cancer is one of the main types of cancer worldwide, and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most frequent within this group. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most common types. Multifactorial features are well-known for cancer development, and new hallmarks are gaining relevance. Genetics and epigenetic regulation play an essential role in cancer susceptibility and progression, as well as the variety of cells and molecules that interact in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we provide an update on the genetic features of NMSC, candidate genes, and new therapies, considering diverse perspectives of skin carcinogenesis. The global health situation and the pandemic have been challenging for health care systems, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cancer. We provide innovative approaches to overcome the difficulties in the current clinical dynamics.
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Abstract
Despite the serious health consequences of UV radiation, protection against UV radiation is even now still not a matter of course. The population has a largely realistic view of UV radiation-related health risks but this does not seem to instigate a change in personal risk assessments and towards an adequate UV protection behavior. This is not least due to the partly contradictory statements and recommendations regarding the positive and negative health effects, also from the scientific community. A harmonization as well as a collation of the statements and activities of individual players in UV protection related to the prevention of UV-related diseases gives the key messages the necessary strength to make UV protection a matter of course in society. To this end, the UV Protection Alliance was initiated by the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS). This article reports on the UV Protection Alliance, presents the partners in the Alliance, the goals of the UV Protection Alliance, previous results of work by the Alliance and actions and interventions of the Alliance partners. The public impact of the UV Protection Alliance is explained and an outlook is given on future tasks of the Alliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Baldermann
- Koordinierungsstelle UV-Schutz-Bündnis am Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Neuherberg, Deutschland.
- Koordinierungsstelle UV-Schutz-Bündnis am Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Fachgebiet WR4 - Optische Strahlung, Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Deutschland.
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Li Y, Wang J, Xiao W, Liu J, Zha X. Risk Factors for Actinic Keratoses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:92. [PMID: 35656236 PMCID: PMC9154173 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_859_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To integrate evidence and assess the risk factors associated with actinic keratosis (AK). Methods Unrestricted searches were conducted on five electronic databases, with an end-date parameter of September 2021. We summarized the study characteristics and pooled the results from individual studies by using a random-effects model. The risk of bias was estimated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and the quality of evidence was estimated according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results Sixteen studies were included in final analysis, and we assessed the AK risk among a variety of risk factors. Overall, the male sex (odds ratio (OR): 2.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.94-3.25; P < 0.01), age >45 years (OR = 7.65, 95% CI: 2.95-19.86; P < 0.01), light Fitzpatrick skin phototype (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.74-3.10; P < 0.01), light hair color (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.40-3.36; P < 0.01), light eye color (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.03-2.70; P = 0.04), freckles on face/arms (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.37-2.58; P < 0.01), suffered positive history of other types of non-melanoma skin cancer (OR = 4.46, 95% CI: 2.71-7.33; P < 0.01), sunburns in childhood (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.47-3.70; P < 0.01) and adulthood (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.12-2.00; P < 0.01), severe sunburn (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.62-2.31; P < 0.01), and chronic occupational and/or recreational sun exposure (OR = 3.22, 95% CI: 2.16-4.81; P < 0.01) increased the risk of AK. Moreover, sunscreen use (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.34-0.77; P < 0.01) and history of atopy reduced the risk of AK. Sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results. The included studies showed a high risk of bias. Conclusion We confirm several well-known AK risk factors and their quantitative data, and summarized the uncommon risk factors and protective factors. Our results may inform on the design and implementation of AK screening and educational programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuang Li
- From the Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, District Baiyun, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, District Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- From the Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, District Baiyun, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weimian Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Qingyuan Chronic Disease Prevention Hospital, District Qingcheng, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- From the Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, District Baiyun, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xushan Zha
- From the Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, District Baiyun, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Rocholl M, Weinert P, Bielfeldt S, Laing S, Wilhelm KP, Ulrich C, John SM. New methods for assessing secondary performance attributes of sunscreens suitable for professional outdoor work. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:25. [PMID: 34225747 PMCID: PMC8256554 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-021-00314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outdoor workers (OW) are highly exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and thus at increased risk for developing skin cancer. An essential part of an overall strategy to reduce workplace UVR-exposure to OW's skin is the usage of sunscreens. However, compliance with regular sunscreen usage seems to be low, as products are usually designed for recreational sun exposure and thus do not meet the requirements of physically active OW. To date, no standardized test procedures assess the suitability of sunscreens for professional use. The aim of this pilot study was to develop standardized methods of testing secondary performance attributes (PA) to represent real-life working conditions of outdoor work. METHODS Ten sunscreen products, carefully selected after a detailed market survey of all relevant producers available on the German market, were evaluated regarding their suitability for professional outdoor work on 24 healthy volunteers in a newly designed test procedure. In addition to three standardized efficacy characteristics, i.e., sun protection factor, water-resistance, and UVA protection, we evaluated each PA involving parameters typically associated with outdoor workplaces. RESULTS We developed standardized methods for objectifying the suitability of sunscreen products for professional outdoor work. The test procedures used are well feasible and appropriate for testing the PA because they represent practical working conditions in detail - although the degree of discriminability of single test methods varied. The claimed sun protection factor (SPF) of the products was confirmed; bio-stability of the SPF after physical activity was achieved in most cases. While most products hardly irritate the eyes and are quickly absorbed, the evaluation of the subjective skin feeling and non-slip grip is inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, for the first time secondary PA are defined and examined. Although further objectification of the PA assessment as well as the establishment of minimum standards should be sought, the new methods could already complement the so far mandatory labels and in this way provide a significant impetus for the current scientific and political focus on the improvement of occupational health in highly UVR-exposed OW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rocholl
- Institute for Health Research and Education, Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany. .,Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Patricia Weinert
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Stephan Bielfeldt
- proDERM Institute of Applied Dermatological Research GmbH, Kiebitzweg 2, 22869, Schenefeld, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Laing
- proDERM Institute of Applied Dermatological Research GmbH, Kiebitzweg 2, 22869, Schenefeld, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Peter Wilhelm
- proDERM Institute of Applied Dermatological Research GmbH, Kiebitzweg 2, 22869, Schenefeld, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claas Ulrich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Swen Malte John
- Institute for Health Research and Education, Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
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Sezgin B, Kaya I, Turhal G, Apaydin F. Delayed Reconstruction with Full-Thickness Skin Grafts Following Defect Size Reduction in Head and Neck Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer. Facial Plast Surg 2021; 37:283-287. [PMID: 32937673 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Different treatment modalities have been applied for nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) of the head and neck area. One of the most important points after surgical treatment is the selection of appropriate reconstruction methods. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of the use of both defect size reduction with sutures and secondary healing with delayed reconstruction with full-thickness skin grafts in NMSC patients. In total, 18 (42.8%) male and 24 (57.2%) female patients with NMSC were operated. Defect size was measured both after excision and just before repair, and the approximate defect area was calculated with ImageJ software. Reconstruction was performed after 14 days in all patients in the second session, using free skin grafts. There were 18 (42.8%) male and 24 (57.2%) female patients. The mean age was 70.5 (45-82) years. The mean follow-up period was 40.3 (16-68) months. The mean defect area measured after excision was 8.44 ± 1.91 cm2. After 14 days of delay, the mean defect area was 5.51 ± 1.28 cm2 (34.8% reduction) (p < 0.05). Defect-reduction methods applied during the first session, together with proper interval prior to placement of graft, have been shown to be beneficial and acceptable methods, providing an advantage in reconstruction with free skin graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baha Sezgin
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Ege University School of Medicine, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Isa Kaya
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Ege University School of Medicine, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Goksel Turhal
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Ege University School of Medicine, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fazil Apaydin
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Ege University School of Medicine, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Michalak M. The role of a cosmetologist in the area of health promotion and health education: A systematic review. Health Promot Perspect 2020; 10:338-348. [PMID: 33312929 PMCID: PMC7723003 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2020.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Contemporary cosmetology, apart from beautifying and caring for the human body, deals also with prevention aimed at maintaining health and physical fitness as long as possible. The profession of a cosmetologist so understood is closely related to the modern concept of health promotion, the part of which is health education. The objective of this review was to evaluate whether a cosmetologist may be a health promoter, and whether a beauty salon mayserve as a place for conducting educational programs. Methods: A systematic review was done using several electronic databases such as PubMed(including MEDLINE), Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, Embase, and Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO) and related keywords. The studies published in English between 2008 and 2018 which had specifically mentioned the role of a cosmetologist in the area of health promotion and health education were included. Results: In total, 7 articles met the study criteria. It was found that cosmetologists have the potential to promote pro-health activities. The results of this review also suggest that beauty salons are suitable places for increasing pro-health awareness and can be successfully used to conduct educational programs about healthy lifestyle, as well as skin, breast and cervical cancer prevention. Conclusion: A well-educated and aware of health risks cosmetologist seems to be the right person to transmit and spread knowledge about the proper lifestyle in her workplace and the local environment. A beauty salon, as a place of social interaction, may constitute an area of implementation of pro-health educational programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Michalak
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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Cai H, Sobue T, Kitamura T, Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Shimazu T, Tsugane S. Epidemiology of nonmelanoma skin cancer in Japan: Occupational type, lifestyle, and family history of cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4257-4265. [PMID: 33448530 PMCID: PMC7648044 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the fair-skinned population. In recent years, the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been increasing worldwide. However, there is no epidemiological study on skin cancer in the Asian population. A prospective cohort study including 140 420 participants was initiated in 1990 for cohort Ⅰ and 1993 for cohort Ⅱ at baseline survey from 11 public health center (PHC) areas. Of these participants, 284 NMSC cases were diagnosed during the follow-up period (through 2012 in the Osaka PHC area and 2013 in the other PHC areas). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for NMSC incidence according to occupational type, lifestyle factors (alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, smoking status, physical activity, and body mass index), and family history of cancer. Among men, compared with indoor workers, outdoor workers were associated with 2.18 (95% CI, 1.17-4.04) higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) but not of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Furthermore, men who have a family history of cancer had 1.99 (95% CI, 1.10-3.62) higher SCC risk. In women, we did not observe any association between occupational type and the risk of SCC (1.26; 95% CI, 0.68-2.32) or BCC (0.74; 95% CI, 0.42-1.28). In conclusion, men who are outdoor workers or have a family history of cancer had an increased risk of SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Cai
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Population SciencesGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Population SciencesGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Population SciencesGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupCenter for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupCenter for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupCenter for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupCenter for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
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Nandan A, Siddiqui NA, Kumar P. Estimation of indoor air pollutant during photocopy/printing operation: a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based study. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:3543-3573. [PMID: 32405897 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Population form a homeostat with environment where they live and exchange continuous gas for their respiration, which is the primary pathway for the pollutants to enter into human metabolism. The pollution present indoor is due to multiple sources like electronic and electrical equipment, clothes, furniture and other anthropogenic activity. The concentration of these pollutants changes with time and depends mainly on source type (continuous/intermittent), time of the operation and release/ventilation/wind velocity/pollutant dispersion and anthropogenic activity. It has been observed that equipment like printers, printing machines, photocopiers, etc., releases several pollutants like volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone (O3), semi-volatile organic compounds, benzene (C6H6), toluene and suspended particulate matter during operation. This work represents the emissions of VOCs, benzene, and toluene during photocopy. The numerical validation of results was done using Fluent, which is an application-based software which helps in physical modeling describing air flow and effect of multiple parameter on it like temperature and no of printing/photocopy (in proposed experiment) with respect to time. It has been observed from the results that the emissions of VOCs, benzene, and toluene increase from 0.09 to 1.13 PPM, 0.17 to 1.87 PPM and 30 to 235 PPM, respectively, as the operating duration, temperature (35-40 °C) and rate of printing/photocopying increase (120-200/h), and it is because printer/photocopy machine uses heat and pressure to fix an image on the paper surface which subsequently result in higher emission. Multiple adverse health, safety and environmental impacts due to operation of photocopy/printing call for in-depth study, guidance, and monitoring of the workers occupationally associated with this operation for their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Nandan
- University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.
| | | | - Pankaj Kumar
- University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
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Keratinocyte skin cancer risks for working school teachers: Scenarios and implications of the timing of scheduled duty periods in Queensland, Australia. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 213:112046. [PMID: 33074139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Relative keratinocyte skin cancer risks attributable to lifetime occupational and casual sunlight exposures of working school teachers are assessed across the state of Queensland for 1578 schools. Relative risk modeling utilizing annual ultraviolet exposure assessments of teachers working in different geographic locations and exposed during periods of measured daily playground duty times for each school were made for local administrative education districts by considering traditional school opening and closing hours, and playground lunchtime schedules. State-wide, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) relative risk estimates varied by 24% for BCC and 45% for SCC. The highest relative risk was calculated for the state's north (sunshine) coast education district which showed that risk could increase by as much as 32% for BCC and 64% for SCC due to differences in teacher duty schedules. These results highlight the importance of playground duty scheduling as a significant risk factor contributing to the overall burden of preventable keratinocyte skin cancers in Queensland.
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13
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Peters CE, Tenkate T, Heer E, O'Reilly R, Kalia S, Koehoorn MW. Strategic Task and Break Timing to Reduce Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure in Outdoor Workers. Front Public Health 2020; 8:354. [PMID: 32850589 PMCID: PMC7417352 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Public health messaging about sun avoidance strategies is often not practical for outdoor workers. The objective of this study was to use personal monitoring data to determine when peak UVR exposure occurs for outdoor workers, estimate how much UVR could be reduced by altering the timing of shady tasks or breaks during peak exposure times, and descriptively compare these to peak periods of ambient UVR. Ultimately, we aim to provide evidence-based sun avoidance recommendations for outdoor workers in British Columbia, Canada. Methods: UVR exposure data [standard erythemal dose (SED)] were collected during the 2013 summer months in Vancouver, using personal electronic dosimeters that sampled once per minute for an average of 4.4 working days (range: 1-7 days). Mixed-effect models were used to estimate the 60-, 30-, and 15-min time intervals at which maximum exposure occurred for the months of July and August. Using these time intervals, UVR exposure during peak periods was summarized as SED and as a percentage of the total daily exposure. Ambient UVR was also collected using data from the nearest Brewer spectrophotometer station and parallel analyses were conducted. Results: There were 73 workers and 321 participant-days available for analysis. Models indicated that periods of maximum exposure for 15-, 30-, and 60-min intervals began at 12:28, 12:17 pm, and 11:52 am, respectively, for sunny days in July. These periods were similar in August. The median exposure during these time periods and the potential for reducing UVR was 0.03 SED (2.8% potential daily exposure reduction), 0.09 SED (7.1%), and 0.18 SED (15.9%), respectively. However, there was a large range in exposure estimates as some workers experienced up to 84.8% of their exposure in the peak 60-min interval. Conclusion: Skin cancer prevention messaging does not include practical messages for outdoor workers and providing times of peak UVR help to identify times when the greatest reductions in exposure can occur. Prevention measures including shady breaks, increased sun protection, and task reorganization during these peak times are recommended during these peak times to reduce UVR exposure among those at highest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl E Peters
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas Tenkate
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Heer
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rachel O'Reilly
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sunil Kalia
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mieke W Koehoorn
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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14
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Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma represents 20% of all skin cancers, resulting in 1 million cases in the United States each year. The lifetime risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma continues to increase annually and will likely continue to increase because of the aging population. Most cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma are treated locally, with a subset leading to recurrence, metastasis, and death. This review of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma covers incidence, recurrence rates, mortality rates, risk factors, staging systems, treatment, prevention, and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Waldman
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1153 Centre Street, Suite 4J, Boston, MA 02130, USA.
| | - Chrysalyne Schmults
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1153 Centre Street, Suite 4J, Boston, MA 02130, USA
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15
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Vimercati L, De Maria L, Caputi A, Cannone ESS, Mansi F, Cavone D, Romita P, Argenziano G, Di Stefani A, Parodi A, Peris K, Scalvenzi M, Girolomoni G, Foti C. Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in Outdoor Workers: A Study on Actinic Keratosis in Italian Navy Personnel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072321. [PMID: 32235587 PMCID: PMC7177289 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation is one of the main risk factors for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) development. The most common variants of NMSC are basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and actinic keratosis (AK). The latter is nowadays considered by most authors as an early squamous cell carcinoma rather than a precancerous lesion. Outdoor workers have a higher risk of developing NMSC because they spend most of the working day outside. The aim of this descriptive study was to assess the prevalence of skin lesions, especially AK, in a professional category of individuals exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation: the Italian Navy. From January to June 2016, a questionnaire and a total skin examination of 921 military personnel were administered by medical specialists (dermatologists) in seven different Italian Navy centres. AK was detected in 217 of 921 (23.5%) workers. Older age, outdoor occupation, longer working life, and fair skin seem to promote the development of AK. Of the 217 workers with AK, 187 (86.2%) had lesions in chronically sun-exposed skin areas. Italian Navy personnel have a high AK prevalence. Further studies are needed to investigate occupational hazards and their health effects among outdoor workers to promote protective behaviour and raise awareness of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Vimercati
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.D.M.); (A.C.); (E.S.S.C.); (F.M.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 0039-080-547-8256
| | - Luigi De Maria
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.D.M.); (A.C.); (E.S.S.C.); (F.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Antonio Caputi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.D.M.); (A.C.); (E.S.S.C.); (F.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Enza Sabrina Silvana Cannone
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.D.M.); (A.C.); (E.S.S.C.); (F.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Francesca Mansi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.D.M.); (A.C.); (E.S.S.C.); (F.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Domenica Cavone
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.D.M.); (A.C.); (E.S.S.C.); (F.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Paolo Romita
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.R.); (C.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Argenziano
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Mentals and Physical Health and Preventive medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Stefani
- Institute of Dermatology, Università Cattolica, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.D.S.); (K.P.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Section of Dermatology, Di.S.Sal. Department of Health Science, University of Genoa, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Ketty Peris
- Institute of Dermatology, Università Cattolica, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.D.S.); (K.P.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Scalvenzi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giampiero Girolomoni
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Caterina Foti
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.R.); (C.F.)
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16
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Wittlich M, John SM, Tiplica GS, Sălăvăstru CM, Butacu AI, Modenese A, Paolucci V, D'Hauw G, Gobba F, Sartorelli P, Macan J, Kovačić J, Grandahl K, Moldovan H. Personal solar ultraviolet radiation dosimetry in an occupational setting across Europe. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1835-1841. [PMID: 32080895 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important factor in the pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). The World Health Organization, through the International Agency for Research on Cancer, has classified solar UVR as a group 1 carcinogen since 2012. The main problems encountered so far in the study of occupationally induced skin cancer include the lack of accurate occupational UVR dosimetry as well as insufficient distinction between occupational and leisure UVR exposure and underreporting of NMSC. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to collect long-term individual UVR measurements in outdoor workers across European countries. METHODS A prospective study was initiated through the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Healthy Skin@Work Campaign, measuring UVR exposure doses at occupational settings of masons from five European countries. Measurements were performed for several consecutive months using the GENESIS-UV measurement system. RESULTS The results identified alarming UVR exposure data. Average daily UVR doses ranged 148.40-680.48 J/m2 in Romania, 342.4-640.8 J/m2 in Italy, 165.5-466.2 J/m2 in Croatia, 41.8-473.8 J/m2 in Denmark and 88.15-400.22 J/m2 in Germany. Results showed an expected latitude dependence with increasing UVR yearly dosage from the north to the south of Europe. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that outdoor workers from EU countries included in this study are exposed to high levels of occupational solar UVR, vastly exceeding the occupational exposure limits for solar UVR exposure, considered to be 1-1.33 SED/day in the period from May to September. This finding may serve as an evidence-based recommendation to authorities on implementing occupational skin cancer prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wittlich
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - S M John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - G S Tiplica
- 2nd Department of Dermatology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C M Sălăvăstru
- Pediatric Dermatology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A I Butacu
- 2nd Department of Dermatology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Modenese
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - V Paolucci
- Department of Prevention, Health and Safety Unit, AUSL South-East Tuscany, Grosseto, Italy
| | - G D'Hauw
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - F Gobba
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - P Sartorelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - J Macan
- Occupational Health and Environmental Medicine Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J Kovačić
- Occupational Health and Environmental Medicine Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - K Grandahl
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark
| | - H Moldovan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science & Technology of Targu-Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
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17
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Abstract
Melanoma and keratinocyte skin cancer (KSC) are the most common types of cancer in White-skinned populations. Both tumor entities showed increasing incidence rates worldwide but stable or decreasing mortality rates. Rising incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma (CM) and KSC are largely attributed to increasing exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the main causal risk factor for skin cancer.Incidence rates of KSC, comprising of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), are much higher than that of melanoma. BCC development is mainly the cause of an intensive UV exposure in childhood and adolescence, while SCC development is related to chronic, cumulative UV exposure over decades. Although mortality is relatively low, KSC is an increasing problem for health care services causing significant morbidity.Cutaneous melanoma is rapidly increasing in White populations, with an estimated annual increase of around 3-7% over the past decades. In contrast to SCC, melanoma risk is associated with intermittent and chronic exposure to sunlight. The frequency of its occurrence is closely associated with the constitutive color of the skin and the geographical zone. Changes in outdoor activities and exposure to sunlight during the past 70 years are an important factor for the increasing incidence of melanoma. Mortality rates of melanoma show stabilization in the USA, Australia, and in European countries. In the USA even dropping numbers of death cases were recently reported, probably reflecting efficacy of the new systemic treatments.Among younger cohorts in some populations (e.g., Australia and New Zealand,), stabilizing or declining incidence rates of CM are observed, potentially caused by primary prevention campaigns aimed at reducing UV exposure. In contrast, incidence rates of CM are still rising in most European countries and in the USA. Ongoing trends towards thinner melanoma are largely ascribed to earlier detection.
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18
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Rocholl M, Ludewig M, John SM, Bitzer EM, Wilke A. Outdoor workers' perceptions of skin cancer risk and attitudes to sun-protective measures: A qualitative study. J Occup Health 2020; 62:e12083. [PMID: 31478315 PMCID: PMC6970388 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since January 2015, squamous cell carcinoma or multiple actinic keratosis of the skin caused by natural ultraviolet irradiation (UVR) is recognized as occupational disease in Germany. Interventions which improve the sun protection behavior of outdoor workers are urgently needed. When developing preventive interventions, the attitudes of target groups need to be taken into consideration. Therefore, outdoor workers' perceptions and attitudes were investigated. METHODS Seven guided, problem-centered qualitative interviews with healthy male outdoor workers were conducted. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS We found an underestimation of the perceived skin cancer risk in the seven outdoor workers and heterogeneous attitudes toward the usage of sun-protective measures. Participants stated that the feasibility of technical sun-protective measures depends on the size of the working area. While using a headgear seemed common, none of the participants stated using additional neck protection. Wearing long-sleeved shirts and long trousers were considered problematic. The interviews revealed important requirements for sun-protective clothes, especially in terms of different materials. Although the usage of sunscreen was common, our interviewees seemed to apply it wrongly. CONCLUSION Risk perceptions of outdoor workers and their attitudes toward sun protection measures may influence the factual UV protection behavior in the workplace. Structures to facilitate the implementation of technical and organizational sun-protective measures seem to be necessary. Educational interventions and clear instructions which are tailored to the individual needs and attitudes of outdoor workers are required to improve the UV protection behavior and to avoid common mistakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rocholl
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Institute for Health Research and Education, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michaela Ludewig
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Institute for Health Research and Education, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Swen Malte John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Institute for Health Research and Education, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Bitzer
- Public Health and Health Education, University of Education Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Annika Wilke
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Institute for Health Research and Education, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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19
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Teixeira Gomes JV, Cherem Peixoto da Silva A, Lamim Bello M, Rangel Rodrigues C, Aloise Maneira Corrêa Santos B. Molecular modeling as a design tool for sunscreen candidates: a case study of bemotrizinol. J Mol Model 2019; 25:362. [PMID: 31773345 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sunscreen-based photoprotection is an important strategy to prevent photoaging and skin cancer. Among the effective and modern sunscreens, triazine compounds are known as an important class based on their physical-chemical properties, such as photostability and UV broad-spectrum absorption (UVA and UVB). Molecular modeling and quantum mechanical calculations approaches can be helpful to orientate the design of sunscreens. Herein, a case study is presented to demonstrate the importance of the molecular modeling as a design tool for promising sunscreen candidates based on the synthesis research previously described of bemotrizinol, a broad-spectrum photostable organic UV filter present in many sunscreens products. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations performed in gas phase on the isolated organic UV filters proved to reproduce the experimental UV absorption, guiding the choice of the most efficient candidate as sunscreen. The present work highlights the importance of molecular modeling as an effective tool to support synthesis research, increasing the possibility of obtaining promising compounds with reduced costs and effluent production. Graphical abstractA case study to demonstrate the importance of the molecular modeling as a design tool for promising sunscreen candidates is presented. The method proved to be a valuable tool to reproduce the experimental UV absorption and to determinate the most efficient molecule as sunscreen among the candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Teixeira Gomes
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Anne Cherem Peixoto da Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Murilo Lamim Bello
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rangel Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Bianca Aloise Maneira Corrêa Santos
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
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20
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Walkosz BJ, Buller DB, Buller MK, Wallis A, Liu X. Senior managers' awareness of sun protection policy predicts implementation of worksite sun safety in a randomized trial. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:893-900. [PMID: 31403221 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outdoor workers experience chronic exposure to harmful ultraviolet radiation (UV) elevating their risk for skin cancer. METHODS A controlled randomized trial promoted the adoption of workplace sun safety policy and employee education at 98 public organizations in Colorado. A 2-year follow-up study with 68 organizations assessed the association of senior manager awareness of sun safety policies and implementation of sun safety actions. RESULTS Senior managers' awareness of existing sun safety policies, but not their personal sun protection behaviors, predicted implementation of sun safety actions including the number of sun protection messages and sun protection items in the workplace and increased communication about sun safety to employees. CONCLUSIONS Organizational adoption of sun safety policy must include efforts to broadly inform a workplace's senior management to ensure the policies are actually implemented and provide support for sun protection behaviors by outdoor workers to reduce UV exposure and skin cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Allan Wallis
- School of Public Affairs, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Xia Liu
- Klein Buendel, Inc, Golden, Colorado
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21
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Rocholl M, Ludewig M, Skudlik C, Wilke A. [Occupational skin cancer : Prevention and recommendations for UV protection as part of the treatment approved by the public statutory employers' liability insurance]. Hautarzt 2019; 69:462-470. [PMID: 29704211 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-018-4171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In Germany, approximately 2 to 3 million employees work in outdoor professions. They are exceptionally exposed to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation for a large part of their daily working time. Cumulative UV exposure is associated with a significantly increased risk of skin cancer for outdoor workers from various occupational groups (e. g. landscape and horticulture, agriculture and forestry, fisheries and seafaring, construction and trade, as well as sports teachers, lifeguards and mountain guides). Since 1 January 2015, squamous cell carcinoma and multiple actinic keratosis due to natural UV radiation can be recognised as occupational disease No. 5103 by the German statutory social accident insurance. Reducing cumulative UV exposure is the main prevention aspect of this type of skin damage. Therefore, technical, organisational and personal UV protection measures should be implemented in the professional and private environment. Moreover, they have to be regularly used in an appropriate way. In addition to guideline-oriented therapy, training and counselling of patients with already existing actinic skin damage or a recognised occupational disease No. 5103 is therefore of particular importance. The focus should be on improving the individual UV protection behaviour. This article gives an overview of current recommendations for UV protection in the professional environment. It outlines possible solutions for patient counselling in terms of UV protection in everyday practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rocholl
- Abteilung Dermatologie, Umweltmedizin und Gesundheitstheorie, Universität Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, 49076, Osnabrück, Deutschland. .,Institut für interdisziplinäre Dermatologische Prävention und Rehabilitation (iDerm), Universität Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, 49076, Osnabrück, Deutschland.
| | - M Ludewig
- Abteilung Dermatologie, Umweltmedizin und Gesundheitstheorie, Universität Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, 49076, Osnabrück, Deutschland.,Institut für interdisziplinäre Dermatologische Prävention und Rehabilitation (iDerm), Universität Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, 49076, Osnabrück, Deutschland
| | - C Skudlik
- Abteilung Dermatologie, Umweltmedizin und Gesundheitstheorie, Universität Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, 49076, Osnabrück, Deutschland.,Institut für interdisziplinäre Dermatologische Prävention und Rehabilitation (iDerm), Universität Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, 49076, Osnabrück, Deutschland
| | - A Wilke
- Abteilung Dermatologie, Umweltmedizin und Gesundheitstheorie, Universität Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, 49076, Osnabrück, Deutschland.,Institut für interdisziplinäre Dermatologische Prävention und Rehabilitation (iDerm), Universität Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, 49076, Osnabrück, Deutschland
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22
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Shin J, Chung KY, Park E, Nam KA, Yoon J. Occupational differences in standardized mortality ratios for non-melanotic skin cancer and melanoma in exposed areas among individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV. J Occup Health 2019; 61:235-241. [PMID: 30761684 PMCID: PMC6499352 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify subpopulations vulnerable to skin cancer by occupations, among individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV. METHODS Data were retrieved from the national mortality registry of Korean National Statistical Office (KNSO) from 1993 to 2012, including all medical certificates of death written and confirmed by physicians. Medical certificates of death from 1993 to 2012 were obtained from the national mortality registry of Korean National Statistical Office. These completed medical certificates are verified by the Korean Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs and formatted using 103 main and 236 specific causes of death as recommended by the World Health Organization. We calculated direct standardized mortality rate and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) using the indirect standardization method. The entire population as reflected in the 2005 national census was used as a reference population. RESULTS Of 594 deaths from skin cancer, 227 (38.2%) were from non-melanotic skin cancer (NMSC) and 367 (61.8%) from cutaneous melanoma (CM). Compared to office workers, agriculture/fishery/forestry workers had significantly higher SMRs for NMSC in men [SMR: 461, 95% confidential interval (CI): 329-583] and women (SMR: 575, 95% CI: 317-864). SMR was also increased in men who worked in exposed area (SMR of NMSC:553, 95% CI:222-1018, SMR of CM:453, 95% CI: 133-1009). CONCLUSION This is the first Asian study to suggest that agriculture/fishery/forestry workers have increased SMRs for NMSC and CM in exposed areas. Early diagnosis of skin cancer in this group is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of MedicineYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
- Institute of Health Services Research, College of MedicineYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate SchoolYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
- Department of Dermatology, Severance hospital, College of medicineYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Kee Yang Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Severance hospital, College of medicineYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Eun‐Cheol Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of MedicineYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
- Institute of Health Services Research, College of MedicineYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate SchoolYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Kyoung Ae Nam
- Department of Dermatology, Severance hospital, College of medicineYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jin‐Ha Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of MedicineYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
- The Institute for Occupational HealthYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
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23
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da Silva ACP, Paiva JP, Diniz RR, Dos Anjos VM, Silva ABSM, Pinto AV, Dos Santos EP, Leitão AC, Cabral LM, Rodrigues CR, de Pádula M, Santos BAMC. Photoprotection assessment of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves extract standardized to oleuropein: In vitro and in silico approach for improved sunscreens. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 193:162-171. [PMID: 30884286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Olive leaves contain higher amount of polyphenols than olive oil and represent a waste product from olive harvest and pruning of olive trees. The most abundant compound in olive leaves is oleuropein. Benefits of the topical application of olive leaves extract were previously reported, but little information is available on its photoprotective potential and the result of the association of this extract with organic UV filters in topical sunscreen formulations. The olive leaves extract photoprotective potential is less explored for both oral and topical photoprotection in comparison with other plants extracts and polyphenols, such as Polypodium leucotomos extract and resveratrol. There are increasing efforts towards developing more efficient sunscreens and a photoprotection assessement along with a better understanding of the photochemistry of naturally occurring sunscreens could aid the design of new and improved commercial sunscreen formulations. This study was designed to investigate the photoprotective potential of olive leaves extract standardized for oleuropein performing a set of in vitro and in silico tools as an innovative approach, highlighting yeast assays, in vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and molecular modelling studies of UV absorption. This study supports the use of olive leaves extract for photoprotection, as an effective photoprotective, anti-mutagenic and antioxidant active, also showing a synergistic effect in association with UV filters with an improvement on in vitro SPF of sunscreen formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C P da Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Paiva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Raiane R Diniz
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Vitor M Dos Anjos
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz S M Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Alicia Viviana Pinto
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Elisabete P Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico (LADEG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Alvaro C Leitão
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular (Radmol), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Lucio M Cabral
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Industrial Farmacêutica (LabTIF), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular & QSAR-3D (ModMolQSAR), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Pádula
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca Aloise M C Santos
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil.
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Dermatology today and tomorrow: from symptom control to targeted therapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 33 Suppl 1:3-36. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Use of Flavonoids and Cinnamates, the Main Photoprotectors with Natural Origin. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2018; 2018:5341487. [PMID: 30622564 PMCID: PMC6304211 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5341487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathological problems are initiated by ultraviolet radiation (UVR), such as skin cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. The UVA (320–400 nm) and UVB (290–320 nm) wavelengths may cause effects such as photoaging, DNA damage, and a series of cellular alterations. The UVA radiation can damage the DNA, oxidize the lipids, and produce dangerous free radicals, which can cause inflammation, modify the gene expression in response to stress, and weaken the skin immune response. With a minor penetration, the UVB radiation is more harmful, being responsible for immediate damage. Ultraviolet radiation light emitted by the sun is considered necessary for the existence of life but cause radiation problems, especially in the skin. The photoprotective activities of plant extracts and isolated composts were evaluated by many reports, as well as the correlation of these compounds with the antioxidant activity. This review presents plant compounds with interest to the cosmetic industry to be used in sunscreens such as flavonoids and cinnamates.
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Buller DB, Walkosz BJ, Buller MK, Wallis A, Andersen PA, Scott MD, Meenan RT, Cutter GR. Implementation of Occupational Sun Safety at a 2-Year Follow-Up in a Randomized Trial: Comparison of Sun Safe Workplaces Policy Intervention to Attention Control. Am J Health Promot 2018; 33:683-697. [PMID: 30477333 DOI: 10.1177/0890117118814398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Implementation of employer sun safety actions was assessed in a 2-year follow-up to an occupational sun protection policy intervention. DESIGN Two-year follow-up assessment in a randomized pretest-posttest controlled design. SETTING Local government organizations with workers in public safety, public works, and parks and recreation. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-three local government organizations (participation = 64%) and 330 frontline supervisors and 1454 workers. INTERVENTION Sun Safe Workplaces (SSW) intervention promoting occupational sun safety policy and education. MEASURES Observations of SSW messages and sun safety items and surveys on organizations' communication and actions on sun safety. ANALYSIS Comparison between SSW and control groups was conducted using regression models and adjusted for clustering where appropriate, with α criterion set at P = .05 (2-tailed). RESULTS At intervention worksites, more SSW messages ( P < .001) and sun safety items ( P = .025) were observed; more frontline supervisors reported organizations provided free/reduced price sunscreen ( P = .005) and communicated about sun safety ( P < .001); and more workers recalled receiving sun safety messages ( P < .001) and sun safety training ( P <.001) compared to control organizations. Implementation was greater at larger than smaller intervention organizations for wide-brimmed hats ( P = .009), long work pants ( P = .017), and shade structures ( P = .036). Older workers received the most written messages ( P = .015). CONCLUSIONS Sun Safe Workplaces appeared to produce actions by organizations to support employee sun safety. Large organizations may have processes, communication channels, and slack resources to achieve more implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Allan Wallis
- 2 School of Public Affairs, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Peter A Andersen
- 3 School of Communication, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard T Meenan
- 5 Kaiser Permanente, Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gary R Cutter
- 6 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Molecular modeling for the investigation of UV absorbers for sunscreens: Triazine and benzotriazole derivatives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Schmitt J, Haufe E, Trautmann F, Schulze HJ, Elsner P, Drexler H, Bauer A, Letzel S, John S, Fartasch M, Brüning T, Seidler A, Dugas-Breit S, Gina M, Weistenhöfer W, Bachmann K, Bruhn I, Lang B, Bonness S, Allam J, Grobe W, Stange T, Westerhausen S, Knuschke P, Wittlich M, Diepgen T. Is ultraviolet exposure acquired at work the most important risk factor for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma? Results of the population-based case-control study FB-181. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:462-472. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Schmitt
- Center of Evidence-based Healthcare; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; University Hospital; Technical University Dresden; Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinics of Occupational and Social Medicine; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden; Germany
| | - E. Haufe
- Center of Evidence-based Healthcare; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; University Hospital; Technical University Dresden; Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinics of Occupational and Social Medicine; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden; Germany
| | - F. Trautmann
- Center of Evidence-based Healthcare; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; University Hospital; Technical University Dresden; Germany
| | - H.-J. Schulze
- Department of Dermatology; Dermatological Radiotherapy and Dermatohistopathology; Special Clinics Hornheide; Münster Germany
| | - P. Elsner
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Jena; Jena Germany
| | - H. Drexler
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg; Nuernberg Germany
| | - A. Bauer
- Department of Dermatology - University Allergy Center; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden; Germany
| | - S. Letzel
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine; Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - S.M. John
- Department of Dermatology; Environmental Health and Health Theory; University of Osnabrueck; Osnabrueck Germany
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm); University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
| | - M. Fartasch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV); Institute of Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA); Bochum Germany
| | - T. Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV); Institute of Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA); Bochum Germany
| | - A. Seidler
- Institute and Outpatient Clinics of Occupational and Social Medicine; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden; Germany
| | - S. Dugas-Breit
- Department of Dermatology; Dermatological Radiotherapy and Dermatohistopathology; Special Clinics Hornheide; Münster Germany
| | - M. Gina
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Jena; Jena Germany
| | - W. Weistenhöfer
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg; Nuernberg Germany
| | - K. Bachmann
- Department of Clinical Social Medicine; Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - I. Bruhn
- Department of Dermatology - University Allergy Center; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden; Germany
| | - B.M. Lang
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Center; Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz; Germany
| | - S. Bonness
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm); University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
- Employer's Liability Insurance Association Clinics Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
| | - J.P. Allam
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - W. Grobe
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - T. Stange
- Center of Evidence-based Healthcare; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; University Hospital; Technical University Dresden; Germany
| | - S. Westerhausen
- Department of Radiation; Institute of Occupational Health and Safety of the German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV); Sankt Augustin Germany
| | - P. Knuschke
- Department of Dermatology - Experimental Photobiology; University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - M. Wittlich
- Department of Radiation; Institute of Occupational Health and Safety of the German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV); Sankt Augustin Germany
| | - T.L. Diepgen
- Department of Clinical Social Medicine; Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
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Antonov D, Marx G, Elsner P. Factors influencing the quality of sunscreen application in a pilot comparative study. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:1074-1076. [PMID: 27453208 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Antonov
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - G Marx
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - P Elsner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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Yamamoto H, Ryu J, Min E, Oi N, Bai R, Zykova TA, Yu DH, Moriyama K, Bode AM, Dong Z. TRAF1 Is Critical for DMBA/Solar UVR-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1322-1332. [PMID: 28131816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TRAF1 is a member of the TRAF protein family, which regulates the canonical and noncanonical NF-κB signaling cascades. Although aberrant TRAF1 expression in tumors has been reported, the role of TRAF1 remains elusive. Here, we report that TRAF1 is required for solar UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that TRAF1 expression is up-regulated in human actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma. In vivo studies indicated that TRAF1 expression levels in mouse skin are induced by short-term solar UV irradiation, and a long-term skin carcinogenesis study showed that deletion of TRAF1 in mice results in a significant inhibition of skin tumor formation. Moreover, we show that TRAF1 is required for solar UV-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase-5 (ERK5) phosphorylation and the expression of AP-1 family members (c-Fos/c-Jun). Mechanistic studies showed that TRAF1 expression enhances the ubiquitination of ERK5 on lysine 184, which is necessary for its kinase activity and AP-1 activation. Overall, our results suggest that TRAF1 mediates ERK5 activity by regulating the upstream effectors of ERK5 and also by modulating its ubiquitination status. Targeting TRAF1 function might lead to strategies for preventing and treating skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joohyun Ryu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eli Min
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Naomi Oi
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ruihua Bai
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tatyana A Zykova
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dong Hoon Yu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kenji Moriyama
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA.
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Zaccariello G, Back M, Zanello M, Canton P, Cattaruzza E, Riello P, Alimonti A, Benedetti A. Formation and Controlled Growth of Bismuth Titanate Phases into Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: An Efficient Self-Sealing Nanosystem for UV Filtering in Cosmetic Formulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1913-1921. [PMID: 28001044 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanosized inorganic UV filters in cosmetic field is limited by their high photocatalytic properties that could induce the degradation or dangerous transformation of the organic molecules in sunscreen formulations. To overcome this problem and simultaneously enlarge the window of filter's absorption, we propose the growth of bismuth titanates BixTiyOz into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN). We investigated the chemical-physical properties by means of XRPD, TEM, UV-vis spectroscopy, N2 physisorption, XPS, and SF-ICP-MS analysis, while the influence on the environment was evaluated through photocatalytic tests. The growing process of this new nanosystem is discussed underlining the key role of the Bi3+ ion that, acting as a low-melting point agent for the silica framework, led to a self-sealing mechanism. The excellent UV shielding properties combined with a radical suppression of the photocatalytic activity make the proposed nanosystem a perfect candidate for the development of the next generation nanomaterials for sunscreen formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Zaccariello
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems and Centro di Microscopia Elettronica "Giovanni Stevanato", Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia , Via Torino 155/b, Venezia-Mestre I-30172, Italy
| | - Michele Back
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems and Centro di Microscopia Elettronica "Giovanni Stevanato", Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia , Via Torino 155/b, Venezia-Mestre I-30172, Italy
| | - Marta Zanello
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems and Centro di Microscopia Elettronica "Giovanni Stevanato", Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia , Via Torino 155/b, Venezia-Mestre I-30172, Italy
| | - Patrizia Canton
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems and Centro di Microscopia Elettronica "Giovanni Stevanato", Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia , Via Torino 155/b, Venezia-Mestre I-30172, Italy
| | - Elti Cattaruzza
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems and Centro di Microscopia Elettronica "Giovanni Stevanato", Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia , Via Torino 155/b, Venezia-Mestre I-30172, Italy
| | - Pietro Riello
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems and Centro di Microscopia Elettronica "Giovanni Stevanato", Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia , Via Torino 155/b, Venezia-Mestre I-30172, Italy
| | - Alessandro Alimonti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Bioelement and Health Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute for Health , Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Alvise Benedetti
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems and Centro di Microscopia Elettronica "Giovanni Stevanato", Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia , Via Torino 155/b, Venezia-Mestre I-30172, Italy
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Sena JS, Girão RJS, Carvalho SMFD, Tavares RM, Fonseca FLA, Silva PBA, Barbosa MCFP. Occupational skin cancer: Systematic review. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2017; 62:280-6. [PMID: 27310554 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.62.03.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological profile, risk factors in the workplace environment and prevention methods for professionals at risk of skin cancer. METHOD A systematic review of articles on occupational skin cancer, published in the Lilacs, Scielo, Medline and Cochrane Library from January 1st, 2008, to December 31st, 2013, was performed. The search included the following terms: "neoplasias cutâneas" (DeCS), "exposição ocupacional" (DeCS), "epidemiologia" (DeCS) as well as the keyword "prevenção", and their equivalents in English. RESULTS After analyzing the titles and summaries of articles, the search strategy resulted in 83 references, of which 22 articles met the eligibility criteria. DISCUSSION We found that sun exposure is the main occupational risk factor for skin cancer, causing outdoor workers to be the most vulnerable to developing occupational skin cancer. Professionals with low levels of education and European descent are at increased risk of developing this cancer. CONCLUSION Outdoor workers are more vulnerable to developing occupational skin cancer, estimating that professionals with low level of education and European descent are at increased risk of developing this cancer. Therefore, companies need to invest more in the health of workers by providing protective equipment and thus preventing occupational skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Suellen Sena
- Faculdade Integral Diferencial, Faculdade Integral Diferencial, Teresina PI , Brazil, Medical Student, Faculdade Integral Diferencial (Facid/DeVry), Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Régio José Santiago Girão
- DeVry University, DeVry, Facid, Teresina PI , Brazil, MSc in Health Sciences from Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC). Dermatology Lecturer of the Facid/DeVry, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Sionara Melo Figueiredo de Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza PI , Brazil, MSc in Health Sciences from FMABC. Oncology Lecturer of the Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, PI, Brazil
| | - Rosielly Melo Tavares
- Faculdade Integral Diferencial, Faculdade Integral Diferencial, Teresina PI , Brazil, Medical Student, Faculdade Integral Diferencial (Facid/DeVry), Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santo André SP , Brazil, Post-doctoral from Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein and the Roche Center for Medical Genomics. Adjunct Professor III, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, and Lecturer of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Environmental Health Management, FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Barros Aquino Silva
- Faculdade Integral Diferencial, Faculdade Integral Diferencial, Teresina PI , Brazil, Medical Student, Faculdade Integral Diferencial (Facid/DeVry), Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Fortes Portela Barbosa
- Faculdade Integral Diferencial, Faculdade Integral Diferencial, Teresina PI , Brazil, Medical Student, Faculdade Integral Diferencial (Facid/DeVry), Teresina, PI, Brazil
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John SM, Trakatelli M, Gehring R, Finlay K, Fionda C, Wittlich M, Augustin M, Hilpert G, Barroso Dias JM, Ulrich C, Pellacani G. CONSENSUS REPORT: Recognizing non-melanoma skin cancer, including actinic keratosis, as an occupational disease - A Call to Action. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30 Suppl 3:38-45. [PMID: 26995022 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is by far the most common cancer diagnosed in westernized countries, and one of the few almost preventable cancers if detected and treated early as up to 90% of NMSC may be attributed to excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation. 2. The incidence of NMSC is increasing: 2-3 million people are diagnosed worldwide annually, with an average yearly increase of 3-8% among white populations in Australia, Europe, the US and Canada over the last 30 years. 3. The link between solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and certain forms of NMSC is clearly recognized. It is estimated that outdoor workers are exposed to an UV radiation dose 2-3 times higher than indoor workers, and there is a growing body of research linking UV radiation exposure in outdoor workers to NMSC: I. Occupationally UV-exposed workers are at least at a 43% higher risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and almost doubled risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) compared to the average population, with risk increasing with decreasing latitude. II. The risk for BCC, SCC and actinic keratosis (AK) among workers who have worked outdoors for more than 5 years is 3-fold higher than the risk among those with no years of working outdoors. 4. Primary prevention, early detection, treatment and regular follow-up of skin cancer (NMSC and melanoma) are shown to be beneficial from a health economic perspective. 5. Action is needed at international, European and national level to legislate for recognizing AK and NMSC as an occupational disease, which has the potential to improve access to compensation and drive preventative activities. 6. This report is a Call to Action for: I. The engagement of key stakeholders, including supranational institutions, national governments, trade organizations, employers, workers and patient organizations to drive change in prevention and protection of at-risk groups. II. Employers should be obliged to prevent outdoor worker's UV exposure from exceeding limit values, and to implement occupational skin cancer screening programmes among the at-risk workforce. III. Educational programmes for the outdoor workforce are needed to improve health literacy and drive behavioural change. IV. Nationally, steps to improve notifications and surveillance of skin cancers through both occupational services and public health programmes are required. V. Future research activities should focus on the precise definition of at-risk groups among outdoor workers through increased data gathering, including UV-dosimetry, and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M John
- Chair of EADV Media & PR Committee, and EU Horizon 2020 COST Action StanDerm, Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine, University of Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - M Trakatelli
- EPIDERM Researcher, Department of Dermatology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Dermatology, St. Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Gehring
- Political Secretary Safety and Health, European Federation of Building and Woodworkers, Brussels, Beligum
| | - K Finlay
- Save Your Skin Foundation, North Vancouver, Canada
| | - C Fionda
- Karen Clifford Skin Cancer Charity (Skcin), Nottingham, UK
| | - M Wittlich
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, St. Augustin, Germany
| | - M Augustin
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Hilpert
- German Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, Bonn, Germany
| | - J M Barroso Dias
- President of the Portuguese Society of Occupational Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Ulrich
- Skin Cancer Centre/HTCC, Hautklinik der Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Pellacani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Trakatelli M, Barkitzi K, Apap C, Majewski S, De Vries E. Skin cancer risk in outdoor workers: a European multicenter case-control study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30 Suppl 3:5-11. [PMID: 26995016 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the most important external risk factor for skin cancer. Outdoor workers, who are exposed to high ambient UVR levels are at increased risk. OBJECTIVE To compare outdoor with indoor workers in terms of: (i) skin cancer risk factors, and (ii) risk of developing skin cancer. METHODS Using descriptive methods and a large multicenter European case-control study, we compared risk factor patterns between outdoor (N = 1416) and indoor workers (N = 1863). Risk of developing basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), melanoma and actinic keratosis (AK) were analysed by type of work using multivariate logistic regression models, for three categories of work: indoor; farming/construction; other outdoor work. RESULTS Although skin phototype was equally distributed by type of work, significantly less outdoor than indoor workers used sunscreen in their own country (44.3% vs. 60.2%), but had more outdoor hobbies (66.2% vs. 58.2%). Outdoor workers had lower educational levels, and felt less confident in understanding medical information and filling medical forms (all P < 0.001). Outdoor workers had more signs of photodamage (78.1% vs. 65.5%) and among the skin cancer patients, 37.7% of outdoor workers vs. 28.6% of indoor workers had ≥2 skin cancers diagnosed during their lifetime. Multivariate logistic regression models showed significantly increased risk of outdoor vs. indoor work for AK (ORother outdoor = 1.55, ORfarming/construction = 2.58), SCC (ORother outdoor = 1.32, ORfarming/construction = 2.77) and BCC (ORother outdoor = 1.53, ORfarming/construction = 1.83). No significant associations were found for melanoma. The risk of all types of skin cancer and AK was significantly increased for workers with ≥5 years of outdoor work. CONCLUSIONS Outdoor workers had more risk behaviour with similar constitutional skin cancer risk factors: more UV exposure (both occupational and leisure) and less sunscreen use and lower health literacy. This results in higher exposure, more photodamage and an increased risk of developing AK, BCC and SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Trakatelli
- Department of Dermatology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Dermatology, St. Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Barkitzi
- Artistotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Apap
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Paul Boffa Hospital, Floriana, Malta
| | - S Majewski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E De Vries
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Interaction between omega 3 PUFA and UVB radiation: Photoprotective effect in normal and tumoral murine melanocytes? JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 164:361-368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sanclemente G, Mancilla G, Hernandez G. A double-blind randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of daylight photodynamic therapy with methyl-aminolevulinate vs. Placebo and daylight in patients with facial photodamage. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Walkosz BJ, Buller DB, Andersen PA, Wallis A, Buller MK, Scott MD. Factors Associated With Occupational Sun-Protection Policies in Local Government Organizations in Colorado. JAMA Dermatol 2015; 151:991-7. [PMID: 25993051 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Skin cancer prevention remains a national priority. Reducing chronic UV radiation exposure for outdoor workers through sun-safety practices is an important step to help reduce the incidence of skin cancer. OBJECTIVE To determine the presence of occupational sun-safety policies at local government organizations in a single state. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Of 571 potentially eligible local government organizations of Colorado cities, counties, and special tax districts, we enrolled 98 in a randomized pretest-posttest controlled experiment starting August 15, 2010, that evaluated an intervention to promote the adoption of sun-safety policies. We used a policy-coding protocol to evaluate personal sun-protection practices, environmental and administrative controls, and policy directives for sun safety starting February 10, 2011. We report the baseline assessment of the occupational sun-protection policies of these organizations. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The presence of an occupational sun-safety policy. RESULTS Overall, 85 local government organizations (87%) had policies that required personal sun-protection practices, including the use of eyewear, hats, and protective clothing. However, of the 98 responding organizations, only 8 hat policies (8%), 10 eyewear policies (10%), and 7 clothing policies (7%) mentioned sun protection as the intent of the policy. Only cosmopoliteness, operationalized as proximity to an urban area, was associated with the presence of a sun-safety policy (odds ratio, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.98-1.00]; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Outdoor workers are at increased risk for skin cancer because of long-term exposure to solar UV radiation. Although organizational policies have the potential to increase sun protection in occupational settings, occupational sun-safety policies were uncommon among local governments. Opportunities exist for dermatologists and other physicians to influence occupational sun-safety practices and policies, which are consistent with other safety procedures and could easily be integrated into existing workplace practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter A Andersen
- School of Communication, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Allan Wallis
- School of Public Affairs, University of Colorado, Denver
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Antonov D, Hollunder M, Schliemann S, Elsner P. Ultraviolet Exposure and Protection Behavior in the General Population: A Structured Interview Survey. Dermatology 2015; 232:11-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000440698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Sanclemente G, Mancilla GA, Hernandez G. A double-blind randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of daylight photodynamic therapy with methyl-aminolevulinate vs. Placebo and daylight in patients with facial photodamage. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2015; 107:224-34. [PMID: 26643786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daylight PDT (dPDT) is easy to use and does not require light equipment. Such therapy has been exhaustively proved to be successful in the treatment of actinic keratosis, but its use in skin photodamage remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate dPDT's efficacy in skin facial photodamage. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a parallel-group double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Sixty participants with symmetric facial photodamage were allocated to topical methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) and daylight vs. matching placebo and daylight. Primary outcome was global photodamage improvement/failure 1 month after the third session. Secondary outcomes included: pain evaluation; specific photodamage severity scores; sun irradiance quantification and Skindex-29 scores. Adverse events were also investigated. RESULTS Primary analysis included all randomized patients. All patients sun-exposed for 120min in 3 sessions. The risk of failure was lower in the MAL-dPDT group than in the placebo plus daylight group (RR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.08-0.41). Mean solar irradiance (W/m(2)) during the first, second and third sessions was 480.82, 430.07 and 435.84, respectively. Items 5 and 14 of Skindex-29 in the MAL-dPDT group showed statistical significant differences. Two patients in the MAL-dPDT group had serious and non-serious events not directly related to the product. CONCLUSION dPDT with MAL was un-painful, effective and safe for the treatment of facial photodamage. Herpes simplex prophylaxis should be considered before sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sanclemente
- IPS Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Dermatológica (GRID), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - G A Mancilla
- Grupo de Investigación Dermatológica (GRID), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - G Hernandez
- Grupo de Investigación Dermatológica (GRID), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sustainability of prevention programs is a public health goal. METHODS The effectiveness of Go Sun Smart, an occupational skin cancer prevention program, was evaluated 5 to 7 years out from the conclusion of a controlled randomized dissemination trial that compared an enhanced versus basic dissemination strategy at 53 ski areas enrolled in the trial. RESULTS Employees (n = 2940) at ski areas in the enhanced condition reported fewer sunburns but did not differ from employees in the basic condition on other sun-protection measures. Significant differences for all sun-protection practices were identified at ski areas that displayed nine or more Go Sun Smart materials or a combined total of nine or more Go Sun Smart and other sun safety messages. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to prevention messages is an important determinant of program effectiveness and potentially of program sustainability.
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Szewczyk M, Pazdrowski J, Golusiński P, Dańczak-Pazdrowska A, Łuczewski Ł, Marszałek S, Majchrzak E, Golusiński W. Basal cell carcinoma in farmers: an occupation group at high risk. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2015; 89:497-501. [PMID: 26464316 PMCID: PMC4786594 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-015-1088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer type worldwide, and 80 % of skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The main risk factor for developing BCC is exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), particularly high-dose exposure at a young age. Outdoor workers, particularly farmers, are at high risk of developing BCC. However, studies of BCC in this population are scant. Objective To comprehensively evaluate all cases of BCC of the head and neck region treated during the years 2007–2013 at our hospital in Poland, and to compare the tumour characteristics in farmers to non-farmers. Materials and methods Retrospective analysis of 312 patients treated for head and neck BCC during the study period (2007–2013). Results Most patients (198 cases; 63 %) were males, with 114 females (37 %). Median age was 73 years (range 32–96 years). The most common tumour location was the nose and cheek (114 pts; 37 %) followed by the auricle (82 pts; 26 %), lips (54 pts; 18 %), scalp (26 pts; 8 %), and eye (36 pts; 12 %). The most common disease stage on presentation was stage T2 (104 pts, 33 %), followed by stage T1 (79 pts; 25 %), stage T3 (89 pts; 28 %), and stage T4 (40 pts; 14 %). By occupation, farmers accounted for 33 % of all patients (102 of 312 pts). The most common tumour localisations in the farmer subgroup were the nose and cheek (50 pts; 49 %; p < 0.001; odds ratio [OR] 2.19; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.35–3.57), followed by the auricle (32 pts; 31 %), scalp (16 pts; 16 %), ocular region (3 pts; 3 %), and lips (1 pt; 1 %). Patients in the farmer group were significantly younger than non-farmers (62 vs. 73 years; p < 0.001; OR 0.90, 95 % CI 0.88–0.93). Farmers were significantly more likely to present disease recurrence (27 vs. 12 % of cases; p < 0.001; OR 5.94; 95 % CI 2.86–12.33). Conclusion The results highlight the increased incidence and risk of recurrence of BCC in farmers. It is therefore necessary to consider enhancing educational programmes and other preventative measures in this occupational group and to evaluate the effectiveness of such programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Szewczyk
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Jakub Pazdrowski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Golusiński
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Biology and Environmental Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dluga 1⁄2, 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Łuczewski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sławomir Marszałek
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Rehabilitation in Internal Medicine, University School of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Majchrzak
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Golusiński
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
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Giménez VB, Ysasi GG, Moreno JC, Serrano MA. Maximum Incident Erythemally Effective UV Exposure Received by Construction Workers, in Valencia, Spain. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:1505-9. [PMID: 26346996 DOI: 10.1111/php.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article analyzes the influence of Ultraviolet Erythematic Radiation (UVER) dose received by construction workers in Valencia highlighting the upper limit of the dose received for a worker in different periods of a year. Building construction usually implies workers to stand for several hours outdoors while working until roof top is finished. In Valencia, construction carried out near the coastline has been very intense in the last few years with the construction of a great amount of summer flats. This article focuses on the maximum values UVER can reach in different seasons of the year for cities with similar latitude to Valencia (39°28'N, 0°22'W), as an important way of warning construction workers about the necessity of taking preventive actions. Viospor dosimeters placed on a mannequin have been used in this study. The measurements took place between 2012 December and 2013 July.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Blanca Giménez
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, España
| | - Gonzalo Gurrea Ysasi
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, España
| | - Juan Carlos Moreno
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, España
| | - María Antonia Serrano
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, España
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Cheng PS, Weng SF, Chiang CH, Lai FJ. Relationship between arsenic-containing drinking water and skin cancers in the arseniasis endemic areas in Taiwan. J Dermatol 2015; 43:181-6. [PMID: 26283637 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Artesian well-water had high concentrations of arsenic that led to the well-known black foot disease in Taiwan around the 1950s, and the associated cancers including skin cancer, bladder cancers and lung cancers. We sought to estimate the standardized morbidity ratio (SMR) and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the black foot disease endemic areas (BFDEA) in Taiwan. A nationwide retrospective population-based survey was done with the data from the National Taiwan Cancer Registry Center between 1979 and 2007. Among the 29-year period, there were 11 191 cases with SCC and 13 684 cases with BCC diagnosed pathologically. The incidence rates were 4-6-fold higher for SCC and 3-4-fold higher for BCC in the BFDEA compared with the rest of Taiwan. The SMR decreased after stopping arsenic-containing well-water drinking in the 1970s. The arsenic level in the drinking water, amount of contaminated water intake, occupation and sun-exposure time were not documented. This is the first nationwide, population-based study that shows the relationship between arsenic intoxication and non-melanoma skin cancers (SCC and BCC) through comparing the data in people living in the BFDEA and non-BFDEA in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Shan Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Weng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Dermatology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Jie Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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Sustained use of an occupational sun safety program in a recreation industry: follow-up to a randomized trial on dissemination strategies. Transl Behav Med 2015; 5:361-71. [PMID: 26622909 DOI: 10.1007/s13142-015-0321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustainability of evidence-based programs is needed to obtain long-term benefits. To assess sustainability of Go Sun Smart (GSS), an occupational skin cancer prevention program disseminated to the North American ski industry. Fifty-three of the 68 ski areas from the original dissemination trial participated in 2012 and 2013, 5 to 7 years after program distribution by enhanced or basic dissemination strategies. Sustained use was measured by: (1) on-site observation of sun protection communication and (2) an online survey with senior managers. In the sustainability assessment, sun safety communication had declined, and dissemination strategy did not affect continued use. Managers held weaker attitudes about skin cancer importance and program fit, but more managers provided free/reduced-cost sunscreen than in the dissemination trial. Manager turnover was a key factor in program discontinuance. Sustainability remains a challenge. Additional research is needed to determine the best strategies for sustainability.
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46
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Street TD, Thomas DL. Employee factors associated with interest in improving sun protection in an Australian mining workforce. Health Promot J Austr 2015; 26:33-38. [DOI: 10.1071/he14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Schmitt J, Diepgen TL. Occupational skin cancer due to UV-irradiation--Analyses of notified cases as "virtually-certain" occupational disease in Germany between 2005 and 2011. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2015; 12:491-7. [PMID: 24889295 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UV-induced skin cancer is not yet included in the German ordinance on occupational diseases and can only be notified and recognized acknowledged as "virtually-certain" occupational disease. The objective of the study was to analyze notified and acknowledged cases of occupational skin cancer due to UV-irradiation in Germany between 2005 and 2011. PATIENTS AND METHODS All notified cases of occupational skin cancer due to UV-irradiation have been analyzed which have been registered by the German Statutory accident insurance as of May 2012 were analyzed. The data analyze was descriptive stratified annually for presenting time trends.Data analysis was descriptive, stratified by year to defect time trends. RESULTS Notified cases have increased annually with a total of 548 registered cases of occupational skin cancer induced by UV-irradiation between 2005 and 2011, and 74 recognized acknowledged cases. In 56 cases the procedure was not yet finished. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and in-situ squamous cell carcinoma (actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease) were most frequent and have been the most frequentlyobserved in 333 notified cases. and between 15.6 % and 24.9 % have been recognizedof cases with SCC and actinic keratosis were recognized, respectively. 184 patients with basal cell carcinoma were notified but only 6.5 % recognized acknowledged and only 3 cases with exclusive basal cell carcinoma. Out of 50 notified patients with Mmelanoma only one was recognizedacknowledged. CONCLUSIONS The results are in good agreement with the proposal of the German Minister of labor to establish UV-induced skin cancer as a new occupational disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Schmitt
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany; Zentrum für Evidenzbasierte Gesundheitsversorgung, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
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Diepgen TL, Brandenburg S, Aberer W, Bauer A, Drexler H, Fartasch M, Malte John S, Krohn S, Palfner S, Römer W, Schuhmacher-Stock U, Elsner P. Hautkrebs durch natürliche UV-Strahlung als Berufskrankheit - Voraussetzungen für eine Meldung und Anerkennung. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12537_suppl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Diepgen
- Institut für Klinische Sozialmedizin; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
| | | | - Werner Aberer
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie; Medizinische Universität Graz; Österreich
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie; Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Dresden
| | - Hans Drexler
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-; Sozial- und Umweltmedizin; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Manigé Fartasch
- Abteilung für klinische und experimentelle Berufsdermatologie; Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der DGUV; Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA); Bochum
| | - Swen Malte John
- Abteilung Dermatologie; Umweltmedizin und Gesundheitstheorie; Universität Osnabrück und Institut für interdisziplinäre dermatologische Prävention und Rehabilitation (iDerm) an der Universität Osnabrück
- Niedersächsisches Institut für Berufsdermatologie (NIB); Osnabrück
| | - Steffen Krohn
- Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV); Berlin
| | | | | | | | - Peter Elsner
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten; Universitätsklinikum Jena
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Diepgen TL, Brandenburg S, Aberer W, Bauer A, Drexler H, Fartasch M, Malte John S, Krohn S, Palfner S, Römer W, Schuhmacher-Stock U, Elsner P. Skin cancer induced by natural UV-radiation as an occupational disease - Requirements for its notification and recognition. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2014; 12:1102-6. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Diepgen
- Institut für Klinische Sozialmedizin; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Stephan Brandenburg
- Berufsgenossenschaft für Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege; Hamburg Germany
| | - Werner Aberer
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie; Medizinische Universität Graz; Austria
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie; Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Dresden Germany
| | - Hans Drexler
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-; Sozial- und Umweltmedizin; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nuremberg; Germany
| | - Manigé Fartasch
- Abteilung für klinische und experimentelle Berufsdermatologie; Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der DGUV; Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA); Bochum Germany
| | - Swen Malte John
- Abteilung Dermatologie; Umweltmedizin und Gesundheitstheorie; Universität Osnabrück und Institut für interdisziplinäre dermatologische Prävention und Rehabilitation (iDerm) an der Universität Osnabrück; Germany
- Niedersächsisches Institut für Berufsdermatologie (NIB); Osnabrück Germany
| | - Steffen Krohn
- Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV); Berlin Germany
| | | | | | | | - Peter Elsner
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten; Universitätsklinikum Jena; Germany
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Gina M, Schliemann S, Elsner P. Immunosuppression as a possible cofactor of occupational skin cancer in an outdoor worker. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 30:381-2. [PMID: 25370721 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Gina
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - S Schliemann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - P Elsner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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