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Ehrhardt B, Angstmann H, Höschler B, Kovacevic D, Hammer B, Roeder T, Rabe KF, Wagner C, Uliczka K, Krauss-Etschmann S. Airway specific deregulation of asthma-related serpins impairs tracheal architecture and oxygenation in D. melanogaster. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16567. [PMID: 39019933 PMCID: PMC11255251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Serine proteases are important regulators of airway epithelial homeostasis. Altered serum or cellular levels of two serpins, Scca1 and Spink5, have been described for airway diseases but their function beyond antiproteolytic activity is insufficiently understood. To close this gap, we generated fly lines with overexpression or knockdown for each gene in the airways. Overexpression of both fly homologues of Scca1 and Spink5 induced the growth of additional airway branches, with more variable results for the respective knockdowns. Dysregulation of Scca1 resulted in a general delay in fruit fly development, with increases in larval and pupal mortality following overexpression of this gene. In addition, the morphological changes in the airways were concomitant with lower tolerance to hypoxia. In conclusion, the observed structural changes of the airways evidently had a strong impact on the airway function in our model as they manifested in a lower physical fitness of the animals. We assume that this is due to insufficient tissue oxygenation. Future work will be directed at the identification of key molecular regulators following the airway-specific dysregulation of Scca1 and Spink5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Ehrhardt
- Division of Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Parkallee 1, 23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Hanna Angstmann
- Division of Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Parkallee 1, 23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Beate Höschler
- Division of Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Parkallee 1, 23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Draginja Kovacevic
- Division of Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Parkallee 1, 23845, Borstel, Germany
- DZL Laboratory for Experimental Microbiome Research, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Barbara Hammer
- Division of Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Parkallee 1, 23845, Borstel, Germany
- DZL Laboratory for Experimental Microbiome Research, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Division of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- Department of Pneumology, LungenClinic, Grosshansdorf, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christina Wagner
- Division of Invertebrate Models, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Karin Uliczka
- Division of Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Parkallee 1, 23845, Borstel, Germany
- Division of Invertebrate Models, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Division of Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Parkallee 1, 23845, Borstel, Germany.
- DZL Laboratory for Experimental Microbiome Research, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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2
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Rusiñol L, Puig L. Multi-Omics Approach to Improved Diagnosis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1042. [PMID: 38256115 PMCID: PMC10815999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis fall within the category of cutaneous immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). The prevalence of IMIDs is increasing in industrialized societies, influenced by both environmental changes and a genetic predisposition. However, the exact immune factors driving these chronic, progressive diseases are not fully understood. By using multi-omics techniques in cutaneous IMIDs, it is expected to advance the understanding of skin biology, uncover the underlying mechanisms of skin conditions, and potentially devise precise and personalized approaches to diagnosis and treatment. We provide a narrative review of the current knowledge in genomics, epigenomics, and proteomics of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. A literature search was performed for articles published until 30 November 2023. Although there is still much to uncover, recent evidence has already provided valuable insights, such as proteomic profiles that permit differentiating psoriasis from mycosis fungoides and β-defensin 2 correlation to PASI and its drop due to secukinumab first injection, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Rusiñol
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Docent Hospital Universitari Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Docent Hospital Universitari Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Moltrasio C, Romagnuolo M, Riva D, Colavito D, Ferrucci SM, Marzano AV, Tadini G, Brena M. Netherton Syndrome Caused by Heterozygous Frameshift Mutation Combined with Homozygous c.1258A>G Polymorphism in SPINK5 Gene. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051080. [PMID: 37239440 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by SPINK5 mutations, resulting in a deficiency in its processed protein LEKTI. It is clinically characterized by the triad of congenital ichthyosis, atopic diathesis, and hair shaft abnormalities. The SPINK5 (NM_006846.4): c.1258A>G polymorphism (rs2303067) shows a significant association with atopy and atopic dermatitis (AD), which share several clinical features with NS. We describe an NS patient, initially misdiagnosed with severe AD, who carried the heterozygous frameshift (null) mutation (NM_006846.4): c.957_960dup combined with homozygous rs2303067 in the SPINK5 gene. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis, whereas an immunohistochemical study showed normal epidermal expression of LEKTI, despite the genetic findings. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that haploinsufficiency of SPINK5, in the presence of a SPINK5 null heterozygous mutation in combination with homozygous SPINK5 rs2303067 polymorphism, can be causative of an NS phenotype, impairing the function of LEKTI despite its normal expression. Due to the clinical overlap between NS and AD, we suggest performing SPINK5 genetic testing to search for the SPINK5 (NM_006846.4): c.1258A>G polymorphism (rs2303067) and ensure a correct diagnosis, mainly in doubtful cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Moltrasio
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Romagnuolo
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Riva
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Colavito
- Research & Innovation S.R.L. (R&I Genetics), 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Mariel Ferrucci
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Valerio Marzano
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tadini
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Brena
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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4
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Inborn errors of immunity manifesting as atopic disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1130-1139. [PMID: 34428518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity are traditionally best known for enhancing susceptibility to infections. However, allergic inflammation, among other types of immune dysregulation, occurs frequently in patients with inborn errors of immunity. As such, the term primary atopic disorders (PADs) was recently coined to describe the group of heritable monogenic allergic disorders. It is becoming increasingly important for clinicians to recognize that allergic diseases such as food allergy, atopic dermatitis, and allergic asthma are expressions of misdirected immunity, and in patients who present with severe, early-onset, or coexisting allergic conditions, these can be indications of an underlying PAD. Identifying monogenic allergic disease through next-generation sequencing can dramatically improve outcomes by allowing the use of precision-based therapy targeting the patient's underlying molecular defect. It is therefore imperative that clinicians recognize PADs to be able to provide informed therapeutic options and improve patient outcomes. Here, we summarize the clinical features commonly seen with each of the currently known PADs, identify clinical warning signs that warrant assessment for PADs, and lastly, discuss the benefits of timely diagnosis and management of these conditions.
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5
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Margaritte-Jeannin P, Budu-Aggrey A, Ege M, Madore AM, Linhard C, Mohamdi H, von Mutius E, Granell R, Demenais F, Laprise C, Bouzigon E, Dizier MH. Identification of OCA2 as a novel locus for the co-morbidity of asthma-plus-eczema. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 52:70-81. [PMID: 34155719 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous genes have been associated with the three most common allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis or eczema) but these genes explain only a part of the heritability. In the vast majority of genetic studies, complex phenotypes such as co-morbidity of two of these diseases, have not been considered. This may partly explain missing heritability. OBJECTIVE To identify genetic variants specifically associated with the co-morbidity of asthma-plus-eczema. METHODS We first conducted a meta-analysis of four GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Study) of the combined asthma-plus-eczema phenotype (total of 8807 European-ancestry subjects of whom 1208 subjects had both asthma and eczema). To assess whether the association with SNP(s) was specific to the co-morbidity, we also conducted a meta-analysis of homogeneity test of association according to disease status ("asthma-plus-eczema" vs. the presence of only one disease "asthma only or eczema only"). We then used a joint test by combining the two test statistics from the co-morbidity-SNP association and the phenotypic heterogeneity of SNP effect meta-analyses. RESULTS Seven SNPs were detected for specific association to the asthma-plus-eczema co-morbidity, two with significant and five with suggestive evidence using the joint test after correction for multiple testing. The two significant SNPs are located in the OCA2 gene (Oculocutaneous Albinism II), a new locus never detected for significant evidence of association with any allergic disease. This gene is a promising candidate gene, because of its link to skin and lung diseases, and to epithelial barrier and immune mechanisms. CONCLUSION Our study underlines the importance of studying sub-phenotypes as co-morbidities to detect new susceptibility genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley Budu-Aggrey
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Markus Ege
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Madore
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Centre Intersectoriel en Santé Durable (CISD), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Erika von Mutius
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Granell
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Catherine Laprise
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Centre Intersectoriel en Santé Durable (CISD), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
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Gans MD, Gavrilova T. Understanding the immunology of asthma: Pathophysiology, biomarkers, and treatments for asthma endotypes. Paediatr Respir Rev 2020; 36:118-127. [PMID: 31678040 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common disease in paediatrics and adults with a significant morbidity, mortality, and financial burden worldwide. Asthma is now recognized as a heterogeneous disease and emerging clinical and laboratory research has elucidated understanding of asthma's underlying immunology. The future of asthma is classifying asthma by endotype through connecting discernible characteristics with immunological mechanisms. This comprehensive review of the immunology of asthma details the currently known pathophysiology and clinical practice biomarkers in addition to forefront biologic and targeted therapies for all of the asthma endotypes. By understanding the immunology of asthma, practitioners will be able to diagnose patients by asthma endotype and provide personalized, biomarker-driven treatments to effectively control patients' asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Gans
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Montefiore Medical Center, 1525 Blondell Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Tatyana Gavrilova
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Montefiore Medical Center, 1525 Blondell Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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7
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Uemasu K, Tanabe N, Tanimura K, Hasegawa K, Mizutani T, Hamakawa Y, Sato S, Ogawa E, Thomas MJ, Ikegami M, Muro S, Hirai T, Sato A. Serine Protease Imbalance in the Small Airways and Development of Centrilobular Emphysema in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:67-78. [PMID: 32101459 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0377oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial dysfunction in the small airways may cause the development of emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α), a transcription factor, is required for lung maturation during development, and is also important for lung homeostasis after birth, including the maintenance of serine protease/antiprotease balance in the bronchiolar epithelium. This study aimed to show the roles of C/EBPα in the distal airway during chronic cigarette smoke exposure in mice and in the small airways in smokers. In a model of chronic smoke exposure using epithelial cell-specific C/EBPα-knockout mice, significant pathological phenotypes, such as higher protease activity, impaired ciliated cell regeneration, epithelial cell barrier dysfunction via reduced zonula occludens-1 (Zo-1), and decreased alveolar attachments, were found in C/EBPα-knockout mice compared with control mice. We found that Spink5 (serine protease inhibitor kazal-type 5) gene (encoding lymphoepithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor [LEKTI], an anti-serine protease) expression in the small airways is a key regulator of protease activity in this model. Finally, we showed that daily antiprotease treatment counteracted the phenotypes of C/EBPα-knockout mice. In human studies, CEBPA (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α) gene expression in the lung was downregulated in patients with emphysema, and six smokers with centrilobular emphysema (CLE) showed a significant reduction in LEKTI in the small airways compared with 22 smokers without CLE. LEKTI downregulation in the small airways was associated with disease development during murine small airway injury and CLE in humans, suggesting that LEKTI might be a key factor linking small airway injury to the development of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Uemasu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Tanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tanimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Hasegawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Mizutani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Hamakawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emiko Ogawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Health Administration Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Matthew J Thomas
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Ko KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Machiko Ikegami
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Shigeo Muro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuyasu Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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8
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Lee E, Hong SJ. Phenotypes of allergic diseases in children and their application in clinical situations. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2019; 62:325-333. [PMID: 31096745 PMCID: PMC6753312 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2018.07395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis, are common heterogeneous diseases that encompass diverse phenotypes and different pathogeneses. Phenotype studies of allergic diseases can facilitate the identification of risk factors and their underlying pathophysiology, resulting in the application of more effective treatment, selection of better treatment responses, and prediction of prognosis for each phenotype. In the early phase of phenotype studies in allergic diseases, artificial classifications were usually performed based on clinical features, such as triggering factors or the presence of atopy, which can result in the biased classification of phenotypes and limit the characterization of heterogeneous allergic diseases. Subsequent phenotype studies have suggested more diverse phenotypes for each allergic disease using relatively unbiased statistical methods, such as cluster analysis or latent class analysis. The classifications of phenotypes in allergic diseases may overlap or be unstable over time due to their complex interactions with genetic and encountered environmental factors during the illness, which may affect the disease course and pathophysiology. In this review, diverse phenotype classifications of allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, and wheezing in children, allergic rhinitis, and atopy, are described. The review also discusses the applications of the results obtained from phenotype studies performed in other countries to Korean children. Consideration of changes in the characteristics of each phenotype over time in an individual’s lifespan is needed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Ichthyosis molecular fingerprinting shows profound T H17 skewing and a unique barrier genomic signature. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:604-618. [PMID: 29803800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ichthyoses are a group of rare skin disorders lacking effective treatments. Although genetic mutations are progressively delineated, comprehensive molecular phenotyping of ichthyotic skin could suggest much-needed pathogenesis-based therapy. OBJECTIVE We sought to profile the molecular fingerprint of the most common orphan ichthyoses. METHODS Gene, protein, and serum studies were performed on skin and blood samples from 29 patients (congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, n = 9; lamellar ichthyosis, n = 8; epidermolytic ichthyosis, n = 8; and Netherton syndrome, n = 4), as well as age-matched healthy control subjects (n = 14), patients with psoriasis (n = 30), and patients with atopic dermatitis (AD; n = 16). RESULTS Using criteria of a fold change of greater than 2 and a false discovery rate of less than 0.05, 132 differentially expressed genes were shared commonly among all ichthyoses, including many IL-17 and TNF-α-coregulated genes, which are considered hallmarks of psoriasis (defensin beta 4A, kynureninase, and vanin 3). Although striking upregulation of TH17 pathway genes (IL17F and IL36B/G) resembling that seen in patients with psoriasis was common to all patients with ichthyoses in a severity-related manner, patients with Netherton syndrome showed the greatest T-cell activation (inducible costimulator [ICOS]) and a broader immune phenotype with TH1/IFN-γ, OASL, and TH2/IL-4 receptor/IL-5 skewing, although less than seen in patients with AD (all P < .05). Ichthyoses lacked the epidermal differentiation and tight junction alterations of patients with AD (loricrin, filaggrin, and claudin 1) but showed characteristic alterations in lipid metabolism genes (ELOVL fatty acid elongase 3 and galanin), with parallel reductions in extracellular lipids and corneocyte compaction in all ichthyoses except epidermolytic ichthyosis, suggesting phenotypic variations. Transepidermal water loss, a functional barrier measure, significantly correlated with IL-17-regulated gene expression (IL17F and IL36A/IL36B/IL36G). CONCLUSION Similar to patients with AD and psoriasis, in whom cytokine dysregulation and barrier impairment orchestrate disease phenotypes, psoriasis-like immune dysregulation and lipid alterations characterize the ichthyoses. These data support the testing of IL-17/IL-36-targeted therapeutics for patients with ichthyosis similar to those used in patients with psoriasis.
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10
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Margaritte-Jeannin P, Babron MC, Laprise C, Lavielle N, Sarnowski C, Brossard M, Moffatt M, Gagné-Ouellet V, Etcheto A, Lathrop M, Just J, Cookson WO, Bouzigon E, Demenais F, Dizier MH. The COL5A3 and MMP9 genes interact in eczema susceptibility. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 48:297-305. [PMID: 29168291 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies of eczema have identified many genes, which explain only 14% of the heritability. Missing heritability may be partly due to ignored gene-gene (G-G) interactions. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to detect new interacting genes involved in eczema. METHODS The search for G-G interaction in eczema was conducted using a two-step approach, which included as a first step, a biological selection of genes, which are involved either in the skin or epidermis development or in the collagen metabolism, and as a second step, an interaction analysis of the selected genes. Analyses were carried out at both SNP and gene levels in three asthma-ascertained family samples: the discovery dataset of 388 EGEA (Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma) families and the two replication datasets of 253 SLSJ (Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean) families and 207 MRCA (Medical Research Council) families. RESULTS One pair of SNPs, rs2287807 in COL5A3 and rs17576 in MMP9, that were detected in EGEA at P ≤ 10-5 showed significant interaction by meta-analysis of EGEA, SLSJ and MRCA samples (P = 1.1 × 10-8 under the significant threshold of 10-7 ). Gene-based analysis confirmed strong interaction between COL5A3 and MMP9 (P = 4 × 10-8 under the significant threshold of 4 × 10-6 ) by meta-analysis of the three datasets. When stratifying the data on asthma, this interaction remained in both groups of asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects. CONCLUSION This study identified significant interaction between two new genes, COL5A3 and MMP9, which may be accounted for by a degradation of COL5A3 by MMP9 influencing eczema susceptibility. Further confirmation of this interaction as well as functional studies is needed to better understand the role of these genes in eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Margaritte-Jeannin
- Inserm, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases unit, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - M-C Babron
- Inserm, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases unit, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - C Laprise
- Université du Québec, Chicoutimi, Canada
| | - N Lavielle
- Inserm, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases unit, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - C Sarnowski
- Inserm, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases unit, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - M Brossard
- Inserm, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases unit, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - M Moffatt
- National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - A Etcheto
- Rheumatology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM U1153, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - M Lathrop
- Mc Gill University and Genome Quebec's Innovation Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - J Just
- Service d'Allergologie Pédiatrique, Centre de l'Asthme et des Allergies, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau-UPMC Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - W O Cookson
- National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - E Bouzigon
- Inserm, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases unit, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - F Demenais
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - M-H Dizier
- Inserm, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases unit, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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11
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Pfeffer PE, Corrigan CJ. An Imbalance between Proteases and Endogenous Protease Inhibitors in Eosinophilic Airway Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:707-708. [PMID: 28294660 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201610-2020ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Pfeffer
- 1 William Harvey Research Institute Queen Mary University of London and.,2 MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma King's College London, Guy's Hospital London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J Corrigan
- 2 MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma King's College London, Guy's Hospital London, United Kingdom
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12
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Ashley SE, Tan HTT, Vuillermin P, Dharmage SC, Tang MLK, Koplin J, Gurrin LC, Lowe A, Lodge C, Ponsonby AL, Molloy J, Martin P, Matheson MC, Saffery R, Allen KJ, Ellis JA, Martino D. The skin barrier function gene SPINK5 is associated with challenge-proven IgE-mediated food allergy in infants. Allergy 2017; 72:1356-1364. [PMID: 28213955 DOI: 10.1111/all.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A defective skin barrier is hypothesized to be an important route of sensitization to dietary antigens and may lead to food allergy in some children. Missense mutations in the serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5 (SPINK5) skin barrier gene have previously been associated with allergic conditions. OBJECTIVE To determine whether genetic variants in and around SPINK5 are associated with IgE-mediated food allergy. METHOD We genotyped 71 "tag" single nucleotide polymorphisms (tag-SNPs) within a region spanning ~263 kb including SPINK5 (~61 kb) in n=722 (n=367 food-allergic, n=199 food-sensitized-tolerant and n=156 non-food-allergic controls) 12-month-old infants (discovery sample) phenotyped for food allergy with the gold standard oral food challenge. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measures were collected at 12 months from a subset (n=150) of these individuals. SNPs were tested for association with food allergy using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test adjusting for ancestry strata. Association analyses were replicated in an independent sample group derived from four paediatric cohorts, total n=533 (n=203 food-allergic, n=330 non-food-allergic), mean age 2.5 years, with food allergy defined by either clinical history of reactivity, 95% positive predictive value (PPV) or challenge, corrected for ancestry by principal components. RESULTS SPINK5 variant rs9325071 (A⟶G) was associated with challenge-proven food allergy in the discovery sample (P=.001, OR=2.95, CI=1.49-5.83). This association was further supported by replication (P=.007, OR=1.58, CI=1.13-2.20) and by meta-analysis (P=.0004, OR=1.65). Variant rs9325071 is associated with decreased SPINK5 gene expression in the skin in publicly available genotype-tissue expression data, and we generated preliminary evidence for association of this SNP with elevated TEWL also. CONCLUSIONS We report, for the first time, association between SPINK5 variant rs9325071 and challenge-proven IgE-mediated food allergy.
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13
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Dežman K, Korošec P, Rupnik H, Rijavec M. SPINK5
is associated with early-onset and CHI3L1
with late-onset atopic dermatitis. Int J Immunogenet 2017; 44:212-218. [DOI: 10.1111/iji.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Dežman
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik; Golnik Slovenia
| | - P. Korošec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik; Golnik Slovenia
| | - H. Rupnik
- Department of Dermatovenereology; University Medical Centre Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
- Dermatology Centre Arsderma; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - M. Rijavec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik; Golnik Slovenia
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14
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Heymann PW, Nguyen HT, Steinke JW, Turner RB, Woodfolk JA, Platts-Mills TAE, Martin L, He H, Biagini Myers J, Lindsey M, Sivaprasad U, Medvedovic M, Mahi N, Carper H, Murphy DD, Patrie J, Khurana Hershey GK. Rhinovirus infection results in stronger and more persistent genomic dysregulation: Evidence for altered innate immune response in asthmatics at baseline, early in infection, and during convalescence. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178096. [PMID: 28552993 PMCID: PMC5446117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus (HRV) is associated with the large majority of virus-induced asthma exacerbations in children and young adults, but the mechanisms remain poorly defined. METHODS Asthmatics and non-asthmatic controls were inoculated with HRV-A16, and nasal epithelial samples were obtained 7 days before, 36 hours after, and 7 days after viral inoculation. RNA was extracted and subjected to RNA-seq analysis. RESULTS At baseline, 57 genes were differentially expressed between asthmatics and controls, and the asthmatics had decreased expression of viral replication inhibitors and increased expression of genes involved in inflammation. At 36 hours (before the emergence of peak symptoms), 1329 genes were significantly altered from baseline in the asthmatics compared to 62 genes in the controls. At this time point, asthmatics lacked an increase in IL-10 signaling observed in the controls. At 7 days following HRV inoculation, 222 genes were significantly dysregulated in the asthmatics, whereas only 4 genes were dysregulated among controls. At this time point, the controls but not asthmatics demonstrated upregulation of SPINK5. CONCLUSIONS As judged by the magnitude and persistence of dysregulated genes, asthmatics have a substantially different host response to HRV-A16 infection compared with non-asthmatic controls. Gene expression differences illuminate biologically plausible mechanisms that contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of HRV-induced asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W. Heymann
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Huyen-Tran Nguyen
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John W. Steinke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ronald B. Turner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Judith A. Woodfolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. E. Platts-Mills
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Lisa Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hua He
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn Biagini Myers
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark Lindsey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Umasundari Sivaprasad
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Naim Mahi
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Holliday Carper
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Deborah D. Murphy
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - James Patrie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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15
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Siva VS, Wang L, Qiu L, Zhou Z, Liu C, Yang J, Yang C, Song L. Polymorphism in a serine protease inhibitor gene and its association with the resistance of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) to Listonella anguillarum challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 59:1-8. [PMID: 27697559 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (SPIs) play a crucial role in regulation of both host and bacterial serine protease. They are classified into several protein families, where Kazal-type inhibitors are one of families with multi-domain. In the present study, the polymorphism of AiSPI from Bay scallop Argopecten irradians was found to be associated with disease resistance of bay scallop against Listonella anguillarum. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the exon region of AiSPI, where five SNPs were non-synonymous mutation. Three of these mutations were located in "kazal-like 3"domain, two SNP loci positioned at +536, +1312 were selected for further association studies. For the locus +536, the genotype frequency of A/G in the resistant stock (12.8%) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that in the susceptible stock (35.1%), while, the genotype A/A in the resistant stock (87.2%) was significantly higher in comparison with susceptible stock (64.9%) (p < 0.05). The G allele frequencies were 6.4% and 17.6% in resistant stock and susceptible stock, respectively, and χ2-test revealed a significant difference in the frequency distribution between the two stocks (p < 0.05). But there was no significant association between the mutation C-T at locus +1312 with either resistant or susceptible group (p > 0.05). The genotype frequencies of T/T, T/C, C/C at locus +1312 were 94.6%, 2.7% and 2.7% respectively in the susceptible stock, while 100%, 0% and 0% respectively in the resistant stock. The amino acid change for the mutation at locus +536 A-G was from asparagine to serine, and the predicted homology model of this amino acid variation could affect its function as well as the structural integrity of the domain. In vitro elastase inhibition assay of the protein variants at locus +536 was conducted to explicate the effect of SNP. The increasing concentration of protein (0 mmol/L- 2.93 mmol/L) was incubated with 80 nmol/L elastase where the residual enzyme activity values for rAiSPI (N) with A variant and rAiSPI (S) with G variant were started to reduce from 0.40 to 0.215 and 0.435 to 0.356, respectively. The elastase inhibition ability of rAiSPI (N) variant was significantly higher than that of rAiSPI (S) (p < 0.01). The results suggested that the mutation at locus +536A/A significantly associated with disease resistance of bay scallop would shed light for selective breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinu S Siva
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Centre for Climate Change Studies, Sathyabama University, Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Solinganallur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 119, India
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jialong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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16
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Luo W, Obeidat M, Di Narzo AF, Chen R, Sin DD, Paré PD, Hao K. Airway Epithelial Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Reveal Genes Underlying Asthma and Other Airway Diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:177-87. [PMID: 26102239 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0381oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified loci that are robustly associated with asthma and related phenotypes; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations need to be explored. The most relevant tissues to study the functional consequences of asthma are the airways. We used publically available data to derive expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for human epithelial cells from small and large airways and applied the eQTLs in the interpretation of GWAS results of asthma and related phenotypes. For the small airways (n = 105), we discovered 660 eQTLs at a 10% false discovery rate (FDR), among which 315 eQTLs were not previously reported in a large-scale eQTL study of whole lung tissue. A large fraction of the identified eQTLs is supported by data from Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) showing that the eQTLs reside in regulatory elements (57.5 and 67.6% of cis- and trans-eQTLs, respectively). Published pulmonary GWAS hits were enriched as airway epithelial eQTLs (9.2-fold). Further, genes regulated by asthma GWAS loci in epithelium are significantly enriched in immune response pathways, such as IL-4 signaling (FDR, 5.2 × 10(-4)). The airway epithelial eQTLs described in this study are complementary to previously reported lung eQTLs and represent a powerful resource to link GWAS-associated variants to their regulatory function and thus elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying asthma and airway-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- 1 College of Computer Science and Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China.,2 Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ma'en Obeidat
- 3 The University of British Columbia Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,4 Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Antonio Fabio Di Narzo
- 2 Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,5 Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and
| | - Rong Chen
- 2 Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,5 Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and
| | - Don D Sin
- 3 The University of British Columbia Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,4 Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter D Paré
- 3 The University of British Columbia Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,4 Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ke Hao
- 2 Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,5 Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and.,6 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Kim SH. Airway epithelial cells in airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2016.4.2.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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18
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McAleer MA, Pohler E, Smith FJD, Wilson NJ, Cole C, MacGowan S, Koetsier JL, Godsel LM, Harmon RM, Gruber R, Crumrine D, Elias PM, McDermott M, Butler K, Broderick A, Sarig O, Sprecher E, Green KJ, McLean WHI, Irvine AD. Severe dermatitis, multiple allergies, and metabolic wasting syndrome caused by a novel mutation in the N-terminal plakin domain of desmoplakin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1268-76. [PMID: 26073755 PMCID: PMC4649901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe dermatitis, multiple allergies, and metabolic wasting (SAM) syndrome is a recently recognized syndrome caused by mutations in the desmoglein 1 gene (DSG1). To date, only 3 families have been reported. Objective We studied a new case of SAM syndrome known to have no mutations in DSG1 to detail the clinical, histopathologic, immunofluorescent, and ultrastructural phenotype and to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms in this rare genodermatosis. Methods Histopathologic, electron microscopy, and immunofluorescent studies were performed. Whole-exome sequencing data were interrogated for mutations in desmosomal and other skin structural genes, followed by Sanger sequencing of candidate genes in the patient and his parents. Results No mutations were identified in DSG1; however, a novel de novo heterozygous missense c.1757A>C mutation in the desmoplakin gene (DSP) was identified in the patient, predicting the amino acid substitution p.His586Pro in the desmoplakin polypeptide. Conclusions SAM syndrome can be caused by mutations in both DSG1 and DSP. Knowledge of this genetic heterogeneity is important for both analysis of patients and genetic counseling of families. This condition and these observations reinforce the importance of heritable skin barrier defects, in this case desmosomal proteins, in the pathogenesis of atopic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve A McAleer
- Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Pediatric Dermatology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Pohler
- Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Frances J D Smith
- Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Wilson
- Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Cole
- Division of Computational Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart MacGowan
- Division of Computational Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer L Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lisa M Godsel
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert M Harmon
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert Gruber
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Debra Crumrine
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, and the Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Peter M Elias
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, and the Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Michael McDermott
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karina Butler
- Infectious Disease Department, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annemarie Broderick
- Department of Gastroenterology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ofer Sarig
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - W H Irwin McLean
- Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Alan D Irvine
- Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Pediatric Dermatology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
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19
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Martínez-Aguilar NE, Del Río-Navarro BE, Navarro-Olivos E, García-Ortíz H, Orozco L, Jiménez-Morales S. SPINK5 and ADRB2 haplotypes are risk factors for asthma in Mexican pediatric patients. J Asthma 2014; 52:232-9. [PMID: 25233048 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2014.966913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is one of the most common respiratory diseases worldwide, and the complexity of its etiology has been widely documented. Chromosome 5q31-33 is one of the main loci implicated in asthma and asthma-related traits. IL13, CD14 and ADRB2, which are located in this risk locus, are among the genes most strongly associated with asthma susceptibility. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms or haplotypes at 5q31-33 conferred risk for asthma in Mexican-Mestizo pediatric patients. METHODS We performed a case-controlled study including 851 individuals, 421 of them affected with childhood-onset asthma and 430 ethnically matched unaffected subjects. We used the TaqMan Allelic Discrimination Assay to genotype 20 single-nucleotide polymorphisms within IL5, RAD50, IL13, IL4, CD14, SPINK5, HTR4, ADRB2 and IL12B. RESULTS Although no association was detected for any risk allele, three SPINK5 haplotypes (GGCT: p = 6 × 10(-6); AATC: p = 0.0001; AGTT: p = 0.0001) and five ADRB2 haplotypes (AGGACC: p = 0.0014; AGGAAG: p = 0.0002; TGAGAG: p = 0.0001; AGGAAC: p = 0.0002; AAGGAG: p = 0.003) were associated with asthma. Notably, the AGTT SPINK5 haplotype exhibited a male gender-dependent association (p = 7.6 × 10(-5)). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SPINK5 and ADRB2 haplotypes might play a role in the susceptibility to childhood-onset asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Martínez-Aguilar
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional , México City , Mexico
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20
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Biagini Myers JM, Martin LJ, Kovacic MB, Mersha TB, He H, Pilipenko V, Lindsey MA, Ericksen MB, Bernstein DI, LeMasters GK, Lockey JE, Khurana Hershey GK. Epistasis between serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (SPINK5) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) genes contributes to childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:891-899.e3. [PMID: 24831437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial genes have previously been associated with asthma but only explain a small fraction of heritability. In part, this might be due to epistasis, which is often not considered. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine independent and epistatic associations between filaggrin (FLG), serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (SPINK5), and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) gene variants and childhood asthma. METHODS Using a candidate gene approach, we genotyped 29 variants in FLG, SPINK5, and TSLP in asthmatic, allergic, and nonallergic nonasthmatic white and black children participating in the well-phenotyped Greater Cincinnati Pediatric Clinic Repository. Associations with asthma were also assessed in 6 replication populations. RESULTS We observed independent associations of variants in SPINK5 (P = .003) and TSLP (P = .006) with childhood asthma; a SPINK5 single nucleotide polymorphism was replicated. In subjects with 1 or more SPINK5 risk alleles, the absence of the TSLP protective minor alleles was associated with a significant increase in asthma (67% vs 53%, P = .0017). In contrast, the presence or absence of TSLP minor alleles did not affect asthma risk in subjects without the SPINK5 risk alleles. The SPINK5 and TSLP epistasis was replicated in a black population (P = .036) who did not display independent association with variants in these genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results support epistasis between SPINK5 and TSLP, which contributes to childhood asthma. These findings emphasize the importance of using biology to inform analyses to identify genetic susceptibility to complex diseases. The results from our study have clinical relevance and support that the therapeutic effects of anti-TSLP therapy in asthmatic patients might be dependent on SPINK5 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M Biagini Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Melinda Butsch Kovacic
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tesfaye B Mersha
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hua He
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Valentina Pilipenko
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mark A Lindsey
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mark B Ericksen
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David I Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Grace K LeMasters
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James E Lockey
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Chung LP, Baltic S, Ferreira M, Temple S, Waterer G, Thompson PJ. Beta2 adrenergic receptor (ADRβ2) haplotype pair (2/4) is associated with severe asthma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93695. [PMID: 24691493 PMCID: PMC3972120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRβ2) polymorphisms including ADRβ2+46G>A have been reported to cause adverse outcomes in mild asthmatics. The extent to which ADRβ2 polymorphisms and in particular their haplotypes contribute to severe asthma is unknown. Objective To determine the association of ADRβ2 polymorphisms and haplotypes with asthma severity. Methods Caucasians (n = 2979) were genotyped for 11 ADRβ2 polymorphisms. The cohort (mean age 39.6, 60% female) included 2296 non-asthmatics, 386 mild asthmatics, 172 moderate asthmatics and 125 severe asthmatics. Haplotype frequency and haplotype pair for each subject was determined using the PHASE algorithm. Results The three asthmatic cohorts were comparable in age and gender but were distinguishable from each other in terms of symptoms, spirometry, medication use and health care utilisation (p <0.001). None of the polymorphisms showed a genotypic or allelic association with asthma diagnosis or severity. Nine haplotypes were identified and no association was found with asthma diagnosis or severity per se. Haplotype pair 2/4 was associated with asthma severity (Trend Test, OR 1.42, p = 0.0008) but not with asthma per se. Prevalence of haplotype pair 2/2 appeared to decrease with asthma severity (Trend Test, OR 0.78, p = 0.067). Two new haplotypes were identified, occurring exclusively in asthmatics at a frequency of ≥ 1%. In addition, a positive association between carriage of ADRβ2 +523*C and increased risk of atopy was discovered. Conclusions ADRβ2 haplotype pair 2/4 is associated with severe asthma and is consistent with findings of poor bronchodilator response in mild asthmatics who are also haplotype 2/4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping Chung
- Molecular Genetics and Inflammation Unit, Lung Institute of Western Australia and Centre for Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Svetlana Baltic
- Molecular Genetics and Inflammation Unit, Lung Institute of Western Australia and Centre for Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Manuel Ferreira
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suzanna Temple
- Molecular Genetics and Inflammation Unit, Lung Institute of Western Australia and Centre for Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Grant Waterer
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip J. Thompson
- Molecular Genetics and Inflammation Unit, Lung Institute of Western Australia and Centre for Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Fuchs O, von Mutius E. Prenatal and childhood infections: implications for the development and treatment of childhood asthma. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2013; 1:743-54. [PMID: 24429277 PMCID: PMC7104105 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(13)70145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial and viral infections occur early and recurrently in life and thereby impose a substantial disease burden. Besides causing clinical symptoms, a potential role of infection in the development of the asthma syndrome later in life has also been suggested. However, whether bacterial and viral infections unmask host factors in children at risk of asthma or whether they directly cause asthma remains unclear; both viewpoints could be justified, but the underlying mechanisms are complex and poorly understood. Recently, the role of the bacterial microbiome has been emphasised. But data are still sparse and future studies are needed for definitive conclusions to be made. In this Review, we discuss present knowledge of viruses and bacteria that infect and colonise the respiratory tract and mucosal surfaces, including their timepoint of action, host factors related to infection, and their effect on childhood asthma. Childhood asthma could be the result of a combination of altered host susceptibility and infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Fuchs
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich (CPC-M), Munich, Germany.
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich (CPC-M), Munich, Germany
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Weidinger S, Willis-Owen SAG, Kamatani Y, Baurecht H, Morar N, Liang L, Edser P, Street T, Rodriguez E, O'Regan GM, Beattie P, Fölster-Holst R, Franke A, Novak N, Fahy CM, Winge MCG, Kabesch M, Illig T, Heath S, Söderhäll C, Melén E, Pershagen G, Kere J, Bradley M, Lieden A, Nordenskjold M, Harper JI, McLean WHI, Brown SJ, Cookson WOC, Lathrop GM, Irvine AD, Moffatt MF. A genome-wide association study of atopic dermatitis identifies loci with overlapping effects on asthma and psoriasis. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4841-56. [PMID: 23886662 PMCID: PMC3820131 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common dermatological disease of childhood. Many children with AD have asthma and AD shares regions of genetic linkage with psoriasis, another chronic inflammatory skin disease. We present here a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of childhood-onset AD in 1563 European cases with known asthma status and 4054 European controls. Using Illumina genotyping followed by imputation, we generated 268 034 consensus genotypes and in excess of 2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for analysis. Association signals were assessed for replication in a second panel of 2286 European cases and 3160 European controls. Four loci achieved genome-wide significance for AD and replicated consistently across all cohorts. These included the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) on chromosome 1, the genomic region proximal to LRRC32 on chromosome 11, the RAD50/IL13 locus on chromosome 5 and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6; reflecting action of classical HLA alleles. We observed variation in the contribution towards co-morbid asthma for these regions of association. We further explored the genetic relationship between AD, asthma and psoriasis by examining previously identified susceptibility SNPs for these diseases. We found considerable overlap between AD and psoriasis together with variable coincidence between allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. Our results indicate that the pathogenesis of AD incorporates immune and epidermal barrier defects with combinations of specific and overlapping effects at individual loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and
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Leung DYM. New insights into atopic dermatitis: role of skin barrier and immune dysregulation. Allergol Int 2013; 62:151-61. [PMID: 23712284 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.13-rai-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is often associated with the development of food allergy and asthma. New insights into AD reveals an important role for structural abnormalities in the epidermis resulting in a leaky epithelial barrier as well as chronic immune activation that contribute to the pathophysiology of this common skin disease. Patients with AD have a predisposition to colonization or infection by microbial organisms, most notably Staphylococcus aureus and herpes simplex virus (HSV). Measures directed at healing and protecting the skin barrier and controlling the immune activation are needed for effective management of AD. Early intervention may improve outcomes for AD as well as reduce the systemic allergen sensitization that may lead to associated allergic diseases in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Y M Leung
- Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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25
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March ME, Sleiman PM, Hakonarson H. Genetic polymorphisms and associated susceptibility to asthma. Int J Gen Med 2013; 6:253-65. [PMID: 23637549 PMCID: PMC3636804 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s28156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As complex common diseases, asthma and allergic diseases are caused by the interaction of multiple genetic variants with a variety of environmental factors. Candidate-gene studies have examined the involvement of a very large list of genes in asthma and allergy, demonstrating a role for more than 100 loci. These studies have elucidated several themes in the biology and pathogenesis of these diseases. A small number of genes have been associated with asthma or allergy through traditional linkage analyses. The publication of the first asthma-focused genome-wide association (GWA) study in 2007 has been followed by nearly 30 reports of GWA studies targeting asthma, allergy, or associated phenotypes and quantitative traits. GWA studies have confirmed several candidate genes and have identified new, unsuspected, and occasionally uncharacterized genes as asthma susceptibility loci. Issues of results replication persist, complicating interpretation and making conclusions difficult to draw, and much of the heritability of these diseases remains undiscovered. In the coming years studies of complex diseases like asthma and allergy will probably involve the use of high-throughput next-generation sequencing, which will bring a tremendous influx of new information as well as new problems in dealing with vast datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E March
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center of the Joseph Stokes Jr Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
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26
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Netherton syndrome: skin inflammation and allergy by loss of protease inhibition. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 351:289-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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The ANO3/MUC15 locus is associated with eczema in families ascertained through asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 129:1547-53.e3. [PMID: 22657408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous genome-wide linkage scan in 295 families of the French Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA) reported strong evidence of linkage of 11p14 to eczema. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to conduct fine-scale mapping of the 11p14 region to identify the genetic variants associated with eczema. METHODS Association analyses were first conducted in the family sample from the French EGEA by using 2 methods: the family-based association method and logistic regression. Replication of the EGEA findings was sought in French Canadian and United Kingdom family samples, which, similarly to EGEA samples, were ascertained through asthma. We also tested for association in 2 German samples ascertained through eczema. RESULTS We found significant association of eczema with 11p14 genetic variants in the vicinity of the linkage peak in EGEA (P = 10(-4) for rs1050153 by using the family-based association method, which reached the multiple testing-corrected threshold of 10(-4); P = .003 with logistic regression). Pooled analysis of the 3 asthma-ascertained samples showed strong improvement in the evidence for association (P = 6 × 10(-6) for rs293974, P = 3 × 10(-5) for rs1050153, and P = 8 × 10(-5) for rs15783). No association was observed in the eczema-ascertained samples. CONCLUSION The significant single nucleotide polymorphisms are located within the overlapping anoctamin 3 (ANO3) and mucin 15 (MUC15) genes. Several lines of evidence suggest that MUC15 is a strong candidate for eczema. Further investigation is needed to confirm our findings and to better understand the role of the ANO3/MUC15 locus in eczema and its relationship with respect to asthma.
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Bieber T. Atopic dermatitis 2.0: from the clinical phenotype to the molecular taxonomy and stratified medicine. Allergy 2012; 67:1475-82. [PMID: 23106343 DOI: 10.1111/all.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a paradigmatic inflammatory chronic skin disease. As for other chronic skin diseases, (i) the spectrum of the clinical phenotype and severity as well as (ii) the genetic background and (iii) the underlying mechanisms strongly suggest a high degree of pathophysiological heterogeneity yet leading to a similar clinical pattern, that is, the eczematous skin lesion, but showing distinct progression patterns. This review suggests to exploit the recent knowledge about AD for a novel approach proposing a tentative first molecular taxonomy of this disease based on the genotype and endophenotype. The consequences in terms of personalized prevention and management are delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Th. Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University of Bonn; Bonn; Germany
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29
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James KM, Peebles RS, Hartert TV. Response to infections in patients with asthma and atopic disease: an epiphenomenon or reflection of host susceptibility? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:343-51. [PMID: 22846746 PMCID: PMC3410318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Associations between respiratory tract infections and asthma inception and exacerbations are well established. Infant respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus infections are known to be associated with an increased risk of asthma development, and among children with prevalent asthma, 85% of asthma exacerbations are associated with viral infections. However, the exact nature of this relationship remains unclear. Is the increase in severity of infections an epiphenomenon, meaning respiratory tract infections just appear to be more severe in patients with underlying respiratory disease, or instead a reflection of altered host susceptibility among persons with asthma and atopic disease? The main focus of this review is to summarize the available levels of evidence supporting or refuting the notion that patients with asthma or atopic disease have an altered susceptibility to selected pathogens, as well as discussing the biological mechanism or mechanisms that might explain such associations. Finally, we will outline areas in need of further research because understanding the relationships between infections and asthma has important implications for asthma prevention and treatment, including potential new pathways that might target the host immune response to select pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M James
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-8300, USA
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Fortugno P, Furio L, Teson M, Berretti M, El Hachem M, Zambruno G, Hovnanian A, D'Alessio M. The 420K LEKTI variant alters LEKTI proteolytic activation and results in protease deregulation: implications for atopic dermatitis. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:4187-200. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Fruth K, Goebel G, Koutsimpelas D, Gosepath J, Schmidtmann I, Mann WJ, Brieger J. Low SPINK5 expression in chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 2012; 122:1198-204. [PMID: 22570283 DOI: 10.1002/lary.23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial disease that probably arises as a result of genetic diversity and environmental factors. SPINK5 is a serine protease inhibitor, which is supposed to be an important regulator of epithelial barrier maintenance. The role of SPINK5 polymorphisms and expression in CRS, especially in individuals with aspirin intolerance, is unclear. STUDY DESIGN SPINK5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and SPINK5 expression levels were correlated with CRS without (CRSsNP) and with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), aspirin intolerance, asthma, and allergies. METHODS One hundred four nasal tissue samples, 15 from patients with CRSsNP, 59 from patients with CRSwNP, and 30 from healthy controls of the inferior turbinate, were analyzed for their SPINK5 status. Genotypes of four SPINK5 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs; G1258A, G2475T, A2915G, and A1103G), as well as SPINK5 mRNA expression levels, were determined by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS No correlation between any SPINK5 SNP and CRSsNP, CRSwNP, or allergies and asthma was observed. The heterozygous SNPs G1258A and A1103G were observed more frequently in aspirin-intolerant patients; the homozygous (A/A) genotype of SNP 1258 and the homozygous (G/G) genotype SNP 1103 were less frequent. There was no correlation between the analyzed SNPs and the level of SPINK5 expression. It was noted that in individuals with CRSwNP, aspirin intolerance, and allergies, SPINK5 expression was lowered. CONCLUSIONS G1258A and A1103G polymorphisms are distinctive for the aspirin intolerance syndrome. Lowered SPINK5 expression might be a contributing factor leading to CRS, and appears to be characteristic for patients suffering from aspirin intolerance and from allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fruth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Birben E, Sackesen C, Turgutoğlu N, Kalayci O. The role of SPINK5 in asthma related physiological events in the airway epithelium. Respir Med 2011; 106:349-55. [PMID: 22133475 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies have shown that variants in SPINK5 may be associated with atopic diseases and asthma. However, the functional role of SPINK5 protein in asthma has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of SPINK5 on asthma related physiological events such as apoptosis, mucus and cytokine production by epithelial cells. METHODS A549 cells were transfected with SPINK5 expression vector and stimulated with increasing doses of hydrogen peroxide and neutrophil elastase (NE) for measurement of cell viability or apoptosis and analysis of mucus production. Cell viability was measured by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay and apoptosis by Annexin V/PI staining. Levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-13, IFNγ, IL-1β and RANTES were determined by ELISA in cell culture supernatants. Mucus production was determined by RT-PCR of the MUC5AC gene and PAS staining in NE treated cells. RESULTS Epithelial cells transfected with SPINK5 expression vector produced more IL-6, IL-8 and RANTES compared to non-transfected cells (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, p < 0.001, respectively). Even though cells transfected with SPINK5 vector displayed significantly higher cell death, we have not observed any clear effect of SPINK5 on apoptosis. PAS staining showed that SPINK5 slightly decreased the mucin production induced by neutrophil elastase in A549 cells. However, SPINK5 had no effect on MUC5AC transcription. CONCLUSION SPINK5 is an important molecule in asthma. Its role extends beyond its well known protease inhibitor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Birben
- Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Hacettepe, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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Lan CCE, Tu HP, Wu CS, Ko YC, Yu HS, Lu YW, Li WC, Chen YC, Chen GS. Distinct SPINK5 and IL-31 polymorphisms are associated with atopic eczema and non-atopic hand dermatitis in Taiwanese nursing population. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:975-9. [PMID: 22017185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The term 'hand dermatitis' describes inflammatory skin condition localized to the hands. Nurses working at hospital settings are prone to develop hand dermatitis. The current study aimed to evaluate whether certain genetic polymorphisms were associated with the development of atopic eczema or non-atopic hand dermatitis in Taiwanese population. Nurses of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital were recruited. Atopic eczema, non-atopic hand dermatitis and normal control groups were identified. The serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 5 (SPINK5), filaggrin and interleukin-31 (IL-31) gene variants were compared between the diseased and control groups. Our results showed that rs2303070 T allele of SPINK5 (assuming recessive model; OR=3.58, 95% CI 1.63-7.84; P=0.0014) and rs7977932 G allele of IL-31 (assuming recessive model; OR=18.25, 95% CI =3.27-101.94; P=0.0009) were associated with increased risks of developing atopic eczema, while rs6892205 G allele of SPINK5 (assuming dominant model; OR=3.79, 95% CI 1.55-9.28; P=0.0036) was associated with the development of non-atopic hand dermatitis. In summary, our results showed that distinct SPINK5 and IL-31 gene variants were associated with the development of atopic eczema and non-atopic hand dermatitis. The barrier function, particularly those regulated by SPINK5, may play an important role in the development of both atopic eczema and non-atopic hand dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Che E Lan
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Tyan YC, Yang MH, Chen SCJ, Jong SB, Chen WC, Yang YH, Chung TW, Liao PC. Urinary protein profiling by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: ADAM28 is overexpressed in bladder transitional cell carcinoma. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:2851-2862. [PMID: 21913264 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common urological cancer with higher incidence rate in the endemic areas of Blackfoot disease (BFD) in southern Taiwan. The aim of this study was to utilize the proteomic approach to establish urinary protein patterns of bladder cancer. The experimental results showed that most patients with bladder cancer had proteinuria or albuminuria. The urine arsenic concentrations of bladder cancer patients in BFD areas were significantly higher than those patients from non-BFD areas. In the proteomic analysis, the urinary proteome was identified by nano-high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nano-HPLC/ESI-MS/MS) followed by peptide fragmentation pattern analysis. We categorized 2782 unique proteins of which 89 proteins were identified with at least three unique matching peptide sequences. Among these 89 proteins, thirteen of them were not found in the control group and may represent proteins specific for bladder cancer. In this study, three proteins, SPINK5, ADAM28 and PTP1, were also confirmed by Western blotting and showed significant differential expression compared with the control group. ADAM28 may be used as a possible biomarker of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chang Tyan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the link between TSH and obesity, the relationship between TSH and adipocytokines were previously studied. Animal studies demonstrated a possible relationship between vaspin levels and thyroid functions. In this study, we aimed to investigate vaspin levels in hypothyroid states and its relationship with insulin resistance parameters in humans. DESIGN Prospective observational study. METHODS We enrolled 27 overt hypothyroid, 33 subclinical hypothyroid and 41 euthyroid patients. We measured the body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, TSH, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine and vaspin levels. The change in vaspin levels in 12 overt hypothyroid patients after establishment of euthyroidism was analysed. RESULTS All groups were age-matched. Overt hypothyroid group had higher BMI values (P<0.05) than other groups. No significant difference was observed in insulin levels and HOMA-IR among the groups (P>0.05). Adjusted vaspin levels for BMI and age were similar among the groups. Mean vaspin levels in overt, subclinical and euthyroid patients were 1.20 ± 1.17, 1.48 ± 0.93 and 0.95 ± 0.75 ng/ml respectively (P>0.05). There was no significant association between vaspin levels and BMI, fasting glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR (P>0.05). Establishing euthyroidism in hypothyroid patients did not result in a significant change in vaspin levels (before and after treatment, 1.35 ± 1.06 and 1.25 ± 0.68 ng/ml, respectively; P>0.05). CONCLUSION We herein present novel data indicating vaspin levels are neither altered in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism nor have a relationship with features of insulin resistance in hypothyroid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Cinar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University Medical School, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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Bin L, Kim BE, Hall CF, Leach SM, Leung DYM. Inhibition of transcription factor specificity protein 1 alters the gene expression profile of keratinocytes leading to upregulation of kallikrein-related peptidases and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:2213-22. [PMID: 21753780 PMCID: PMC3193562 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) is involved in diverse cellular functions. We recently found that Sp1 was significantly decreased in skin biopsy samples obtained from patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and had an even greater reduction in AD patients with a history of eczema herpeticum. In the current study, we sought to better understand the role of Sp1 in skin biological processes by using a small-interfering RNA (siRNA) technique to knock down Sp1 gene expression in normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) and investigated the genome-wide gene expression profiling of Sp1-silenced NHKs. The gene arrays revealed that 53 genes had greater than 3-fold changes in the expression in Sp1-silenced NHKs as compared with scrambled siRNA-silenced cells. Strikingly, six kallikrein (KLK)-related peptidase genes, namely KLK5, KLK6, KLK7, KLK8, KLK10, and KLK12, were upregulated in NHKs following Sp1 silencing. Functionally, protease activity was significantly enhanced in Sp1-silenced keratinocytes as compared with scrambled siRNA-silenced keratinocytes. Moreover, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial-derived T(H)2-promoting cytokine, was induced in Sp1-silenced keratinocytes because of elevated KLK activity. These results indicate that Sp1 expression deficiency leads to abnormally increased KLK protease activity in keratinocytes and may contribute to T(H)2 immune responses in the skin by inducing TSLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghua Bin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
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Zhao LP, Di Z, Zhang L, Wang L, Ma L, Lv Y, Hong Y, Wei H, Chen HD, Gao XH. Association of SPINK5 gene polymorphisms with atopic dermatitis in Northeast China. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 26:572-7. [PMID: 21585560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defect in the SPINK5 gene is known to be implicated in Netherton syndrome (NS), and has been suggested to be a locus predisposing to atopy in general. Coding polymorphisms in SPINK5 exons 13, 14 and 26 have been reported to be associated with atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma and high level of IgE. OBJECTIVES To examine whether the SPINK5 gene polymorphisms are associated with AD in Northeast China, and to assess how variants influence selected phenotypic traits. METHODS A case-control study was conducted on four non-synonymous polymorphisms in the coding region of SPINK5 in AD and controls. The SPINK5 gene polymorphisms were analyzed using the PCR and RFLP methods. RESULTS For the four non-synonymous SNPs, A1103G(Asn368Ser), G1156A(Asp386Asn), G1258A(Glu420Lys), G2475T(Glu825Asp) in SPINK5, the allelic frequencies in the AD cohort were 0.55 for 1103G, 0.57 for 1156A, 0.54for 1258A, 0.62 for 2475T, consistent with those already published in the original British and Japanese cohorts. The T allele of SNP 2475G > T was found to be significantly associated with AD. There were significant differences in genotype frequencies for G1258A(Glu420Lys) and G2475T(Glu825Asp) but not for A1103G(Asn368Ser) and G1156A(Asp386Asn). Genotypes GA(420Glu/Lys), TT (2475Asp/Asp) and GT(2475Glu/Asp) were significantly more frequent in AD. However, the SPINK5 gene polymorphisms was found not to be associated with AD in regard to either serum IgE levels, concurrent allergic asthma or early onset of AD. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the association between SPINK5 and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Namkung JH, Lee JE, Kim E, Byun JY, Kim S, Shin ES, Cho EY, Yang JM. Hint for association of single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotype in SPINK5 gene with atopic dermatitis in Koreans. Exp Dermatol 2011; 19:1048-53. [PMID: 21087323 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies, including twin studies, support the concept that the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) may be mediated through skin-specific genes, rather than simply through systemic immune or atopy risk genes. The SPINK5 gene is expressed on epithelial surfaces and may provide protection against other allergenic serine proteases. Mutations in the SPINK5 gene result in Netherton syndrome, a disorder characterised by AD, ichthyosis, and elevated serum IgE levels. We genotyped 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the SPINK5 gene for 1090 case-control samples (631 patients with AD and 459 normal controls) and analysed the SNPs and haplotypes in this gene and also searched for gene-gene interactions between SPINK5 and the DEFB1 gene that we previously reported. Six SNPs [rs17718511 (P = 0.026), rs17860502 (P = 0.024), KN0001820 (P = 0.045), rs60978485 (P = 0.007), rs17718737 (P = 0.02), and rs1422985 (P = 0.038)] and the haplotype TAA (rs60978485, rs6892205, rs2303064; P = 0.023) in the SPINK5 gene showed significant different allelic or genotypic distributions between the AD group and the control group. We also found that four SNPs [rs17718511 (P = 0.033), rs17860502 (P = 0.031), rs60978485 (P = 0.005), rs17718737 (P = 0.023)] and the haplotype TAA (P = 0.02) in the SPINK5 gene showed associations with the susceptibility of the allergic type of AD (ADe). In addition to this finding, we speculate that the SNPs from DEFB1 and SPINK5 affect the individual susceptibility to development of ADe in an additive manner. This study provides evidence for a significant interaction between allergens and the SPINK5 gene that may contribute to ADe susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Namkung
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Unraveling the complex genetic underpinnings of asthma and allergic disorders. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 10:434-42. [PMID: 20724923 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32833da71d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asthma and other allergic diseases are complex genetic disorders that result from interactions between multiple genes and environmental factors. In this review, we summarize findings from candidate gene analyses, discuss the recent success of genome-wide association (GWA) studies, and outline challenges facing the field. RECENT FINDINGS In the past year, five GWA studies have been reported for asthma, one for atopic dermatitis, and four for intermediate phenotypes using quantitative trait loci. These results have in general been more robust to replication than prior candidate gene studies, and have allowed the identification of novel loci for both asthma (i.e. 1q31, 9q21.31) and atopic dermatitis (11q13). SUMMARY The integration of results from recent GWA studies with careful analyses of candidate gene associations studies has confirmed the importance of immune detection and TH2-cell mediated immune responses in the pathogenesis of allergic disease, and has raised new interest in the role of epithelial barrier function and tissue-level responses. GWA studies appear to provide a robust way to identify novel gene loci contributing to disease susceptibility. Dissecting gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, and exploring the contribution of epigenetic phenomena to allergic disease susceptibility remain important challenges to understanding the complex nature of asthma and other allergic diseases.
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Rodríguez E, Eyerich K, Weidinger S. Genetik häufiger chronisch-entzündlicher Hauterkrankungen. Hautarzt 2011; 62:107-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-010-2053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Chabchoub I, Ayadi L, Mejdoub I, Maalej B, Kamoun T, Boudawara T, Hachicha M. Alopécie, ichtyose congénitale et retard de croissance : pensez au syndrome de Netherton ! Arch Pediatr 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Goettig P, Magdolen V, Brandstetter H. Natural and synthetic inhibitors of kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs). Biochimie 2010; 92:1546-67. [PMID: 20615447 PMCID: PMC3014083 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Including the true tissue kallikrein KLK1, kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) represent a family of fifteen mammalian serine proteases. While the physiological roles of several KLKs have been at least partially elucidated, their activation and regulation remain largely unclear. This obscurity may be related to the fact that a given KLK fulfills many different tasks in diverse fetal and adult tissues, and consequently, the timescale of some of their physiological actions varies significantly. To date, a variety of endogenous inhibitors that target distinct KLKs have been identified. Among them are the attenuating Zn(2+) ions, active site-directed proteinaceous inhibitors, such as serpins and the Kazal-type inhibitors, or the huge, unspecific compartment forming α(2)-macroglobulin. Failure of these inhibitory systems can lead to certain pathophysiological conditions. One of the most prominent examples is the Netherton syndrome, which is caused by dysfunctional domains of the Kazal-type inhibitor LEKTI-1 which fail to appropriately regulate KLKs in the skin. Small synthetic inhibitory compounds and natural polypeptidic exogenous inhibitors have been widely employed to characterize the activity and substrate specificity of KLKs and to further investigate their structures and biophysical properties. Overall, this knowledge leads not only to a better understanding of the physiological tasks of KLKs, but is also a strong fundament for the synthesis of small compound drugs and engineered biomolecules for pharmaceutical approaches. In several types of cancer, KLKs have been found to be overexpressed, which makes them clinically relevant biomarkers for prognosis and monitoring. Thus, down regulation of excessive KLK activity in cancer and in skin diseases by small inhibitor compounds may represent attractive therapeutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Goettig
- Division of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Barnes KC. An update on the genetics of atopic dermatitis: scratching the surface in 2009. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:16-29.e1-11; quiz 30-1. [PMID: 20109730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A genetic basis for atopic dermatitis (AD) has long been recognized. Historic documents allude to family history of disease as a risk factor. Before characterization of the human genome, heritability studies combined with family-based linkage studies supported the definition of AD as a complex trait in that interactions between genes and environmental factors and the interplay between multiple genes contribute to disease manifestation. A summary of more than 100 published reports on genetic association studies through mid-2009 implicates 81 genes, in 46 of which at least 1 positive association with AD has been demonstrated. Of these, the gene encoding filaggrin (FLG) has been most consistently replicated. Most candidate gene studies to date have focused on adaptive and innate immune response genes, but there is increasing interest in skin barrier dysfunction genes. This review examines the methods that have been used to identify susceptibility genes for AD and how the underlying pathology of this disease has been used to select candidate genes. Current challenges and the potential effect of new technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Barnes
- Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Room 3A.62, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Sørensen M, Allermann L, Vogel U, Andersen PS, Jespersgaard C, Loft S, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Polymorphisms in inflammation genes, tobacco smoke and furred pets and wheeze in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2009; 20:614-23. [PMID: 19674346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2009.00855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Persistent wheeze in childhood is associated with airway inflammation. The present study investigated relationships between polymorphisms in inflammatory genes, exposure to tobacco smoke and furred pets and risk of recurrent wheeze in children. Within a birth cohort of 101,042 children we identified 1111 eighteen month old cases with recurrent wheeze and 735 wheeze-free controls among 11942 children recruited in the Copenhagen area. Polymorphisms in IL-4R, IL-8, IL-13, SPINK5, and CD14 were genotyped. Interviews at gestational wks 12 and 30, and at age 6 and 18 months included questions on number of episodes with wheeze (18 months), exposure to tobacco smoke and pet-keeping. Recurrent wheeze was defined as at least four episodes of wheeze before the child was 18 months old. There was a statistically significant association between the IL-13 Arg144Gln polymorphism and risk of recurrent wheeze (p = 0.01). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant interaction between this polymorphism and exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy, though this was probably a chance finding. There were no other statistically significant effects of the polymorphisms or interactions with exposure to tobacco smoke in relation to the risk of recurrent wheeze. Polymorphisms in IL-8 affected the association between pet-keeping and risk of wheeze. Polymorphisms in inflammation genes might affect the association between environmental exposures and risk of recurrent wheeze in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Sørensen
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Cochrane S, Beyer K, Clausen M, Wjst M, Hiller R, Nicoletti C, Szepfalusi Z, Savelkoul H, Breiteneder H, Manios Y, Crittenden R, Burney P. Factors influencing the incidence and prevalence of food allergy. Allergy 2009; 64:1246-55. [PMID: 19663867 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is an increasing problem in Europe and elsewhere and severe reactions to food are also becoming more common. As food allergy is usually associated with other forms of allergic sensitisation it is likely that many risk factors are common to all forms of allergy. However the potential severity of the disease and the specific public heath measures required for food allergy make it important to identify the specific risk factors for this condition. Food allergy is unusual in that it often manifests itself very early in life and commonly remits with the development of tolerance. Hypotheses that explain the distribution of food allergy include specific genetic polymorphisms, the nature of the allergens involved and the unique exposure to large quantities of allergen through the gut. Progress has been made in developing more specific and testable hypotheses but the evidence for any of these is still only preliminary. Further collaborative research is required to develop an appropriate public health response to this growing problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cochrane
- Safety and Environmental Centre, Unilever Colworth, Colworth Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford, UK
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Di WL, Hennekam R, Callard R, Harper J. A heterozygous null mutation combined with the G1258A polymorphism ofSPINK5causes impaired LEKTI function and abnormal expression of skin barrier proteins. Br J Dermatol 2009; 161:404-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu Q, Xia Y, Zhang W, Li J, Wang P, Li H, Wei C, Gong Y. A functional polymorphism in the SPINK5 gene is associated with asthma in a Chinese Han Population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2009; 10:59. [PMID: 19534795 PMCID: PMC2709655 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-10-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutation in SPINK5 causes Netherton syndrome, a rare recessive skin disease that is accompanied by severe atopic manifestations including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, high serum IgE and hypereosinophilia. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the SPINK5 was shown to be significantly associated with atopy, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and total serum IgE. In order to determine the role of the SPINK5 in the development of asthma, a case-control study including 669 asthma patients and 711 healthy controls in Han Chinese was conducted. METHODS Using PCR-RFLP assay, we genotyped one promoter SNP, -206G>A, and four nonsynonymous SNPs, 1103A>G (Asn368Ser), 1156G>A (Asp386Asn), 1258G>A (Glu420Lys), and 2475G>T (Glu825Asp). Also, we analyzed the functional significance of -206G>A using the luciferase reporter assay and electrophoresis mobility shift assay. RESULTS we found that the G allele at SNP -206G>A was associated with increased asthma susceptibility in our study population (p = 0.002, odds ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.11-1.60). There was no significant association between any of four nonsynonymous SNPs and asthma. The A allele at -206G>A has a significantly higher transcriptional activity than the G allele. Electrophoresis mobility shift assay also showed a significantly higher binding efficiency of nuclear protein to the A allele compared with the G allele. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the -206G>A polymorphism in the SPINK5 is associated with asthma susceptibility in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiji Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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Roedl D, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Ring J, Behrendt H, Braun-Falco M. Serine protease inhibitor lymphoepithelial Kazal type-related inhibitor tends to be decreased in atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23:1263-6. [PMID: 19522716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pathogenic role of serine protease inhibitor lymphoepithelial Kazal type-related inhibitor (LEKTI) in atopic dermatitis (AD) is currently in intense debate. Analyses of an association between genetic polymorphisms of SPINK5 and atopic diseases revealed contradictory results. Herein, we assessed the role of LEKTI in AD at an expressional and functional level. METHODS The expression of LEKTI and its inhibitory capacity was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and hydrolytic activity assay, respectively, in keratinocyte cell cultures of three AD patients in comparison to cultures of healthy individuals (5x) and Netherton (NS) patients (3x). RESULTS Expression of LEKTI was significantly decreased in AD vs. healthy volunteers. Due to reduced protease inhibition, trypsin-like hydrolytic activity in AD was slightly increased, although not significantly. CONCLUSIONS Even though the number of investigated subjects was small and hydrolytic activity was only slightly increased, the results denote that LEKTI might be diminished in AD. The study also disclosed the necessity of functional analyses in addition to genetic investigations to gain further and more detailed insights into the role of LEKTI in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Roedl
- ZAUM-Center for Allergy and Environment, Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Helmholz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Briot A, Deraison C, Lacroix M, Bonnart C, Robin A, Besson C, Dubus P, Hovnanian A. Kallikrein 5 induces atopic dermatitis-like lesions through PAR2-mediated thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in Netherton syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:1135-47. [PMID: 19414552 PMCID: PMC2715042 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20082242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Netherton syndrome (NS) is a severe genetic skin disease with constant atopic manifestations that is caused by mutations in the serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (SPINK5) gene, which encodes the protease inhibitor lymphoepithelial Kazal-type–related inhibitor (LEKTI). Lack of LEKTI causes stratum corneum detachment secondary to epidermal proteases hyperactivity. This skin barrier defect favors allergen absorption and is generally regarded as the underlying cause for atopy in NS. We show for the first time that the pro-Th2 cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), the thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, and the macrophage-derived chemokine are overexpressed in LEKTI-deficient epidermis. This is part of an original biological cascade in which unregulated kallikrein (KLK) 5 directly activates proteinase-activated receptor 2 and induces nuclear factor κB–mediated overexpression of TSLP, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL8. This proinflammatory and proallergic pathway is independent of the primary epithelial failure and is activated under basal conditions in NS keratinocytes. This cell-autonomous process is already established in the epidermis of Spink5−/− embryos, and the resulting proinflammatory microenvironment leads to eosinophilic and mast cell infiltration in a skin graft model in nude mice. Collectively, these data establish that uncontrolled KLK5 activity in NS epidermis can trigger atopic dermatitis (AD)–like lesions, independently of the environment and the adaptive immune system. They illustrate the crucial role of protease signaling in skin inflammation and point to new therapeutic targets for NS as well as candidate genes for AD and atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Briot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U563, Toulouse F-31300, France
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Roeder T, Isermann K, Kabesch M. Drosophila in asthma research. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179:979-83. [PMID: 19342413 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200811-1777pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic research has revealed a number of asthma-susceptibility genes. In addition, with the development of genome-wide association studies, which has gained unprecedented momentum, the roles of many more candidate genes in asthma will be uncovered. In parallel with such genetic insight, a detailed understanding of the function of susceptibility genes in asthma is required, a task best suited for genetically tractable model organisms. The inherent limitations of models like the mouse necessitate finding complementary systems for study. Although the fruit fly Drosophila has not been used previously in asthma-related research, it might prove to be extremely helpful in relating genetic processes to biological function. We discuss the usefulness of the Drosophila model by analyzing potential homologs of known asthma-susceptibility genes in the fly. Except for those associated with adaptive immunity, we and others found unequivocal orthologs for all of them. Most asthma-related genes are indeed expressed in the airway epithelium. In addition, some are regulated upon airway infection of the Drosophila airway epithelium, pointing to an important role in airway immunity and development of asthma-like phenotypes in the fruit fly. Finally, high throughput functional analyses are needed to complete genome-wide comparison studies in complex diseases such as asthma. Because such studies are most readily performed in the fruit fly, it may be a particularly useful asthma model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roeder
- Department of Zoophysiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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