1
|
Mohapatra B, Pakala SB. Emerging roles of the chromatin remodeler MORC2 in cancer metabolism. Med Oncol 2024; 41:221. [PMID: 39117768 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, which is crucial for tumorigenesis. The highly deregulated chromatin remodeler MORC2 contributes to cell proliferation, invasion, migration, DNA repair, and chemoresistance. MORC2 also plays a key role in metabolic reprogramming, including lipogenesis, glucose, and glutamine metabolism. A recent study showed that MORC2-regulated glucose metabolism affects the expression of E-cadherin, a crucial protein in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This review discusses recent developments in MORC2 regulated cancer cell metabolism and its role in cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibhukalyan Mohapatra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Suresh B Pakala
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang S, Guo A, Wang H, Liu J, Dong C, Ren J, Wang G. Oncogenic MORC2 in cancer development and beyond. Genes Dis 2024; 11:861-873. [PMID: 37692502 PMCID: PMC10491978 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microrchidia CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) is a member of the MORC superfamily of nuclear proteins. Growing evidence has shown that MORC2 not only participates in gene transcription and chromatin remodeling but also plays a key in human disease and tumor development by regulating the expression of downstream oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The present review provides an updated overview of MORC2 in the aspect of cancer hallmark and therapeutic resistance and summarizes its upstream regulators and downstream target genes. This systematic review may provide a favorable theoretical basis for emerging players of MORC2 in tumor development and new insight into the potential clinical application of basic science discoveries in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ayao Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Chenshuang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Junyi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Guiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liang Y, Wu D, Qu Q, Li Z, Yin H. MORC4 plays a tumor-promoting role in colorectal cancer via regulating PCGF1/CDKN1A axis in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Gene Ther 2023:10.1038/s41417-023-00605-2. [PMID: 36932196 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
MORC family CW-type zinc finger 4 (MORC4) possessing nuclear matrix binding domains has been observed to be involved in multiple cancer development. By digging three gene expression omnibus (GEO) gene microarrays (GSE110223, GSE110224 and GSE24514), we found that MORC4 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) samples (log2 Fold change >1, p < 0.05). We aimed to investigate the role of MORC4 in CRC malignant behaviors, with an emphasis on polycomb group ring finger 1 (PCGF1)/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) axis. Firstly, we confirmed MORC4 as an upregulated gene in 60 pairs of frozen CRC and adjacent normal samples. MORC4 overexpression increased proliferation and metastasis, and decreased apoptosis in SW480 and HT29 cells, which was diminished by the knockdown of PCGF1, a transcriptional repressor of CDKN1A (a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor). MORC4 was further identified as a novel molecule that interacted with PCGF1 via coimmunoprecipitation. MORC4 itself did not substantially suppress CDKN1A transcriptional activity, but it augmented PCGF1's effect on CDKN1A. Additionally, MORC4 acted as the substrate of HECT, C2, and WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (HECW2) and was degraded through ubiquitin-proteasome system. Collectively, our work suggested that MORC4 accelerated CRC progression via governing PCGF1/CDKN1A signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiao Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhilong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongzhuan Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
An intersectional analysis of LncRNAs and mRNAs reveals the potential therapeutic targets of Bi Zhong Xiao Decoction in collagen-induced arthritis rats. Chin Med 2022; 17:110. [PMID: 36109779 PMCID: PMC9479270 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00670-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bi Zhong Xiao decoction (BZXD), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, has been used clinically for many years to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Both clinical and experimental studies have revealed that BZXD is effective in treating RA, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of efficacy of BZXD through transcriptomic analysis of lncRNA and mRNA. Methods The combination method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry was used to assess the quality of BZXD. The efficacy of BZXD in treating collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was evaluated by clinical assessment, weight changes, hematoxylin–eosin and safranin o-fast green staining, and Micro-CT. Arraystar rat lncRNA-mRNA chip technology was used to determine the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of the Control, CIA and BZXD groups, and to screen gene expression profiles related to the curative effect of BZXD. A lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed for the therapeutic efficacy genes. Through GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, the biological functions and signaling pathways of therapeutic efficacy genes were determined. Based on fold change and functional annotation, key differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were selected for reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) validation. The functions of lncRNAs targeting mRNAs were verified in vitro. Results We demonstrated that BZXD could effectively reverse bone erosion. After BZXD treatment, up to 33 lncRNAs and 107 mRNAs differentially expressed genes were reversely regulated by BZXD. These differentially expressed lncRNAs are mainly involved in the biological process of the immune response and are closely related to the ECM-receptor interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, Focal adhesion, Ras signaling pathway, Antigen processing and presentation, and Chemokine signaling pathway. We identified four lncRNAs (uc.361−, ENSRNOT00000092834, ENSRNOT00000089244, ENSRNOT00000084631) and three mRNAs (Acvr2a, Cbx2, Morc4) as potential therapeutic targets for BZXD and their microarray data consistent with the RT-qPCR. In vitro experiments confirmed that silencing the lncRNAs ENSRNOT00000092834 and ENSRNOT00000084631 reversed the expression of target mRNAs. Conclusions This study elucidates the possible mechanism of BZXD reversing bone erosion in CIA rats from the perspective of lncRNA and mRNA. To provide a basis and direction for further exploration of the mechanism of BZXD in treating RA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00670-z.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chutani N, Singh AK, Kadumuri RV, Pakala SB, Chavali S. Structural and Functional Attributes of Microrchidia Family of Chromatin Remodelers. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167664. [PMID: 35659506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin remodelers affect the spatio-temporal dynamics of global gene-expression by structurally modulating and/or reorganizing the chromatin. Microrchidia (MORC) family is a relatively new addition to the four well studied families of chromatin remodeling proteins. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the structural aspects of human MORCs as well as their epigenetic functions. From a molecular and systems-level perspective, we explore their participation in phase-separated structures, possible influence on various biological processes through protein-protein interactions, and potential extra-nuclear roles. We describe how dysregulation/dysfunction of MORCs can lead to various pathological conditions. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of undertaking integrated efforts to obtain a holistic understanding of the various biological roles of MORCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namita Chutani
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517 507, Andhra Pradesh, India. https://twitter.com/ChutaniNamita
| | - Anjali Kumari Singh
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517 507, Andhra Pradesh, India. https://twitter.com/anjali_k_s
| | - Rajashekar Varma Kadumuri
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517 507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Suresh B Pakala
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517 507, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Sreenivas Chavali
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517 507, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
MORC protein family-related signature within human disease and cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1112. [PMID: 34839357 PMCID: PMC8627505 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The microrchidia (MORC) family of proteins is a highly conserved nuclear protein superfamily, whose members contain common domain structures (GHKL-ATPase, CW-type zinc finger and coiled-coil domain) yet exhibit diverse biological functions. Despite the advancing research in previous decades, much of which focuses on their role as epigenetic regulators and in chromatin remodeling, relatively little is known about the role of MORCs in tumorigenesis and pathogenesis. MORCs were first identified as epigenetic regulators and chromatin remodelers in germ cell development. Currently, MORCs are regarded as disease genes that are involved in various human disorders and oncogenes in cancer progression and are expected to be the important biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. A new paradigm of expanded MORC family function has raised questions regarding the regulation of MORCs and their biological role at the subcellular level. Here, we systematically review the progress of researching MORC members with respect to their domain architectures, diverse biological functions, and distribution characteristics and discuss the emerging roles of the aberrant expression or mutation of MORC family members in human disorders and cancer development. Furthermore, the illustration of related mechanisms of the MORC family has made MORCs promising targets for developing diagnostic tools and therapeutic treatments for human diseases, including cancers.
Collapse
|
7
|
Desai VP, Chouaref J, Wu H, Pastor WA, Kan RL, Oey HM, Li Z, Ho J, Vonk KKD, San Leon Granado D, Christopher MA, Clark AT, Jacobsen SE, Daxinger L. The role of MORC3 in silencing transposable elements in mouse embryonic stem cells. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:49. [PMID: 34706774 PMCID: PMC8555065 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microrchidia proteins (MORCs) are involved in epigenetic gene silencing in a variety of eukaryotic organisms. Deletion of MORCs result in several developmental abnormalities and their dysregulation has been implicated in developmental disease and multiple cancers. Specifically, mammalian MORC3 mutations are associated with immune system defects and human cancers such as bladder, uterine, stomach, lung, and diffuse large B cell lymphomas. While previous studies have shown that MORC3 binds to H3K4me3 in vitro and overlaps with H3K4me3 ChIP-seq peaks in mouse embryonic stem cells, the mechanism by which MORC3 regulates gene expression is unknown. RESULTS In this study, we identified that mutation in Morc3 results in a suppressor of variegation phenotype in a Modifiers of murine metastable epialleles Dominant (MommeD) screen. We also find that MORC3 functions as an epigenetic silencer of transposable elements (TEs) in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Loss of Morc3 results in upregulation of TEs, specifically those belonging to the LTR class of retrotransposons also referred to as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Using ChIP-seq we found that MORC3, in addition to its known localization at H3K4me3 sites, also binds to ERVs, suggesting a direct role in regulating their expression. Previous studies have shown that these ERVs are marked by the repressive histone mark H3K9me3 which plays a key role in their silencing. However, we found that levels of H3K9me3 showed only minor losses in Morc3 mutant mES cells. Instead, we found that loss of Morc3 resulted in increased chromatin accessibility at ERVs as measured by ATAC-seq. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal MORC3 as a novel regulator of ERV silencing in mouse embryonic stem cells. The relatively minor changes of H3K9me3 in the Morc3 mutant suggests that MORC3 acts mainly downstream of, or in a parallel pathway with, the TRIM28/SETDB1 complex that deposits H3K9me3 at these loci. The increased chromatin accessibility of ERVs in the Morc3 mutant suggests that MORC3 may act at the level of chromatin compaction to effect TE silencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha P. Desai
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jihed Chouaref
- grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Haoyu Wu
- grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - William A. Pastor
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Present Address: Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649The Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Ryan L. Kan
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Harald M. Oey
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Zheng Li
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jamie Ho
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Kelly K. D. Vonk
- grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David San Leon Granado
- grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael A. Christopher
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,Present Address: Appia Bio, 6160 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, CA USA
| | - Amander T. Clark
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Steven E. Jacobsen
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Lucia Daxinger
- grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tencer AH, Cox KL, Wright GM, Zhang Y, Petell CJ, Klein BJ, Strahl BD, Black JC, Poirier MG, Kutateladze TG. Molecular mechanism of the MORC4 ATPase activation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5466. [PMID: 33122719 PMCID: PMC7596504 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Microrchidia 4 (MORC4) is associated with acute and chronic pancreatitis, inflammatory disorders and cancer but it remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we describe the structure-function relationship of MORC4 and define the molecular mechanism for MORC4 activation. Enzymatic and binding assays reveal that MORC4 has ATPase activity, which is dependent on DNA-binding functions of both the ATPase domain and CW domain of MORC4. The crystal structure of the ATPaseCW cassette of MORC4 and mutagenesis studies show that the DNA-binding site and the histone/ATPase binding site of CW are located on the opposite sides of the domain. The ATPase and CW domains cooperate in binding of MORC4 to the nucleosome core particle (NCP), enhancing the DNA wrapping around the histone core and impeding binding of DNA-associated proteins, such as transcription factors, to the NCP. In cells, MORC4 mediates formation of nuclear bodies in the nucleus and has a role in the progression of S-phase of the cell cycle, and both these functions require CW and catalytic activity of MORC4. Our findings highlight the mechanism for MORC4 activation, which is distinctly different from the mechanisms of action observed in other MORC family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Tencer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Khan L Cox
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gregory M Wright
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Christopher J Petell
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Brianna J Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brian D Strahl
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joshua C Black
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Michael G Poirier
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Identification of Genes Whose Expression Overlaps Age Boundaries and Correlates with Risk Groups in Paediatric and Adult Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102769. [PMID: 32992503 PMCID: PMC7650662 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To better understand whether acute myeloid leukaemia differs between children and adults, we have analysed the expression of genes in samples from both patient groups. Using previously published data, we compared gene expression between patient risk subgroups. We examined patients who had a poor chance of survival, based on clinical assessments, and those with a good chance of survival, to see whether there was any difference in the genes expressed in their leukaemic cells. Then we compared the genes on these lists between adults and children with acute myeloid leukaemia. We believe that patients with good or poor survival chances express genes that provide insights into how leukaemic cells behave. We hope that this work will provide new information about the mechanisms that underlie acute myeloid leukaemia and answer questions on the ways this form of leukaemia is similar in adults and children, which will then tell us whether the same treatments could be used for both age groups of patients. Abstract Few studies have compared gene expression in paediatric and adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). In this study, we have analysed mRNA-sequencing data from two publicly accessible databases: (1) National Cancer Institute’s Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (NCI-TARGET), examining paediatric patients, and (2) The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), examining adult patients with AML. With a particular focus on 144 known tumour antigens, we identified STEAP1, SAGE1, MORC4, SLC34A2 and CEACAM3 as significantly different in their expression between standard and low risk paediatric AML patient subgroups, as well as between poor and good, and intermediate and good risk adult AML patient subgroups. We found significant differences in event-free survival (EFS) in paediatric AML patients, when comparing standard and low risk subgroups, and quartile expression levels of BIRC5, MAGEF1, MELTF, STEAP1 and VGLL4. We found significant differences in EFS in adult AML patients when comparing intermediate and good, and poor and good risk adult AML patient subgroups and quartile expression levels of MORC4 and SAGE1, respectively. When examining Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) (2016) pathway data, we found that genes altered in AML were involved in key processes such as the evasion of apoptosis (BIRC5, WNT1) or the control of cell proliferation (SSX2IP, AML1-ETO). For the first time we have compared gene expression in paediatric AML patients with that of adult AML patients. This study provides unique insights into the differences and similarities in the gene expression that underlies AML, the genes that are significantly differently expressed between risk subgroups, and provides new insights into the molecular pathways involved in AML pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Luo J, Zeng S, Tian C. MORC4 Promotes Chemoresistance of Luminal A/B Breast Cancer via STAT3-Mediated MID2 Upregulation. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6795-6803. [PMID: 32764967 PMCID: PMC7367747 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s260509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose MORC4 has recently been characterized as a breast cancer-associated anti-apoptotic oncoprotein. In the current study, we explored its downstream regulation in luminal A/B breast tumors. Materials and Methods Bioinformatic prediction was performed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-breast cancer (BRCA). Cellular and molecular studies were conducted using luminal A/B representative MCF-7 and BT-474 cell lines. Results ENST00000355610.8 (encoding MORC4a isoform) was the dominant transcript in breast cancer. ChIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase assay confirmed two STAT3-binding sites in the MID2 promoter in both MCF-7 and BT-474 cells. Co-IP confirmed an interaction between MORC4 and STAT3. ChIP-qPCR data indicated that MORC4 inhibition led to remarkably decreased enrichment of the STAT3-binding MID2 promoter segments. MORC4 overexpression significantly elevated BCL-2 expression in MCF-7 cells and increased their resistance to adriamycin (ADM), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and cisplatin (DDP). MID2 inhibition largely abrogated MORC4-induced drug-resistance. However, the drug-resistant phenotype was rescued by overexpressing MID2-MT that was resistant to MID2 siRNA. Conclusion This study revealed a novel regulatory mechanism of MORC4 on MID2 expression via STAT3-mediated transcriptional activation. This regulatory axis might confer increased chemoresistance to breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyan Zeng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chanchani SR, Xie H, Sekhon G, Melikishvili AM, Moyer Harasink S, Pall H, Giampietro PF. A male infant with Xq22.2q22.3 duplication containing PLP1 and MID2. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1078. [PMID: 31951325 PMCID: PMC7057127 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Xq22.2 q23 is a complex genomic region which includes the genes MID2 and PLP1 associated with FG syndrome 5 and Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease, respectively. There is limited information regarding the clinical outcomes observed in patients with deletions within this region. Methods We report on a male infant with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) who developed head titubation and spasticity during his postnatal hospital course. Results Chromosome microarray revealed a 6.7 Mb interstitial duplication of Xq22.2q22.3. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the patient's mother also possessed the identical duplication in the Xq22.3q22.3 region. Among the 34 OMIM genes in this interval, the duplication of the PLP1 (OMIM# 300401) and MID2 (OMIM# 300204) appears to be the most significant contributors to the patient's clinical features. Mutations and duplications of PLP1 are associated with X‐linked recessive Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease (PMD). A single case of a Xq22.3 duplication including the MID2 has been reported in boy with features of FG syndrome. However, our patient's clinical features are not consistent with the FG syndrome phenotype. Conclusion Our patient's clinical features appear to be influenced by the PLP1 duplication but the clinical effect of other dosage sensitive genes influencing brain development cannot be ruled out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati R Chanchani
- Department of Pediatrics St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Tricore Reference Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | - Sue Moyer Harasink
- Department of Pediatrics St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harpreet Pall
- Department of Pediatrics St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Duan X, Guo G, Pei X, Wang X, Li L, Xiong Y, Qiu X. Baicalin Inhibits Cell Viability, Migration and Invasion in Breast Cancer by Regulating miR-338-3p and MORC4. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11183-11193. [PMID: 31908485 PMCID: PMC6930519 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s217101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Baicalin is a natural compound from the roots of Scutellaria lateriflora Georgi, which plays anti-cancer role in multiple cancers. However, the exact role and potential underlying mechanism of baicalin in breast cancer (BC) remain poorly understood. Methods Thirty BC patients were recruited in this study. MCF-10A, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were used to investigate the anti-cancer role of baicalin in vitro. Cell viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis were measured by MTT, trans-well and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression levels of microRNA-338-3p (miR-338-3p) and microrchidia family CW-type zinc-finger 4 (MORC4) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. The interaction between miR-338-3p and MORC4 was explored by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. Results We found that Baicalin treatment inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion but promoted apoptosis of BC cells. The expression of miR-338-3p was decreased in BC tissues and cells and miR-338-3p overexpression suppressed cell viability, migration and invasion but induced apoptosis. MiR-338-3p expression was reversed by baicalin exposure and inhibition of miR-338-3p attenuated the role of baicalin in viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion. MORC4 mRNA level was increased in BC tissues and cells, which was decreased by baicalin exposure. MORC4 was a target of miR-338-3p and its overexpression alleviated the effect of miR-338-3p on cell viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Conclusion In conclusion, baicalin suppressed cell viability, migration and invasion but promoted apoptosis in BC cells by regulating miR-338-3p and MORC4, indicating the promising pharmacological value of baicalin in BC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Duan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangcheng Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhong Pei
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Youyi Xiong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinguang Qiu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang Z, Zhuang Q, Hu G, Geng S. MORC4 is a novel breast cancer oncogene regulated by miR-193b-3p. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4634-4643. [PMID: 30320920 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of breast cancer pathogenesis would contribute to improved diagnosis and therapy and potentially decreased mortality rates. Here, we found that the MORC family CW-type zinc finger 4 (MORC4) overexpression in breast cancer tissues is associated with poor survival, and the short-interfering RNA knockdown of MORC4 suppresses the growth of breast cancer cells by promoting apoptosis. To investigate the mechanisms associated with MORC4 upregulation, microRNAs potentially targeting MORC4 were analyzed, with miR-193b-3p identified as the regulator and a negative correlation between miR-193b-3p and MORC4 expression determined in both breast cancer cell lines and tissues. Further analysis verified that MORC4 silencing did not affect miR-193b-3p expression, although altered miR-193b-3p expression attenuated MORC4 protein levels. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter assays verified miR-193b-3p binding to the 3' untranslated region of MORC4. Furthermore, restoration of miR-193b-3p expression in breast cancer cells led to decreased growth and activation of apoptosis, which was consistent with results associated with MORC4 silencing in breast cancer cells. These results identified MORC4 as differentially expressed in breast cancer cells and tissues and its downregulation by miR-193b-3p, as well as its roles in regulating the growth of breast cancer cells via regulation of apoptosis. Our findings offer novel insights into potential mechanisms associated with breast cancer pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi'ang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiulin Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangfu Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huangpu District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengkai Geng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mundorf A, Schmitz J, Güntürkün O, Freund N, Ocklenburg S. Methylation of MORC1: A possible biomarker for depression? J Psychiatr Res 2018; 103:208-211. [PMID: 29890506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
New findings identified the MORC1 gene as a link between early life stress and major depression. In this study, MORC1 methylation was investigated in 60 healthy human adults (30 women, 30 men) between 19 and 33 years of age. For analysis, DNA was isolated from buccal cells. The results show that DNA methylation in the MORC1 promoter region significantly correlates with the Beck Depression Inventory score in the examined non-clinical population. Sum score of birth complications, however, seems to correlate negatively with methylation. These findings further confirm that MORC1 is a stress sensitive gene and a possible biomarker for depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annakarina Mundorf
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Judith Schmitz
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department Biopsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department Biopsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadja Freund
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department Biopsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Y, Huang Y. Uncovering the mechanistic basis for specific recognition of monomethylated H3K4 by the CW domain of Arabidopsis histone methyltransferase SDG8. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6470-6481. [PMID: 29496997 PMCID: PMC5925821 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin consists of DNA and histones, and specific histone modifications that determine chromatin structure and activity are regulated by three types of proteins, called writer, reader, and eraser. Histone reader proteins from vertebrates, vertebrate-infecting parasites, and higher plants possess a CW domain, which has been reported to read histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4). The CW domain of Arabidopsis SDG8 (also called ASHH2), a histone H3 lysine 36 methyltransferase, preferentially binds monomethylated H3K4 (H3K4me1), unlike the mammalian CW domain protein, which binds trimethylated H3K4 (H3K4me3). However, the molecular basis of the selective binding by the CW domain of SDG8 (SDG8-CW) remains unclear. Here, we solved the 1.6-Å-resolution structure of SDG8-CW in complex with H3K4me1, which revealed that residues in the C-terminal α-helix of SDG8-CW determine binding specificity for low methylation levels at H3K4. Moreover, substitutions of key residues, specifically Ile-915 and Asn-916, converted SDG8-CW binding preference from H3K4me1 to H3K4me3. Sequence alignment and mutagenesis studies revealed that the CW domain of SDG725, the homolog of SDG8 in rice, shares the same binding preference with SDG8-CW, indicating that preference for low methylated H3K4 by the CW domain of ASHH2 homologs is conserved among higher-order plants. Our findings provide first structural insights into the molecular basis for specific recognition of monomethylated H3K4 by the H3K4me1 reader protein SDG8 from Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Science Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ying Huang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Science Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China, To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.:
86-20778200; Fax:
86-20778200; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Koch A, Kang HG, Steinbrenner J, Dempsey DA, Klessig DF, Kogel KH. MORC Proteins: Novel Players in Plant and Animal Health. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1720. [PMID: 29093720 PMCID: PMC5651269 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microrchidia (MORC) proteins comprise a family of proteins that have been identified in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They are defined by two hallmark domains: a GHKL-type ATPase and an S5 fold. MORC proteins in plants were first discovered via a genetic screen for Arabidopsis mutants compromised for resistance to a viral pathogen. Subsequent studies expanded their role in plant immunity and revealed their involvement in gene silencing and transposable element repression. Emerging data suggest that MORC proteins also participate in pathogen-induced chromatin remodeling and epigenetic gene regulation. In addition, biochemical analyses recently demonstrated that plant MORCs have topoisomerase II (topo II)-like DNA modifying activities that may be important for their function. Interestingly, animal MORC proteins exhibit many parallels with their plant counterparts, as they have been implicated in disease development and gene silencing. In addition, human MORCs, like plant MORCs, bind salicylic acid and this inhibits some of their topo II-like activities. In this review, we will focus primarily on plant MORCs, although relevant comparisons with animal MORCs will be provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Koch
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute for Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hong-Gu Kang
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Jens Steinbrenner
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute for Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Daniel F. Klessig
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniel F. Klessig
| | - Karl-Heinz Kogel
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute for Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Karl-Heinz Kogel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hong G, Qiu H, Wang C, Jadhav G, Wang H, Tickner J, He W, Xu J. The Emerging Role of MORC Family Proteins in Cancer Development and Bone Homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:928-934. [PMID: 27791268 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Microrchidia (MORC or MORC family CW-type zinc finger protein), a highly conserved nuclear protein superfamily, is an interesting new player in signaling-dependent chromatin remodeling and epigenetic regulation. MORC family proteins consist of MORC1, MORC2, MORC3, and MORC4 which display common structural determinants such as CW-type zinc finger and coiled-coil domains. They also exhibit unique structural motifs and tissue-specific expression profiles. MORC1 was first discovered as a key regulator for male meiosis and spermatogenesis. Accumulating biochemical and functional analyses unveil MORC proteins as key regulators for cancer development. More recently, using an ENU mutagenesis mouse model, MORC3 was found to play a role in regulating bone and calcium homeostasis. Here we discuss recent research progress on the emerging role of MORC proteins in cancer development and bone metabolism. Unravelling the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which MORC proteins carry out their functions in a tissue specific manner are important subjects for future investigation. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 928-934, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoju Hong
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Heng Qiu
- School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gaurav Jadhav
- School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Haibin Wang
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wei He
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiake Xu
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
MORC3, a Component of PML Nuclear Bodies, Has a Role in Restricting Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and Human Cytomegalovirus. J Virol 2016; 90:8621-33. [PMID: 27440897 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00621-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We previously reported that MORC3, a protein associated with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML NBs), is a target of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) ICP0-mediated degradation (E. Sloan, et al., PLoS Pathog 11:e1005059, 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005059). Since it is well known that certain other components of the PML NB complex play an important role during an intrinsic immune response to HSV-1 and are also degraded or inactivated by ICP0, here we further investigate the role of MORC3 during HSV-1 infection. We demonstrate that MORC3 has antiviral activity during HSV-1 infection and that this antiviral role is counteracted by ICP0. In addition, MORC3's antiviral role extends to wild-type (wt) human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, as its plaque-forming efficiency increased in MORC3-depleted cells. We found that MORC3 is recruited to sites associated with HSV-1 genomes after their entry into the nucleus of an infected cell, and in wt infections this is followed by its association with ICP0 foci prior to its degradation. The RING finger domain of ICP0 was required for degradation of MORC3, and we confirmed that no other HSV-1 protein is required for the loss of MORC3. We also found that MORC3 is required for fully efficient recruitment of PML, Sp100, hDaxx, and γH2AX to sites associated with HSV-1 genomes entering the host cell nucleus. This study further unravels the intricate ways in which HSV-1 has evolved to counteract the host immune response and reveals a novel function for MORC3 during the host intrinsic immune response. IMPORTANCE Herpesviruses have devised ways to manipulate the host intrinsic immune response to promote their own survival and persistence within the human population. One way in which this is achieved is through degradation or functional inactivation of PML NB proteins, which are recruited to viral genomes in order to repress viral transcription. Because MORC3 associates with PML NBs in uninfected cells and is a target for HSV-1-mediated degradation, we investigated the role of MORC3 during HSV-1 infection. We found that MORC3 is also recruited to viral HSV-1 genomes, and importantly it contributes to the fully efficient recruitment of PML, hDaxx, Sp100, and γH2AX to these sites. Depletion of MORC3 resulted in an increase in ICP0-null HSV-1 and wt HCMV replication and plaque formation; therefore, this study reveals that MORC3 is an antiviral factor which plays an important role during HSV-1 and HCMV infection.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Q, Song Y, Chen W, Wang X, Miao Z, Cao L, Li F, Wang G. By recruiting HDAC1, MORC2 suppresses p21 Waf1/Cip1 in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16461-70. [PMID: 26098774 PMCID: PMC4599282 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microrchidia (MORC) family CW-type zinc-finger 2 (MORC2) regulates chromatin remodeling during the DNA-damage response, represses gene transcription, promotes lipogenesis. Here, we found that MORC2 down-regulated p21 by recruiting HDAC1 to the p21 promoter, in a p53-independent manner. MORC2-mediated down-regulation of p21 in turn promoted cell cycle progression in gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, MORC2 expression correlated negatively with p21 expression in gastric tumors in patients. We suggest that MORC2 may be a potential therapeutic target in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanyan Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhifeng Miao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guiling Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Common Variants in CLDN2 and MORC4 Genes Confer Disease Susceptibility in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147345. [PMID: 26820620 PMCID: PMC4731142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified association with variants in X-linked CLDN2 and MORC4, and PRSS1-PRSS2 loci with chronic pancreatitis (CP) in North American patients of European ancestry. We selected 9 variants from the reported GWAS and replicated the association with CP in Indian patients by genotyping 1807 unrelated Indians of Indo-European ethnicity, including 519 patients with CP and 1288 controls. The etiology of CP was idiopathic in 83.62% and alcoholic in 16.38% of 519 patients. Our study confirmed a significant association of 2 variants in CLDN2 gene (rs4409525-OR 1.71, P = 1.38 x 10-09; rs12008279-OR 1.56, P = 1.53 x 10-04) and 2 variants in MORC4 gene (rs12688220-OR 1.72, P = 9.20 x 10-09; rs6622126-OR 1.75, P = 4.04x10-05) in Indian patients with CP. We also found significant association at PRSS1-PRSS2 locus (OR 0.60; P = 9.92 x 10-06) and SAMD12-TNFRSF11B (OR 0.49, 95% CI [0.31-0.78], P = 0.0027). A variant in the gene MORC4 (rs12688220) showed significant interaction with alcohol (OR for homozygous and heterozygous risk allele -14.62 and 1.51 respectively, P = 0.0068) suggesting gene-environment interaction. A combined analysis of the genes CLDN2 and MORC4 based on an effective risk allele score revealed a higher percentage of individuals homozygous for the risk allele in CP cases with 5.09 fold enhanced risk in individuals with 7 or more effective risk alleles compared with individuals with 3 or less risk alleles (P = 1.88 x 10-14). Genetic variants in CLDN2 and MORC4 genes were associated with CP in Indian patients.
Collapse
|
21
|
Rooney MS, Shukla SA, Wu CJ, Getz G, Hacohen N. Molecular and genetic properties of tumors associated with local immune cytolytic activity. Cell 2015; 160:48-61. [PMID: 25594174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2544] [Impact Index Per Article: 282.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
How the genomic landscape of a tumor shapes and is shaped by anti-tumor immunity has not been systematically explored. Using large-scale genomic data sets of solid tissue tumor biopsies, we quantified the cytolytic activity of the local immune infiltrate and identified associated properties across 18 tumor types. The number of predicted MHC Class I-associated neoantigens was correlated with cytolytic activity and was lower than expected in colorectal and other tumors, suggesting immune-mediated elimination. We identified recurrently mutated genes that showed positive association with cytolytic activity, including beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), HLA-A, -B and -C and Caspase 8 (CASP8), highlighting loss of antigen presentation and blockade of extrinsic apoptosis as key strategies of resistance to cytolytic activity. Genetic amplifications were also associated with high cytolytic activity, including immunosuppressive factors such as PDL1/2 and ALOX12B/15B. Our genetic findings thus provide evidence for immunoediting in tumors and uncover mechanisms of tumor-intrinsic resistance to cytolytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Rooney
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard/MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Sachet A Shukla
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cytosolic functions of MORC2 in lipogenesis and adipogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:316-26. [PMID: 24286864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microrchidia (MORC) family CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) has been shown to be involved in several nuclear processes, including transcription modulation and DNA damage repair. However, its cytosolic function remains largely unknown. Here, we report an interaction between MORC2 and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-citrate lyase (ACLY), an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetyl-coA and plays a central role in lipogenesis, cholesterogenesis, and histone acetylation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MORC2 promotes ACLY activation in the cytosol of lipogenic breast cancer cells and plays an essential role in lipogenesis, adipogenesis and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytic cells. Consistently, the expression of MORC2 is induced during the process of 3T3-L1 adipogenic differentiation and mouse mammary gland development at a stage of increased lipogenesis. This observation was accompanied by a high ACLY activity. Together, these results demonstrate a cytosolic function of MORC2 in lipogenesis, adipogenic differentiation, and lipid homeostasis by regulating the activity of ACLY.
Collapse
|
23
|
Söderman J, Norén E, Christiansson M, Bragde H, Thiébaut R, Hugot JP, Tysk C, O’Morain CA, Gassull M, Finkel Y, Colombel JF, Lémann M, Almer S. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the region of CLDN2-MORC4 in relation to inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:4935-4943. [PMID: 23946598 PMCID: PMC3740423 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i30.4935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate a possible genetic influence of claudin (CLDN)1, CLDN2 and CLDN4 in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease.
METHODS: Allelic association between genetic regions of CLDN1, CLDN2 or CLDN4 and patients with inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis were investigated using both a case-control study approach (one case randomly selected from each of 191 Swedish inflammatory bowel disease families and 333 controls) and a family-based study (463 non-Swedish European inflammatory bowel disease -families). A nonsynonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphism in MORC4, located on the same linkage block as CLDN2, was investigated for association, as were two novel CLDN2 single nucleotide polymorphism markers, identified by resequencing.
RESULTS: A single nucleotide polymorphism marker (rs12014762) located in the genetic region of CLDN2 was significantly associated to CD (case-control allelic OR = 1.98, 95%CI: 1.17-3.35, P = 0.007). MORC4 was present on the same linkage block as this CD marker. Using the case-control approach, a significant association (case control allelic OR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.08-2.41, P = 0.018) was found between CD and a nonsynonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphism (rs6622126) in MORC4. The association between the CLDN2 marker and CD was not replicated in the family-based study. Ulcerative colitis was not associated to any of the single nucleotide polymorphism markers.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that a variant of the CLDN2-MORC4 region predisposes to CD in a Swedish population.
Collapse
|
24
|
Li DQ, Nair SS, Kumar R. The MORC family: new epigenetic regulators of transcription and DNA damage response. Epigenetics 2013; 8:685-93. [PMID: 23804034 DOI: 10.4161/epi.24976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microrchidia (MORC) is a highly conserved nuclear protein superfamily with widespread domain architectures that intimately link MORCs with signaling-dependent chromatin remodeling and epigenetic regulation. Accumulating structural and biochemical evidence has shed new light on the mechanistic action and emerging role of MORCs as epigenetic regulators in diverse nuclear processes. In this Point of View, we focus on discussing recent advances in our understanding of the unique domain architectures of MORC family of chromatin remodelers and their potential contribution to epigenetic control of DNA template-dependent processes such as transcription and DNA damage response. Given that the deregulation of MORCs has been linked with human cancer and other diseases, further efforts to uncover the structure and function of MORCs may ultimately lead to the development of new approaches to intersect with the functionality of MORC family of chromatin remodeling proteins to correct associated pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Qiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Whitcomb DC, LaRusch J, Krasinskas AM, Klei L, Smith JP, Brand RE, Neoptolemos JP, Lerch MM, Tector M, Sandhu BS, Guda NM, Orlichenko L, Alkaade S, Amann ST, Anderson MA, Baillie J, Banks PA, Conwell D, Coté GA, Cotton PB, DiSario J, Farrer LA, Forsmark CE, Johnstone M, Gardner TB, Gelrud A, Greenhalf W, Haines JL, Hartman DJ, Hawes RA, Lawrence C, Lewis M, Mayerle J, Mayeux R, Melhem NM, Money ME, Muniraj T, Papachristou GI, Pericak-Vance MA, Romagnuolo J, Schellenberg GD, Sherman S, Simon P, Singh VK, Slivka A, Stolz D, Sutton R, Weiss FU, Wilcox CM, Zarnescu NO, Wisniewski SR, O'Connell MR, Kienholz ML, Roeder K, Barmada MM, Yadav D, Devlin B, Albert MS, Albin RL, Apostolova LG, Arnold SE, Baldwin CT, Barber R, Barnes LL, Beach TG, Beecham GW, Beekly D, Bennett DA, Bigio EH, Bird TD, Blacker D, Boxer A, Burke JR, Buxbaum JD, Cairns NJ, Cantwell LB, Cao C, Carney RM, Carroll SL, Chui HC, Clark DG, Cribbs DH, Crocco EA, Cruchaga C, DeCarli C, Demirci FY, Dick M, Dickson DW, Duara R, Ertekin-Taner N, Faber KM, Fallon KB, Farlow MR, Ferris S, Foroud TM, Frosch MP, Galasko DR, Ganguli M, Gearing M, Geschwind DH, Ghetti B, Gilbert JR, Gilman S, Glass JD, Goate AM, Graff-Radford NR, Green RC, Growdon JH, Hakonarson H, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Hamilton RL, Harrell LE, Head E, Honig LS, Hulette CM, Hyman BT, Jicha GA, Jin LW, Jun G, Kamboh MI, Karydas A, Kaye JA, Kim R, Koo EH, Kowall NW, Kramer JH, Kramer P, Kukull WA, LaFerla FM, Lah JJ, Leverenz JB, Levey AI, Li G, Lin CF, Lieberman AP, Lopez OL, Lunetta KL, Lyketsos CG, Mack WJ, Marson DC, Martin ER, Martiniuk F, Mash DC, Masliah E, McKee AC, Mesulam M, Miller BL, Miller CA, Miller JW, Montine TJ, Morris JC, Murrell JR, Naj AC, Olichney JM, Parisi JE, Peskind E, Petersen RC, Pierce A, Poon WW, Potter H, Quinn JF, Raj A, Raskind M, Reiman EM, Reisberg B, Reitz C, Ringman JM, Roberson ED, Rosen HJ, Rosenberg RN, Sano M, Saykin AJ, Schneider JA, Schneider LS, Seeley WW, Smith AG, Sonnen JA, Spina S, Stern RA, Tanzi RE, Trojanowski JQ, Troncoso JC, Tsuang DW, Valladares O, Van Deerlin VM, Van Eldik LJ, Vardarajan BN, Vinters HV, Vonsattel JP, Wang LS, Weintraub S, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Williamson J, Woltjer RL, Wright CB, Younkin SG, Yu CE, Yu L. Common genetic variants in the CLDN2 and PRSS1-PRSS2 loci alter risk for alcohol-related and sporadic pancreatitis. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1349-54. [PMID: 23143602 PMCID: PMC3510344 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is a complex, progressively destructive inflammatory disorder. Alcohol was long thought to be the primary causative agent, but genetic contributions have been of interest since the discovery that rare PRSS1, CFTR and SPINK1 variants were associated with pancreatitis risk. We now report two associations at genome-wide significance identified and replicated at PRSS1-PRSS2 (P < 1 × 10(-12)) and X-linked CLDN2 (P < 1 × 10(-21)) through a two-stage genome-wide study (stage 1: 676 cases and 4,507 controls; stage 2: 910 cases and 4,170 controls). The PRSS1 variant likely affects disease susceptibility by altering expression of the primary trypsinogen gene. The CLDN2 risk allele is associated with atypical localization of claudin-2 in pancreatic acinar cells. The homozygous (or hemizygous in males) CLDN2 genotype confers the greatest risk, and its alleles interact with alcohol consumption to amplify risk. These results could partially explain the high frequency of alcohol-related pancreatitis in men (male hemizygote frequency is 0.26, whereas female homozygote frequency is 0.07).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Whitcomb
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica LaRusch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Krasinskas
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lambertus Klei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jill P. Smith
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Randall E. Brand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John P. Neoptolemos
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matt Tector
- Aurora Health Care System, St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bimaljit S. Sandhu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nalini M. Guda
- Aurora Health Care System, St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lidiya Orlichenko
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Samer Alkaade
- Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - John Baillie
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter A. Banks
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darwin Conwell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory A. Coté
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Peter B. Cotton
- Digestive Disease Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - James DiSario
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- A full list of members and affiliations appears at the end of this paper, Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium
- Department of Medicine/Biomedical Genetics Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chris E. Forsmark
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marianne Johnstone
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Andres Gelrud
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Greenhalf
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- A full list of members and affiliations appears at the end of this paper, Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Vanderbilt Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Douglas J. Hartman
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert A. Hawes
- Digestive Disease Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher Lawrence
- Digestive Disease Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michele Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Richard Mayeux
- A full list of members and affiliations appears at the end of this paper, Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nadine M. Melhem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Thiruvengadam Muniraj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University and Griffin Hospital, Derby, Connecticut, USA
| | - Georgios I. Papachristou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- A full list of members and affiliations appears at the end of this paper, Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph Romagnuolo
- Digestive Disease Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- A full list of members and affiliations appears at the end of this paper, Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stuart Sherman
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Peter Simon
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vijay K. Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Slivka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Frank Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - C. Mel Wilcox
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Narcis Octavian Zarnescu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen R. Wisniewski
- Department of Epidemiology, Epidemiology Data Center, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Michael R. O'Connell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle L. Kienholz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathryn Roeder
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marilyn S. Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roger L. Albin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System (VAAAHS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Liana G. Apostolova
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven E. Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clinton T. Baldwin
- Department of Medicine (Genetics Program), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Barber
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas G. Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Gary W. Beecham
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Duane Beekly
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eileen H. Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas D. Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deborah Blacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam Boxer
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James R. Burke
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph D. Buxbaum
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nigel J. Cairns
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Laura B. Cantwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Regina M. Carney
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steven L. Carroll
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Helena C. Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David G. Clark
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David H. Cribbs
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Crocco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry and Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - F. Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Malcolm Dick
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Nilufer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Kelley M. Faber
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Fallon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Martin R. Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Steven Ferris
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tatiana M. Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew P. Frosch
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas R. Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mary Ganguli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Alzheimer's Disease Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Neurogenetics Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indian, USA
| | - John R. Gilbert
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sid Gilman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Alison M. Goate
- Department of Psychiatry and Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Neill R. Graff-Radford
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert C. Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine and Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John H. Growdon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kara L. Hamilton-Nelson
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ronald L. Hamilton
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lindy E. Harrell
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lawrence S. Honig
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Bradley T. Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory A. Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Gyungah Jun
- Department of Medicine (Genetics Program), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M. Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ronald Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Edward H. Koo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Neil W. Kowall
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Department of Neuropsychology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Patricia Kramer
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Walter A. Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Frank M. LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - James J. Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James B. Leverenz
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Allan I. Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chiao-Feng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Oscar L. Lopez
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Wendy J. Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel C. Marson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Eden R. Martin
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Frank Martiniuk
- Department of Medicine - Pulmonary, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deborah C. Mash
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ann C. McKee
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marsel Mesulam
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carol A. Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua W. Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas J. Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jill R. Murrell
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indian, USA
| | - Adam C. Naj
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - John M. Olichney
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Joseph E. Parisi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elaine Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ronald C. Petersen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Aimee Pierce
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Wayne W. Poon
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Huntington Potter
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ashok Raj
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Murray Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric M. Reiman
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Barry Reisberg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - John M. Ringman
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Erik D. Roberson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Howard J. Rosen
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Roger N. Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mary Sano
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lon S. Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William W. Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amanda G. Smith
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Joshua A. Sonnen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indian, USA
| | - Robert A. Stern
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juan C. Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Debby W. Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Otto Valladares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vivianna M. Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Linda J. Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Badri N. Vardarajan
- Department of Medicine (Genetics Program), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harry V. Vinters
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jean Paul Vonsattel
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Williamson
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Randall L. Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Clinton B. Wright
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
[Detecting selection signatures on X chromosome in pig through high density SNPs]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2012; 34:1251-60. [PMID: 23099781 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2012.01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the process of domestic pig breeding, many important economic traits were subject to strong artificial se-lection pressure. With the availability of high density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in farm animals, selection occurring in those traits could be traced by detecting selection signatures on genome, and the genes experiencing selection can also be further mined based on selection signatures. Due to the special characteristic of X chromosome, many approaches of genetic analysis fitted for autosome are not plausible for X chromosome. Fortunately, detecting selection signature provides an effective tool to settle such situation. In this study, the Cross Population Extend Haplotype Homozygosity Test (XP-EHH) was implemented to identify selection signatures on chromosome X in three pig breeds (Landrace, Songliao, and Yorkshire) using high density SNPs, and the genes located within selection signature regions were revealed through bioinformatic analysis. In total, 29, 13, and 15 selection signature regions, with 3.59, 4.92, and 4.07 SNPs on average in each region, were identified in Landrace, Songliao, and Yorkshire, respectively. Some overlaps of selection signature regions were observed between Songliao and Landrace, and between Landrace and Yorkshire, while no overlaps between Yorkshire and Songliao were found. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that many genes in the selection signature regions were related to reproduction and immune traits, and some of them have not been reported in pigs, which might serve as important candidate genes in future study.
Collapse
|
27
|
Hoppmann V, Thorstensen T, Kristiansen PE, Veiseth SV, Rahman MA, Finne K, Aalen RB, Aasland R. The CW domain, a new histone recognition module in chromatin proteins. EMBO J 2011; 30:1939-52. [PMID: 21522130 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of the N-terminal histone tails, including lysine methylation, have key roles in regulation of chromatin and gene expression. A number of protein modules have been identified that recognize differentially modified histone tails and provide their proteins with the capacity to sense such modifications. Here, we identify the CW domain of plant and animal chromatin-related proteins as a novel module that recognizes different methylated states of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me). The solution structure of the CW domain of the Arabidopsis ASH1 HOMOLOG2 (ASHH2) histone methyltransferase provides insight into how different CW domains can distinguish different methylated histone tails. We provide evidence that ASHH2 is acting on H3K4me-marked genes, allowing for ASHH2-dependent H3K36 tri-methylation, which contributes to sustained expression of tissue-specific and developmentally regulated genes. This suggests that ASHH2 is a combined 'reader' and 'writer' of the histone code. We propose that different CW domains, dependent on their specificity for different H3K4 methylations, are important for epigenetic memory or participate in switching between permissive and repressive chromatin states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Hoppmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang GL, Wang CY, Cai XZ, Chen W, Wang XH, Li F. Identification and expression analysis of a novel CW-type zinc finger protein MORC2 in cancer cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:1002-9. [PMID: 20225202 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microrchidia2 (MORC2) is a member of the MORC protein family that is localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm when transiently expressed in gastric cancer cells. We identified and analyzed the functional domains of MORC2, which has specific unique structural characteristics compared to the other MORC proteins. Our data showed that nuclear localization signals (NLS) of MORC2 was mainly dependent on the NLS amino acids (aa) 657-781 and cytoplasmic localization of MORC2 was attributed to the nuclear export signal (NES) aa 481-657. Moreover, the NLS appears to predominate over the NES in the localization of full-length human MORC2 indicating that MORC2 is localized mainly in the nucleus. Our results also demonstrated that the NLS (aa 657-781) and proline-rich domain within MORC2 C-terminus were required for the transcriptional repressive role in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ling Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shao Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Liu D, Liu F, Zhao Y, Shen T, Li F. Involvement of histone deacetylation in MORC2-mediated down-regulation of carbonic anhydrase IX. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:2813-24. [PMID: 20110259 PMCID: PMC2875037 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) plays an important role in the growth and survival of tumor cells. MORC2 is a member of the MORC protein family. The MORC proteins contain a CW-type zinc finger domain and are predicted to have the function of regulating transcription, but no MORC2 target genes have been identified. Here we performed a DNA microarray hybridization and found CAIX mRNA to be down-regulated 8-fold when MORC2 was overexpressed. This result was further confirmed by northern and western blot analysis. Our results also showed that the protected region 4 (PR4) was important for the repression function of MORC2. Moreover, MORC2 decreased the acetylation level of histone H3 at the CAIX promoter. Meanwhile, trichostatin A (TSA) had an increasing effect on CAIX promoter activity. Among the six HDACs tested, histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) had a much more prominent effect on CAIX repression. ChIP and ChIP Re-IP assays showed that MORC2 and HDAC4 were assembled on the same region of the CAIX promoter. Importantly, we further confirmed that both proteins are simultaneously present in the PR4-binding complex. These results may contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms of CAIX regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangguang Shao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|