1
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How J, Ren S, Lombardi‐Story J, Bergeron M, Foster J, Amrein PC, Brunner AM, Fathi AT, Hock H, Khachatryan A, Kikuchi H, Ng MR, Moran J, Narayan R, Neuberg D, Ramos A, Som T, Vartanian M, Chen Y, Duda DG, Hobbs GS. A nonrandomized phase I and biomarker trial of regorafenib in advanced myeloid malignancies. EJHAEM 2022; 3:434-442. [PMID: 35846042 PMCID: PMC9175677 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a single-center, open-label, dose escalation, and expansion phase I trial of the antiangiogenic multikinase inhibitor regorafenib in patients with advanced myeloid neoplasms. We enrolled 16 patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). A 3 + 3 dose escalation design was used with two planned dose levels (120 or 160 mg daily) and one de-escalation level (80 mg daily). An additional 10 patients were treated on an expansion cohort. The recommended phase two dose of regorafenib was 160 mg daily, with no dose-limiting toxicities. The best overall disease response by International Working Group criteria included one partial and stable disease in 11 patients. Tissue studies indicated no change in Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation in responders. Pharmacodynamic changes in plasma VEGF, PlGF, and sVEGFR2 were detected during treatment. Baseline proinflammatory and angiogenic cytokine levels were not associated with clinical response. Single-agent regorafenib demonstrated an acceptable safety profile in relapsed/refractory myeloid malignancy patients. Most patients achieved stable disease, with modest improvements in cell counts in some MDS patients. Biomarker studies were consistent with on-target effects of regorafenib on angiogenesis. Future studies should investigate the role of regorafenib in combination therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan How
- Division of HematologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Siyang Ren
- Department of Data SciencesDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jennifer Lombardi‐Story
- Department of Medical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Meghan Bergeron
- Department of Medical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Julia Foster
- Department of Medical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Phillip C. Amrein
- Department of Medical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrew M. Brunner
- Department of Medical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Amir T. Fathi
- Department of Medical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Hanno Hock
- Department of Medical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Anna Khachatryan
- Department of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Hiroto Kikuchi
- Department of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mei Rosa Ng
- Department of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jenna Moran
- Department of Medical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rupa Narayan
- Department of Medical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Data SciencesDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Aura Ramos
- Department of Medical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tina Som
- Department of Medical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Meghan Vartanian
- Department of Medical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yi‐Bin Chen
- Department of Medical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Dan G. Duda
- Department of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Gabriela S. Hobbs
- Department of Medical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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2
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Kitagawa M, Kurata M, Onishi I, Yamamoto K. Bone marrow niches in myeloid neoplasms. Pathol Int 2019; 70:63-71. [PMID: 31709722 PMCID: PMC7232432 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pathological phenotypes of myeloid neoplasms are closely related to genetic/chromosomal abnormalities of neoplastic cells whereas the bone marrow microenvironment, including stromal elements and hematopoietic stem cell niche cells, have a great influence on the differentiation/proliferation of both hematopoietic and neoplastic cells. The pathology of myeloid neoplasms might be generated through the interaction of hematopoietic (stem) cells and stromal cells. The present study aims to provide the morphological/functional aspects of the bone marrow environment in myeloid neoplasms. Among the myeloid neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) exhibit significant and complex interactions between neoplastic cells and stromal cells. Hematopoietic cells in MDS are greatly influenced by macrophages/niche cells via several signaling pathways. As such, the pathological significance of cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and anti‐apoptosis signals in the bone marrow of myeloid neoplasms, especially MDS bone marrow, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Kitagawa
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morito Kurata
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iichiroh Onishi
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamamoto
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Stem cell damage after chemotherapy- can we do better? Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2019; 32:31-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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4
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Roversi FM, Cury NM, Lopes MR, Ferro KP, Machado-Neto JA, Alvarez MC, Dos Santos GP, Giardini Rosa R, Longhini AL, Duarte ADSS, Pericole FV, Favaro P, Yunes JA, Saad STO. Up-regulation of SPINT2/HAI-2 by Azacytidine in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells affects leukemic stem cell survival and adhesion. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1562-1571. [PMID: 30484958 PMCID: PMC6349149 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of tumour microenvironment in neoplasm initiation and malignant evolution has been increasingly recognized. However, the bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (BMMSC) contribution to disease progression remains poorly explored. We previously reported that the expression of serine protease inhibitor kunitz‐type2 (SPINT2/HAI‐2), an inhibitor of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activation, is significantly lower in BMMSC from myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients compared to healthy donors (HD). Thus, to investigate whether this loss of expression was due to SPINT2/HAI‐2 methylation, BMMSC from MDS and de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (de novo AML) patients were treated with 5‐Azacitidine (Aza), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. In MDS‐ and de novo AML‐BMMSC, Aza treatment resulted in a pronounced SPINT2/HAI‐2 levels up‐regulation. Moreover, Aza treatment of HD‐BMMSC did not improve SPINT2/HAI‐2 levels. To understand the role of SPINT2/HAI‐2 down‐regulation in BMMSC physiology, SPINT2/HAI‐2 expression was inhibited by lentivirus. SPINT2 underexpression resulted in an increased production of HGF by HS‐5 stromal cells and improved survival of CD34+ de novo AML cells. We also observed an increased adhesion of de novo AML hematopoietic cells to SPINT2/HAI‐2 silenced cells. Interestingly, BMMSC isolated from MDS and de novo AML patients had increased expression of the integrins CD49b, CD49d, and CD49e. Thus, SPINT2/HAI‐2 may contribute to functional and morphological abnormalities of the microenvironment niche and to stem/progenitor cancer cell progression. Hence, down‐regulation in SPINT2/HAI‐2 gene expression, due to methylation in MDS‐BMMSC and de novo AML‐BMMSC, provides novel insights into the pathogenic role of the leukemic bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Marconi Roversi
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Moreno Cury
- Centro Infantil de Investigações Hematológicas Dr. Domingos A. Boldrini, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Rodrigues Lopes
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla Priscila Ferro
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Claudia Alvarez
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Pereira Dos Santos
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Giardini Rosa
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Leda Longhini
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Vieira Pericole
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Favaro
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Andres Yunes
- Centro Infantil de Investigações Hematológicas Dr. Domingos A. Boldrini, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Xu L, Zhang H, Mei M, Du C, Huang X, Li J, Wang Y, Bao S, Zheng H. Phosphorylation of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 at tyrosine 19 promotes cell proliferation in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3805-3815. [PMID: 30320932 PMCID: PMC6272096 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/arginine‐rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) has been linked to various human cancers including pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Our previous study has shown that SRSF1 potentially contributes to leukemogenesis; however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, leukemic cells were isolated from pediatric ALL bone marrow samples, followed by immunoprecipitation assays and mass spectrometry analysis specific to SRSF1. Subcellular localization of the SRSF1 protein and its mutants were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Cell growth, colony formation, cell apoptosis, and the cell cycle were investigated using stable leukemic cell lines generated with lentivirus‐mediated overexpressed WT or mutant plasmids. Cytotoxicity of the Tie2 kinase inhibitor was also evaluated. Our results showed the phosphorylation of SRSF1 at tyrosine 19 (Tyr‐19) was identified in newly diagnosed ALL samples, but not in complete remission or normal control samples. Compared to the SRSF1 WT cells, the missense mutants of the Tyr‐19 phosphorylation affected the subcellular localization of SRSF1. In addition, the Tyr‐19 phosphorylation of SRSF1 also led to increased cell proliferation and enhanced colony‐forming properties by promoting the cell cycle. Remarkably, we further identified the kinase Tie2 as a potential therapeutic target in leukemia cells. In conclusion, we identify for the first time that the phosphorylation state of SRSF1 is linked to different phases in pediatric ALL. The Tyr‐19 phosphorylation of SRSF1 disrupts its subcellular localization and promotes proliferation in leukemia cells by driving cell‐cycle progression. Inhibitors targeting Tie2 kinase that could catalyze Tyr‐19 phosphorylation of SRSF1 offer a promising therapeutic target for treatment of pediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Mei
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaohao Du
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilai Bao
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huyong Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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6
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Aanei CM, Catafal LC. Evaluation of bone marrow microenvironment could change how myelodysplastic syndromes are diagnosed and treated. Cytometry A 2018; 93:916-928. [PMID: 30211968 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic disorders. However, the therapies used against the hematopoietic stem cells clones have limited efficacy; they slow the evolution toward acute myeloid leukemia rather than stop clonal evolution and eradicate the disease. The progress made in recent years regarding the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in disease evolution may contribute to progress in this area. This review presents the recent updates on the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in myelodysplastic syndromes pathogenesis and tries to find answers regarding how this information could improve myelodysplastic syndromes diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mariana Aanei
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Lydia Campos Catafal
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
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7
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Guillem V, Calabuig M, Brunet S, Esteve J, Escoda L, Gallardo D, Ribera JM, Queipo de Llano MP, Arnan M, Pedro C, Amigo ML, Martí-Tutusaus JM, García-Guiñón A, Bargay J, Sampol A, Salamero O, Font L, Talarn C, Hoyos M, Díaz-Beyá M, Garrido A, Navarro B, Nomdédeu J, Sierra J, Tormo M. Bone marrow VEGFC expression is associated with multilineage dysplasia and several prognostic markers in adult acute myeloid leukemia, but not with survival. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2383-2393. [PMID: 29345176 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1422858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) stimulates leukemia cell proliferation and survival, and promotes angiogenesis. We studied VEGFC expression in bone marrow samples from 353 adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and its relationship with several clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular variables. We also studied the expression of 84 genes involved in VEGF signaling in 24 patients. We found that VEGFC expression was higher in AML patients with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) than in patients with non-AML-MRC. We also found an association between VEGFC expression and the patient cytogenetic risk group, with those with a worse prognosis having higher VEGFC expression levels. No correlation was observed between VEGFC expression and survival or complete remission. VEGFC expression strongly correlated with expression of the VEGF receptors FLT1, KDR, and NRP1. Thus, in this series, VEGFC expression was increased in AML-MRC and in subgroups with a poorer prognosis, but has no impact on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Guillem
- a Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology , Hospital Clínico Universitario INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain
| | - Marisa Calabuig
- a Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology , Hospital Clínico Universitario INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain
| | - Salut Brunet
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau and Jose Carreras Leukemia Research Institutes, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jordi Esteve
- c Department of Hematology , Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Lourdes Escoda
- d Department of Hematology , Hospital Universitari Joan XIII , Tarragona , Spain
| | - David Gallardo
- e Department of Hematology , ICO Girona, Hospital Josep Trueta, IDIBGI Foundation , Girona , Spain
| | - Josep-Maria Ribera
- f Department of Hematology , ICO Badalona - Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , Badalona , Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Arnan
- h Department of Hematology , ICO - Hospital Duran i Reynals , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Carme Pedro
- i Department of Hematology , Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar , Barcelona , Spain
| | - María Luz Amigo
- j Department of Hematology , Hospital Morales Meseguer , Murcia , Spain
| | | | - Antoni García-Guiñón
- l Department of Hematology , Hospital Universitari Arnau de Villanova , Lleida , Spain
| | - Joan Bargay
- m Department of Hematology , Hospital Son Llatzer , Mallorca , Spain
| | - Antonia Sampol
- n Department of Hematology , University Hospital Son Espases, Instituto IDISPA , Palma de Mallorca , Spain
| | - Olga Salamero
- o Department of Hematology , Hospital Vall d'Hebron , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Llorenç Font
- p Department of Hematology , Hospital Verge de la Cinta , Tortosa , Spain
| | - Carme Talarn
- c Department of Hematology , Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Montserrat Hoyos
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau and Jose Carreras Leukemia Research Institutes, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Marina Díaz-Beyá
- c Department of Hematology , Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ana Garrido
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau and Jose Carreras Leukemia Research Institutes, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Blanca Navarro
- a Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology , Hospital Clínico Universitario INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain
| | - Josep Nomdédeu
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau and Jose Carreras Leukemia Research Institutes, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jordi Sierra
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau and Jose Carreras Leukemia Research Institutes, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mar Tormo
- a Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology , Hospital Clínico Universitario INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain
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8
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Li AJ, Calvi LM. The microenvironment in myelodysplastic syndromes: Niche-mediated disease initiation and progression. Exp Hematol 2017; 55:3-18. [PMID: 28826860 PMCID: PMC5737956 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and represent the most common cause of acquired marrow failure. Hallmarked by ineffective hematopoiesis, dysplastic marrow, and risk of transformation to acute leukemia, MDS remains a poorly treated disease. Although identification of hematopoietic aberrations in human MDS has contributed significantly to our understanding of MDS pathogenesis, evidence now identify the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) as another key contributor to disease initiation and progression. With improved understanding of the BMME, we are beginning to refine the role of the hematopoietic niche in MDS. Despite genetic diversity in MDS, interaction between MDS and the BMME appears to be a common disease feature and therefore represents an appealing therapeutic target. Further understanding of the interdependent relationship between MDS and its niche is needed to delineate the mechanisms underlying hematopoietic failure and how the microenvironment can be targeted clinically. This review provides an overview of data from human MDS and murine models supporting a role for BMME dysfunction at several steps of disease pathogenesis. Although no models or human studies so far have combined all of these findings, we review current data identifying BMME involvement in each step of MDS pathogenesis organized to reflect the chronology of BMME contribution as the normal hematopoietic system becomes myelodysplastic and MDS progresses to marrow failure and transformation. Although microenvironmental heterogeneity and dysfunction certainly add complexity to this syndrome, data are already demonstrating that targeting microenvironmental signals may represent novel therapeutic strategies for MDS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Laura M Calvi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY.
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9
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Invernizzi R, Travaglino E, Della Porta MG, Malcovati L, Gallì A, Bastia R, Ciola M, Ambaglio I, Boveri E, Rosti V, Cazzola M. Vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression in myelodysplastic syndrome bone marrow cells: biological and clinical implications. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:1711-1720. [PMID: 27897450 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1262030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may have regulatory effects on the hematopoietic system and contribute to disease progression. We analyzed by immunocytochemistry VEGF expression in bone marrow (BM) cells from 188 patients with MDS and 96 non-hemopathic subjects. We also measured VEGF BM plasma levels and in vitro VEGF release. Our aims were to evaluate whether VEGF expression abnormalities were associated with relevant laboratory or clinical findings and their possible prognostic value. In MDS, VEGF expression was higher than in controls (p < .0001) and VEGF release was significantly higher in the low-risk cases. A trend to a positive correlation between VEGF myeloid expression and apoptotic rate was observed. High myeloid VEGF levels were independently associated with longer overall survival (p < .0001) and progression-free survival (p = .0002). Our findings suggest that, in MDS, VEGF production and release may contribute to ineffective hematopoiesis, with a potential prognostic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Invernizzi
- a Department of Internal Medicine , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Erica Travaglino
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Matteo Giovanni Della Porta
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Luca Malcovati
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Anna Gallì
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Raffaella Bastia
- a Department of Internal Medicine , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Mariella Ciola
- a Department of Internal Medicine , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Ilaria Ambaglio
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Emanuela Boveri
- c Department of Human Pathology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Vittorio Rosti
- d Biotechnology Research Area , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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10
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Zeidan AM, Stahl M, Komrokji R. Emerging biological therapies for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2016; 21:283-300. [DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2016.1220534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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11
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Blix ES, Husebekk A. Raiders of the lost mark - endothelial cells and their role in transplantation for hematologic malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:2752-2762. [PMID: 27396981 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1201566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) are crucial for normal angiogenesis and important for patients with leukemia, myeloma, and lymphoma during and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Knowledge of endothelial dysfunction in hematologic malignancies is provided by translational studies analyzing soluble endothelial markers, morphologic and functional changes of EC cultured in patients' sera or enumeration of circulating EC or endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). EC are important for stem cell homing and maintenance. Endothelial activation or damage is a central component in the pathogenesis of several complications after HSCT, like acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, capillary leak syndrome, engraftment syndrome, diffuse alveolar syndrome, idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, and transplant-associated microangiopathy. Finally, EC or EPC may facilitate tumor cell survival thus representing potential factors for both disease progression and relapse in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egil S Blix
- a Immunology Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology , UiT the Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway.,b Department of Oncology , University Hospital of North Norway , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Anne Husebekk
- a Immunology Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology , UiT the Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway
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12
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Testa U, Saulle E, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Endothelial progenitor cells in hematologic malignancies. Stem Cell Investig 2016; 3:26. [PMID: 27583252 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2016.06.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies carried out in the last years have improved the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling angiogenesis during adult life in normal and pathological conditions. Some of these studies have led to the identification of some progenitor cells that sustain angiogenesis through indirect, paracrine mechanisms (hematopoietic angiogenic cells) and through direct mechanisms, i.e., through their capacity to generate a progeny of phenotypically and functionally competent endothelial cells [endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs)]. The contribution of these progenitors to angiogenetic processes under physiological and pathological conditions is intensively investigated. Angiogenetic mechanisms are stimulated in various hematological malignancies, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes and multiple myeloma, resulting in an increased angiogenesis that contributes to disease progression. In some of these conditions there is preliminary evidence that some endothelial cells could derive from the malignant clone, thus leading to the speculation that the leukemic cell derives from the malignant transformation of a hemangioblastic progenitor, i.e., of a cell capable of differentiation to the hematopoietic and to the endothelial cell lineages. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying increased angiogenesis in these malignancies not only contributed to a better knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for tumor progression, but also offered the way for the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernestina Saulle
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Targeting of the bone marrow microenvironment improves outcome in a murine model of myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood 2015; 127:616-25. [PMID: 26637787 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-06-653113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro evidence suggests that the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) is altered in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). Here, we study the BMME in MDS in vivo using a transgenic murine model of MDS with hematopoietic expression of the translocation product NUP98-HOXD13 (NHD13). This model exhibits a prolonged period of cytopenias prior to transformation to leukemia and is therefore ideal to interrogate the role of the BMME in MDS. In this model, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) were decreased in NHD13 mice by flow cytometric analysis. The reduction in the total phenotypic HSPC pool in NHD13 mice was confirmed functionally with transplantation assays. Marrow microenvironmental cellular components of the NHD13 BMME were found to be abnormal, including increases in endothelial cells and in dysfunctional mesenchymal and osteoblastic populations, whereas megakaryocytes were decreased. Both CC chemokine ligand 3 and vascular endothelial growth factor, previously shown to be increased in human MDS, were increased in NHD13 mice. To assess whether the BMME contributes to disease progression in NHD13 mice, we performed transplantation of NHD13 marrow into NHD13 mice or their wild-type (WT) littermates. WT recipients as compared with NHD13 recipients of NHD13 marrow had a lower rate of the combined outcome of progression to leukemia and death. Moreover, hematopoietic function was superior in a WT BMME as compared with an NHD13 BMME. Our data therefore demonstrate a contributory role of the BMME to disease progression in MDS and support a therapeutic strategy whereby manipulation of the MDS microenvironment may improve hematopoietic function and overall survival.
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Balderman SR, Calvi LM. Biology of BM failure syndromes: role of microenvironment and niches. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2014; 2014:71-76. [PMID: 25696837 PMCID: PMC4419374 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2014.1.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The BM microenvironment and its components regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSC) fate. An abnormality in the BM microenvironment and specific dysfunction of the HSC niche could play a critical role in initiation, disease progression, and response to therapy of BM failure syndromes. Therefore, the identification of changes in the HSC niche in BM failure syndromes should lead to further knowledge of the signals that disrupt the normal microenvironment. In turn, niche disruption may contribute to disease morbidity, resulting in pancytopenia and clonal evolution, and its understanding could suggest new therapeutic targets for these conditions. In this chapter, we briefly review the evidence for the importance of the BM microenvironment as a regulator of normal hematopoiesis, summarize current knowledge regarding the role of dysfunctions in the BM microenvironment in BM failure syndromes, and propose a strategy through which niche stimulation can complement current treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia R. Balderman
- Instructor of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine
| | - Laura M. Calvi
- Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology and Physiology, Neurologic Surgery, Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 693, Rochester, NY 14642, (585) 275-5011
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15
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Garcia-Manero G, Khoury HJ, Jabbour E, Lancet J, Winski SL, Cable L, Rush S, Maloney L, Hogeland G, Ptaszynski M, Calvo MC, Bohannan Z, List A, Kantarjian H, Komrokji R. A phase I study of oral ARRY-614, a p38 MAPK/Tie2 dual inhibitor, in patients with low or intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:985-94. [PMID: 25480830 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Data suggest that activity of p38 MAPK and Tie2 kinases is dysregulated in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and may be targets for novel therapies. A phase I study of ARRY-614, an oral dual inhibitor of p38 MAPK and Tie2, was conducted in patients with low or intermediate-1 International Prognostic Scoring System risk MDS to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and preliminary responses by International Working Group 2006 criteria. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Forty-five patients received ARRY-614 either once daily or twice daily in dose escalation (400, 600, 900, or 1,200 mg once daily; 200 or 300 mg twice daily) or expansion cohorts. RESULTS The 300 mg twice daily schedule was not tolerated, and an MTD was not reached for once daily dosing. Treatment-related adverse events were primarily grade 1-2, with the most common being rash, diarrhea, dry skin, fatigue and anorexia. Interpatient PK variability was high, although exposure was sufficient to achieve reduction in p38 MAPK activation in bone marrow and in the levels of circulating biomarkers. Disease responses were observed in 14 of 44 (32%) evaluable patients, 13 (93%) of whom had previously been treated with a hypomethylating agent. Responses were observed in all lineages, with 5 patients experiencing bilineage responses. Three of 25 red blood cell transfusion-dependent (TD) patients achieved transfusion independence (TI) and 5 of 7 platelet TD patients achieved TI. CONCLUSIONS ARRY-614 was well tolerated and has sufficient activity to warrant further evaluation in this patient population. We recommend 1,200 mg once daily as the optimal dose for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna J Khoury
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey Lancet
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Monica Cabrero Calvo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zach Bohannan
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alan List
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rami Komrokji
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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16
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Abe-Suzuki S, Kurata M, Abe S, Onishi I, Kirimura S, Nashimoto M, Murayama T, Hidaka M, Kitagawa M. CXCL12+ stromal cells as bone marrow niche for CD34+ hematopoietic cells and their association with disease progression in myelodysplastic syndromes. J Transl Med 2014; 94:1212-23. [PMID: 25199050 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment, known as 'hematopoietic stem cell niche,' is essential for the survival and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell diseases, which eventually result in leukemic transformation (acute myelogenous leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes, AML-MRC). However, the precise components and functions of the MDS niche remain unclear. Recently, CXCL12-abundant reticular cells were shown to act as a hematopoietic stem cell niche in the murine bone marrow. Using immunohistochemistry, we show here that CXCL12(+) cells were located in the cellular marrow or perivascular area, and were in contact with CD34(+) hematopoietic cells in control and MDS/AML-MRC bone marrow. MDS bone marrow exhibited higher CXCL12(+) cell density than control or AML, not otherwise specified (AML-NOS) bone marrow. Moreover, AML-MRC bone marrow also exhibited higher CXCL12(+) cell density than control bone marrow. CXCL12(+) cell density correlated positively with bone marrow blast ratio in MDS cases. CXCL12 mRNA level was also higher in MDS bone marrow than in control or AML-NOS bone marrow. In vitro coculture analysis revealed that overexpression of CXCL12 in stromal cells upregulated BCL-2 expression of leukemia cell lines. Triple immunostaining revealed that the CD34(+) hematopoietic cells of MDS bone marrow in contact with CXCL12(+) cells were BCL-2-positive and TUNEL-negative. In the bone marrow of MDS cases, CXCL12-high group showed significantly higher Bcl-2(+)/CD34(+) cell ratio and lower apoptotic cell ratio than CXCL12-low group. Moreover, CXCL12-high refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) cases had a greater tendency to progress to refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEBs) or AML-MRC than CXCL12-low RCMD cases. These results suggest that CXCL12(+) cells constitute the niche for CD34(+) hematopoietic cells, and may be associated with the survival/antiapoptosis of CD34(+) hematopoietic cells and disease progression in MDS. Thus, CXCL12(+) cells may represent a novel MDS therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Abe-Suzuki
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morito Kurata
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Abe
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iichiroh Onishi
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Kirimura
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Nashimoto
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Murayama
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization, Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hidaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization, Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kitagawa
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Moschetta M, Mishima Y, Sahin I, Manier S, Glavey S, Vacca A, Roccaro AM, Ghobrial IM. Role of endothelial progenitor cells in cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:26-39. [PMID: 24709008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated neovasculature is a critical therapeutic target; however, despite significant progress made in the clinical efficacy of anti-vessel drugs, the effect of these agents remains transient: over time, most patients develop resistance, which inevitably leads to tumor progression. To develop more effective treatments, it is imperative that we better understand the mechanisms involved in tumor vessel formation, how they participate to the tumor progression and metastasis, and the best way to target them. Several mechanisms contribute to the formation of tumor-associated vasculature: i) neoangiogenesis; ii) vascular co-option; iii) mosaicism; iv) vasculogenic mimicry, and v) postnatal vasculogenesis. These mechanisms can also play a role in the development of resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs, and could serve as targets for designing new anti-vascular molecules to treat solid as well as hematological malignancies. Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-mediated vasculogenesis represents an important new target, especially at the early stage of tumor growth (when EPCs are critical for promoting the "angiogenic switch"), and during metastasis, when EPCs promote the transition from micro- to macro-metastases. In hematologic malignancies, the EPC population could be related to the neoplastic clone, and both may share a common ontogeny. Thus, characterization of tumor-associated EPCs in blood cancers may provide clues for more specific anti-vascular therapy that has both direct and indirect anti-tumor effects. Here, we review the role of vasculogenesis, mediated by bone marrow-derived EPCs, in the progression of cancer, with a particular focus on the role of these cells in promoting progression of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Moschetta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; University of Bari Medical School, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Bari, Italy
| | - Yuji Mishima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilyas Sahin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Salomon Manier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siobhan Glavey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angelo Vacca
- University of Bari Medical School, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Bari, Italy
| | - Aldo M Roccaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Roversi FM, Lopes MR, Machado-Neto JA, Longhini ALF, Duarte ADSS, Baratti MO, Palodetto B, Corrocher FA, Pericole FV, Campos PDM, Favaro P, Traina F, Saad STO. Serine protease inhibitor kunitz-type 2 is downregulated in myelodysplastic syndromes and modulates cell-cell adhesion. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1109-20. [PMID: 24410667 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal disorders involving hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis. In addition to HSC defects, a defective hematopoiesis supporting capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the microenvironment niche has been implicated in MDS pathophysiology. The interaction between the dysfunctional MSCs MDS and HSC regulates diverse adhesion-related processes, such as progenitor cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal. As previously reported, a microarray analysis identified serine protease inhibitor kunitz-type 2 (SPINT2), an inhibitor of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activation, to be downregulated in MSCs from MDS patients. To define the role of SPINT2 in MDS hematopoietic microenvironment, an analysis of the effect of SPINT2 silencing in MSCs was carried out. We herein reported significantly lower levels of SPINT2 whereas HGF was expressed at higher levels in MSCs from MDS patients compared with healthy controls. SPINT2 underexpression results in an increased expression, production, and secretion of HGF and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) by MSCs. An increased adhesion of normal HSC or malignant cells onto MSCs silenced for SPINT2 was also observed. The altered MSCs adhesion in SPINT2-knockdown cells was correlated with increased CD49b and CD49d expression and with a decrease in CD49e expression. Our results suggest that the SPINT2 underexpression in the MSC from MDS patients is probably involved in the adhesion of progenitors to the bone marrow niche, through an increased HGF and SDF-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Marconi Roversi
- 1 Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp , Campinas, Brazil
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19
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Bachegowda L, Gligich O, Mantzaris I, Schinke C, Wyville D, Carrillo T, Braunschweig I, Steidl U, Verma A. Signal transduction inhibitors in treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:50. [PMID: 23841999 PMCID: PMC3716523 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of hematologic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis that results in reduced blood counts. Although MDS can transform into leukemia, most of the morbidity experienced by these patients is due to chronically low blood counts. Conventional cytotoxic agents used to treat MDS have yielded some encouraging results but are characterized by many adverse effects in the predominantly elderly patient population. Targeted interventions aimed at reversing the bone marrow failure and increasing the peripheral blood counts would be advantageous in this cohort of patients. Studies have demonstrated over-activated signaling of myelo-suppressive cytokines such as TGF-β, TNF-α and Interferons in MDS hematopoietic stem cells. Targeting these signaling cascades could be potentially therapeutic in MDS. The p38 MAP kinase pathway, which is constitutively activated in MDS, is an example of cytokine stimulated kinase that promotes aberrant apoptosis of stem and progenitor cells in MDS. ARRY-614 and SCIO-469 are p38 MAPK inhibitors that have been used in clinical trials and have shown activity in a subset of MDS patients. TGF-β signaling has been therapeutically targeted by small molecule inhibitor of the TGF-β receptor kinase, LY-2157299, with encouraging preclinical results. Apart from TGF-β receptor kinase inhibition, members of TGF-β super family and BMP ligands have also been targeted by ligand trap compounds like Sotatercept (ACE-011) and ACE-536. The multikinase inhibitor, ON-01910.Na (Rigosertib) has demonstrated early signs of efficacy in reducing the percentage of leukemic blasts and is in advanced stages of clinical testing. Temsirolimus, Deforolimus and other mTOR inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials and have shown preclinical efficacy in CMML. EGF receptor inhibitors, Erlotinib and Gefitinib have shown efficacy in small trials that may be related to off target effects. Cell cycle regulator inhibitors such as Farnesyl transferase inhibitors (Tipifarnib, Lonafarnib) and MEK inhibitor (GSK1120212) have shown acceptable toxicity profiles in small studies and efforts are underway to select mutational subgroups of MDS and AML that may benefit from these inhibitors. Altogether, these studies show that targeting various signal transduction pathways that regulate hematopoiesis offers promising therapeutic potential in this disease. Future studies in combination with high resolution correlative studies will clarify the subgroup specific efficacies of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohith Bachegowda
- Division of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, 110, E 210 Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Oleg Gligich
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
- Jacobi Medical Center, 1400 Pelham Pkwy S, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ionnis Mantzaris
- Division of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, 110, E 210 Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Carolina Schinke
- Division of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, 110, E 210 Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Dale Wyville
- Division of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, 110, E 210 Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Tatiana Carrillo
- Division of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, 110, E 210 Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Ira Braunschweig
- Division of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, 110, E 210 Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Amit Verma
- Division of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, 110, E 210 Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
- Medicine/Oncology, Developmental & Molecular Biology, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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20
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Kurata M, Suzuki S, Abe S, Onishi I, Kitagawa M. Bone marrow cell death and proliferation: Controlling mechanisms in normal and leukemic state. World J Hematol 2013; 2:1-5. [DOI: 10.5315/wjh.v2.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow cell death and proliferation are regulated by multiple factors including genetic and epigenetic alterations of hematopoietic cells, crosstalk of hematopoietic cells with bone marrow mesenchymal cells through direct cell-cell interaction or cytokine/chemokine production, vascularity of the bone marrow, and interactions of sympathetic nerve system with hematopoiesis. Cell proliferation usually predominates over cell death in neoplastic processes such as leukemia and myeloproliferative neoplasms, while apoptotic processes also have a significant role in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes. Recently, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemia stem cells (LSCs) have been identified and their characters on self renewal process, differentiation, cell dynamics and drug resistance have been implicated. Although most leukemia cells are initially sensitive to chemo- or radiotherapy, LSCs are resistant and considered to be the basis for disease relapse after initial response. HSCs and LSCs may use similar interactions with bone marrow microenvironment. However, bone marrow microenvironment called niche should influence the normal as well as malignant hematopoiesis in different manners. Recent studies have expanded the number of cell types constituting bone marrow niche and made the issue more complex. Since the majority of excellent and contributing studies on bone marrow niches have been performed in animal models, niches in human tissues are beginning to be localized and characterized. In this article, we summarize the relation of hematopoietic cells with niches and hope to point a hint to the novel strategy for treatment of malignant proliferation of hematopoietic cells.
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21
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Alteration in endoglin-related angiogenesis in refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53624. [PMID: 23341958 PMCID: PMC3547003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional mechanisms involved in angiogenesis and the potential role of endoglin (ENG), recently described as a new marker for this process, have not been explored in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS). In order to gain insight in MDS angiogenesis a combined analysis in bone marrow (BM) of gene expression levels, angiogenesis-related soluble factors and functional angiogenesis-related studies was carried out. Ninety-seven MDS patients and forty-two normal BM samples were studied. The morphology of the capillary-like structures originated by two endothelial cells lines in the BM environment of patients with refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) was different from those of the remaining MDS. In addition, the BM mononuclear cells from RCMD patients displayed over-expression of VEGF, HIF and FN1 while they showed reduced expression of ENG in contrast to the normal ENG expression of the remaining low-risk MDS and the high expression of ENG in high-risk MDS subtype. Moreover, higher soluble ENG and soluble FLT-1 levels in BM microenvironment were observed in RCMD cases, which distinguished them from other individuals. Therefore, the present study suggests that the patterns of angiogenesis are different between the MDS subtypes. The differences in angiogenesis observed in RCMD patients could be related to ENG abnormalities.
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22
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Carli C, Giroux M, Delisle JS. Roles of Transforming Growth Factor-β in Graft-versus-Host and Graft-versus-Tumor Effects. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012; 18:1329-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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Expression of the runt homology domain of RUNX1 disrupts homeostasis of hematopoietic stem cells and induces progression to myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood 2012; 120:4028-37. [PMID: 22919028 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-01-404533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of RUNX1 are detected in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In particular, C-terminal truncation mutations lack a transcription regulatory domain and have increased DNA binding through the runt homology domain. The expression of the runt homology domain, RUNX1(41-214), in mouse hematopoietic cells induced progression to MDS and acute myeloid leukemia. Analysis of premyelodysplastic animals found expansion of c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+)Lin(-) cells and skewed differentiation to myeloid at the expense of the lymphoid lineage. These abnormalities correlate with the phenotype of Runx1-deficient animals, as expected given the reported dominant-negative role of C-terminal mutations over the full-length RUNX1. However, MDS is not observed in Runx1-deficient animals. Gene expression profiling found that RUNX1(41-214) c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+)Lin(-) cells have an overlapping yet distinct gene expression profile from Runx1-deficient animals. Moreover, an unexpected parallel was observed between the hematopoietic phenotype of RUNX1(41-214) and aged animals. Genes deregulated in RUNX1(41-214), but not in Runx1-deficient animals, were inversely correlated with the aging gene signature of HSCs, suggesting that disruption of the expression of genes related to normal aging by RUNX1 mutations contributes to development of MDS. The data presented here provide insights into the mechanisms of development of MDS in HSCs by C-terminal mutations of RUNX1.
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Zhang J, Ma D, Ye J, Zang S, Lu F, Yang M, Qu X, Sun X, Ji C. Prognostic impact of δ-like ligand 4 and Notch1 in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:1503-11. [PMID: 22858860 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling plays a critical role in embryonic vascular development and tumor angiogenesis. The present study was conducted to investigate the prognostic role of the angiogenesis-related Notch ligand and the receptor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and assess whether their expression correlates with that of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin (Ang)-2. Bone marrow mononuclear cells from 60 untreated AML patients and 40 healthy controls were obtained. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the mRNA expression of δ-like ligand 4 (Dll4), Notch1, VEGF, VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, Ang-1, Ang-2 and Tie2. Western blot analysis was used to determine the protein levels of Dll4 and Notch1. The results demonstrated that Dll4, Notch1, VEGF, VEGFR-2 and Ang-2 expression were significantly higher in untreated AML patients than in the controls. Univariate analysis of factors associated with the overall survival showed a significantly shorter survival in patients with the unfavorable karyotype, higher Dll4 expression, higher Notch1 expression, higher VEGF expression or higher Ang-2 expression. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that the karyotype and expression levels of Notch1, Dll4, VEGF and Ang-2 were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Additionally, the prognostic value of Dll4 expression (but not Notch1) was more significant in the subgroup consisting of patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics. Subgroup analysis showed that Notch1 and Dll4 expression levels had a prognostic impact on patients with high VEGF or Ang-2 levels. Taken together, our data provide evidence that the activation of the Notch pathway may indicate an unfavorable prognosis in AML. In particular, Dll4 may be a relevant prognostic marker in intermediate-risk AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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Membrane Type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Its Upregulation by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α. Cancers (Basel) 2012; 4:743-62. [PMID: 24213464 PMCID: PMC3712719 DOI: 10.3390/cancers4030743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) has been implicated in tumor invasion, as well as trafficking of normal hematopoietic cells, and acts as a physiologic activator of proMMP-2. In this study we examined MT1-MMP expression in primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Because tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is known to be elevated in AML, we also investigated the effect of TNF-α on MT1-MMP expression. We found (i) MT1-MMP mRNA expression in 41 out of 43 primary AML samples tested; (ii) activation of proMMP-2 in co-cultures of AML cells with normal bone marrow stromal cells; and (iii) inhibition of proMMP-2 activation and trans-Matrigel migration of AML cells by gene silencing using MT1-MMP siRNA. Moreover, recombinant human TNF-α upregulated MT1-MMP expression in AML cells resulting in enhanced proMMP-2 activation and trans-Matrigel migration. Thus, AML cells express MT1-MMP and TNF-α enhances it leading to increased MMP-2 activation and most likely contributing to the invasive phenotype. We suggest that MT1-MMP, together with TNF-α, should be investigated as potential therapeutic targets in AML.
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Angiogenesis and Survival in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 18:681-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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High bone marrow angiopoietin-1 expression is an independent poor prognostic factor for survival in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:975-82. [PMID: 21878936 PMCID: PMC3185953 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiogenic factors have an essential role in normal and pathologic angiogenesis. However, the clinical implication of angiogenic factor expression in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we sought to investigate the prognostic impact of the expression of genes encoding angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), Ang-2, the receptor Tie2, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and VEGF-C in the bone marrow (BM) in 208 patients with newly diagnosed primary MDS. Results: BM Ang-1 expression was significantly higher in MDS patients, especially those with higher-risk subtypes, than in normal controls. With a median follow-up time of 32.9 months, the disease transformed to acute leukaemia more frequently in the patients bearing higher Ang-1 expression than in those with lower expression (31.5% vs 18.6%, P=0.023). The MDS patients with higher Ang-1 expression had shorter overall survival than those with lower expression (median 20.8±4.5 months vs 63.3±17.8 months, P<0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that higher Ang-1 expression was an independent unfavourable prognostic factor for overall survival. There was no impact of the expression of other angiogenic factors on survival. Conclusion: BM Ang-1 expression may serve as a new biomarker to predict clinical outcome in MDS patients.
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Ishibashi M, Tamura H, Ogata K. Disease progression mechanism in myelodysplastic syndromes: insight into the role of the microenvironment. Leuk Res 2011; 35:1449-52. [PMID: 21757231 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The somatic mutation theory proposing that a sequential accumulation of genetic abnormalities plays a major role in cancer pathogenesis has not yet been confirmed for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Meanwhile, recent data in some cancers has underscored the role of the microenvironment in tumor growth. MDS CD34+CD38- cells usually fail to repopulate after transplantation in mice, suggesting the importance of the microenvironment for MDS cells. Our recent data have provided a disease-progression model in which overproduction of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α in the microenvironment is the primary event. This causes B7-H1 molecule expression on MDS blasts, which generates a bifunctional signal inducing T-cell apoptosis and enhancing blast proliferation. The latter may provide more opportunity for developing secondary genetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Ishibashi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang XP, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang P. beta-Tryptase up-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression via proteinase-activated receptor-2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in bone marrow stromal cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:1550-8. [PMID: 20578818 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.496013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tryptases are predominantly mast cell-specific serine proteases with pleiotropic biological activities. Recently, significant amounts of tryptases have been shown to be produced by myeloblasts in certain patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but the function of secreted tryptases in pathological circumstances remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether beta-tryptase affects the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in AML. We detected the expression of proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) on AML BMSCs and found that beta-tryptase significantly up-regulated VEGF mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner by real-time PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Furthermore, beta-tryptase increased ERK1/2 and p38MAPK phosphorylation, and pretreatment with FLLSY-NH(2), PD98059, and SB230580 (PAR-2, ERK1/2, and p38MAPK inhibitors, respectively) inhibited the beta-tryptase-induced production of VEGF. These results suggest that beta-tryptase up-regulates VEGF production in AML BMSCs via the PAR-2, ERK1/2, and p38MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Peng Yang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayalew Tefferi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Oliveira WR, Ferreira GN, Rady PL, Festa C, Tyring SK. Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis Associated with Myelodysplastic Syndrome: An Intriguing Association. J Cutan Med Surg 2009; 13:317-20. [DOI: 10.2310/7750.2009.08049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by massive infection with human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and development of skin cancer. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a group of chronic conditions that involve dysplastic hematopoiesis, peripheral blood cytopenias, and a high incidence of progression into leukemia. Methods: We describe the intriguing association of these two premalignant conditions (EV and MDS) in one patient. These diagnoses were confirmed by histopathologic examination and cytogenetic abnormalities of bone marrow cells. Results: The patient presented initially with clinical features typical of EV and impairment of cell-mediated immunity. In the skin lesions, HPVs 23 and 25 were identified by nested polymerase chain reaction. Six years later, he had recurrent episodes of mucosal bleeding with fever, weakness, and fatigue. At this time, severe refractory anemia and neutropenia were observed, and bone marrow smears showed hypercellularity with abnormal dysplastic megakaryocytes. The cytogenetic pattern showed abnormalities involving trisomy of chromosomes 8 and 21. The patient received a diagnosis of the indolent subtype of MDS. Conclusions: Through the observation of our patient and review of the literature, we hypothesized that the pathomechanisms, including the role of oncogenes and cytokines, are connected to the progression to malignancy in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walmar R. Oliveira
- From the Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, and the Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Gustavo N. Ferreira
- From the Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, and the Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Peter L. Rady
- From the Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, and the Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Cyro Festa
- From the Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, and the Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Stephen K. Tyring
- From the Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, and the Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and Medical School, Houston, TX
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Ayala F, Dewar R, Kieran M, Kalluri R. Contribution of bone microenvironment to leukemogenesis and leukemia progression. Leukemia 2009; 23:2233-41. [PMID: 19727127 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment has a major role in cancer progression and resistance to treatment. The bone marrow (BM) is a dynamic network of growth factors, cytokines and stromal cells, providing a permissive environment for leukemogenesis and progression. Both BM stroma and leukemic blasts promote angiogenesis, which is increased in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor and angiopoietins are the main proangiogenic mediators in acute leukemia. Autocrine proleukemic loops have been described for VEGF and angiopoietin in hematopoietic cells. Interactions of stromal cells and extracellular matrix with leukemic blasts can also generate antiapoptotic signals that contribute to neoplastic progression and persistence of treatment-resistant minimal residual disease. High expression of CXC chemokine ligand 4 (CXCR4) by leukemic blasts and activation of the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis is involved in leukemia progression and disruption of normal hematopoiesis. Leukemia-associated bone microenvironment markers could be used as prognostic or predictive indicators of disease progression and/or treatment outcome. Studies related to bone microenvironment would likely provide a better understanding of the treatment resistance associated with leukemia therapy and design of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ayala
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
The chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (MF) are commonly associated with mutations in the Janus kinase gene JAK2. A hallmark of PV is an abundance of red blood cells; ET, too many platelets; and MF, accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes accompanied by bone marrow fibrosis and bone marrow failure. Although knowledge of PV, ET, and MF has expanded considerably in the last decade, the pathophysiology behind these disorders is complex, and some of the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. The knowledge gap for these diseases has been compounded by the observation that a subset of patients with PV, ET, and MF do not present with mutations that activate JAK2. Recent studies suggest JAK inhibitors may offer significant benefit to patients with these MPNs and may have a role in the treatment of other malignancies that are also driven, at least in part, by activation of JAK signaling. However, additional genetic and functional studies are needed to identify the patients that will benefit most from JAK kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross L Levine
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Konstantinou K, Yamamoto K, Ishibashi F, Mizoguchi Y, Kurata M, Nakagawa Y, Suzuki K, Sawabe M, Ohta M, Miyakoshi S, Crawley JT, Kitagawa M. Angiogenic mediators of the angiopoietin system are highly expressed by CD10-positive lymphoma cells in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2009; 144:696-704. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Differential responses of FLIPLong and FLIPShort-overexpressing human myeloid leukemia cells to TNF-alpha and TRAIL-initiated apoptotic signals. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:1660-72. [PMID: 18838202 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clonal marrow cells from patients with early myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) undergo apoptosis in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Cells from advanced MDS are resistant to TRAIL. Two isoforms of the Flice inhibitory protein (FLIP) short (FLIPS) and FLIP long (FLIPL), which modulate TRAIL signals, showed disease-stage-dependent differential regulation. Therefore, we aimed at characterizing potential differential effects of FLIPL and FLIPS, on TRAIL and TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in model leukemic cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using lentiviral constructs, FLIPL and FLIPS, as well as a green fluorescent protein control were overexpressed in ML-1 cells, which constitutively express very low levels of FLIP and are highly sensitive to apoptosis induction. Cells were then exposed to TRAIL or TNF-alpha, and effects on the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis induction were assessed. RESULTS Overexpression of FLIP reduced TRAIL and TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in ML-1 cells. However, while FLIPL completely abrogated apoptosis, FLIPS allowed for BID cleavage and caspase-3 activation. Concurrently, there was a decline of Bcl-xL and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in FLIPS cells followed by apoptosis. Further, inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in TNF-alpha-treated cells resulted in profound apoptosis in FLIPS, but not in FLIPL-overexpressing cells, consistent with the observations in patients with early stage MDS. Inhibition of NF-kappaB had only minimal effects on TRAIL signaling. CONCLUSION Thus, FLIPL and FLIPS exerted differential effects in myeloid leukemic cell lines in response to TRAIL and TNF-alpha. It might be possible to therapeutically exploit those differences with effector molecules specific for the FLIP isoforms.
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Bernasconi P. Molecular pathways in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia: relationships and distinctions-a review. Br J Haematol 2008; 142:695-708. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Nolte F, Hofmann WK. Myelodysplastic syndromes: molecular pathogenesis and genomic changes. Ann Hematol 2008; 87:777-95. [PMID: 18516602 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-008-0502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis presenting with peripheral cytopenias in combination with a hyperplastic bone marrow and an increased risk of evolution to acute myeloid leukemia. The classification systems such as the WHO classification mainly rely on morphological criteria and are supplemented by the International Prognostic Scoring System which takes cytogenetical changes into consideration when determining the prognosis of MDS but wide intra-subtype variations do exist. The pathomechanisms causing primary MDS require further work. Development and progression of MDS is suggested to be a multistep alteration to hematopoietic stem cells. Different molecular alterations have been described, affecting genes involved in cell-cycle control, mitotic checkpoints, and growth factor receptors. Secondary signal proteins and transcription factors, which gives the cell a growth advantage over its normal counterpart, may be affected as well. The accumulation of such defects may finally cause the leukemic transformation of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Nolte
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Charité, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
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Oh ST, Gotlib J. Antiangiogenic therapy in myelodysplastic syndromes: Is there a role? Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2008; 3:10-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11899-008-0003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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40
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Boveri E, Passamonti F, Rumi E, Pietra D, Elena C, Arcaini L, Pascutto C, Castello A, Cazzola M, Magrini U, Lazzarino M. Bone marrow microvessel density in chronic myeloproliferative disorders: a study of 115 patients with clinicopathological and molecular correlations. Br J Haematol 2007; 140:162-8. [PMID: 18028479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMD) include polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Angiogenesis is critical in the pathogenesis of PMF. We studied angiogenesis in 115 patients with CMD (23 PV, 24 ET, 46 PMF, 12 post-PV and 10 post-ET myelofibrosis) by assessment of microvessel density (MVD) in bone marrow (BM). Kruskall-Wallis analysis of variance showed that patients with PMF had significantly higher values of MVD than those with PV (P < 0.001), ET (P < 0.001) and controls (P < 0.001). Mann-Whitney U-test demonstrated that patients with PMF at the prefibrotic stage had significantly higher MVD values than those with ET (P = 0.02). Patients with post-PV myelofibrosis showed significantly higher MVD values than those with PV (P < 0.001), as did patients with post-ET myelofibrosis compared with ET (P < 0.001). In patients with CMD, the multivariate generalized linear regression model showed that the JAK2 (V617F) mutational burden (P = 0.01), serum lactate dehydrogenase level (P = 0.003), and anaemia (P < 0.001) independently correlated with MVD. In summary, this study indicates that assessment of BM angiogenesis, as measured by MVD, may be a useful additional tool in the histopathological definition of CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Boveri
- Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Pavia Medical School, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Release of angiopoietin-1 by primary human acute myelogenous leukemia cells is associated with mutations of nucleophosmin, increased by bone marrow stromal cells and possibly antagonized by high systemic angiopoietin-2 levels. Leukemia 2007; 22:287-93. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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