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Mirra D, Esposito R, Spaziano G, Rafaniello C, Iovino P, Cione E, Gallelli L, D'Agostino B. Association between Sex-Related ALOX5 Gene Polymorphisms and Lung Atopy Risk. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082775. [PMID: 37109111 PMCID: PMC10145460 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopy is an exaggerated IgE-mediated immune response to foreign antigens in which metabolic abnormalities of the leukotrienes (LTs) pathway play a crucial role. Recent studies have described sex as a key variable in LT biosynthesis, partly explaining why treatment with anti-LT drugs in atopic subjects leads to better control of symptoms in women. In addition, variability in LT production is often associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) gene, which encodes the leukotriene-synthesizing enzyme machinery, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). This study aimed to investigate whether two SNPs of ALOX5 are implicated in sex differences in allergic diseases in a prospective cohort of 150 age- and sex-matched atopic and healthy subjects. Rs2029253 and rs2115819 were genotyped using allele-specific RT-PCR, and serum levels of 5-LO and LTB4 were measured by ELISA. Both polymorphisms are significantly more common in women than in men, and their influences on LT production vary as a function of sex, leading to a decrease in men's and an increase in women's serum levels of 5-LO and LTB4. These data represent a new resource for understanding sex-related differences in lung inflammatory diseases, partly explaining why women are more likely to develop allergic disorders than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davida Mirra
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Renata Esposito
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spaziano
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Concetta Rafaniello
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Iovino
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Mater Domini Hospital, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno D'Agostino
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Title-Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in Allergic and Infection-Associated Lung Diseases. ALLERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/allergies2020006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung inflammation can be caused by pathogen infection alone or by allergic disease, leading to pneumonitis. Most of the allergens (antigens) that cause allergic lung diseases, including asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), are derived from microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, but some inorganic materials, such as mercury, can also cause pneumonitis. Certain allergens, including food and pollen, can also cause acute allergic reactions and lead to lung inflammation in individuals predisposed to such reactions. Pattern recognition-associated and damage-associated signaling by these allergens can be critical in determining the type of hypersensitization and allergic disease, as well as the potential for fibrosis and irreversible lung damage. This review discusses the signs, symptoms, and etiology of allergic asthma, and HP. Furthermore, we review the immune response and signaling pathways involved in pneumonitis due to both microbial infection and allergic processes. We also discuss current and potential therapeutic interventions for infection-associated and allergic lung inflammation.
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Liu G, Philp AM, Corte T, Travis MA, Schilter H, Hansbro NG, Burns CJ, Eapen MS, Sohal SS, Burgess JK, Hansbro PM. Therapeutic targets in lung tissue remodelling and fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107839. [PMID: 33774068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural changes involving tissue remodelling and fibrosis are major features of many pulmonary diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is a key factor in the development of tissue remodelling that results in symptoms and impaired lung function in these diseases. Tissue remodelling in the lungs is complex and differs between compartments. Some pathways are common but tissue remodelling around the airways and in the parenchyma have different morphologies. Hence it is critical to evaluate both common fibrotic pathways and those that are specific to different compartments; thereby expanding the understanding of the pathogenesis of fibrosis and remodelling in the airways and parenchyma in asthma, COPD and IPF with a view to developing therapeutic strategies for each. Here we review the current understanding of remodelling features and underlying mechanisms in these major respiratory diseases. The differences and similarities of remodelling are used to highlight potential common therapeutic targets and strategies. One central pathway in remodelling processes involves transforming growth factor (TGF)-β induced fibroblast activation and myofibroblast differentiation that increases ECM production. The current treatments and clinical trials targeting remodelling are described, as well as potential future directions. These endeavours are indicative of the renewed effort and optimism for drug discovery targeting tissue remodelling and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashleigh M Philp
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamera Corte
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark A Travis
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre and Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi Schilter
- Pharmaxis Ltd, 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris J Burns
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mathew S Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder S Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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4
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Sahar N, Bibi S, Masood N, Faryal R. Status of serine tyrosine kinase at germline and expressional levels in asthma patients. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2019; 8:69-77. [PMID: 31531378 PMCID: PMC6715266 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2019.33040.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a disease marked by inflammation of airways with an increasing incidence rate worldwide especially among Asian population. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is known to be involved in regulation of such inflammation response and thereby rendering its inevitable importance among asthma patients. DNA extraction followed by PCR and sequencing was performed for genomic analysis, mRNA analysis was done by RT PCR whereas Western blot and ELISA was used for protein study. Image J and UNAFOLD were also used for Bioinformatics analysis.The mean age of patients and controls were 31.1±9.3 and 30.4±6.1 years respectively. Results of sequencing showed nonsense exonic mutations in exon 3 at g.25710G>A and g.25722G>A positions. Substitution mutations in introns were also found at g.25827G>A (intron 3), g.63425C>T (intron 8) and g.63445T>G (intron 8). Significantly increased levels of IgE and significantly decreased expression of Syk at transcriptional level was found in patients compared to controls. The western blot results of asthmatic samples and healthy controls revealed that Syk has comparatively low expression in diseased individual's PBMCs. SYK has been found to be altered in DNA, mRNA and protein expression in asthma patients among Pakistani population therefore patients should be treated according to their Syk status for more effective recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namoodn Sahar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakila Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Masood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rani Faryal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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5
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Liu G, Cooley MA, Nair PM, Donovan C, Hsu AC, Jarnicki AG, Haw TJ, Hansbro NG, Ge Q, Brown AC, Tay H, Foster PS, Wark PA, Horvat JC, Bourke JE, Grainge CL, Argraves WS, Oliver BG, Knight DA, Burgess JK, Hansbro PM. Airway remodelling and inflammation in asthma are dependent on the extracellular matrix protein fibulin-1c. J Pathol 2017; 243:510-523. [PMID: 28862768 DOI: 10.1002/path.4979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. It is characterized by allergic airway inflammation, airway remodelling, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Asthma patients, in particular those with chronic or severe asthma, have airway remodelling that is associated with the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as collagens. Fibulin-1 (Fbln1) is an important ECM protein that stabilizes collagen and other ECM proteins. The level of Fbln1c, one of the four Fbln1 variants, which predominates in both humans and mice, is increased in the serum and airways fluids in asthma but its function is unclear. We show that the level of Fbln1c was increased in the lungs of mice with house dust mite (HDM)-induced chronic allergic airway disease (AAD). Genetic deletion of Fbln1c and therapeutic inhibition of Fbln1c in mice with chronic AAD reduced airway collagen deposition, and protected against AHR. Fbln1c-deficient (Fbln1c-/- ) mice had reduced mucin (MUC) 5 AC levels, but not MUC5B levels, in the airways as compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Fbln1c interacted with fibronectin and periostin that was linked to collagen deposition around the small airways. Fbln1c-/- mice with AAD also had reduced numbers of α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells around the airways and reduced airway contractility as compared with WT mice. After HDM challenge, these mice also had fewer airway inflammatory cells, reduced interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, IL-33, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and CXCL1 levels in the lungs, and reduced IL-5, IL-33 and TNF levels in lung-draining lymph nodes. Therapeutic targeting of Fbln1c reduced the numbers of GATA3-positive Th2 cells in the lymph nodes and lungs after chronic HDM challenge. Treatment also reduced the secretion of IL-5 and IL-13 from co-cultured dendritic cells and T cells restimulated with HDM extract. Human epithelial cells cultured with Fbln1c peptide produced more CXCL1 mRNA than medium-treated controls. Our data show that Fbln1c may be a therapeutic target in chronic asthma. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marion A Cooley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Prema M Nair
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan C Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew G Jarnicki
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tatt Jhong Haw
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qi Ge
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hock Tay
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane E Bourke
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris L Grainge
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - W Scott Argraves
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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Shen CR, Juang HH, Chen HS, Yang CJ, Wu CJ, Lee MH, Hwang YS, Kuo ML, Chen YS, Chen JK, Liu CL. The Correlation between Chitin and Acidic Mammalian Chitinase in Animal Models of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27371-7. [PMID: 26580611 PMCID: PMC4661891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is the result of chronic inflammation of the airways which subsequently results in airway hyper-responsiveness and airflow obstruction. It has been shown that an elicited expression of acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Our recent study has demonstrated that the specific suppression of elevated AMCase leads to reduced eosinophilia and Th2-mediated immune responses in an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mouse model of allergic asthma. In the current study, we show that the elicited expression of AMCase in the lung tissues of both ovalbumin- and Der P2-induced allergic asthma mouse models. The effects of allergic mediated molecules on AMCase expression were evaluated by utilizing promoter assay in the lung cells. In fact, the exposure of chitin, a polymerized sugar and the fundamental component of the major allergen mite and several of the inflammatory mediators, showed significant enhancement on AMCase expression. Such obtained results contribute to the basis of developing a promising therapeutic strategy for asthma by silencing AMCase expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Rui Shen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33375, Taiwan.
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Shan Chen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Jen Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gung-Juan Road, Taishan, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Jen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Hua Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Yih-Shiou Hwang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33375, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33375, Taiwan.
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Shan Chen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Jeen-Kuan Chen
- Department of Environment and Biotechnology, Refining and Manufacturing Research Institute, CPC Corporation, Chiayi, 217 Min-Sheng S. Rd, Chiayi 60051, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Lin Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gung-Juan Road, Taishan, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan.
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Molinari G, Colombo G, Celenza C. Respiratory allergies: a general overview of remedies, delivery systems, and the need to progress. ISRN ALLERGY 2014; 2014:326980. [PMID: 25006500 PMCID: PMC3972928 DOI: 10.1155/2014/326980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The spread of respiratory allergies is increasing in parallel with the alarm of the scientific community. Evidently, our knowledge of the onset mechanisms of these diseases and, as a consequence, of the available remedies is inadequate. This review provides a brief, general description of current therapeutic resources and the state of research with regard to both drugs and medical devices in order to highlight their limits and the urgent need for progress. Increasing the amount of basic biochemical research will improve our knowledge of such onset mechanisms and the potential efficacy of therapeutic preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Molinari
- Biochemistry Consulting Service, Giuliano Molinari, 20017 Rho, Milan, Italy
| | - Giselda Colombo
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Celenza
- Quality Assurance Service, Sandoz S.P.A., 21040 Origgio, Varese, Italy
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Royce SG, Cheng V, Samuel CS, Tang MLK. The regulation of fibrosis in airway remodeling in asthma. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 351:167-75. [PMID: 22266540 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is one of the key pathological features of airway remodeling in asthma. In the normal airway the amount of collagen and other extracellular matrix components is kept in equilibrium by regulation of synthesis and degradation. In asthma this homeostasis is disrupted due to genetic and environmental factors. In the airways of patients with the disease there is increased extracellular matrix deposition, particularly in the reticular basement membrane region, lamina propria and submucosa. Fibrosis is important as it can occur early in the pathogenesis of asthma, be associated with severity and resistant to therapy. In this review we will discuss current knowledge of relaxin and other key regulators of fibrosis in the airway including TGFβ, Smad2/3 and matrix metalloproteinases. As fibrosis is not directly targeted or effectively treated by current asthma drugs including corticosteroids, characterization of airway fibrosis and how it is regulated will be essential for the development of novel therapies for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Royce
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia
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Bae R, Arteaga A, Raj JU, Ibe BO. Albuterol isomers modulate platelet-activating factor synthesis and receptor signaling in human bronchial smooth muscle cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011; 158:18-26. [PMID: 22212397 DOI: 10.1159/000330029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racemic albuterol is a 50:50 mixture of the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of albuterol. Its clinical efficacy resides in the (R)-enantiomer (levalbuterol). Studies have shown that (S)-albuterol induces human bronchial smooth muscle cell (HBSMC) proliferation via a pathway linked to platelet-activating factor (PAF), but the underlying mechanism by which (S)-albuterol augments PAF effects is not clear. In this study, we compared effect of levalbuterol and (S)-albuterol on PAF receptor (PAFr)-mediated signaling and PAF metabolism by HBSMCs after incubation with the albuterol isomers. METHODS PAF binding and inositol phosphate (IP(3)) release were studied on adherent cultured cells. PAFr protein expression was measured by Western blotting, PAF synthesis and catabolism were measured in membrane and cytosolic proteins of cells incubated with albuterol isomers. RESULTS Compared to control conditions, (S)-albuterol increased PAF binding by 70% after 30 min of preincubation and by 150% after 24 h of preincubation. Levalbuterol had no effect on PAF binding under both conditions. (S)-albuterol also augmented PAF stimulation of IP(3) release, while levalbuterol and the racemic mixture had no effect. WEB 2170, a PAFr antagonist, inhibited the ability of (S)-albuterol to increase PAF binding or stimulate IP(3) release. (S)-albuterol stimulated PAFr protein expression. With PAF metabolism, (S)-albuterol treatment augmented PAF synthesis, but significantly inhibited PAF catabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that one mechanism by which (S)-albuterol stimulates HBSMC proliferation involves upregulation of PAFr-mediated effects including increased PAF synthesis and decreased PAF catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Bae
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
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10
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Schmiedl A, Krainski J, Schwichtenhövel F, Schade J, Klemann C, Raber KA, Zscheppang K, Beekmann T, Acevedo C, Glaab T, Wedekind D, Pabst R, von Hörsten S, Stephan M. Reduced airway inflammation in CD26/DPP4-deficient F344 rats is associated with altered recruitment patterns of regulatory T cells and expression of pulmonary surfactant proteins. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 40:1794-808. [PMID: 20560982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD26 is highly expressed on lung epithelial cells as well as on immune cells. Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation induces a further increase of CD26 expression. CD26-deficient rat strains exhibit blunted clinical courses in models of experimental asthma. OBJECTIVE (1) To investigate the involvement of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the surfactant system in a rat model of genetic CD26 deficiency. (2) To investigate regulatory mechanisms dependent on the endogenous CD26 expression. (3) To investigate the impact of CD26 on surfactant protein (SP)-levels under inflammatory conditions. METHODS Wild-type and CD26-deficient F344 rats were sensitized to and challenged with OVA. Subsequently, airway inflammation, SP levels as well as surface tension of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were evaluated. RESULTS CD26 deficiency led to decreased airway inflammation, e.g. reduced numbers of eosinophils and activated T cells in the BAL. Remarkably, the CD26-deficient rats exhibited a significantly increased influx of FoxP3(+) Tregs into the lungs and increased IL-10-secretion/production by draining lymph node cells in culture experiments. Furthermore, in OVA-challenged CD26-deficient rats, the increase of the expression of the collectins SP-A and SP-D as well as of the surface tension-active SP-B was significantly less pronounced than in the CD26-positive strain. Only in the wild-type rats, functional alterations of the surfactant system, e.g. the increased surface tension were obvious after OVA challenge. CONCLUSION Reduced airway inflammation in CD26-deficient F344 rats appear to be mediated by differences in the recruitment and activity of Tregs. This altered inflammation is associated with differences in the SP expression as well as function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schmiedl
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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11
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Bae CJ, Lee JW, Bae HS, Shim SB, Jee SW, Lee SH, Lee CK, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Detection of allergenic compounds using an IL-4/luciferase/CNS-1 transgenic mice model. Toxicol Sci 2011; 120:349-59. [PMID: 21252390 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-4 (IL-4) signaling cascade has been identified as a potentially important pathway in the development of allergies. The principal objective of this study was to produce novel transgenic (Tg) mice harboring the luciferase gene under the control of the human IL-4 promoter and the enhancer of IL-4 (CNS-1), in an effort to evaluate three types of allergens including a respiratory sensitizer, vaccine additives, and crude extracts of natural allergens in vivo. A new lineage of Tg mice was generated by the microinjection of pIL-4/Luc/CNS-1 constructs into a fertilized mice egg. The luciferase activity was successfully regulated by the IL-4 promoter in splenocytes cultured from IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice. From the first five founder lines, one (#57) evidencing a profound response to ovalbumin was selected for use in evaluating the allergens. Additionally, the lungs, thymus, and lymph nodes of IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice evidenced high luciferase activity in response to allergens such as phthalic anhydride (PA), trimellitic anhydride, ovalbumin, gelatin, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extracts, and Japanese cedar pollen, whereas key allergy-related indicators including ear thickness, Immunoglobulin E concentration, and the infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes in response to PA were unaltered in the Tg mice relative to the non-Tg mice. Furthermore, the expression levels of endogenous type 2 helper T cells cytokines and proinflammatory cytokines were similarly increased in these organs of IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice in response to allergens. These results indicate that IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice may be used as an animal model for the evaluation and prediction of the human body response to a variety of allergens originating from the environment and from certain industrial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Joon Bae
- Laboratory Animal Resources Division, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul 122-704, Korea
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12
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Xu ZP, Wang H, Hou LN, Xia Z, Zhu L, Chen HZ, Cui YY. Modulatory effect of anisodamine on airway hyper-reactivity and eosinophilic inflammation in a murine model of allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 11:260-5. [PMID: 21168543 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Anisodamine, a peripheral muscarinic receptor antagonist, is a naturally occurring atropine derivative that has been isolated, synthesized and characterized by scientists in China. In the present investigation, we evaluated the modulatory effects of anisodamine on airway hyper-reactivity and inflammation in a murine model of allergic asthma. Asthma model was induced successfully by ovalbumin. The activation of cells, airway eosinopilia, cytokine production, and airway function were examined. Our results collectively show that anisomanine could significantly suppress the accumulation of eosinophils into the airways and dramatically inhibited the histological changes in OVA-induced mice. Additionally, anisodamine could restore the Th1/Th2 balance in BALF by downregulating the level of Th2 cell-associated cytokine IL-4 (p<0.01) and upregulating the level of Th1 cell-associated cytokine IFN-γ (p<0.01). In addition, pretreatment with anisodamine also showed strong suppression of allergen-induced bronchial hyper-reactivity with maximum contraction decreasing from 0.45 ± 0.02 g to 0.28 ± 0.03 g (p<0.01). These results suggested the modulatory effects of anisodamine on Th1/Th2 balance by enhancing Th1-related and suppressing Th2-related parameters, as well as its potential application in airway hyper-reactivity and eosinophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Peng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Brevetoxin-2 induces an inflammatory response in an alveolar macrophage cell line. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2010; 213:352-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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14
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Omalizumab-induced decrease of FcξRI expression in patients with severe allergic asthma. Respir Med 2010; 104:1608-17. [PMID: 20801010 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is documented that omalizumab treatment reduces the cell surface expression of immunoglobulin E high-affinity receptor (FcɛRI) on several cell types. This has not been investigated in patients with uncontrolled severe persistent allergic asthma. METHODS In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, patients with severe allergic asthma uncontrolled by high dose inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β(2)-agonist received either omalizumab (n = 20) or placebo (n = 11) over 16 weeks at appropriate doses and frequencies. Baseline and end of study (week 16) FcɛRI expression on basophils and plasmacytoid dendritic cells was determined by flow cytometry for the primary endpoint. Secondary efficacy endpoints included asthma control and lung function as part of an initial investigation into the use of FcɛRI expression as a marker of response. RESULTS In the omalizumab group, and with respect to placebo, FcɛRI expression was significantly reduced at end of study on basophils (-82.6%, p < 0.01) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (-44.2%, p = 0.029). FcɛRI expression reduction was not found to be correlated with clinical response. CONCLUSIONS Long-term omalizumab treatment induced reduction of FcɛRI expression on circulating basophils and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. These changes were not associated with those of clinical features related to severe asthma, which does not support further investigation into its use as a predictive marker of response. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT00454051) and the European Clinical Trials Database, EudraCT (identifier: 2006-003591-35).
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15
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de Oliveira APL, Peron JPS, Damazo AS, Franco ALDS, Domingos HV, Oliani SM, Oliveira-Filho RM, Vargaftig BB, Tavares-de-Lima W. Female sex hormones mediate the allergic lung reaction by regulating the release of inflammatory mediators and the expression of lung E-selectin in rats. Respir Res 2010; 11:115. [PMID: 20735828 PMCID: PMC2936382 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fluctuations of estradiol and progesterone levels caused by the menstrual cycle worsen asthma symptoms. Conflicting data are reported in literature regarding pro and anti-inflammatory properties of estradiol and progesterone. Methods Female Wistar rats were ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized 1 day after resection of the ovaries (OVx). Control group consisted of sensitized-rats with intact ovaries (Sham-OVx). Allergic challenge was performed by aerosol (OVA 1%, 15 min) two weeks later. Twenty four hours after challenge, BAL, bone marrow and total blood cells were counted. Lung tissues were used as explants, for expontaneous cytokine secretion in vitro or for immunostaining of E-selectin. Results We observed an exacerbated cell recruitment into the lungs of OVx rats, reduced blood leukocytes counting and increased the number of bone marrow cells. Estradiol-treated OVx allergic rats reduced, and those treated with progesterone increased, respectively, the number of cells in the BAL and bone marrow. Lungs of OVx allergic rats significantly increased the E-selectin expression, an effect prevented by estradiol but not by progesterone treatment. Systemically, estradiol treatment increased the number of peripheral blood leukocytes in OVx allergic rats when compared to non treated-OVx allergic rats. Cultured-BAL cells of OVx allergic rats released elevated amounts of LTB4 and nitrites while bone marrow cells increased the release of TNF-α and nitrites. Estradiol treatment of OVx allergic rats was associated with a decreased release of TNF-α, IL-10, LTB4 and nitrites by bone marrow cells incubates. In contrast, estradiol caused an increase in IL-10 and NO release by cultured-BAL cells. Progesterone significantly increased TNF- α by cultured BAL cells and bone marrow cells. Conclusions Data presented here suggest that upon hormonal oscillations the immune sensitization might trigger an allergic lung inflammation whose phenotype is under control of estradiol. Our data could contribute to the understanding of the protective role of estradiol in some cases of asthma symptoms in fertile ans post-menopausal women clinically observed.
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Ple C, Barrier M, Amniai L, Marquillies P, Bertout J, Tsicopoulos A, Walzer T, Lassalle P, Duez C. Natural killer cells accumulate in lung-draining lymph nodes and regulate airway eosinophilia in a murine model of asthma. Scand J Immunol 2010; 72:118-27. [PMID: 20618770 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a key role for the innate immune system in asthma development. Although the role of Natural Killer (NK) cells in allergic asthma is poorly known, modifications of the blood NK cell populations have been found in asthmatic and/or allergic patients. Their repartition and activation status in the inflammatory (lungs) and the regulatory (draining lymph nodes) sites of the allergic reaction is unknown. The aim of our study was to monitor NK cell migration pattern and activation status and to investigate the consequences of NK cell depletion during allergic airway reaction in a mouse model. Ovalbumin sensitization and challenges of BALB/cByJ mice had no effect on the total number of lung NK cells but significantly decreased the number of most mature NK cells and increased the level of the activation marker CD86. In the lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes, ovalbumin sensitization and challenges led to increased number of NK cells, and more precisely, immature NK cells and increased expression of CD86. Ovalbumin-sensitized mice also exhibited increased percentage of proliferating NK cells in lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes. Anti-ASGM1 antibody treatment depleted most NK cells and decreased bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia but did not modify airway responsiveness. Altogether, our study shows that pulmonary allergic sensitization induces modification in the NK cell compartment at the inflammatory and regulatory sites and suggests that NK cells may participate in the regulation of the asthmatic response and, more particularly, to the allergic airway eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ple
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U774, Lille, France
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17
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Sharma J, Turk J, McHowat J. Endothelial cell prostaglandin I(2) and platelet-activating factor production are markedly attenuated in the calcium-independent phospholipase A(2)beta knockout mouse. Biochemistry 2010; 49:5473-81. [PMID: 20521843 DOI: 10.1021/bi100752u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Damage and activation of lung endothelium can lead to interstitial edema, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the interstitium and airways, and production of inflammatory metabolites, all of which propagate airway inflammation in a variety of diseases. We have previously determined that stimulation of human microvascular endothelial cells from lung (HMVEC-L) results in activation of a calcium-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)), and this leads to arachidonic acid release and production of prostaglandin I(2) (PGI(2)) and platelet-activating factor (PAF). We stimulated lung endothelial cells isolated from iPLA(2)beta-knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice with thrombin and tryptase to determine the role of iPLA(2)beta in endothelial cell membrane phospholipid hydrolysis. Thrombin or tryptase stimulation of WT lung endothelial cells resulted in increased arachidonic acid release and production of PGI(2) and PAF. Arachidonic acid release and PGI(2) production by stimulated iPLA(2)beta-KO endothelial cells were significantly reduced compared to WT. Measured PLA(2) activity and PGI(2) production by iPLA(2)beta-KO cells were suppressed by pretreatment with (R)-bromoenol lactone (R-BEL), which is a selective inhibitor of iPLA2gamma. In contrast to the increase in PAF production induced by stimulation of WT endothelial cells, none was observed for KO cells, and this suggests that endothelial PAF production is entirely dependent on iPLA(2)beta activity. Because inflammatory cell recruitment involves the interaction of endothelial cell PAF with PAF receptors on circulating cells, these data suggest that iPLA(2)beta may be a suitable therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janhavi Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
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Shi Y, Dai J, Liu H, Li RR, Sun PL, Du Q, Pang LL, Chen Z, Yin KS. Naringenin inhibits allergen-induced airway inflammation and airway responsiveness and inhibits NF-kappaB activity in a murine model of asthma. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 87:729-35. [PMID: 19794524 DOI: 10.1139/y09-065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Naringenin, a flavonoid, has antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. We investigated whether naringenin could attenuate allergen-induced airway inflammation and its possible mechanism in a murine model of asthma. Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. Some mice were administered with naringenin before ovalbumin challenge. We evaluated the development of airway inflammation and airway reactivity. Interleukin (IL)4, IL13, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)5, and CCL11 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum total IgE were detected by ELISA. IkappaBalpha degradation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lungs were measured by Western blot. We also tested NF-kappaB binding activity by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The mRNA levels of iNOS, CCL5, and CCL11 were detected by real-time PCR. Naringenin attenuated ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and airway reactivity in experimental mice. The naringenin-treated mice had lower levels of IL4 and IL13 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lower serum total IgE. Furthermore, naringenin inhibited pulmonary IkappaBalpha degradation and NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity. The levels of CCL5, CCL11, and iNOS were also significantly reduced. The results indicated that naringenin may play protective roles in the asthma process. The inhibition of NF-kappaB and the decreased expression of its target genes may account for this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Lee J, Lim KT. Inhibitory effect of phytoglycoprotein (24kDa) on allergy-related factors in compound 48/80-induced mast cells in vivo and in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:591-9. [PMID: 20188214 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are involved in immediate allergic reactions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Allergic reactions caused by extracellular allergens such as xenobiotics may become a critical problem in living circumstances. Recently, we isolated and purified glycoprotein from Zanthoxylum piperitum DC fruit (ZPDC), and demonstrated that ZPDC glycoprotein (5-20mg/kg, 25-100mug/ml) has an inhibitory effect on allergy-related mediators in the compound 48/80-treated BALB/c and human mast cells (HMC-1 cells). Our results obtained from this study showed that ZPDC glycoprotein (10mg/kg) inhibited interleukin-4 (IL-4), immunoglobulin E (IgE), and histamine are released in mouse serum. Also, ZPDC glycoprotein (50mug/ml) attenuated the degranulation of mast cells, intracellular Ca(2+) levels, and the activities of phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB (p50 and p65), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the HMC-1 cells. Taken together, we speculate that the ZPDC glycoprotein might be one component found in natural products that has the ability to prevent dysfunction in the immune system caused by several different allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lee
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Gwang-ju 500-757, South Korea
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Dharajiya N, Vaidya SV, Murai H, Cardenas V, Kurosky A, Boldogh I, Sur SA. FcgammaRIIb inhibits allergic lung inflammation in a murine model of allergic asthma. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9337. [PMID: 20179765 PMCID: PMC2825267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is characterized by airway eosinophilia, increased mucin production and allergen-specific IgE. Fc gamma receptor IIb (FcγRIIb), an inhibitory IgG receptor, has recently emerged as a negative regulator of allergic diseases like anaphylaxis and allergic rhinitis. However, no studies to date have evaluated its role in allergic asthma. Our main objective was to study the role of FcγRIIb in allergic lung inflammation. We used a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Inflammation was quantified by BAL inflammatory cells and airway mucin production. FcγRIIb expression was measured by qPCR and flow cytometry and the cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Compared to wild type animals, FcγRIIb deficient mice mount a vigorous allergic lung inflammation characterized by increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cellularity, eosinophilia and mucin content upon ragweed extract (RWE) challenge. RWE challenge in sensitized mice upregulated FcγRIIb in the lungs. Disruption of IFN-γ gene abrogated this upregulation. Treatment of naïve mice with the Th1-inducing agent CpG DNA increased FcγRIIb expression in the lungs. Furthermore, treatment of sensitized mice with CpG DNA prior to RWE challenge induced greater upregulation of FcγRIIb than RWE challenge alone. These observations indicated that RWE challenge upregulated FcγRIIb in the lungs by IFN-γ- and Th1-dependent mechanisms. RWE challenge upregulated FcγRIIb on pulmonary CD14+/MHC II+ mononuclear cells and CD11c+ cells. FcγRIIb deficient mice also exhibited an exaggerated RWE-specific IgE response upon sensitization when compared to wild type mice. We propose that FcγRIIb physiologically regulates allergic airway inflammation by two mechanisms: 1) allergen challenge mediates upregulation of FcγRIIb on pulmonary CD14+/MHC II+ mononuclear cells and CD11c+ cells by an IFN-γ dependent mechanism; and 2) by attenuating the allergen specific IgE response during sensitization. Thus, stimulating FcγRIIb may be a therapeutic strategy in allergic airway disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Dharajiya
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Proteomics Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Swapnil V. Vaidya
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hiroki Murai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Victor Cardenas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander Kurosky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sanjiv A. Sur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yang CJ, Liu YK, Liu CL, Shen CN, Kuo ML, Su CC, Tseng CP, Yen TC, Shen CR. Inhibition of acidic mammalian chitinase by RNA interference suppresses ovalbumin-sensitized allergic asthma. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 20:1597-606. [PMID: 19548841 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma, a chronic helper T cell type 2-mediated inflammatory disease, is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Growing evidence suggests that increased expression of acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. In the present study, we sought to develop an RNA interference approach to suppress allergic asthma in mice through silencing of AMCase expression. Mice sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) were intratracheally administered a recombinant adeno-associated virus expressing short hairpin RNA (rAAV-shRNA) against AMCase. In OVA-sensitized mice, the development of allergic symptoms was significantly associated with elevated AMCase expression. After administration of rAAV-shRNA, there was a significant reduction of AMCase expression in the lung and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells of sensitized mice. Sensitized mice receiving rAAV-shRNA showed a significant improvement in allergic symptoms, including airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), eosinophil infiltration, eotaxin, interleukin-13 secretion in BALF, and serum OVA-specific IgE level. Our data suggest the hyperexpression of AMCase in asthma can be suppressed by rAAV-mediated shRNA. Silencing AMCase expression by shRNA may be a promising therapeutic strategy in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Jen Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Colsoul B, Nilius B, Vennekens R. On the putative role of transient receptor potential cation channels in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:1456-66. [PMID: 19624522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily consists of 28 mammalian TRP cation channels, which can be subdivided into six main subfamilies: the TRPC ('Canonical'), TRPV ('Vanilloid'), TRPM ('Melastatin'), TRPP ('Polycystin'), TRPML ('Mucolipin') and the TRPA ('Ankyrin') groups. Increasing evidence has accumulated during the previous few years that links TRP channels to the cause of several diseases or to critically influence and/or determine their progress. This review focuses on the possible role of TRP channels in the aetiology of asthmatic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Colsoul
- Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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