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Rossi FW, Prevete N, Rivellese F, Lobasso A, Napolitano F, Granata F, Selleri C, de Paulis A. HIV-1 Nef promotes migration and chemokine synthesis of human basophils and mast cells through the interaction with CXCR4. Clin Mol Allergy 2016; 14:15. [PMID: 27822141 PMCID: PMC5088669 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-016-0052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Nef protein can be detected in plasma of HIV-1-infected patients and plays a role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1. Nef produced during the early stages of infection is fundamental in creating the ideal environment for viral replication, e.g. by reducing the ability of infected cells to induce an immune response. Aim Based on previous experience showing that both Tat and gp41 of HIV-1 are potent chemotactic factors for basophils and mast cells, and gp120 is a powerful stimulus for the release of histamine and cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) from basophils, in this study we aimed to verify if the HIV Nef protein can exert some effects on basophils and mast cells purified from healthy volunteers through the interaction with the CXCL12 receptor, CXCR4. Methods Basophils purified from peripheral blood cells of 30 healthy volunteers and mast cells obtained from lung tissue of ten healthy volunteers were tested by flow cytometric analysis, chemotaxis and chemokine production by ELISA assays. Results Nef is a potent chemoattractant for basophils and lung mast cells obtained from healthy, HIV-1 and HIV-2 seronegative individuals. Incubation of basophils and mast cells with Nef induces the release of chemokines (CXCL8/IL-8 and CCL3/MIP-1α). The chemotactic activity of Nef on basophils and mast cells is mediated by the interaction with CXCR4 receptors, being blocked by preincubation of FcεRI+ cells with an anti-CXCR4 Ab. Stimulation with Nef or CXCL12/SDF-1α, a CXCR4 ligand, desensitizes basophils to a subsequent challenge with an autologous or heterologous stimulus. Conclusions These results indicate that Nef, a HIV-1-encoded α-chemokine homolog protein, plays a direct role in basophils and mast cell recruitment and activation at sites of HIV-1 replication, by promoting directional migration of human FcεRI+ cells and the release of chemokines from these cells. Together with our previous results, these data suggest that FcεRI+ cells contribute to the dysregulation of the immune system in HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nella Prevete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Rivellese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy ; Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Antonio Lobasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Hematology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Guo A, Zhu W, Zhang C, Wen S, Chen X, Chen M, Zhang J, Su J, Chen W, Zhao Y, Yan S, He Y, Liu Z, Zhou H, Chen X, Li J. Association of FCER1A genetic polymorphisms with risk for chronic spontaneous urticaria and efficacy of nonsedating H1-antihistamines in Chinese patients. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 307:183-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Borriello F, Granata F, Varricchi G, Genovese A, Triggiani M, Marone G. Immunopharmacological modulation of mast cells. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 17:45-57. [PMID: 25063971 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells produce a wide spectrum of mediators and they have been implicated in several physiopathological conditions (e.g. allergic reactions and certain tumors). Pharmacologic agents that modulate the release of mediators from mast cells has helped to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms by which immunological and non-immunological stimuli activate these cells. Furthermore, the study of surface receptors and signaling pathways associated with mast cell activation revealed novel pharmacologic targets. Thus, the development of pharmacologic agents based on this new wave of knowledge holds promise for the treatment of several mast cell-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Borriello
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Genovese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, School of Medicine, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Borrelli I, Loffredo S, Staiano RI, Frattini A, Marone G, Triggiani M. Benzene metabolites inhibit the release of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines from human basophils. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010; 23:737-44. [PMID: 20943043 DOI: 10.1177/039463201002300307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene and its metabolites have been involved in the pathogenesis of chronic lung inflammation and allergic disorders such as bronchial asthma. However, the effects of these xenobiotics on human basophils, key cells in the development of respiratory allergy, have not been investigated. We examined the effects of hydroquinone (HQ) and benzoquinone (BQ), two important chemicals implicated in benzene toxicity, on the release of preformed (histamine) and de novo synthesized mediators (cysteinyl leukotriene C4, LTC4, and IL-4) from human basophils. Preincubation of basophils purified from normal donors with HQ (3-100 microM) inhibited up to 30% histamine release induced by anti-IgE and up to 55% of that induced by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. HQ had no effect on histamine release induced by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-Met-Leu-Phe). Preincubation of basophils with BQ (3-100 microM) resulted in the concentration-dependent inhibition of histamine release (up to 70%) induced by anti-IgE, A23187 and f-Met-Leu-Phe. HQ completely suppressed the de novo synthesis of LTC4 from basophils challenged with anti-IgE or f-Met-Leu-Phe and the production of IL-4 in cells stimulated with anti-IgE. These results indicate that two major benzene metabolites, HQ and BQ, inhibit the release of proinflammatory mediators and Th2-promoting cytokines from basophils activated by different stimuli. These results suggest that benzene metabolites interfere with multiple intracellular signals involved in the activation of human basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Borrelli
- Institute of Occupational Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Lung mast cells are a source of secreted phospholipases A2. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124:558-65, 565.e1-3. [PMID: 19541351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secreted phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)s) are released in plasma and other biologic fluids of patients with inflammatory, autoimmune, and allergic diseases. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate sPLA(2) activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthmatic patients and to examine the expression and release of sPLA(2)s from primary human lung mast cells (HLMCs). METHODS sPLA(2) activity was measured in BALF and supernatants of either unstimulated or anti-IgE-activated HLMCs as hydrolysis of oleic acid from radiolabeled Escherichia coli membranes. Expression of sPLA(2)s was examined by using RT-PCR. The release of cysteinyl leukotriene (LT) C(4) was measured by means of enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity was higher in the BALF of asthmatic patients than in the control group. BALF PLA(2) activity was blocked by the sPLA(2) inhibitors dithiothreitol and Me-Indoxam but not by the cytosolic PLA(2) inhibitor AZ-1. HLMCs spontaneously released a PLA(2) activity that was increased on stimulation with anti-IgE. This PLA(2) activity was blocked by dithiothreitol and Me-Indoxam but not by AZ-1. HLMCs constitutively express mRNA for group IB, IIA, IID, IIE, IIF, III, V, X, XIIA, and XIIB sPLA(2)s. Anti-IgE did not modify the expression of sPLA(2)s. The cell-impermeable inhibitor Me-Indoxam significantly reduced (up to 40%) the production of LTC(4) from anti-IgE-stimulated HLMCs. CONCLUSIONS sPLA(2) activity is increased in the airways of asthmatic patients. HLMCs express multiple sPLA(2)s and release 1 or more of them when activated by anti-IgE. The sPLA(2)s released by mast cells contribute to LTC(4) production by acting in an autocrine fashion. Mast cells can be a source of sPLA(2)s in the airways of asthmatic patients.
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Zhou YD, Fang XF, Cui ZJ. UVA-induced calcium oscillations in rat mast cells. Cell Calcium 2009; 45:18-28. [PMID: 18602157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 04/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UVA is a major bio-active component in solar irradiation, and is shown to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The detailed molecular mechanism of UVA action in regard to calcium signaling in mast cells, however, is not fully understood. In this study, it was found that UVA induced ROS formation and cytosolic calcium oscillations in individual rat mast cells. Exogenously added H2O2 and hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HX/XOD) mimicked UVA effects on cytosolic calcium increases. Regular calcium oscillation induced by UVA irradiation was inhibited completely by the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C inhibitor U73122, but U73343 was without effect. Tetrandrine, a calcium entry blocker, or calcium-free buffer abolished UVA-induced calcium oscillations. L-type calcium channel blocker nifedipine and stores-operated calcium channel blocker SK&F96365 had no such inhibitory effect. ROS induction by UVA was abolished after pre-incubation with anti-oxidant NAC or with NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor DPI; such treatment also made UVA-induced calcium oscillation to disappear. UVA irradiation did not increase mast cell diameter, but it made mast cell structure more granular. Spectral confocal imaging revealed that the emission spectrum of the endogenous fluorophore in single mast cell contained a sizable peak which corresponded to that of NAD(P)H. Taken together, these data suggest that UVA in rat mast cells could activate NAD(P)H oxidase, to produce ROS, which in turn activates phospholipase C signaling, to trigger regular cytosolic calcium oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong Zhou
- Institute of Cell Biology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Roumestan C, Henriquet C, Gougat C, Michel A, Bichon F, Portet K, Jaffuel D, Mathieu M. Histamine H1-receptor antagonists inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 activities via H1-receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 38:947-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Gilmartin L, Tarleton CA, Schuyler M, Wilson BS, Oliver JM. A comparison of inflammatory mediators released by basophils of asthmatic and control subjects in response to high-affinity IgE receptor aggregation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 145:182-92. [PMID: 17912006 DOI: 10.1159/000109287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In human blood basophils, cross-linking the high-affinity IgE receptor Fc epsilonRI with multivalent antigen activates a signaling pathway leading to secretion of inflammatory mediators and cytokine production. Basophils are known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma but there has been no comprehensive examination of the effectors these cells produce. Here a study of the transcription and release of a selection of chemokines and cytokines from basophils was undertaken. METHODS A Cartesian antibody array provided an effective method of assaying for multiple cytokines and chemokines simultaneously. Results were verified by RT-PCR and ELISA assays. This allowed the comparison of freshly prepared peripheral blood basophil responses to cross-linking of the high-affinity IgE receptor, with and without preincubation with IL-3. RESULTS Evidence that human blood basophils produce the chemokines MIP-5, eotaxin and GM-CSF was provided by antibody array and RT-PCR analyses. Preincubation with IL-3 enhanced the expression and release of IL-13, IL-8 and mRNA transcripts encoding MIP-5 and GATA2 in basophils from both asthmatic and control subjects. Leptin mRNA transcription, storage and release in basophils are described for the first time. CONCLUSIONS Surveying cytokine and chemokines stored and released by peripheral blood basophils shows that asthmatic and control subjects share similar profiles even when their degranulation responses are distinct. Evidence is provided for the production of leptin, GM-CSF, eotaxin and MIP-5 by peripheral blood basophils. IL-3 preincubation enhances the production and release of IL-8 upon IgE receptor cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gilmartin
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, N. Mex. 87131, USA
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Ding L, Zhong Y, Song Q, Li L, Yang L, Wen A. LC-ESI-MS Method for the Determination of Mizolastine in Human Plasma. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Theoharides TC, Kempuraj D, Tagen M, Conti P, Kalogeromitros D. Differential release of mast cell mediators and the pathogenesis of inflammation. Immunol Rev 2007; 217:65-78. [PMID: 17498052 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are well known for their involvement in allergic and anaphylactic reactions, during which immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor (Fc epsilon RI) aggregation leads to exocytosis of the content of secretory granules (1000 nm), commonly known as degranulation, and secretion of multiple mediators. Recent findings implicate mast cells also in inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, where mast cells appear to be intact by light microscopy. Mast cells can be activated by bacterial or viral antigens, cytokines, growth factors, and hormones, leading to differential release of distinct mediators without degranulation. This process appears to involve de novo synthesis of mediators, such as interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor, with release through secretory vesicles (50 nm), similar to those in synaptic transmission. Moreover, the signal transduction steps necessary for this process appear to be largely distinct from those known in Fc epsilon RI-dependent degranulation. How these differential mast cell responses are controlled is still unresolved. No clinically available pharmacological agents can inhibit either degranulation or mast cell mediator release. Understanding this process could help develop mast cell inhibitors of selective mediator release with novel therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts - New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hua Z, Fei H, Mingming X. Evaluation and interference of serum and skin lesion levels of leukotrienes in patients with eczema. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006; 75:51-5. [PMID: 16757158 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the levels of leukotrienes (LTs), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in patients with eczema and observe the effects inversed by mizolastine. Serum LTB4, LTC4, IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma and urinary LTE4 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and LTB4, LTC4, LTE4 concentrations of cutis tissue were measured by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in 10 eczema patients and 10 healthy volunteers. Eczema patients received mizolastine 10 mg once a day for 5 days, respectively, for comparison between before and after treatment. The above markers were assayed again after treatment. Serum LTB4, LTC4, IL-2, IFN-gamma and urinary LTE4 and skin tissue LTB4, LTC4, LTE4 levels in patients are higher than those in healthy volunteers significantly (P < 0.05). But serum IL-4 level did not show significant difference between patients and normal controls (P > 0.05). Mizolastine significantly reduced serum LTB4 and IFN-gamma levels as well as skin lesion LTB4, LTC4, LTE4 concentrations. LTs are involved in the pathogenesis of eczema. Mizolastine clearly reduces LTs levels in skin lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Hua
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Xia Q, Zhou WM, Yang S, Zhang SQ, Chen B, Wang DB, Wang Y, Zhang XJ. Influence of mizolastine on antigen-induced activation of signalling pathways in murine mast cells. Clin Exp Dermatol 2006; 31:260-5. [PMID: 16487106 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2006.02050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is accumulating evidence that some antihistamines can interrupt intermediate signalling events that regulate cell function. The effect of mizolastine on both the generation and release process of many cytokines in mast cells further implies that the inhibition by mizolastine may target signalling pathways. AIM To observe the influence of mizolastine on antigen-induced activation of signalling pathways in murine mast cells. METHODS Western blot analysis and enzyme assay were performed. Immunoblots were prepared from whole cell lysates and probed with antibodies against Fyn, Akt, ERK, p38, phospho-Fyn, phospho-Akt, phospho-ERK and phospho-p38, respectively. RESULTS Our study showed that signalling molecules such as IP3, Fyn, p38 and ERK were enhanced when mast cells were stimulated by antigen, and that this was not inhibited by treatment with mizolastine. Mizolastine at concentrations from 10(-9) to 10(-5) mol/L could inhibit activation of the PI3K kinase downstream signalling molecule Akt to antigen stimulation. The study also demonstrated that mizolastine exerted inhibitory ability on protein kinase C (PKC) activation in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION PKC-mediated phosphorylation of Akt can be blocked by mizolastine. There may be a PKC-independent pathway effectively activating MAPK pathways in mast cells in response to antigen induction, which cannot be affected by mizolastine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Xia
- Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Marone G, Triggiani M, Genovese A, De Paulis A. Role of human mast cells and basophils in bronchial asthma. Adv Immunol 2005; 88:97-160. [PMID: 16227089 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(05)88004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells and basophils are the only cells expressing the tetrameric (alphabetagamma2) structure of the high affinity receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRI) and synthesizing histamine in humans. Human FcepsilonRI+ cells are conventionally considered primary effector cells of bronchial asthma. There is now compelling evidence that these cells differ immunologically, biochemically, and pharmacologically, which suggests that they might play distinct roles in the appearance and fluctuation of the asthma phenotype. Recent data have revealed the complexity of the involvement of human mast cells and basophils in asthma and have shed light on the control of recruitment and activation of these cells in different lung compartments. Preliminary evidence suggests that these cells might not always be detrimental in asthma but, under some circumstances, they might exert a protective effect by modulating certain aspects of innate and acquired immunity and allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Marone
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, I-80131 Naples, Italy
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