1
|
Reis IL, Lopes B, Sousa P, Sousa AC, Rêma A, Caseiro AR, Briote I, Rocha AM, Pereira JP, Mendonça CM, Santos JM, Lamas L, Atayde LM, Alvites RD, Maurício AC. Case report: Equine metacarpophalangeal joint partial and full thickness defects treated with allogenic equine synovial membrane mesenchymal stem/stromal cell combined with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cell conditioned medium. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1403174. [PMID: 38840629 PMCID: PMC11150641 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1403174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a case of a 5-year-old show-jumping stallion presented with severe lameness, swelling, and pain on palpation of the left metacarpophalangeal joint (MCj). Diagnostic imaging revealed full and partial-thickness articular defects over the lateral condyle of the third metacarpus (MC3) and the dorsolateral aspect of the first phalanx (P1). After the lesion's arthroscopic curettage, the patient was subjected to an innovative regenerative treatment consisting of two intra-articular injections of equine synovial membrane mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (eSM-MSCs) combined with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells conditioned medium (UC-MSC CM), 15 days apart. A 12-week rehabilitation program was accomplished, and lameness, pain, and joint effusion were remarkably reduced; however, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scan presented incomplete healing of the MC3's lesion, prompting a second round of treatment. Subsequently, the horse achieved clinical soundness and returned to a higher level of athletic performance, and imaging exams revealed the absence of lesions at P1, fulfillment of the osteochondral lesion, and cartilage-like tissue formation at MC3's lesion site. The positive outcomes suggest the effectiveness of this combination for treating full and partial cartilage defects in horses. Multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and their bioactive factors compose a novel therapeutic approach for tissue regeneration and organ function restoration with anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative impact through paracrine mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I. L. Reis
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal
- Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra, Gandra, Portugal
| | - B. Lopes
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P. Sousa
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A. C. Sousa
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A. Rêma
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A. R. Caseiro
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Avenida José R. Sousa Fernandes, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I. Briote
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal
- Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Vairão, Portugal
| | - A. M. Rocha
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal
- Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Vairão, Portugal
| | - J. P. Pereira
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal
- Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Vairão, Portugal
| | - C. M. Mendonça
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal
- Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Vairão, Portugal
| | - J. M. Santos
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L. Lamas
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- CIISA—Centro Interdisciplinar-Investigação em Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Av. Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L. M. Atayde
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal
- Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Vairão, Portugal
| | - R. D. Alvites
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal
- Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra, Gandra, Portugal
| | - A. C. Maurício
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisboa, Portugal
- Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Vairão, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reis IL, Lopes B, Sousa P, Sousa AC, Caseiro AR, Mendonça CM, Santos JM, Atayde LM, Alvites RD, Maurício AC. Equine Musculoskeletal Pathologies: Clinical Approaches and Therapeutical Perspectives-A Review. Vet Sci 2024; 11:190. [PMID: 38787162 PMCID: PMC11126110 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal injuries such as equine osteoarthritis, osteoarticular defects, tendonitis/desmitis, and muscular disorders are prevalent among sport horses, with a fair prognosis for returning to exercise or previous performance levels. The field of equine medicine has witnessed rapid and fruitful development, resulting in a diverse range of therapeutic options for musculoskeletal problems. Staying abreast of these advancements can be challenging, prompting the need for a comprehensive review of commonly used and recent treatments. The aim is to compile current therapeutic options for managing these injuries, spanning from simple to complex physiotherapy techniques, conservative treatments including steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hyaluronic acid, polysulfated glycosaminoglycans, pentosan polysulfate, and polyacrylamides, to promising regenerative therapies such as hemoderivatives and stem cell-based therapies. Each therapeutic modality is scrutinized for its benefits, limitations, and potential synergistic actions to facilitate their most effective application for the intended healing/regeneration of the injured tissue/organ and subsequent patient recovery. While stem cell-based therapies have emerged as particularly promising for equine musculoskeletal injuries, a multidisciplinary approach is underscored throughout the discussion, emphasizing the importance of considering various therapeutic modalities in tandem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês L. Reis
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Bruna Lopes
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Sousa
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Sousa
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Caseiro
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Veterinary Sciences Department, University School Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Avenida José R. Sousa Fernandes, Lordemão, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
- Vasco da Gama Research Center (CIVG), University School Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Avenida José R. Sousa Fernandes, Lordemão, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla M. Mendonça
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Rua da Braziela n° 100, 4485-144 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Jorge M. Santos
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís M. Atayde
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Rua da Braziela n° 100, 4485-144 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Rui D. Alvites
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Maurício
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.R.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.M.); (J.M.S.); (L.M.A.); (R.D.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Campus Agrário de Vairão, Centro Clínico de Equinos de Vairão (CCEV), Rua da Braziela n° 100, 4485-144 Vairão, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seyedi Z, Amiri MS, Mohammadzadeh V, Hashemzadeh A, Haddad-Mashadrizeh A, Mashreghi M, Qayoomian M, Hashemzadeh MR, Simal-Gandara J, Taghavizadeh Yazdi ME. Icariin: A Promising Natural Product in Biomedicine and Tissue Engineering. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:44. [PMID: 36662090 PMCID: PMC9862744 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Among scaffolds used in tissue engineering, natural biomaterials such as plant-based materials show a crucial role in cellular function due to their biocompatibility and chemical indicators. Because of environmentally friendly behavior and safety, green methods are so important in designing scaffolds. A key bioactive flavonoid of the Epimedium plant, Icariin (ICRN), has a broad range of applications in improving scaffolds as a constant and non-immunogenic material, and in stimulating the cell growth, differentiation of chondrocytes as well as differentiation of embryonic stem cells towards cardiomyocytes. Moreover, fusion of ICRN into the hydrogel scaffolds or chemical crosslinking can enhance the secretion of the collagen matrix and proteoglycan in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. To scrutinize, in various types of cancer cells, ICRN plays a decisive role through increasing cytochrome c secretion, Bax/Bcl2 ratio, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase as well as caspase stimulations. Surprisingly, ICRN can induce apoptosis, reduce viability and inhibit proliferation of cancer cells, and repress tumorigenesis as well as metastasis. Moreover, cancer cells no longer grow by halting the cell cycle at two checkpoints, G0/G1 and G2/M, through the inhibition of NF-κB by ICRN. Besides, improving nephrotoxicity occurring due to cisplatin and inhibiting multidrug resistance are the other applications of this biomaterial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Seyedi
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Royesh Stem Cell Biotechnology Institute, Mashhad 9188758156, Iran
- Department of Cancer and Oncology, Royesh Stem Cell Biotechnology Institute, Mashhad 9188758156, Iran
| | | | - Vahideh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91778, Iran
| | - Alireza Hashemzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91778, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Haddad-Mashadrizeh
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mashreghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91778, Iran
| | - Mohsen Qayoomian
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91778, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hashemzadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Royesh Stem Cell Biotechnology Institute, Mashhad 9188758156, Iran
- Department of Cancer and Oncology, Royesh Stem Cell Biotechnology Institute, Mashhad 9188758156, Iran
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cicek M, Unsal V, Emre A, Doganer A. Investigation of the Effects of Apigenin, a Possible Therapeutic Agent, on Cytotoxic and SWH Pathway in Colorectal Cancer (HT29) Cells. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:188-195. [PMID: 36721804 PMCID: PMC9871274 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and fatal malignancies in humans, still leading to serious morbidity and mortality. We here aimed to investigate the effects of flavonoid apigenin, which is considered to have anti-tumoral activity on CRC with high epidemiological prevalence, on cell proliferation and cell survivals, and the positive and negative dose-dependent effects of genetic or mutational alterations in SWH pathway components on HT29 CRC cell lines. Methods: Human colon cancer cell lines HT-29 were commercially available. In each flask, 5 groups were formed, each of which consists of 5,000 cells for different dose groups and the cells were plated. After a 24 and 48 h incubation period, cytotoxicity values were measured by MTT assay and gene expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis method. Results: Application of 12.5 and 25 nM of apigenin significantly increased cell death in HT29 cell lines. LATS1, STK3 and TP53 gene expression decreased in the same dose groups compared to control and other groups. Conclusion: It has been concluded that TP53 gene is strongly correlated with LATS1 and STK3 genes among the SWH pathway factors in the progression of CRC and could be used as an important marker for early detection of malignant transmission. In addition, it may be effective in CRC cases especially when 25 nM of apigenin applies for therapeutic purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Cicek
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Velid Unsal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Mardin Artuklu University, 47200, Mardin, Turkey.,Corresponding Author: Velid Unsal, Tel: (0482) 2134002,
| | - Arif Emre
- Department of Surgery, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, 46100, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Adem Doganer
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, 46100, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bone regeneration of canine artificial alveolar clefts using bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and β-tricalcium phosphate: A preliminary study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.odw.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
6
|
Gentile P, Cervelli V. Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma: Basic and Clinical Implications for Tissue Engineering Therapies in Regenerative Surgery. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1773:107-122. [PMID: 29687384 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7799-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine offer a paradigm shift in regard to various diseases causing loss of substance or volume and tissue or organ damage. Recently, many authors have focused their attention on mesenchymal stem cells for their capacity to differentiate into many cell lineages. The most widely studied types are bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs), which display similar results. Based on the literature, we believe that the ADSCs offer advantages because of lower morbidity during the harvesting procedure. Additionally, platelet-rich plasma can be used in this field for its ability to stimulate tissue regeneration. The aim of this chapter is to describe ADSC preparation and isolation procedures, preparation of platelet-rich plasma, and the application of ADSCs in regenerative plastic surgery. We also discuss the mechanisms and future role of ADSCs in cell-based therapy and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gentile
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy. .,Catholic University, Tirane, Albania.
| | - Valerio Cervelli
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Çiçek M, Tumer MK. Yeni Bir Hemostatik Ajan Olan Mecsina Hemostopper® ‘ın Farklı Testlerle Sitotoksisitesinin Değerlendirilip, Kalvarial Osteoblast Proliferasyonuna Etkisinin Araştırılması. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.457247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
8
|
Zhao L, Kaye AD, Kaye AJ, Abd-Elsayed A. Stem Cell Therapy for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: Current Trends and Comprehensive Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2018; 22:41. [DOI: 10.1007/s11916-018-0700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
9
|
Characterisation and immunosuppressive activity of human cartilage-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1037-1050. [PMID: 29497876 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert potent immuno-regulatory activities on various immune cells and also differentiate into various mesodermal lineages besides retaining a distinct self-renewal ability. Such exclusive characteristics had enabled MSCs to be recognised as an ideal source for cell-based treatment in regenerative medicine and immunotherapy. Thus, considering MSCs for treating degenerative disease of organs with limited regenerative potential such as cartilage would serve as an ideal therapy. This study explored the feasibility of generating human cartilage-derived MSCs (hC-MSCs) from sports injured patients and characterised based on multipotent differentiation and immunosuppressive activities. Cartilage tissues harvested from a non-weight bearing region during an arthroscopy procedure were used to generate MSCs. Despite the classic morphology of fibroblast-like cells and a defined immunophenotyping, MSCs expressed early embryonic transcriptional markers (SOX2, REX1, OCT4 and NANOG) and differentiated into chondrocytes, adipocytes and osteocytes when induced accordingly. Upon co-culture with PHA-L activated T-cells, hC-MSCs suppressed the proliferation of the T-cells in a dose-dependent manner. Although, hC-MSCs did not alter the activation profile of T cells significantly, yet prevented the entering of activated T cells into S phase of the cell cycle by cell cycle arrest. The present study has strengthened the evidence of tissue-resident mesenchymal stem cells in human cartilage tissue. The endogenous MSCs could be an excellent tool in treating dysregulated immune response that associated with cartilage since hC-MSCs exerted both immunosuppressive and regenerative capabilities.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang G, Cheng X, Zhou G, Xue H, Shao S, Wang Z. New pathway of icariin-induced MSC osteogenesis: transcriptional activation of TAZ/Runx2 by PI3K/Akt. Open Life Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2017-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIcariin has been demonstrated to stimulate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogensis and activate several signals, such as PI3K/Akt, but how the osteogenesis was sequentially mediated is unclear. Runx2 is one of the osteogenic regulators in MSC and is regulated by the TAZ gene. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether icariin-activated PI3K/Akt crosstalked with the TAZ-Runx2 pathway to regulate MSC osteogenesis. Adipose-derived MSCs were treated with icariin alone, together with TAZ silencing or PI3K/Akt inhibitor. Normal MSCs were used as a control. The activation of PI3K/Akt, expression of TAZ and downstream expression of Runx2 were analyzed. Induction of MSC osteogenesis under different treatments was detected. The results demonstrated that icariin treatment significantly activated PI3K/Akt and TAZ expression, as well as the downstream Runx2 expression. When activation of PI3K/Akt by icariin was inhibited by LY294002, upregulated TAZ expression was reversed, as well as the downstream expression of Runx2. Consequently, with the osteogenic counteracting effects of icariin on MSCs, inhibition of TAZ upregulation by siRNA did not significantly influence PI3K/ Akt activation in icariin-treated MSCs, but icariin-induced upregulation of Runx2 and osteogenic differentiation in MSCs was counteracted. It could be concluded from these findings that icariin treatment activated PI3K/Akt and further mediated the transcriptional activation of the TAZ/Runx2 pathway to induce osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 28 Fuxing Road, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Departmemt of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gongshe Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Center Hospital of Zhoukou, Henan Province, China
| | - Huimin Xue
- The Third People’s Hospital of Jinan. 1 North Industrial Road, Wangsheren North Street, Jinan 250132, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shan Shao
- The Third People’s Hospital of Jinan. 1 North Industrial Road, Wangsheren North Street, Jinan 250132, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 28 Fuxing Road, 100853, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Regulation of ADSC Osteoinductive Potential Using Notch Pathway Inhibition and Gene Rescue: A Potential On/Off Switch for Clinical Applications in Bone Formation and Reconstructive Efforts. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 138:642e-652e. [PMID: 27673535 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000002551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there has been tremendous research in the ability of mesenchymal-derived adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) to form bone, less is known regarding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the osteogenic potential of ADSCs. Notch, which consists of a key family of regulatory ligands involved in bone formation, is expressed in the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell niche and is critical for proliferation, migration, and ultimately osseous differentiation. The authors investigate how Notch impacts ADSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation to determine a translatable application of these cells in bone regeneration. METHODS Enriched ADSC populations were isolated from tissue and examined for their ability to respond to Notch pathway signaling events. Proliferation, viability, extracellular matrix deposition, and osteoinduction were assessed following Notch activation and inhibition. Notch pathway rescue was conducted using a lentiviral vector encoding a downstream Notch-1 intracellular domain (NICD). RESULTS Proliferation, osteogenic induction, and the ability to form bone elements were reduced following Notch inhibition (p < 0.05). However, ADSCs, while in the presence of the Notch inhibition, were able to be rescued following lentiviral transduction with NICD, restoring osteogenic potential at both the molecular and cellular functional levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a potential translatable "on/off switch," using endogenous Notch signaling to regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and osteogenic potential of ADSCs. Although Notch inhibition reduced ADSC proliferation and down-regulated osteoinduction, targeted gene therapy and the delivery of the downstream NICD peptide restored bone formation, suggesting pragmatic clinical utility of ADSCs for bone regeneration.
Collapse
|
12
|
Shen G, Darendeliler MA. The Adaptive Remodeling of Condylar Cartilage— A Transition from Chondrogenesis to Osteogenesis. J Dent Res 2016; 84:691-9. [PMID: 16040724 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular condylar cartilage is categorized as articular cartilage but markedly distinguishes itself in many biological aspects, such as its embryonic origin, ontogenetic development, post-natal growth mode, and histological structures. The most marked uniqueness of condylar cartilage lies in its capability of adaptive remodeling in response to external stimuli during or after natural growth. The adaptation of condylar cartilage to mandibular forward positioning constitutes the fundamental rationale for orthodontic functional therapy, which partially contributes to the correction of jaw discrepancies by achieving mandibular growth modification. The adaptive remodeling of condylar cartilage proceeds with the biomolecular pathway initiating from chondrogenesis and finalizing with osteogenesis. During condylar adaptation, chondrogenesis is activated when the external stimuli, e.g., condylar repositioning, generate the differentiation of mesenchymal cells in the articular layer of cartilage into chondrocytes, which proliferate and then progressively mature into hypertrophic cells. The expression of regulatory growth factors, which govern and control phenotypic conversions of chondrocytes during chondrogenesis, increases during adaptive remodeling to enhance the transition from chondrogenesis into osteogenesis, a process in which hypertrophic chondrocytes and matrices degrade and are replaced by bone. The transition is also sustained by increased neovascularization, which brings in osteoblasts that finally result in new bone formation beneath the degraded cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Shen
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sydney Dental Hospital, The University of Sydney, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qu C, Kaitainen S, Kröger H, Lappalainen R, Lammi MJ. Behavior of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Various Titanium-Based Coatings. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9100827. [PMID: 28773947 PMCID: PMC5456604 DOI: 10.3390/ma9100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition and texture of titanium coatings can influence the growth characteristics of the adhered cells. An enhanced proliferation of the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) would be beneficial. The present study was aimed to investigate whether titanium deposited at different atmospheres would affect the cell growth properties, cellular morphology, and expression of surface markers of hMSCs. Titanium-based coatings were deposited on silicon wafers under oxygen, nitrogen, or argon atmospheres by ultra-short pulsed laser deposition using two different gas pressures followed by heating at 400 °C for 2 h. The characteristics of the coated surfaces were determined via contact angle, zeta potential, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Human MSCs were cultivated on differently coated silicon wafers for 48 h. Subsequently, the cell proliferation rates were analyzed with an MTT assay. The phenotype of hMSCs was checked via immunocytochemical stainings of MSC-associated markers CD73, CD90, and CD105, and the adhesion, spreading, and morphology of hMSCs on coated materials via SEM. The cell proliferation rates of the hMSCs were similar on all coated silicon wafers. The hMSCs retained the MSC phenotype by expressing MSC-associated markers and fibroblast-like morphology with cellular projections. Furthermore, no significant differences could be found in the size of the cells when cultured on all various coated surfaces. In conclusion, despite certain differences in the contact angles and the zeta potentials of various titanium-based coatings, no single coating markedly improved the growth characteristics of hMSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjuan Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland.
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden.
| | - Salla Kaitainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
| | - Heikki Kröger
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland.
| | - Reijo Lappalainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
| | - Mikko J Lammi
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden.
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health of Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Compton J, Fragomen A, Rozbruch SR. Skeletal Repair in Distraction Osteogenesis: Mechanisms and Enhancements. JBJS Rev 2015; 3:01874474-201508000-00002. [PMID: 27490473 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.n.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Compton
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10031
| | - Austin Fragomen
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021
| | - S Robert Rozbruch
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells and platelet-rich plasma: basic and clinical evaluation for cell-based therapies in patients with scars on the face. J Craniofac Surg 2015; 25:267-72. [PMID: 24406591 DOI: 10.1097/01.scs.0000436746.21031.ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actually, autologous fat grafts have many clinical applications in breast surgery, facial rejuvenation, buttock augmentation, and Romberg syndrome as well as a treatment of liposuction sequelae. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article was to describe the preparation and isolation procedures for stromal vascular fraction (SVF), the preparation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and the clinical application in the treatment of the scar on the face. METHODS Ten patients with burns sequelae (n = 6) and post-traumatic scars (n = 4) were treated with SVF-enhanced autologous fat grafts obtained by the Celution System. Another 10 patients with burns sequelae (n = 5) and post-traumatic scars (n = 5) were treated with fat grafting based on the Coleman technique mixed with 0.5 mL of PRP.To assess the effects of their treatment, the authors compared their results with those of a control group consisting of 10 patients treated with centrifuged fat. RESULTS In the patients treated with SVF-enhanced autologous fat grafts, we observed a 63% maintenance of contour restoring after 1 year compared with only 39% of the control group (n = 10) treated with centrifuged fat graft (P < 0.0001). In the patients treated with fat grafting and PRP, we observed a 69% maintenance of contour restoring after 1 year compared with that of the control group (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS Autologous fat grafting is a good method for the correction of scars on the face instead of the traditional scar surgical excision.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang C, Wang Y, Meng HY, Yuan XL, Xu XL, Wang AY, Guo QY, Peng J, Lu SB. Application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:3127-3135. [PMID: 26064202 PMCID: PMC4443036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a type of common and refractory disease in the orthopedic clinic that is primarily caused by a partial obstruction of the blood supply to the femoral head, resulting in a series of pathological processes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) comprise a mixture of various stem cells in myeloid tissue with multipotential differentiation capacity. They can differentiate into bone cells under specific conditions and can be used to treat ONFH through cell transplantation. This review summarizes research on MSCs in the field of ONFH in recent years, reveals the inner characteristics of MSCs, describes their potential to treat osteonecrosis disease, and analyzes the existing challenges of using MSCs in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hao-Ye Meng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xue-Ling Yuan
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiao-Long Xu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ai-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| | - Quan-Yi Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shi-Bi Lu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kanazawa I, Canaff L, Abi Rafeh J, Angrula A, Li J, Riddle RC, Boraschi-Diaz I, Komarova SV, Clemens TL, Murshed M, Hendy GN. Osteoblast menin regulates bone mass in vivo. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:3910-24. [PMID: 25538250 PMCID: PMC4326801 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.629899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Menin, the product of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (Men1) tumor suppressor gene, mediates the cell proliferation and differentiation actions of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) ligand family members. In vitro, menin modulates osteoblastogenesis and osteoblast differentiation promoted and sustained by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and TGF-β, respectively. To examine the in vivo function of menin in bone, we conditionally inactivated Men1 in mature osteoblasts by crossing osteocalcin (OC)-Cre mice with floxed Men1 (Men1(f/f)) mice to generate mice lacking menin in differentiating osteoblasts (OC-Cre;Men1(f/f) mice). These mice displayed significant reduction in bone mineral density, trabecular bone volume, and cortical bone thickness compared with control littermates. Osteoblast and osteoclast number as well as mineral apposition rate were significantly reduced, whereas osteocyte number was increased. Primary calvarial osteoblasts proliferated more quickly but had deficient mineral apposition and alkaline phosphatase activity. Although the mRNA expression of osteoblast marker and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes were all reduced, that of cyclin-dependent kinase, osteocyte marker, and pro-apoptotic genes were increased in isolated Men1 knock-out osteoblasts compared with controls. In contrast to the knock-out mice, transgenic mice overexpressing a human menin cDNA in osteoblasts driven by the 2.3-kb Col1a1 promoter, showed a gain of bone mass relative to control littermates. Osteoblast number and mineral apposition rate were significantly increased in the Col1a1-Menin-Tg mice. Therefore, osteoblast menin plays a key role in bone development, remodeling, and maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ryan C Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | | | | | - Thomas L Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | | | - Geoffrey N Hendy
- From the Departments of Medicine, Physiology, Human Genetics, and Calcium Research Laboratory, and Hormones and Cancer Research Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gasbarra E, Perrone FL, Baldi J, Bilotta V, Moretti A, Tarantino U. Conservative surgery for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: current options. CLINICAL CASES IN MINERAL AND BONE METABOLISM : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ITALIAN SOCIETY OF OSTEOPOROSIS, MINERAL METABOLISM, AND SKELETAL DISEASES 2015; 12:43-50. [PMID: 27134632 PMCID: PMC4832404 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2015.12.3s.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The prevention of femoral head collapse and the maintenance of hip function would represent a substantial achievement in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head; however it is difficult to identify appropriate treatment protocols to manage patients with pre-collapse avascular necrosis in order to obtain a successful outcome in joint preserving procedures. Conservative treatments, including pharmacological management and biophysical modalities, are not supported by any evidence and require further investigation. The appropriate therapeutic approach has not been identified. The choice of surgical procedures is based on patient clinical conditions and anatomopathological features; preservation of the femoral head by core decompression may be attempted in younger patients without head collapse. Biological factors, such as bone morphogenetic proteins and bone marrow stem cells, would improve the outcome of core decompression. Another surgical procedure proposed for the treatment of avascular necrosis consists of large vascularized cortical bone grafts, but its use is not yet common due to surgical technical issues. Use of other surgical technique, such as osteotomies, is controversial, since arthroplasty is considered as the first option in case of severe femoral head collapse without previous intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gasbarra
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Address for correspondence: Elena Gasbarra, MD, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Rome, Italy, E-mail:
| | - Fabio Luigi Perrone
- Graduate School of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Baldi
- Graduate School of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bilotta
- Graduate School of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Antimo Moretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Umbertto Tarantino
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lysdahl H, Baatrup A, Foldager CB, Bünger C. Preconditioning Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells with a Low Concentration of BMP2 Stimulates Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation In Vitro. Biores Open Access 2014; 3:278-85. [PMID: 25469313 PMCID: PMC4245882 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials using bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) for bone reconstruction have shown promising results. However, the relatively high concentration needed to be effective raises concerns for efficacy and safety. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic effect of an alternative treatment strategy in which human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are preconditioned with low concentrations of BMP2 for a short time in vitro. hMSCs in suspension were stimulated for 15 min with 10 and 20 ng/mL of BMP2. After the BMP2 was removed, the cells were seeded and cultured in osteogenic medium. The effects of preconditioning were analyzed with regard to proliferation and expression of osteogenic markers at both gene and protein level. The results were compared to those from cultures with continuous BMP2 stimulation. A significant increase in proliferation was seen with both precondition and continuous stimulation with BMP2, with no difference between the treatments. Preconditioning with BMP2 significantly increased gene expression of RUNX2, COLI, ALP, and OC, and protein levels of COLI and ALP. This was not found with continuous stimulation. The role of preconditioning with BMP2 in osteogenesis was validated by findings of increased gene expression of SMAD1 and an increase in dual phosphorylation of ser 463 and ser 465 in the SMAD 1/5/8 pathway. We concluded that preconditioning hMSCs with BMP2 stimulates osteogenesis: proliferation with matrix secretion and matrix maturation of hMSCs. This implies that preconditioning with BMP2 might be more effective at inducing proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs than continuous stimulation. Preconditioning with BMP2 could benefit the clinical application of BMP2 since side effects from high-dose treatments could be avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helle Lysdahl
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anette Baatrup
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Cody Bünger
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 7 (rhBMP-7) on the behaviour of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a preliminary in vitro study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 53:158-63. [PMID: 25480012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7) on the behaviour of oral keratinocytes and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells in vitro. Expression of all three BMP receptors was high (p<0.01), and rhBMP-7 exhibited significant dose-related inhibitory effects on the doubling time and viability of cancer cells (p<0.01), but not on the proliferation or viability of oral keratinocytes. It elicited no significant effect on the invasion of Matrigel in SCC of the head and neck. Results indicate that in cell culture, rhBMP-7 exerts antineoplastic effects. This should be tested in an orthotopic animal model to more closely replicate in vivo effects.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen D, Shen H, He Y, Chen Y, Wang Q, Lu J, Jiang Y. Synergetic effects of hBMSCs and hPCs in osteogenic differentiation and their capacity in the repair of critical-sized femoral condyle defects. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1111-9. [PMID: 25373389 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered bone grafts require an osteoblastic cellular source to be utilized in bone transplantation therapy. Human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) and periosteal-derived stem cells (hPCs) are the commonly used cellular sources for bone tissue engineering and are essential in fracture healing. In the present study, hBMSCs and hPCs were co-cultured from the same donors, as the cellular source. In monolayer cultivation, co-culturing hBMSCs and hPCs demonstrated more robust mineralized nodule formation and stronger alkaline phosphatase (ALP) positive staining than hBMSCs or hPCs. Three-dimensional (3-D) culturing on porous β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds and co-culturing of hBMSCs and hPCs significantly promoted the osteogenic specific mRNA expression of COL1α1, BMP-2, osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OC). For in vivo bone formation and neovascularization assessment, the cellular-β-TCP scaffolds were transplanted into critical-sized femoral condyle defects in rabbits. The results confirmed that co-culturing hBMSCs and hPCs accelerated bone regeneration and enhanced mature bone formation, but also facilitated central vascularization in scaffold pores. Based on these data, we recommend co-culturing hBMSCs and hPCs as a promising cellular source for bone tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daoyun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yaohua He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yunsu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jianxi Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rahimzadeh A, Mirakabad FST, Movassaghpour A, Shamsasenjan K, Kariminekoo S, Talebi M, Shekari A, Zeighamian V, Ghalhar MG, Akbarzadeh A. Biotechnological and biomedical applications of mesenchymal stem cells as a therapeutic system. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 44:559-70. [PMID: 25340260 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.968823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic, multipotent progenitor cells which reside in bone marrow (BM), support homing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and self-renewal in the BM. These cells have the potential to differentiate into tissues of mesenchymal origin, such as fibroblasts, adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, and stromal cells. MSCs can express surface molecules like CD13, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD166, CXCL12 and toll-like receptors (TLRs). Different factors, such as TGF-β, IL-10, IDO, PGE-2, sHLA-G5, HO, and Galectin-3, secreted by MSCs, induce interaction in cell to cell immunomodulatory effects on innate and adaptive cells of the immune system. Furthermore, these cells can stimulate and increase the TH2 and regulatory T-cells through inhibitory effects on the immune system. MSCs originate from the BM and other tissues including the brain, adipose tissue, peripheral blood, cornea, thymus, spleen, fallopian tube, placenta, Wharton's jelly and umbilical cord blood. Many studies have focused on two significant features of MSC therapy: (I) MSCs can modulate T-cell-mediated immunological responses, and (II) systemically administered MSCs home in to sites of ischemia or injury. In this review, we describe the known mechanisms of immunomodulation and homing of MSCs. As a result, this review emphasizes the functional role of MSCs in modulating immune responses, their capability in homing to injured tissue, and their clinical therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirbahman Rahimzadeh
- a Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | | | - Aliakbar Movassaghpour
- a Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Karim Shamsasenjan
- d Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Saber Kariminekoo
- a Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- e Hematology and Blood Banking Department, Faculty of Medical Science , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shekari
- f Department Of Medical Genetic , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran
| | - Vahideh Zeighamian
- g Department of Medical Biotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Masoud Gandomkar Ghalhar
- g Department of Medical Biotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- h Department of Medical Nanotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Targeted delivery of CYP2E1 recombinant adenovirus to malignant melanoma by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells as vehicles. Anticancer Drugs 2014; 25:303-14. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
24
|
Scheil-Bertram S, Kappler R, von Baer A, Hartwig E, Sarkar M, Serra M, Brüderlein S, Westhoff B, Melzner I, Bassaly B, Herms J, Hugo HH, Schulte M, Möller P. Molecular profiling of chordoma. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1041-55. [PMID: 24452533 PMCID: PMC3977807 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis of chordoma is still poorly understood, particularly with respect to differentially expressed genes involved in the primary origin of chordoma. In this study, therefore, we compared the transcriptional expression profile of one sacral chordoma recurrence, two chordoma cell lines (U-CH1 and U-CH2) and one chondrosarcoma cell line (U-CS2) with vertebral disc using a high-density oligonucleotide array. The expression of 65 genes whose mRNA levels differed significantly (p<0.001; ≥6-fold change) between chordoma and control (vertebral disc) was identified. Genes with increased expression in chordoma compared to control and chondrosarcoma were most frequently located on chromosomes 2 (11%), 5 (8%), 1 and 7 (each 6%), whereas interphase cytogenetics of 33 chordomas demonstrated gains of chromosomal material most prevalent on 7q (42%), 12q (21%), 17q (21%), 20q (27%) and 22q (21%). The microarray data were confirmed for selected genes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. As in other studies, we showed the expression of brachyury. We demonstrate the expression of new potential candidates for chordoma tumorigenesis, such as CD24, ECRG4, RARRES2, IGFBP2, RAP1, HAI2, RAB38, osteopontin, GalNAc-T3, VAMP8 and others. Thus, we identified and validated a set of interesting candidate genes whose differential expression likely plays a role in chordoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland Kappler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra von Baer
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospitals of Ulm, Germany
| | - Erich Hartwig
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Ev. Diakonissenanstalt, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Sarkar
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Karl-Olga-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Massimo Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Ingo Melzner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospitals of Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Herms
- Department of Translational Brain Research, DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases) and Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Michael Schulte
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Diakoniekrankenhaus, Rotenburg (Wümme), Germany
| | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospitals of Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dvořáková J, Kučera L, Kučera J, Švík K, Foglarová M, Muthný T, Pravda M, Němcová M, Velebný V, Kubala L. Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in a hydrogel system based on an enzymatically crosslinked tyramine derivative of hyaluronan. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:3523-30. [PMID: 24243864 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan-based tissue substitutes are promising materials in cartilage reconstruction surgery. Herein, the chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in a hydrogel based on a tyramine derivative of hyaluronan crosslinked by hydrogen peroxidase (HA-TA) was evaluated. Human MSC seeded in the scaffold were incubated in standard chondrogenic medium and medium enriched with bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP6). Cell viability, the gene expression of selected markers (collagen type II, aggrecan, SOX9, collagen type X, and osteopontin), and the histological characteristics were examined during three weeks of in vitro cultivation. The tissue reaction of both unseeded and MSC seeded HA-TA scaffolds were tested in vivo after subcutaneous application in rats for 12 weeks. The data showed that cells resisted the process of crosslinking and remained viable for the whole time while exhibiting changes in cell organization. Human MSC cultivated in HA-TA hydrogel expressed genes of both chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation and the addition of BMP6 revealed a tendency to potentiate both processes. Histological analysis of HA-TA in vivo implants did not reveal a chronic inflammatory reaction. In both cases, in vivo HA-TA implants were continuously degraded and MSC-seeded hydrogels tended to form clusters similar to in vitro samples. In conclusion, MSC chondrogenic differentiation may proceed in a HA-TA scaffold that is biocompatible. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3523-3530, 2014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Dvořáková
- Contipro Biotech s.r.o., 401, 561 02, Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ali F, Ranneh Y, Ismail A, Vaes B. Impaired of a non-DNA dependent methylation status decides the fat decision of bone marrow-derived C3H10T1/2 stem cell. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:590. [PMID: 24294542 PMCID: PMC3833906 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A decrease in the lineage commitment of multipotent Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to the bone forming osteoblast lineage and an increase in the commitment to the fat forming adipocyte lineage is more common in bone marrow of elderly persons. A link between methylation status and MSC differentiation remains unclear. Therefore, we hypothesize that hypomethylation may decide the fate decisions of MSC. In the current study, murine bone marrow derived-C3H10T1/2 stem cell was used to examine the role of methylation mechanism on the differentiation potential of stem cells into osteoblasts or adipocytes. C3H10T1/2 cells were treated with Periodate oxidized adenosine (Adox), an inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine-dependent hydrolase (SAHH), which in turn block the non-DNA methylation pathway. The effect of hypomethylation on C3H10T1/2 stem cell differentiation was determined by measuring the alkaline phosphates activity and the degree of mineralization as well as Oil-red O staining and lipid content. The ratio of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) was determined as a metabolic indicator of cellular methylation potential. It was clearly observed that hypomethylation significantly (P < 0.05) reduces SAM: SAH ratio, alkaline phosphates activity, calcification and thereby, osteoblast differentiation. Conversely, adipocyte differentiation was stimulated by hypomethylation. Altogether, our data suggest that non-DNA hypomethylation changes the differentiation potential of C3H10T1/2 stem cells for less osteogenic and more adipogenic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Ali
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nutrigenomics Programme, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Beazley KE, Lima F, Borras T, Nurminskaya M. Attenuation of chondrogenic transformation in vascular smooth muscle by dietary quercetin in the MGP-deficient mouse model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76210. [PMID: 24098781 PMCID: PMC3786963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cartilaginous metaplasia of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) is characteristic for arterial calcification in diabetes and uremia and in the background of genetic alterations in matrix Gla protein (MGP). A better understanding of the molecular details of this process is critical for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to VSM transformation and arterial calcification. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the effects of bioflavonoid quercetin on chondrogenic transformation and calcification of VSM in the MGP-null mouse model and upon TGF-β3 stimulation in vitro, and to characterize the associated alterations in cell signaling. METHODS AND RESULTS Molecular analysis revealed activation of β-catenin signaling in cartilaginous metaplasia in Mgp-/- aortae in vivo and during chondrogenic transformation of VSMCs in vitro. Quercetin intercepted chondrogenic transformation of VSM and blocked activation of β-catenin both in vivo and in vitro. Although dietary quercetin drastically attenuated calcifying cartilaginous metaplasia in Mgp-/- animals, approximately one-half of total vascular calcium mineral remained as depositions along elastic lamellae. CONCLUSION Quercetin is potent in preventing VSM chondrogenic transformation caused by diverse stimuli. Combined with the demonstrated efficiency of dietary quercetin in preventing ectopic chondrogenesis in the MGP-null vasculature, these findings indicate a potentially broad therapeutic applicability of this safe for human consumption bioflavonoid in the therapy of cardiovascular conditions linked to cartilaginous metaplasia of VSM. Elastocalcinosis is a major component of MGP-null vascular disease and is controlled by a mechanism different from chondrogenic transformation of VSM and not sensitive to quercetin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E. Beazley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Florence Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Teresa Borras
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maria Nurminskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang X, Wang Y, Gou W, Lu Q, Peng J, Lu S. Role of mesenchymal stem cells in bone regeneration and fracture repair: a review. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2013; 37:2491-8. [PMID: 23948983 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-013-2059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-haematopoietic stromal stem cells that have many sources, such as bone marrow, periosteum, vessel walls, adipose, muscle, tendon, peripheral circulation, umbilical cord blood, skin and dental tissues. They are capable of self-replication and of differentiating into, and contributing to the regeneration of, mesenchymal tissues, such as bone, cartilage, ligament, tendon, muscle and adipose tissue. The homing of MSCs may play an important role in the repair of bone fractures. As a composite material, the formation and growth of bone tissue is a complex process, including molecular, cell and biochemical metabolic changes. The recruitment of factors with an adequate number of MSCs and the micro-environment around the fracture are effective for fracture repair. Several studies have investigated the functional expression of various chemokine receptors, trophic factors and adhesion molecules in human MSCs. Many external factors affect MSC homing. MSCs have been used as seed cells in building tissue-engineered bone grafts. Scaffolds seeded with MSCs are most often used in tissue engineering and include biotic and abiotic materials. This knowledge provides a platform for the development of novel therapies for bone regeneration with endogenous MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Peoples Liberation Army, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang X, Liu T, Huang Y, Wismeijer D, Liu Y. Icariin: Does It Have An Osteoinductive Potential for Bone Tissue Engineering? Phytother Res 2013; 28:498-509. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Stomatology; Tongji University; Shanghai China
| | - Tie Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Research Institute MOVE; University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004 1081 LA Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Yuanliang Huang
- Department of Dentistry; Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University; Shanghai China
| | - Daniel Wismeijer
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Research Institute MOVE; University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004 1081 LA Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Yuelian Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Research Institute MOVE; University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004 1081 LA Amsterdam the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
You W, Gao H, Fan L, Duan D, Wang C, Wang K. Foxc2 regulates osteogenesis and angiogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:199. [PMID: 23815774 PMCID: PMC3710500 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Forkhead/Fox transcription factor Foxc2 is a critical regulator of osteogenesis and angiogenesis of cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, myocytes and fibroblasts. The present study investigates the role of Foxc2 overexpression in osteogenesis and angiogenesis of BMSCs in vitro. Methods BMSCs were isolated from SD rat femurs and tibias, and characterized by cell surface antigen identification and osteoblasts and adipocytes differentiation. The cells were transfected with lentiviral Foxc2 (Lv-Foxc2) or green fluorescent protein (Lv-GFP). Seventy hours later, Foxc2 expression was observed using real time-PCR and Western blot. The transfected cells were stained with Alizarin red S or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) after osteogenic induction. Meanwhile, the expression levels of osteocalcin (OCN), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor-β (PDGF-β) were measured by real time-PCR, Western blot and immunostaining. Results Results of cell characterization showed that the cells were positive to CD44 (99.56%) and negative to CD34 (0.44%), and could differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Foxc2 overexpression not only increased the numbers of mineralized nodes and ALP activity, but also enhanced the expressions of Runx2, OCN, VEGF and PDGF-β in transfected BMSCs after osteogenic induction. The effects of Foxc2 on osteogenesis and angiogenesis were significantly different between Lv-Foxc2 transfected BMSCs and Lv-GFP transfected BMSCs (P<0.05). In addition, the MAPK-specific inhibitors, PD98059 and LY294002, blocked the Foxc2-induced regulation of BMSC differentiation. Conclusions Foxc2 gene is successfully transfected into BMSCs with stable and high expression. The overexpression of Foxc2 acts on BMSCs to stimulate osteogenesis and angiogenesis. The effect of Foxc2 on angiogenesis of the cells is mediated via activating PI3K and ERK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wulin You
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affilliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hoşgör F, Yilmaz N, Senyurt O, Gümüşova S, Cam B, Ceylan G, Yardimci C, Pinarli FA. Effect of osteoblast cell culture on the bone implant contact. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:626-31. [PMID: 22891929 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2012.700066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to acquire an ideal bone implant contact under the cover of osteogenic effect of osteoblasts derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty dental implants were used for this study. Implants were placed in sheep mandibles and defects were created 4 mm coronally in the dental implants. These defects were filled with Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in one group and with PRP + Osteoblast Cell Culture (OCC) in another group. No procedure was conducted on the control group defects (empty defect group). Eight weeks later, osseointegration was investigated with Bone Implant Contact (BIC) measurements histomorphologically. Data were checked statistically. RESULTS The variation of BIC rates between Empty Defect Group and PRP groups was significant (p <0.05). The BIC rate of the PRP group was higher than that of the Empty Defect Group. The variation of BIC rates between Empty Defect Group and PRP + OCC groups was significant (p <0.05). The BIC rate of the PRP + OCC group was higher than that of the Empty Defect Group. The variation of BIC rates between PRP and PRP + MSC groups was significant (p<0.05). The BIC rate of the PRP + OCC group was higher than that of the PRP group. At the end of the 8-week healing period, it was observed that the percentage of BIC was highest in the PRP + OCC group. CONCLUSIONS Implant-bone connection was better in the OCC-PRP group compared with the PRP group and the empty defect group. The use of OCC-PRP combination was effective on healing. The BIC value was increased significantly by OCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Hoşgör
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
High-Frequency Vibration Treatment of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Increases Differentiation toward Bone Tissue. BONE MARROW RESEARCH 2013; 2013:803450. [PMID: 23585968 PMCID: PMC3621160 DOI: 10.1155/2013/803450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In order to verify whether differentiation of adult stem cells toward bone tissue is promoted by high-frequency vibration (HFV), bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were mechanically stimulated with HFV (30 Hz) for 45 minutes a day for 21 or 40 days. Cells were seeded in osteogenic medium, which enhances differentiation towards bone tissue. The effects of the mechanical treatment on differentiation were measured by Alizarin Red test, (q) real-time PCR, and protein content of the extracellular matrix. In addition, we analyzed the proliferation rate and apoptosis of BMSC subjected to mechanical stimulation. A strong increase in all parameters characterizing differentiation was observed. Deposition of calcium was almost double in the treated samples; the expression of genes involved in later differentiation was significantly increased and protein content was higher for all osteogenic proteins. Lastly, proliferation results indicated that stimulated BMSCs have a decreased growth rate in comparison with controls, but both treated and untreated cells do not enter the apoptosis process. These findings could reduce the gap between research and clinical application for bone substitutes derived from patient cells by improving the differentiation protocol for autologous cells and a further implant of the bone graft into the patient.
Collapse
|
33
|
Gu Q, Cai Y, Huang C, Shi Q, Yang H. Curcumin increases rat mesenchymal stem cell osteoblast differentiation but inhibits adipocyte differentiation. Pharmacogn Mag 2012; 8:202-8. [PMID: 23060694 PMCID: PMC3466455 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.99285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Curcumin is a phenolic natural product isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and has effects on bone health and fat formation. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Osteoblast differentiation of MSCs can be a result of upregulation of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. Curcumin can potently induce HO-1 expression. Objective: The present study describes the effects of curcumin on rat MSC (rMSCs) differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Materials and Methods: Rat bone marrow MSCs were isolated and treated with or without curcumin. Osteoblast differentiation was confirmed and determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralized nodule formation, the expression of Runx2 (runt-related transcription factor 2) and osteocalcin. Adipocyte differentiation was determined by Oil red O staining and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ 2 (PPARγ2) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α. Results: Curcumin increased ALP activity and osteoblast-specific mRNA expression of Runx2 and osteocalcin when rMSCs were cultured in osteogenic medium. In contrast, curcumin decreased adipocyte differentiation and inhibited adipocyte-specific mRNA expression of PPARγ2 and C/EBPα when rMSCs were cultured in adipogenic medium. HO-1 expression was increased during osteogenic differentiation of rMSCs. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that curcumin can promote osteogenic differentiation of rMSCs and inhibit adipocyte formation. The effect of curcumin on osteogenic differentiation of rMSCs is correlated with HO-1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu- 215006, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cai M, Li G, Tao K, Yang Y, Lou L, Cai Z, Yu Y. Maohuoside A Acts in a BMP-dependent Manner during Osteogenesis. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1179-84. [PMID: 23007945 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guodong Li
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University; Shanghai 200027 PR China
| | - Kun Tao
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University; Shanghai 200027 PR China
| | - Yunji Yang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University; Shanghai 200027 PR China
| | - Lieming Lou
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University; Shanghai 200027 PR China
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University; Shanghai 200027 PR China
| | - Yongchun Yu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University; Shanghai 200027 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Icaritin, an exogenous phytomolecule, enhances osteogenesis but not angiogenesis--an in vitro efficacy study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41264. [PMID: 22952579 PMCID: PMC3431393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that Icaritin, an intestinal metabolite of Epimedium-derived flavonoids (EF) enhanced osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) only under osteogenic induction conditions. We also demonstrated its effect on inhibition of adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Unlike the findings of others on EF compounds, we showed that Icaritin was unable to promote proliferation, migration and tube like structure formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. These results suggested that the exogenous phytomolecule Icaritin possessed the potential for enhancing bone formation via its osteopromotive but not an osteoinductive mechanism. Though some flavonoids were shown to regulate the coupling process of angiogenesis and osteogenesis during bone repair, our results suggested that Icaritin did not have direct effect on enhancing angiogenesis in vitro.
Collapse
|
36
|
Gentile P, Orlandi A, Scioli MG, Di Pasquali C, Bocchini I, Cervelli V. Concise review: adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells and platelet-rich plasma: basic and clinical implications for tissue engineering therapies in regenerative surgery. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197782 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2011-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine offer a paradigm shift in regard to various diseases causing loss of substance or volume and tissue or organ damage. Recently, many authors have focused their attention on mesenchymal stem cells for their capacity to differentiate into many cell lineages. The most widely studied types are bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which display similar results. Based on the literature, we believe that the ADSCs offer advantages because of lower morbidity during the harvesting procedure. Additionally, platelet-rich plasma can be used in this field for its ability to stimulate tissue regeneration. The aims of this article are to describe ADSC preparation and isolation procedures, preparation of platelet-rich plasma, and the application of ADSCs in regenerative plastic surgery. We also discuss the mechanisms and future role of ADSCs in cell-based therapy and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gentile
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ayatollahi M, Geramizadeh B, Zakerinia M, Ramzi M, Yaghobi R, Hadadi P, Rezvani AR, Aghdai M, Azarpira N, Karimi H. Human Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell: A Source for Cell-Based Therapy. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2012; 3:32-41. [PMID: 25013621 PMCID: PMC4089277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into many cell types, and modulate immune responses, makes them an attractive therapeutic tool for cell transplantation and tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE This project was designed for isolation, culture, and characterization of human marrow-derived MSCs based on the immunophenotypic markers and the differentiation potential. METHODS Bone marrow of healthy donors was aspirated from the iliac crest. Mononuclear cells were layered over the Ficoll-Paque density-gradient and plated in tissue cultures dish. The adherent cells expanded rapidly and maintained with periodic passages until a relatively homogeneous population was established. The identification of adherent cells and the immune-surface markers was performed by flow cytometric analysis at the third passage. The in vitro differentiation of MSCs into osteoblast and adipocytes was also achieved. RESULTS The MSCs were CD11b (CR3), CD45, CD34, CD31 (PCAM-1), CD40, CD80 (B7-1), and HLA-class II negative because antigen expression was less than 5%, while they showed a high expression of CD90, and CD73. The differentiation of osteoblasts, is determined by deposition of a mineralized extracellular matrix in the culture plates that can be detected with Alizarin Red. Adipocytes were easily identified by their morphology and staining with Oil Red. CONCLUSION MSCs can be isolated and expanded from most healthy donors, providing for a source of cell-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ayatollahi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Correspondence: Maryam Ayatollahi, Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Phone/Fax: +98-711-647-4331
E-mail:
| | - B. Geramizadeh
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - M. Zakerinia
- Hematology Research Center and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - M. Ramzi
- Hematology Research Center and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - R. Yaghobi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - P. Hadadi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - A. R. Rezvani
- Hematology Research Center and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - M. Aghdai
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - N. Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - H. Karimi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Otto WR, Sarraf CE. Culturing and differentiating human mesenchymal stem cells for biocompatible scaffolds in regenerative medicine. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 806:407-426. [PMID: 22057467 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-367-7_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells from a variety of sites are a natural resource that using appropriate skills can be cultured in the laboratory, in scaffolds, to provide differentiated-cell replacement tissues, for clinical application. To perform such work with human cells, strict ethical integrity must be observed at all stages. Adipocytes, osteocytes and chrondrocytes are amongst the most desirable end-point cells. Hydrolytic degradable scaffolds allow implanted cells to synthesise their own extracellular matrix in situ after implantation, degeneration of the foreign scaffold to temporally match creation of the new innate one. For preliminary in vitro stem cell differentiation protocols, initial investigation is commonly performed with stem cells in commercially available porous collagen sponges or cell-free small intestinal submucosa. Differentiation of stem cells to a specific phenotype is achieved by culturing them in apposite culture media under precise conditions. Once the cells have differentiated, they are checked and characterised in a wide variety of systems. This chapter describes differentiation media for adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, myocytes and neural precursors and methods of observing their characteristics by microscopy using phase contrast microscopy, standard light microscopy and electron microscopy with tinctorial, immunocytochemical and electron dense stains, respectively. Cell sorting techniques are not dealt with here. Immunocytochemistry/microscopy staining for specific differentiated-cell antigens is an invaluable procedure, and the range of commercially available antibodies is wide. Precautions need to be considered for using actively proliferating cells in vivo, so that implanted cells remain controlled by the body's molecular signals and avoid development of malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William R Otto
- Histopathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Otto WR, Wright NA. Mesenchymal stem cells: from experiment to clinic. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2011; 4:20. [PMID: 21902837 PMCID: PMC3182886 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-4-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is currently much interest in adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their ability to differentiate into other cell types, and to partake in the anatomy and physiology of remote organs. It is now clear these cells may be purified from several organs in the body besides bone marrow. MSCs take part in wound healing by contributing to myofibroblast and possibly fibroblast populations, and may be involved in epithelial tissue regeneration in certain organs, although this remains more controversial. In this review, we examine the ability of MSCs to modulate liver, kidney, heart and intestinal repair, and we update their opposing qualities of being less immunogenic and therefore tolerated in a transplant situation, yet being able to contribute to xenograft models of human tumour formation in other contexts. However, such observations have not been replicated in the clinic. Recent studies showing the clinical safety of MSC in several pathologies are discussed. The possible opposing powers of MSC need careful understanding and control if their clinical potential is to be realised with long-term safety for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William R Otto
- Histopathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Huang J, Deng F, Wang L, Xiang XR, Zhou WW, Hu N, Xu L. Hypoxia induces osteogenesis-related activities and expression of core binding factor α1 in mesenchymal stem cells. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2011; 224:7-12. [PMID: 21498965 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.224.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem sells (MSCs) have received much attention in the field of bone tissue engineering due to their biological capability to differentiate into osteogenic lineage cells. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1α) plays an important role in the MSC-related bone regeneration during hypoxia, while core binding factor alpha 1 (Cbfα1) is a transcription regulator that is involved in the chondrocyte differentiation and ossification. In the present study, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on biological capability of MSCs. MSCs were isolated from adult rabbit bone marrow, and were cultured in vitro under normoxia (air with 5% CO(2)) or hypoxia (5% CO(2) and 95% N(2)). The proliferation of MSCs, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and production of collagens type I and type III (Col I/III) were examined. The expression levels of HIF-1α and Cbfα1 were measured by real-time PCR and western blot analyses. We found that hypoxia significantly induced the proliferation of MSCs and increased ALP activity and the production of Col I/III. Moreover, hypoxia increased the expression of Cbfα1 mRNA after 12 h, whereas the expression of HIF-1α mRNA was increased after 1 h of hypoxia. Knockdown of HIF-1α expression with a small interfering RNA significantly increased the expression levels of Cbfα1 protein either under the normoxia or hypoxia condition. Our results indicate that hypoxia enhances MSCs to differentiate into osteogenic lineage cells and suggest that Cbfα1 may be negatively regulated by HIF-1α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Huang
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Brey DM, Motlekar NA, Diamond SL, Mauck RL, Garino JP, Burdick JA. High-throughput screening of a small molecule library for promoters and inhibitors of mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:163-74. [PMID: 20824673 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of high-throughput screening (HTS) techniques has long been employed by the pharmaceutical industry to increase discovery rates for new drugs that could be useful for disease treatment, yet this technology has only been minimally applied in other applications such as in tissue regeneration. In this work, an assay for the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was developed and used to screen a library of small molecules for their potential as either promoters or inhibitors of osteogenesis, based on levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and cellular viability. From a library of 1,040 molecules, 36 promoters, and 20 inhibitors were identified as hits based on statistical criteria. Osteopromoters from this library were further investigated using standard culture techniques and a wider range of outcomes to verify that these compounds drive cellular differentiation. Several hits led to some improvement in the expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteogenic gene expression, and matrix mineralization by hMSCs when compared to the standard dexamethasone supplemented media and one molecule was investigated in combination with a recently identified biodegradable and osteoconductive polymer. This work illustrates the ability of HTS to more rapidly identify potential molecules to control stem cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Brey
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sun LY, Lin SZ, Li YS, Harn HJ, Chiou TW. Functional Cells Cultured on Microcarriers for Use in Regenerative Medicine Research. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:49-62. [PMID: 20887678 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x532792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcarriers have been successfully used for many years for growing anchorage-dependent cells and as a means of delivering cells for tissue repair. When cultured on microcarriers, the number of anchorage-dependent cells, including primary cells, can easily be scaled up and controlled to generate the quantities of cells necessary for therapeutic applications. Recently, stem cell technology has been recognized as a powerful tool in regenerative medicine, but adequate numbers of stem cells that retain their differentiation potential are still difficult to obtain. For anchorage-dependent stem cells, however, microcarrier-based suspension culture using various types of microcarriers has proven to be a good alternative for effective ex vivo expansion. In this article, we review studies reporting the expansion, differentiation, or transplantation of functional anchorage-dependent cells that were expanded with the microcarrier culture system. Thus, the implementation of technological advances in biodegradable microcarriers, the bead-to-bead transfer process, and appropriate stem cell media may soon foster the ability to produce the numbers of stem cells necessary for cell-based therapies and/or tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yi Sun
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University and Hospital and Beigang Hospital, Taichung and Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Sheng Li
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Wen Chiou
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sarraf CE, Otto WR, Eastwood M. In vitro mesenchymal stem cell differentiation after mechanical stimulation. Cell Prolif 2011; 44:99-108. [PMID: 21199014 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2010.00740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into adipocytic, chondrocytic and osteocytic lineages on suitable stimulation. We have hypothesized that mechanical loading may influence MSC differentiation and alter their phenotype accordingly. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse bone marrow-derived MSC were established in vitro by differential adherence to plastic culture plates and grown in low glucose medium with 10% foetal calf serum and growth factors. Cells grew out and were subcultured up to 20 times. Differentiation protocols were followed for several cell lineages. Clones with trilineage potential were seeded in type I collagen gels and incubated in a tensioning force bioreactor and real-time cell-derived forces were recorded. Gels were fixed and sectioned for light and electron microscopy. RESULTS Cell monolayers of parent and cloned mouse bone marrow-derived MSC differentiated into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes, but not into cardiomyocytes, myotubes or neuronal cells. When cast into type I collagen gels and placed in tensioning bioreactors, MSC differentiated into fibroblast-like cells typical of tissue stroma, and upregulated α-smooth muscle actin, but rarely upregulated desmin. Electron microscopy showed collagen and elastin fibre synthesis into the matrix. CONCLUSIONS These experiments confirmed that MSC cell fate choice depends on minute, cell-derived forces. Applied force could assist in commercial manufacture of cultured bio-engineered prostheses for regenerative medicine as it mimics tissue stresses and constitutes a good model for development of tissue substitutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E Sarraf
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Aono Y, Hirai Y. A culture system for the live analysis of successive developmental processes and the morphological control of mammalian vertebral cartilage. Cytotechnology 2011; 63:269-77. [PMID: 21279736 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mesoderm-derived segmental somite differentiates into dermomyotome and sclerotome, the latter of which undergoes vertebrogenesis to spinal cartilage and ultimately to vertebral bones. However, analysis and manipulation of the developing mammalian vertebrae in the same embryo has been infeasible because of their placental-dependent embryogenesis. Here, we report a novel culture system of the mouse embryonic tailbud, by which the developmental processes of mammalian vertebral cartilage are traceable and manipulatable in the same sample. The anaplastic segmental somites/sclerotomes in the tailbud of 13 gestational day (g.d.) embryo that are structurally continuous to the vertebral column underwent progressive vertebrogenesis when (1) the ectoderm-derived nascent epidermis was microsurgically removed prior to cultivation, and (2) the sample was incubated at the air-medium interface. After cultivation for 5 days, the size and shape of the instructed vertebral cartilage showed features comparable to well-differentiated body vertebra along with the expression of the cartilage marker collagen type II, suggesting that aggressive differentiation of the sclerotomal cell lineage was achieved. In the presence of recombinant bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and Noggin, or adenoviral particles for extracellular epimorphin, dramatic alteration of the vertebral morphology ensued in the explants. Thus, this model system provides an approach to study the detailed molecular mechanisms of mammalian vertebrogenesis and enables pretreatment strategies of precartilagious fragments for improving the efficacy of subsequent transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Aono
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, 669-1337, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Prabhakaran MP, Venugopal J, Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Kai D, Jin G, Ramakrishna S. Stem Cells and Nanostructures for Advanced Tissue Regeneration. BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERIC NANOFIBERS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
46
|
Abstract
Equine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have only recently been investigated for their adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation potential. This chapter will briefly outline the molecular mechanisms leading to adipogenesis and the methods of equine adipose tissue harvest, ASC isolation, and adipogenic differentiation. The reader is also directed to other reported methods of adipogenesis for ASCs and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from other tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Vidal
- JD Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Calarco A, Petillo O, Bosetti M, Torpedine A, Cannas M, Perrone L, Galderisi U, Melone MAB, Peluso G. Controlled delivery of the heparan sulfate/FGF-2 complex by a polyelectrolyte scaffold promotes maximal hMSC proliferation and differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2010; 110:903-9. [PMID: 20564189 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors and other regulatory molecules are required to direct differentiation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) along specific lineages. However, the therapeutic use of growth factors is limited by their susceptibility to degradation, and the need to maintain prolonged local release of growth factor at levels sufficient to stimulate hMSC. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a device containing heparan sulfate (HS), which is a co-factor in growth factor-mediated cell proliferation and differentiation, could potentiate and prolong the delivery of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and thus enhance hMSC stimulation. To this aim, we synthesized cationic polyelectrolyte polymers covalently and non-covalently anchored to HS and evaluated their effect on hMSC proliferation. Polymers non-covalently bound to HS resulted in the release of an HS/FGF-2 complex rather than FGF-2 alone. The release of this complex significantly restored hMSC proliferation, which was abolished in serum-free medium and only partially restored by the release of FGF-2 alone as occurred with polymer covalently bound to HS. We also demonstrate that exposure to HS/FGF-2 during early growth but not during post-confluence is essential for hMSC differentiation down the fibroblast lineage, which suggests that both factors are required to establish the correct stem cell commitment that is necessary to support subsequent differentiation. In conclusion, the delivery platform described here is a step towards the development of a new class of biomaterial that enables the prolonged, non-covalent binding and controlled delivery of growth factors and cofactors without altering their potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Calarco
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Sun LY, Hsieh DK, Syu WS, Li YS, Chiu HT, Chiou TW. Cell proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on biodegradable microcarriers enhances in vitro differentiation potential. Cell Prolif 2010; 43:445-56. [PMID: 20887551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2010.00694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES For reasons of provision of highly-specific surface area and three-dimensional culture, microcarrier culture (MC) has garnered great interest for its potential to expand anchorage-dependent stem cells. This study utilizes MC for in vitro expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and analyses its effects on BMMSC proliferation and differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effects of semi-continuous MC compared to control plate culture (PC) and serial bead-to-bead transfer MC (MC bead-T) on human BMMSCs were investigated. Cell population growth kinetics, cell phenotypes and differentiation potential of cells were assayed. RESULTS Maximum cell density and overall fold increase in cell population growth were similar between PCs and MCs with similar starting conditions, but lag period of BMMSC growth differed substantially between the two; moreover, MC cells exhibited reduced granularity and higher CXCR4 expression. Differentiation of BMMSCs into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages was enhanced after 3 days in MC. However, MC bead-T resulted in changes in cell granularity and lower osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential. CONCLUSIONS In comparison to PC, MC supported expansion of BMMSCs in an up-scalable three-dimensional culture system using a semi-continuous process, increasing potential for stem cell homing ability and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L-Y Sun
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Origin of Ewing's Sarcoma. Sarcoma 2010; 2011. [PMID: 20953407 PMCID: PMC2952797 DOI: 10.1155/2011/276463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of Ewing's sarcoma is a subject of much debate. Once thought to be derived from primitive neuroectodermal cells, many now believe it to arise from a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). Expression of the EWS-FLI1 fusion gene in MSCs changes cell morphology to resemble Ewing's sarcoma and induces expression of neuroectodermal markers. In murine cells, transformation to sarcomas can occur. In knockdown experiments, Ewing's sarcoma cells develop characteristics of MSCs and the ability to differentiate into mesodermal lineages. However, it cannot be concluded that MSCs are the cell of origin. The concept of an MSC still needs to be rigorously defined, and there may be different subpopulations of mesenchymal pluripotential cells. Furthermore, EWS-FLI1 by itself does not transform human cells, and cooperating mutations appear to be necessary. Therefore, while it is possible that Ewing's sarcoma may originate from a primitive mesenchymal cell, the idea needs to be refined further.
Collapse
|