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Hernández-Álvarez DM, Pacheco L, Velasco-Segura R, Pérez de la Mora M, Tejeda-Romero C, González-García N. Default Mode Network Efficiency Is Correlated With Deficits in Inhibition in Adolescents With Inhalant Use Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:209. [PMID: 32273856 PMCID: PMC7113382 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that alterations in cognitive function and damage to brain structures are often found in adolescents who have substance use disorder (SUD). However, deficits in executive cognitive functioning in adolescents related to the vulnerability and consumption of such substances are not well known. In this study, we use graph theoretic analysis to compare the network efficiency in the resting state for three networks-default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN) and fronto-parietal network (FPN)-between inhalant-consuming adolescents and a control group (12 to 17 years old). We analyzed whether the efficiency of these functional networks was related to working memory, mental flexibility, inhibition of response, and sequential planning. We found that, when compared to the control group, inhalant-consuming adolescents presented with important deficits in communication among brain regions that comprise the DMN, SN, and FPN networks. DMN is the most affected network by inhalant abuse during adolescence. The mediation analyses suggested that the relationship between inhalant abuse and inhibitory control and sequential planning was partly mediated by DMN efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dailett M Hernández-Álvarez
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucero Pacheco
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Velasco-Segura
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Pérez de la Mora
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Nadia González-García
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Wang Z, Molsberry SA, Cheng Y, Kingsley L, Levine AJ, Martin E, Munro CA, Ragin A, Rubin LH, Sacktor N, Seaberg EC, Becker JT. Cross-sectional analysis of cognitive function using multivariate normative comparisons in men with HIV disease. AIDS 2019; 33:2115-2124. [PMID: 31335803 PMCID: PMC6832818 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence estimates of cognitive impairment in HIV disease vary widely. Here we used multivariate normative comparison (MNC) with identify individuals with impaired cognition, and to compare the results with those using the Frascati and Gisslén criteria. METHODS The current project used data collected before October 2014 from bisexual/gay men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. A total of 2904 men (mean age 39.7 years, 52.7% seropositive) had complete data in six cognitive domains at their first neuropsychological evaluation. T-scores were computed for each domain and the MNC was applied to detect impairment among seronegative and seropositive groups. RESULTS The MNC classified 6.26% of seronegative men as being impaired using a predetermined 5% false discovery rate. By contrast, the Frascati and the Gisslén criteria identified 24.54 and 11.36% of seronegative men as impaired. For seropositive men, the percentage impairment was 7.45, 25.73, and 11.69%, respectively, by the MNC, Frascati and Gisslén criteria. When we used seronegative men without medical comorbidities as the control group, the MNC, the Frascati and the Gisslén criteria identified 5.05, 27.07, and 4.21% of the seronegative men, and 4.34, 30.95, and 4.48% of the seropositive men as having cognitive impairment. For each method, serostatus was not associated with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION The MNC controls the false discovery rate and therefore avoids the low specificity that characterizes the Frascati and Gisslén criteria. More research is needed to evaluate the sensitivity of the MNC method in a seropositive population that may be sicker and older than the current study sample and that includes women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- aDepartment of Statistics bDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania cPopulation Health Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts dDepartment of Epidemiology eDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania fDepartment of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California gDepartment of Psychiatry, Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois hDepartment of Psychiatry iDepartment of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland jDepartment of Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois kDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland lDepartment of Psychiatry mDepartment of Neurology nDepartment of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lisdahl KM, Sher KJ, Conway KP, Gonzalez R, Feldstein Ewing SW, Nixon SJ, Tapert S, Bartsch H, Goldstein RZ, Heitzeg M. Adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study: Overview of substance use assessment methods. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 32:80-96. [PMID: 29559216 PMCID: PMC6375310 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the objectives of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (https://abcdstudy.org/) is to establish a national longitudinal cohort of 9 and 10 year olds that will be followed for 10 years in order to prospectively study the risk and protective factors influencing substance use and its consequences, examine the impact of substance use on neurocognitive, health and psychosocial outcomes, and to understand the relationship between substance use and psychopathology. This article provides an overview of the ABCD Study Substance Use Workgroup, provides the goals for the workgroup, rationale for the substance use battery, and includes details on the substance use module methods and measurement tools used during baseline, 6-month and 1-year follow-up assessment time-points. Prospective, longitudinal assessment of these substance use domains over a period of ten years in a nationwide sample of youth presents an unprecedented opportunity to further understand the timing and interactive relationships between substance use and neurocognitive, health, and psychopathology outcomes in youth living in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2441 East Hartford Ave, 224 Garland Hall, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States.
| | - Kenneth J Sher
- Curators' Professor of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Kevin P Conway
- Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse,6001 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Raul Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University,11200 SW 8th Street AHC-4, 461, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Sarah W Feldstein Ewing
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail code: DC7P, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland OR 97239, United States
| | - Sara Jo Nixon
- Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 100256, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Susan Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, United States
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego,9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, United States
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry (primary) and Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute (secondary), Chief, Brain Imaging Center (BIC), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Leon and Norma Hess Center for Science and Medicine, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Mary Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan,4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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Goodkin K, Miller EN, Cox C, Reynolds S, Becker JT, Martin E, Selnes OA, Ostrow DG, Sacktor NC. Effect of ageing on neurocognitive function by stage of HIV infection: evidence from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Lancet HIV 2017; 4:e411-e422. [PMID: 28716545 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(17)30098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demographics of the HIV epidemic in the USA have shifted towards older age. We aimed to establish the relationship between the processes of ageing and HIV infection in neurocognitive impairment. METHODS With longitudinal data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a long-term prospective cohort study of the natural and treated history of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in the USA, we examined the effect of ageing, HIV infection (by disease stage), and their interaction on five neurocognitive domains: information processing speed, executive function, episodic memory, working memory, and motor function. We controlled for duration of serostatus in a subanalysis, as well as comorbidities and other factors that affect cognition. Analyses were by linear mixed models for longitudinal data. FINDINGS 5086 participants (47 886 visits) were included in the analytic sample (2278 HIV-seropositive participants contributed 20 477 visits and 2808 HIV-seronegative control participants contributed 27 409 visits). In an a-priori multivariate analysis with control variables including comorbidities and time since seroconversion, significant, direct negative effects of ageing were noted on all neurocognitive domains (p<0·0001 for all). Similar effects were noted for late-stage HIV disease progression on information processing speed (p=0·002), executive function (p<0·0001), motor function (p<0·0001), and working memory (p=0·001). Deleterious interaction effects were also noted in the domains of episodic memory (p=0·03) and motor function (p=0·02). INTERPRETATION A greater than expected effect of ageing on episodic memory and motor function with advanced stages of HIV infection suggests that these two domains are most susceptible to the progression of neurocognitive impairment caused by ageing in individuals with HIV. This deficit pattern suggests differential damage to the hippocampus and basal ganglia (specifically nigrostriatal pathways). Older individuals with HIV infection should be targeted for regular screening for HIV-associate neurocognitive disorder, particularly with tests referable to the episodic memory and motor domains. FUNDING National Institute of Mental Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Goodkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
| | - Eric N Miller
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ola A Selnes
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David G Ostrow
- David G Ostrow & Associates Consulting, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ned C Sacktor
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
Inhalant abuse is the intentional inhalation of a volatile substance for the purpose of achieving an altered mental state. As an important, yet underrecognized form of substance abuse, inhalant abuse crosses all demographic, ethnic, and socioeconomic boundaries, causing significant morbidity and mortality in school-aged and older children. This review presents current perspectives on epidemiology, detection, and clinical challenges of inhalant abuse and offers advice regarding the medical and mental health providers' roles in the prevention and management of this substance abuse problem. Also discussed is the misuse of a specific "over-the-counter" dissociative, dextromethorphan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Storck
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Laura Black
- New York University, Department of Psychiatry, One Park Avenue, 8 th floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Morgan Liddell
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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Scott KD, Scott AA. Adolescent inhalant use and executive cognitive functioning. Child Care Health Dev 2014; 40:20-8. [PMID: 23551203 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the association between inhalant use and executive cognitive functioning (ECF) and processing speed (PS) in 754 adjudicated poly-substance users on a series of neuropsychological tests. Poly-substance users who used inhalants (PSI = 262) and poly-substance users who did not use inhalants (PSO = 492) neuropsychological tests scores were compared. Hispanic Americans comprised 72% of the participants; European Americans, African Americans and Asian Americans comprised 28% of the participants. METHODS Standardized neuropsychological tests were used to assess ECF and PS. Psychosocial and substance abuse standardized surveys were used to assess drug use severity and psychosocial problems associated with substance use. RESULTS Multiple Analysis of Covariance shows that PSI users who used inhalants performed worse on ECF and PS measures in comparison to non-inhalant poly-substance users (PSO). PSI users were younger, used more drugs and had more psychiatric admissions than PSO users. CONCLUSION PSI users initiate substances at a younger age and experienced more ECF and PS deficits, and behavioural problems in comparison to PSO users. The results of this study suggest that PS has direct effect on ECF and psychosocial outcomes in PSI users.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Scott
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
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