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Chae DS, Han S, Kim SW. IGF-1 Genome-Edited Human MSCs Exhibit Robust Anti-Arthritogenicity in Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4442. [PMID: 38674027 PMCID: PMC11050354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy stands out as a promising avenue for addressing arthritis treatment. However, its therapeutic efficacy requires further enhancement. In this study, we investigated the anti-arthritogenic potential of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AMM) overexpressing insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in a collagen-induced mouse model. The IGF-1 gene was introduced into the genome of AMM through transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). We assessed the in vitro immunomodulatory properties and in vivo anti-arthritogenic effects of IGF-1-overexpressing AMM (AMM/I). Co-culture of AMM/I with interleukin (IL)-1β-treated synovial fibroblasts significantly suppressed NF-kB levels. Transplantation of AMM/I into mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) led to significant attenuation of CIA progression. Furthermore, AMM/I administration resulted in the expansion of regulatory T-cell populations and suppression of T-helper-17 cell activation in CIA mice. In addition, AMM/I transplantation led to an increase in proteoglycan expression within cartilage and reduced infiltration by inflammatory cells and also levels of pro-inflammatory factors including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), IL-1β, NF-kB, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. In conclusion, our findings suggest that IGF-1 gene-edited human AMM represent a novel alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sik Chae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Dong-A University Medical Center, Busan 49236, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Whan Kim
- Department Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea
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2
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Bok EY, Kim SB, Thakur G, Choe YH, Oh SJ, Hwang SC, Ock SA, Rho GJ, Lee SI, Lee WJ, Lee SL. Insensitive Effects of Inflammatory Cytokines on the Reference Genes of Synovial Fluid Resident-Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15159. [PMID: 37894839 PMCID: PMC10607131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from rheumatoid arthritis patients (RA-MSCs) provide an understanding of a variety of cellular and immunological responses within the inflammatory milieu. Sustained exposure of MSCs to inflammatory cytokines is likely to exert an influence on genetic variations, including reference genes (RGs). The sensitive effect of cytokines on the reference genes of RA-SF-MSCs may be a variation factor affecting patient-derived MSCs as well as the accuracy and reliability of data. Here, we comparatively evaluated the stability levels of nine RG candidates, namely GAPDH, ACTB, B2M, EEF1A1, TBP, RPLP0, PPIA, YWHAZ, and HPRT1, to find the most stable ones. Alteration of the RG expression was evaluated in MSCs derived from the SF of healthy donors (H-SF-MSCs) and in RA-SF-MSCs using the geNorm and NormFinder software programs. The results showed that TBP, PPIA, and YWHAZ were the most stable RGs for the normalization of H-SF-MSCs and RA-SF-MSCs using RT-qPCR, whereas ACTB, the most commonly used RG, was less stable and performed poorly. Additionally, the sensitivity of RG expression upon exposure to proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) was evaluated. RG stability was sensitive in the H-SF-MSCs exposed to TNF-α and IL-1β but insensitive in the RA-SF-MSCs. Furthermore, the normalization of IDO expression using ACTB falsely diminished the magnitude of biological significance, which was further confirmed with a functional analysis and an IDO activity assay. In conclusion, the results suggest that TBP, PPIA, and YWHAZ can be used in SF-MSCs, regardless of their exposure to inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Yeong Bok
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
| | - Saet-Byul Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
| | - Gitika Thakur
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
| | - Yong-Ho Choe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
| | - Seong-Ju Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University, School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sun-A. Ock
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Isero-myeon, Wanju-gun 565851, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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3
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Chae DS, Park YJ, Kim SW. Anti-Arthritogenic Property of Interleukin 10-Expressing Human Amniotic MSCs Generated by Gene Editing in Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147913. [PMID: 35887258 PMCID: PMC9320257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although stem cells are promising tools for the treatment of arthritis, their therapeutic effects remain controversial. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic properties of interleukin (IL)-10-overexpressing human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AMMs) generated via gene editing in a collagen-induced mouse model. IL-10 was inserted into the genomic loci of AMMs via transcription activator-like effector nucleases. In vitro immunomodulatory effects of IL-10-overexpressing AMMs (AMM/I) were evaluated and their anti-arthritogenic properties were determined in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. Transplantation of AMM/I attenuates CIA progression. In addition, the regulatory T cell population was increased, while T helper-17 cell activation was suppressed by AMM/I administration in CIA mice. Consistently, AMM/I injection increased proteoglycan expression, while reducing inflammation and the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory factors, IL-1 β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor- α, in joint tissues. In conclusion, use of IL-10-edited human AMM/I may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sik Chae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, International St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Korea;
| | - Young-Jin Park
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Dong-A University Medical Center, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - Sung-Whan Kim
- Department Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(32)-290-2616; Fax: +82-(32)-290-2620
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Najar M, Merimi M, Faour WH, Lombard CA, Moussa Agha D, Ouhaddi Y, Sokal EM, Lagneaux L, Fahmi H. In Vitro Cellular and Molecular Interplay between Human Foreskin-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells and the Th17 Cell Pathway. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1736. [PMID: 34684029 PMCID: PMC8537928 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foreskin, considered a biological waste material, has been shown to be a reservoir of therapeutic cells. The immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) from the foreskin (FSK-MSCs) are being evaluated in cell-based therapy for degenerative, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Within the injured/inflamed tissue, proinflammatory lymphocytes such as IL-17-producing T helper cells (Th17) may interact with the stromal microenvironment, including MSCs. In this context, MSCs may encounter different levels of T cells as well as specific inflammatory signals. Uncovering the cellular and molecular changes during this interplay is central for developing an efficient and safe immunotherapeutic tool. To this end, an in vitro human model of cocultures of FSK-MSCs and T cells was established. These cocultures were performed at different cell ratios in the presence of an inflammatory setting. After confirming that FSK-MSCs respond to ISCT criteria by showing a typical phenotype and multilineage potential, we evaluated by flow cytometry the expression of Th17 cell markers IL-17A, IL23 receptor and RORγt within the lymphocyte population. We also measured 15 human Th17 pathway-related cytokines. Regardless of the T cell/MSC ratio, we observed a significant increase in IL-17A expression associated with an increase in IL-23 receptor expression. Furthermore, we observed substantial modulation of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, INF-γ, sCD40, and TNF-α secretion. These findings suggest that FSK-MSCs are receptive to their environment and modulate the T cell response accordingly. The changes within the secretome of the stromal and immune environment are likely relevant for the therapeutic effect of MSCs. FSK-MSCs represent a valuable cellular product for immunotherapeutic purposes that needs to be further clarified and developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (M.N.); (L.L.)
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Makram Merimi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (M.M.); (D.M.A.)
- LBBES Laboratory, Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Wissam H. Faour
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos 5053, Lebanon;
| | - Catherine A. Lombard
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (C.A.L.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Douâa Moussa Agha
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (M.M.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Yassine Ouhaddi
- Orthopaedics Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital (MGH), The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada;
| | - Etienne M. Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (C.A.L.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (M.N.); (L.L.)
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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Lee HJ, Lee WJ, Hwang SC, Choe Y, Kim S, Bok E, Lee S, Kim SJ, Kim HO, Ock SA, Noh HS, Rho GJ, Lee SI, Lee SL. Chronic inflammation-induced senescence impairs immunomodulatory properties of synovial fluid mesenchymal stem cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:502. [PMID: 34521481 PMCID: PMC8439066 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been highlighted as a new therapy for autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the disease-specific characteristics of MSCs derived from elderly RA patients are not well understood. Methods We established MSCs derived from synovial fluid (SF) from age-matched early (average duration of the disease: 1.7 years) and long-standing (average duration of the disease: 13.8 years) RA patients (E-/L-SF-MSCs) and then analyzed the MSC characteristics such as stemness, proliferation, cellular senescence, in vitro differentiation, and in vivo immunomodulatory properties. Results The presence of MSC populations in the SF from RA patients was identified. We found that L-SF-MSCs exhibited impaired proliferation, intensified cellular senescence, reduced immunomodulatory properties, and attenuated anti-arthritic capacity in an RA animal model. In particular, E-SF-MSCs demonstrated cellular senescence progression and attenuated immunomodulatory properties similar to those of L-SF-MSC in an RA joint-mimetic milieu due to hypoxia and pro-inflammatory cytokine exposure. Due to a long-term exposure to the chronic inflammatory milieu, cellular senescence, attenuated immunomodulatory properties, and the loss of anti-arthritic potentials were more often identified in SF-MSCs in a long-term RA than early RA. Conclusion We conclude that a chronic RA inflammatory milieu affects the MSC potential. Therefore, this work addresses the importance of understanding MSC characteristics during disease states prior to their application in patients. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02453-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jeong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Choe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Saetbyul Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyeong Bok
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyeob Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Joon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-A Ock
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Isero-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 565-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Sook Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Chlorzoxazone, a small molecule drug, augments immunosuppressive capacity of mesenchymal stem cells via modulation of FOXO3 phosphorylation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:158. [PMID: 32123161 PMCID: PMC7052156 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, immune diseases are a large burden in healthcare. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have prominent ability in immunomodulation and have been applicated on treating many immune-related diseases. However, the clinical outcomes can be disparate and sometimes completely counterproductive beyond explanation of cell heterogeneity. The theory of immunomodulation plasticity in MSCs has then emerged to explain that MSCs can be induced into proinflammatory MSC1 or anti-inflammatory MSC2 responding to different immune environment. It would be safer and more efficient if we could induce MSCs into a certain immune phenotype, in most cases MSC2, prior to medical treatment. In this study, we screened and identified a classical FDA-approved drug, chlorzoxazone (CZ). Unlike traditional method induced by IFN-γ, CZ can induce MSC into MSC2 phenotype and enhance the immunosuppressive capacity without elevation of immunogenicity of MSCs. CZ-treated MSCs can better inhibit T cells activation and proliferation, promote expression of IDO and other immune mediators in vitro, and alleviate inflammatory infiltration and tissue damage in acute kidney injury rat model more effectively. Moreover, we discovered that CZ modulates phosphorylation of transcriptional factor forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) independent of classical AKT or ERK signaling pathways, to promote expression of downstream immune-related genes, therefore contributing to augmentation of MSCs immunosuppressive capacity. Our study established a novel and effective approach to induce MSC2, which is ready for clinical application.
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Hoogduijn MJ, Lombardo E. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Anno 2019: Dawn of the Therapeutic Era? Concise Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1126-1134. [PMID: 31282113 PMCID: PMC6811696 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
2018 was the year of the first marketing authorization of an allogeneic stem cell therapy by the European Medicines Agency. The authorization concerns the use of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for treatment of complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease. This is a breakthrough in the field of MSC therapy. The last few years have, furthermore, seen some breakthroughs in the investigations into the mechanisms of action of MSC therapy. Although the therapeutic effects of MSCs have largely been attributed to their secretion of immunomodulatory and regenerative factors, it has now become clear that some of the effects are mediated through host phagocytic cells that clear administered MSCs and in the process adapt an immunoregulatory and regeneration supporting function. The increased interest in therapeutic use of MSCs and the ongoing elucidation of the mechanisms of action of MSCs are promising indicators that 2019 may be the dawn of the therapeutic era of MSCs and that there will be revived interest in research to more efficient, practical, and sustainable MSC-based therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1126-1134.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Hoogduijn
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhang Q, Li Q, Zhu J, Guo H, Zhai Q, Li B, Jin Y, He X, Jin F. Comparison of therapeutic effects of different mesenchymal stem cells on rheumatoid arthritis in mice. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7023. [PMID: 31198641 PMCID: PMC6553443 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and nonspecific autoimmune disease, which leads to joint destruction and deformity. To investigate the potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a new therapeutic strategy for patients with RA, we compared the therapeutic effects of bone marrow derived MSCs (BMSCs), umbilical cord derived MSCs (UCs), and stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Methods A total of 24 DBA/1 mice were infused with type II collagen to induce RA in the experimental model. MSC-treated mice were infused with UCs, BMSCs, and SHED, respectively. Bone erosion and joint destruction were measured by micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured by immunohistochemistry and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results Systemic delivery of MSCs significantly improved the severity of the symptoms related to CIA to greater extent compared with the untreated control group. Micro-CT revealed reduced bone erosions in the metatarsophalangeal joints upon treatment with MSCs. Additionally, according to histologic evaluation, reduced synovitis and articular destruction were observed in MSC-treated groups. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum and joints decreased with treatment by MSCs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that systemic infusion of UCs, BMSCs, and SHED may significantly alleviate the effects of RA. The therapeutic effect of BMSCs was greater than that of SHED, while the UCs were shown to have the best therapeutic effect on CIA mice. In conclusion, compared with BMSCs and SHED, UCs may be a more suitable source of MSCs for the treatment of patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qihong Li
- Department of Stomatology, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiming Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoning He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical Universit, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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9
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Najar M, Fayyad-Kazan H, Faour WH, Merimi M, Sokal EM, Lombard CA, Fahmi H. Immunological modulation following bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and Th17 lymphocyte co-cultures. Inflamm Res 2018; 68:203-213. [PMID: 30506263 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The objective of the study is to uncover the influence of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on the generation of Th17 lymphocytes in co-cultures of both BM-MSCs and T cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS BM-MSCs, characterized according to the international society for cellular therapy (ISCT) criteria, were co-cultured with T cells isolated from peripheral blood. The expression levels of IL-17 receptor, RORγt and IL-23 receptor were evaluated using flow cytometry. The levels of cytokines involved in Th17 immunomodulation were measured using multiplex assay. TREATMENT Inflammatory primed and non-primed BM-MSCs were co-cultured with either activated or non-activated T cells either at (1/80) and (1/5) ratio respectively. RESULTS MSC/T-cell ratio and inflammation significantly influenced the effect of BM-MSCs on the generation of Th17 lymphocytes. Cocultures of either primed or non-primed BM-MSCs with activated T cells significantly induced IL-17A-expressing lymphocytes. Interestingly, the expression of the transcription factor RORγt was significantly increased when compared to levels in activated T cells. Finally, both cell ratio and priming of BM-MSCs with cytokines substantially influenced the cytokine profile of BM-MSCs and T cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that BM-MSCs significantly modulate the Th17 lymphocyte pathway in a complex manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, R11.424, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Wissam H Faour
- Pharmacology, Gilbert and Rose-Mary Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Makram Merimi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Physiology, Ethnopharmacology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Etienne M Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale and Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine A Lombard
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale and Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, R11.424, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
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10
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Tian J, Rui K, Tang X, Wang W, Ma J, Tian X, Wang Y, Xu H, Lu L, Wang S. IL-17 down-regulates the immunosuppressive capacity of olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42953-42962. [PMID: 27356747 PMCID: PMC5189999 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs) are a population of cells which has been recognized as a new resident stem cell type in the olfactory lamina propria. OE-MSCs have been shown to exert their immunosuppressive capacity by modulating T cell responses, including up-regulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and down-regulation of Th1/Th17 cells. As an inflammatory cytokine, IL-17 plays a critical role in orchestrating the inflammatory response during the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). However, it is unclear whether the increased level of IL-17 may affect the immunosuppressive function of OE-MSCs under inflammatory condition. In this study, we found that IL-17 could significantly reduce the suppressive capacity of OE-MSCs on CD4+ T cells and down-regulate the suppressive factors produced by OE-MSCs. Notably, IL-17 treatment abolished the capacity of OE-MSCs in inducing Treg expansion. In addition, knockdown of IL-17R in OE-MSCs significantly enhanced their therapeutic effect in ameliorating CIA upon adoptive transfer. Moreover, IL-17R knockdown-OE-MSCs could efficiently induce Tregs expansion and reduce Th1 and Th17 responses. Taken together, all these data suggest that IL-17R knockdown in OE-MSCs may provide a novel strategy in maintaining their immunosuppressive properties for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yungang Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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11
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Swaminathan M, Stafford-Smith M, Chertow GM, Warnock DG, Paragamian V, Brenner RM, Lellouche F, Fox-Robichaud A, Atta MG, Melby S, Mehta RL, Wald R, Verma S, Mazer CD. Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of AKI after Cardiac Surgery. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:260-267. [PMID: 29038286 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AKI after cardiac surgery remains strongly associated with mortality and lacks effective treatment or prevention. Preclinical studies suggest that cell-based interventions may influence functional recovery. We conducted a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 27 centers across North America to determine the safety and efficacy of allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in reducing the time to recovery from AKI after cardiac surgery. We randomized 156 adult subjects undergoing cardiac surgery with evidence of early AKI to receive intra-aortic MSCs (AC607; n=67) or placebo (n=68). The primary outcome was the time to recovery of kidney function defined as return of postintervention creatinine level to baseline. The median time to recovery of kidney function was 15 days with AC607 and 12 days with placebo (25th, 75th percentile range, 10-29 versus 6-21, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.53 to 1.24; P=0.32). We did not detect a significant difference between groups in 30-day all-cause mortality (16.7% with AC607; 11.8% with placebo) or dialysis (10.6% with AC607; 7.4% with placebo). At follow-up, 12 patients who received AC607 and six patients who received placebo had died. Rates of other adverse events did not differ between groups. In these patients with AKI after cardiac surgery, administration of allogeneic MSCs did not decrease the time to recovery of kidney function. Our results contrast with those in preclinical studies and provide important information regarding the potential effects of MSCs in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Swaminathan
- Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark Stafford-Smith
- Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Glenn M Chertow
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | | | | | - François Lellouche
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alison Fox-Robichaud
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohamed G Atta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Spencer Melby
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ravindra L Mehta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California; and
| | - Ron Wald
- Division of Nephrology and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital
| | - Subodh Verma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, and
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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12
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Abdalmula A, Dooley LM, Kaufman C, Washington EA, House JV, Blacklaws BA, Ghosh P, Itescu S, Bailey SR, Kimpton WG. Immunoselected STRO-3 + mesenchymal precursor cells reduce inflammation and improve clinical outcomes in a large animal model of monoarthritis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:22. [PMID: 28173831 PMCID: PMC5297153 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of intravenously administered immunoselected STRO-3 + mesenchymal precursor cells (MPCs) on clinical scores, joint pathology and cytokine production in an ovine model of monoarthritis. METHODS Monoarthritis was established in 16 adult merino sheep by administration of bovine type II collagen into the left hock joint following initial sensitization to this antigen. After 24 h, sheep were administered either 150 million allogeneic ovine MPCs (n = 8) or saline (n = 8) intravenously (IV). Lameness, joint swelling and pain were monitored and blood samples for leukocytes and cytokine levels were collected at intervals following arthritis induction. Animals were necropsied 14 days after arthritis induction and gross and histopathological evaluations were undertaken on tissues from the arthritic (left) and contralateral (right) joints. RESULTS MPC-treated sheep demonstrated significantly reduced clinical signs of lameness, joint pain and swelling compared with saline controls. They also showed decreased cartilage erosions, synovial stromal cell activation and angiogenesis. This was accompanied by decreased infiltration of the synovial tissues by CD4+ lymphocytes and CD14+ monocytes/macrophages. Over the 3 days following joint arthropathy induction, the numbers of neutrophils circulating in the blood and plasma concentrations of activin A were significantly reduced in animals administered MPCs. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study have demonstrated the capacity of IV-administered MPCs to mitigate the clinical signs and some of the inflammatory mediators responsible for joint tissue destruction in a large animal model of monoarthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Activins/blood
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Movement
- Collagen Type II/administration & dosage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-17/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Joints/immunology
- Joints/pathology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/immunology
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/pathology
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/pathology
- Sheep, Domestic
- Synovial Fluid/chemistry
- Synovial Fluid/cytology
- Synovial Fluid/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Abdalmula
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 5010 Australia
| | - Laura M. Dooley
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 5010 Australia
| | - Claire Kaufman
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 5010 Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Washington
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 5010 Australia
| | - Jacqueline V. House
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Barbara A. Blacklaws
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES UK
| | - Peter Ghosh
- Mesoblast Ltd, 55 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Silviu Itescu
- Mesoblast Ltd, 55 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Simon R. Bailey
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 5010 Australia
| | - Wayne G. Kimpton
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 5010 Australia
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13
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Park N, Rim YA, Jung H, Kim J, Yi H, Kim Y, Jang Y, Jung SM, Lee J, Kwok SK, Park SH, Ju JH. Etanercept-Synthesising Mesenchymal Stem Cells Efficiently Ameliorate Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39593. [PMID: 28084468 PMCID: PMC5234034 DOI: 10.1038/srep39593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have multiple properties including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in various disease models and clinical treatments. These beneficial effects, however, are sometimes inconsistent and unpredictable. For wider and proper application, scientists sought to improve MSC functions by engineering. We aimed to invent a novel method to produce synthetic biological drugs from engineered MSCs. We investigated the anti-arthritic effect of engineered MSCs in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. Biologics such as etanercept are the most successful drugs used in anti-cytokine therapy. Biologics are made of protein components, and thus can be theoretically produced from cells including MSCs. MSCs were transfected with recombinant minicircles encoding etanercept (trade name, Enbrel), which is a tumour necrosis factor α blocker currently used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. We confirmed minicircle expression in MSCs in vitro based on GFP. Etanercept production was verified from the conditioned media. We confirmed that self-reproduced etanercept was biologically active in vitro. Arthritis subsided more efficiently in CIA mice injected with mcTNFR2MSCs than in those injected with conventional MSCs or etanercept only. Although this novel strategy is in a very early conceptual stage, it seems to represent a potential alternative method for the delivery of biologics and engineering MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narae Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeri Alice Rim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerin Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Juryun Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoju Yi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Youngkyun Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yeonsue Jang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
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14
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Shin TH, Kim HS, Kang TW, Lee BC, Lee HY, Kim YJ, Shin JH, Seo Y, Won Choi S, Lee S, Shin K, Seo KW, Kang KS. Human umbilical cord blood-stem cells direct macrophage polarization and block inflammasome activation to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2524. [PMID: 28005072 PMCID: PMC5260999 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-lasting intractable autoimmune disorder, which has become a substantial public health problem. Despite widespread use of biologic drugs, there have been uncertainties in efficacy and long-term safety. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been suggested as a promising alternative for the treatment of RA because of their immunomodulatory properties. However, the precise mechanisms of MSCs on RA-related immune cells are not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) as a new therapeutic strategy for patients with RA and to explore the mechanisms underlying hUCB-MSC-mediated immunomodulation. Mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were administered with hUCB-MSCs after the onset of disease, and therapeutic efficacy was assessed. Systemic delivery of hUCB-MSCs significantly ameliorated the severity of CIA to a similar extent observed in the etanercept-treated group. hUCB-MSCs exerted this therapeutic effect by regulating macrophage function. To verify the regulatory effects of hUCB-MSCs on macrophages, macrophages were co-cultured with hUCB-MSCs. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated activation of cyclooxygenase-2 and TNF-stimulated gene/protein 6 in hUCB-MSCs polarized naive macrophages toward an M2 phenotype. In addition, hUCB-MSCs down-regulated the activation of nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin 3 inflammasome via a paracrine loop of interleukin-1β signaling. These immune-balancing effects of hUCB-MSCs were reproducible in co-culture experiments using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with active RA. hUCB-MSCs can simultaneously regulate multiple cytokine pathways in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines elevated in RA microenvironment, suggesting that treatment with hUCB-MSCs could be an attractive candidate for patients with treatment-refractory RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Shin
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine in Kangstem Biotech, Biomedical Science Building, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine in Kangstem Biotech, Biomedical Science Building, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jin Kim
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine in Kangstem Biotech, Biomedical Science Building, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Shin
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojin Seo
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Won Choi
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine in Kangstem Biotech, Biomedical Science Building, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kichul Shin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Seo
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine in Kangstem Biotech, Biomedical Science Building, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Fuenzalida P, Kurte M, Fernández-O'ryan C, Ibañez C, Gauthier-Abeliuk M, Vega-Letter AM, Gonzalez P, Irarrázabal C, Quezada N, Figueroa F, Carrión F. Toll-like receptor 3 pre-conditioning increases the therapeutic efficacy of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis model. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:630-41. [PMID: 27059200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Immunomodulatory properties of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UCMSCs) can be differentially modulated by toll-like receptors (TLR) agonists. Here, the therapeutic efficacy of short TLR3 and TLR4 pre-conditioning of UCMSCs was evaluated in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The novelty of this study is that although modulation of human MSCs activity by TLRs is not a new concept, this is the first time that short TLR pre-conditioning has been carried out in a murine inflammatory model of acute colitis. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water ad libitum for 7 days. At days 1 and 3, mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1 × 10(6) UCMSCs untreated or TLR3 and TLR4 pre-conditioned UCMSCs. UCMSCs were pre-conditioned with poly(I:C) for TLR3 and LPS for TLR4 for 1 h at 37°C and 5% CO2. We evaluated clinical signs of disease and body weights daily. At the end of the experiment, colon length and histological changes were assessed. RESULTS poly(I:C) pre-conditioned UCMSCs significantly ameliorated the clinical and histopathological severity of DSS-induced colitis compared with UCMSCs or LPS pre-conditioned UCMSCs. In contrast, infusion of LPS pre-conditioned UCMSCs significantly increased clinical signs of disease, colon shortening and histological disease index in DSS-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS These results show that short in vitro TLR3 pre-conditioning with poly(I:C) enhances the therapeutic efficacy of UCMSCs, which is a major breakthrough for developing improved treatments to patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Fuenzalida
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Kurte
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Fernández-O'ryan
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Ibañez
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Melanie Gauthier-Abeliuk
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Vega-Letter
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paz Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile; Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Irarrázabal
- Laboratory of Integrative and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nataly Quezada
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Figueroa
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Carrión
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile.
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16
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Quaranta P, Focosi D, Freer G, Pistello M. Tweaking Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cell Immunomodulatory Properties with Viral Vectors Delivering Cytokines. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1321-41. [PMID: 27476883 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) can be found in various body sites. Their main role is to differentiate into cartilage, bone, muscle, and fat cells to allow tissue maintenance and repair. During inflammation, MSCs exhibit important immunomodulatory properties that are not constitutive, but require activation, upon which they may exert immunosuppressive functions. MSCs are defined as "sensors of inflammation" since they modulate their ability of interfering with the immune system both in vitro and in vivo upon interaction with different factors. MSCs may influence immune responses through different mechanisms, such as direct cell-to-cell contact, release of soluble factors, and through the induction of anergy and apoptosis. Human MSCs are defined as plastic-adherent cells expressing specific surface molecules. Lack of MHC class II antigens makes them appealing as allogeneic tools for the therapy of both autoimmune diseases and cancer. MSC therapeutic potential could be highly enhanced by the expression of exogenous cytokines provided by transduction with viral vectors. In this review, we attempt to summarize the results of a great number of in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at improving the ability of MSCs as immunomodulators in the therapy of autoimmune, degenerative diseases and cancer. We will also compare results obtained with different vectors to deliver heterologous genes to these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Quaranta
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Focosi
- 2 North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Freer
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy .,3 Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy .,3 Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
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17
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Yeung WWY, Lau CS. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for rheumatic diseases. HONG KONG BULLETIN ON RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/hkbrd-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy (MSCT) is an innovative treatment for rheumatic diseases. Underlying mechanism of how MSCT works in rheumatic diseases are still uncertain and with various hypotheses. Animal studies in MSCT show conflicting results mainly attributed by the differences in administration methods of MSCT, types of MSC use and randomization procedures. Human studies of MSCT are so far small scale but with satisfactory results in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Human studies of MSCT, however, showed less rewarding results in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Larger scale studies are needed to confirm the efficiency of MSCT as well as the safety profile in human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Wan-Yin Yeung
- Department of Medicine, Pamela Youth Nethersole Eastern Hospital, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, HK
| | - Chak-Sing Lau
- University Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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18
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Yan X, Cen Y, Wang Q. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate experimental rheumatoid arthritis through microRNA-regulated IκB expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28915. [PMID: 27354158 PMCID: PMC4926108 DOI: 10.1038/srep28915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation reduces the severity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice, which is a model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in humans. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain ill-defined. Here, we showed that MSC transplantation reduced the activities of NF-κB signaling and decreased microRNA-548e (miR-548e) levels in the joint tissue in CIA-mice, seemingly through activation of transforming growth factor β receptor signaling. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that miR-548e inhibited protein translation of the NF-κB inhibitor, IκB, through binding to the 3′-UTR of the IκB mRNA. MSCs co-transplanted with adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying miR-548e abolished the therapeutic effects of MSCs on CIA. On the other hand, transplantation of AAV carrying antisense of miR-548e (as-miR-548e) partially mimicked the effects of MSC transplantation on CIA. Together, these data suggest that MSC transplantation may alleviate experimental RA partially through suppressing miR-548e-mediated IκB inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi University affiliated the First Hospital, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yurong Cen
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, South Campus, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, South Campus, Shanghai 201400, China.,Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Nanfang Medical University affiliated Fengxian Hospital, South Campus, Shanghai 201400, China
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19
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Park KH, Mun CH, Kang MI, Lee SW, Lee SK, Park YB. Treatment of Collagen-Induced Arthritis Using Immune Modulatory Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:1057-72. [DOI: 10.3727/096368915x687949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immune modulatory properties. We investigated the potential therapeutic effects of human bone marrow (BM)-, adipose tissue (AD)-, and cord blood (CB)-derived MSCs in an experimental animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and explored the mechanism underlying immune modulation by MSCs. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of clinically available human BM-, AD-, and CB-derived MSCs in DBA/1 mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CIA mice were injected intraperitoneally with three types of MSCs. Treatment control animals were injected with 35 mg/kg methotrexate (MTX) twice weekly. Clinical activity in CIA mice, degree of inflammation, cytokine expression in the joint, serum cytokine levels, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were evaluated. Mice treated with human BM-, AD-, and CB-MSCs showed significant improvement in clinical joint score, comparable to MTX-treated mice. Histologic examination showed greatly reduced joint inflammation and damage in MSC-treated mice compared with untreated mice. Microcomputed tomography also showed little joint damage in the MSC-treated group. MSCs significantly decreased serum interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, and interferon-γ and increased IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β levels. Tregs were increased in mice treated with MSCs compared to untreated or MTX-treated mice. Human BM-, AD-, and CB-MSCs significantly suppressed joint inflammation in CIA mice. The cells decreased proinflammatory cytokines and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines and induced Tregs. Therefore, our study suggests that the use of human BM-, AD-, and CB-MSCs could be an effective therapeutic approach for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Hyung Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chin Hee Mun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Il Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Kon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Lim JY, Im KI, Lee ES, Kim N, Nam YS, Jeon YW, Cho SG. Enhanced immunoregulation of mesenchymal stem cells by IL-10-producing type 1 regulatory T cells in collagen-induced arthritis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26851. [PMID: 27246365 PMCID: PMC4887998 DOI: 10.1038/srep26851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties and have potential, however, there have been conflicting reports regarding their effects in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which causes inflammation and destruction of the joints. Through a comparative analysis of regulatory T (Treg) and IL-10-producing type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells, we hypothesized that Tr1 cells enhance the immunoregulatory functions of MSCs, and that a combinatorial approach to cell therapy may exert synergistic immunomodulatory effects in an experimental animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A combination of MSCs and Tr1 cells prevented the development of destructive arthritis compared to single cell therapy. These therapeutic effects were associated with an increase in type II collagen (CII)-specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells and inhibition of CII-specific CD4+IL-17+ T cells. We observed that Tr1 cells produce high levels of IL-10-dependent interferon (IFN)-β, which induces toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 expression in MSCs. Moreover, induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by TLR3 involved an autocrine IFN-β that was dependent on STAT1 signaling. Furthermore, we observed that production of IFN-β and IL-10 in Tr1 cells synergistically induces IDO in MSCs through the STAT1 pathway. These findings suggest co-administration of MSCs and Tr1 cells to be a novel therapeutic modality for clinical autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Lim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sol Lee
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Nam
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jeon
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea
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21
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Maria ATJ, Maumus M, Le Quellec A, Jorgensen C, Noël D, Guilpain P. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Autoimmune Disorders: State of the Art and Perspectives for Systemic Sclerosis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016; 52:234-259. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Gonzalo-Gil E, Pérez-Lorenzo MJ, Galindo M, Díaz de la Guardia R, López-Millán B, Bueno C, Menéndez P, Pablos JL, Criado G. Human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis by inducing host-derived indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:77. [PMID: 27036118 PMCID: PMC4818397 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have prompted their therapeutic application in several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. Adult MSC are finite and their clinical use is restricted by the need for long-term expansion protocols that can lead to genomic instability. Inhibition of Smad2/3 signaling in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) provides an infinite source of MSC that match the phenotype and functional properties of adult MSC. Here, we test the therapeutic potential of hPSC-MSC of embryonic origin (embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, hESC-MSC) in the experimental model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Methods CIA was induced in DBA/1 mice by immunization with type II collagen (CII) in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA). Mice were treated with either a single dose (106 cells/mouse) of hESC-MSC on the day of immunization (prophylaxis) or with three doses of hESC-MSC every other day starting on the day of arthritis onset (therapy). Arthritis severity was evaluated daily for six weeks and ten days, respectively. Frequency of Treg (FoxP3+), Th1 (IFNγ+) and Th17 (IL17+) CD4+ T cells in inguinal lymph nodes (ILN) was quantified by flow cytometry. Serum levels of anti-CII antibodies were determined by ELISA. Detection of hESC-MSC and quantification of murine and human indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO1) expression was performed by quantitative real-time PCR. Statistical differences were analyzed by ANOVA and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results Administration of hESC-MSC to mice with established arthritis reduced disease severity compared to control-treated mice. Analysis of CD4 T cell populations in treated mice showed an increase in FoxP3+ Treg and IFNγ+ Th1 cells but not in Th17 cells in the ILN. Anti-CII antibody levels were not affected by treatment. Migration of hESC-MSC to the ILN in treated mice was associated with the induction of murine IDO1. Conclusion Treatment with hESC-MSC ameliorates CIA by inducing IFNγ+ Th1 cells and IDO1 in the host. Thus, hESC-MSC can provide an infinite cellular source for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gonzalo-Gil
- Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases Group, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Pérez-Lorenzo
- Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases Group, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Galindo
- Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases Group, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Rheumatology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Díaz de la Guardia
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén López-Millán
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L Pablos
- Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases Group, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Rheumatology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Criado
- Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases Group, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute, Madrid, Spain. .,Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases Group, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Center, Avenida de Córdoba s/n. 28041, Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Hynes K, Bright R, Proudman S, Haynes D, Gronthos S, Bartold M. Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cell in experimental arthritis in rat and mouse models: A systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2016; 46:1-19. [PMID: 27105756 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advances in the treatment of arthritis with the development of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, 30% of patients still fail to respond to treatment. Given the potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their ability to repair damaged cartilage, bone, and tendons, it has been proposed that MSC could be ideal for cell-based treatment of arthritis. OBJECTIVE This systematic review investigates evidence from studies on the therapeutic efficacy of MSC in rodent models of arthritis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Wed of Science were searched to June 2015 for quantitative studies examining the outcome of treating animal models of arthritis with MSC. Inclusion criteria were as follows: administration of mesenchymal stem as a treatment approach for arthritis; animal models only; and published in English. We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS The literature search identified 30 studies which met the inclusion criteria. A range of MSC populations were assessed in various rodent models of arthritis. Of these, 19 demonstrated positive outcomes while 11 studies failed to demonstrate positive effects. Owing to the extensive variation in the experimental design, cells investigated and the outcome measures described in the manuscripts, no meta-analysis was possible. Furthermore, the numerical values for the primary outcome measure of clinical paw score were frequently not published in the manuscripts analyzed, as they were only illustrated in graphical form. CONCLUSIONS Numerous studies have investigated the utility of a range of MSC populations in the treatment of experimental arthritis. The results obtained from these studies have been highly inconsistent, with multiple studies identifying a statistically significant improvement in arthritis scores after treatment with MSC, while other studies identified a statistically significant deterioration in arthritis scores and thirdly some studies showed no effect. Further studies using standardized protocols and outcome measures are needed to determine fully the potential of MSC populations in the treatment of experimental arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hynes
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Richard Bright
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Susanna Proudman
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Haynes
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark Bartold
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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24
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Kang MI, Park YB. Immunomodulatory Function of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Rheumatoid Arthritis. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2016.23.5.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Il Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University Medical College, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Immunology and Immunologic Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Skalska U, Kontny E. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from infrapatellar fat pad of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis have comparable immunomodulatory properties. Autoimmunity 2015; 49:124-31. [PMID: 26711868 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1113267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) possess immunosuppressive properties, but their activity is dependent on stimuli provided by local environment. It is possible that proinflammatory milieu of rheumatoid joint affects ASCs function. To verify this hypothesis, rheumatoid ASCs (RA-ASCs) and osteoarthritic ASCs (OA-ASCs) derived from infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) of the knee joint have been compared. RA- and OA-ASCs isolated from patients were cultured in vitro. Their secretory and proliferative activity was measured. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors were co-cultured with ASCs. Then, PBMCs proliferation was measured by (3)H-thymidine incorporation method, cytokines secretion by immunoassays, T cells activation and regulatory T cells (Tregs) percentage - by flow cytometry. RA- and OA-ASCs properties in vitro were comparable, however, some differences in secretory activity occurred. RA- and OA-ASCs inhibited PBMCs proliferation and induced interleukin 10 production but up-regulated interleukin 17 A secretion and failed to limit release of other proinflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor [TNF], interferon γ [IFNγ], CCL5) by PBMCs. RA- and OA-ASCs did not suppress activation markers expression on T cells and did not trigger Tregs expansion. The present study shows that IPFP-ASCs from RA and OA patients have comparable functions in vitro. Their immunosuppressive activity seems to be impaired comparing to available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Skalska
- a Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology , Institute of Rheumatology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Ewa Kontny
- a Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology , Institute of Rheumatology , Warsaw , Poland
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26
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Lee ES, Lim JY, Im KI, Kim N, Nam YS, Jeon YW, Cho SG. Adoptive Transfer of Treg Cells Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Facilitates Repopulation of Endogenous Treg Cells in a Murine Acute GVHD Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138846. [PMID: 26393514 PMCID: PMC4578951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic effects of combined cell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and regulatory T cells (Treg cells) have recently been studied in acute graft-versus-host-disease (aGVHD) models. However, the underlying, seemingly synergistic mechanism behind combined cell therapy has not been determined. We investigated the origin of Foxp3+ Treg cells and interleukin 17 (IL-17+) cells in recipients following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) to identify the immunological effects of combined cell therapy. Treg cells were generated from eGFP-expressing C57BL/6 mice (Tregegfp cells) to distinguish the transferred Treg cells; recipients were then examined at different time points after BMT. Systemic infusion of MSCs and Treg cells improved survival and GVHD scores, effectively downregulating pro-inflammatory Th×and Th17 cells. These therapeutic effects of combined cell therapy resulted in an increased Foxp3+ Treg cell population. Compared to single cell therapy, adoptively transferred Tregegfp cells only showed prolonged survival in the combined cell therapy group on day 21 after allogeneic BMT. In addition, Foxp3+ Treg cells, generated endogenously from recipients, significantly increased. Significantly higher levels of Tregegfp cells were also detected in aGVHD target organs in the combined cell therapy group compared to the Treg cells group. Thus, our data indicate that MSCs may induce the long-term survival of transferred Treg cells, particularly in aGVHD target organs, and may increase the repopulation of endogenous Treg cells in recipients after BMT. Together, these results support the potential of combined cell therapy using MSCs and Treg cells for preventing aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sol Lee
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Lim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Nam
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jeon
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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27
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Kim N, Cho SG. New strategies for overcoming limitations of mesenchymal stem cell-based immune modulation. Int J Stem Cells 2015; 8:54-68. [PMID: 26019755 PMCID: PMC4445710 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2015.8.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have rapidly been applied in a broad field of immune-mediated disorders since the first successful clinical use of MSCs for treatment of graft-versus-host disease. Despite the lack of supporting data, expectations that MSCs could potentially treat most inflammatory conditions led to rushed application and development of commercialized products. Today, both pre-clinical and clinical studies present mixed results for MSC therapy and the discrepancy between expected and actual efficacy of MSCs in various diseases has evoked a sense of discouragement. Therefore, we believe that MSC therapy may now be at a critical milestone for re-evaluation and re-consideration. In this review, we summarize the current status of MSC-based clinical trials and focus on the discrepancy between expected and actual outcome of MSC therapy from bench to bedside. Importantly, we discuss the underlying limitations of MSCs and suggest a new guideline for MSC therapy in hopes of improving their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoun Kim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea ; Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Immunoregulation by mesenchymal stem cells: biological aspects and clinical applications. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:394917. [PMID: 25961059 PMCID: PMC4417567 DOI: 10.1155/2015/394917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells capable of differentiation into mesenchymal lineages and that can be isolated from various tissues and easily cultivated in vitro. Currently, MSCs are of considerable interest because of the biological characteristics that confer high potential applicability in the clinical treatment of many diseases. Specifically, because of their high immunoregulatory capacity, MSCs are used as tools in cellular therapies for clinical protocols involving immune system alterations. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the capacity of MSCs for the immunoregulation of immunocompetent cells and emphasize the effects of MSCs on T cells, principal effectors of the immune response, and the immunosuppressive effects mediated by the secretion of soluble factors and membrane molecules. We also describe the mechanisms of MSC immunoregulatory modulation and the participation of MSCs as immune response regulators in several autoimmune diseases, and we emphasize the clinical application in graft versus host disease (GVHD).
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29
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Fletcher AL, Elman JS, Astarita J, Murray R, Saeidi N, D'Rozario J, Knoblich K, Brown FD, Schildberg FA, Nieves JM, Heng TSP, Boyd RL, Turley SJ, Parekkadan B. Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cell transplants show robust therapeutic efficacy in high-mortality murine sepsis. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:249ra109. [PMID: 25122637 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is an aggressive inflammatory syndrome and a global health burden estimated to kill 7.3 million people annually. Single-target molecular therapies have not addressed the multiple disease pathways triggered by septic injury. Cell therapies might offer a broader set of mechanisms of action that benefit complex, multifocal disease processes. We describe a population of immune-specialized myofibroblasts derived from lymph node tissue, termed fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). Because FRCs have an immunoregulatory function in lymph nodes, we hypothesized that ex vivo-expanded FRCs would control inflammation when administered therapeutically. Indeed, a single injection of ex vivo-expanded allogeneic FRCs reduced mortality in mouse models of sepsis when administered at early or late time points after septic onset. Mice treated with FRCs exhibited lower local and systemic concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and reduced bacteremia. When administered 4 hours after induction of lipopolysaccharide endotoxemia, or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis in mice, FRCs reduced deaths by at least 70%. When administered late in disease (16 hours after CLP), FRCs still conveyed a robust survival advantage (44% survival compared to 0% for controls). FRC therapy was dependent on the metabolic activity of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) as the primary molecular mechanism of drug action in the mice. Together, these data describe a new anti-inflammatory cell type and provide preclinical evidence for therapeutic efficacy in severe sepsis that warrants further translational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Fletcher
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jessica S Elman
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jillian Astarita
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan Murray
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nima Saeidi
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joshua D'Rozario
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Konstantin Knoblich
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Flavian D Brown
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank A Schildberg
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Janice M Nieves
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tracy S P Heng
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Richard L Boyd
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Biju Parekkadan
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Lee WJ, Hah YS, Ock SA, Lee JH, Jeon RH, Park JS, Lee SI, Rho NY, Rho GJ, Lee SL. Cell source-dependent in vivo immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow and synovial fluid of minipigs. Exp Cell Res 2015; 333:273-288. [PMID: 25819273 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro differentiation and immunosuppressive capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from synovial fluid (SF-MSCs) and bone marrow extract (BM-MSCs) in an isogenic background of minipigs were comparatively analyzed in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The proliferation capacity and expression of pluripotent transcription factors (Oct3/4 and Sox2) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in SF-MSCs than in BM-MSCs. The differentiation capacity of SF-MSCs into adipocytes, osteocytes and neurocytes was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of BM-MSCs, and the differentiation capacity of SF-MSCs into chondrocytes was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of BM-MSCs. Systemic injection of BM- and SF-MSCs significantly (P<0.05) ameliorated the clinical symptoms of CIA mice, with SF-MSCs having significantly (P<0.05) higher clinical and histopathological recovery scores than BM-MSCs. Furthermore, the immunosuppressive properties of SF-MSCs in CIA mice were associated with increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10, and decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and osteoclast-related sRANKL. In conclusion, SF-MSCs exhibited eminent pluripotency and differentiation capacity into chondrocytes, addition to substantial in vivo immunosuppressive capacity by elevating IL-10 and reducing IL-1β levels in CIA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-A Ock
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon 441-706, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryong-Hoon Jeon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sung Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Rho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 4S7
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
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Nam YS, Kim N, Im KI, Lim JY, Lee ES, Cho SG. Negative impact of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2030-2039. [PMID: 25717235 PMCID: PMC4326137 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i7.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were fed 3.5% (g/L) dextran sulfate sodium. On day seven, the mice received intraperitoneal injections of 1 × 106 MSCs. The survival rate, disease activity index values, and body weight, were monitored daily. On day ten, colon lengths and histopathologic changes were assessed. In addition, immunoregulatory changes following MSC administration were evaluated by determining the levels of effector T cell responses in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes, and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in homogenized colons.
RESULTS: Intraperitoneal administration of MSCs did not prevent development of colitis and did not reduce the clinicopathologic severity of IBD. No significant difference was evident in either survival rate or disease activity index score between the control and MSC-treated group. Day ten-sacrificed mice exhibited no significant difference in either colon length or histopathologic findings. Indeed, the MSC-treated group exhibited elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and transforming growth factor-β, and a reduced level of IL-10, in spleens, mesenteric lymph nodes, and homogenized colons. The IL-17 level was lower in the mesenteric lymph nodes of the MSC-treated group (P = 0.0126). In homogenized colons, the IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.0092) expression levels were also lower in the treated group.
CONCLUSION: MSC infusion provided no significant histopathologic or clinical improvement, thus representing a limited therapeutic approach for IBD. Functional enhancement of MSCs is needed in further study.
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Cipriani P, Ruscitti P, Di Benedetto P, Carubbi F, Liakouli V, Berardicurti O, Ciccia F, Triolo G, Giacomelli R. Mesenchymal stromal cells and rheumatic diseases: new tools from pathogenesis to regenerative therapies. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:832-49. [PMID: 25680301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been largely investigated and tested as a new therapeutic tool for several clinical applications, including the treatment of different rheumatic diseases. MSCs are responsible for the normal turnover and maintenance of adult mesenchymal tissues as the result of their multipotent differentiation abilities and their secretion of a variety of cytokines and growth factors. Although initially derived from bone marrow, MSCs are present in many different tissues such as many peri-articular tissues. MSCs may exert immune-modulatory properties, modulating different immune cells in both in vitro and in vivo models, and they are considered immune-privileged cells. At present, these capacities are considered the most intriguing aspect of their biology, introducing the possibility that these cells may be used as effective therapy in autoimmune diseases. Therefore, stem cell therapies may represent an innovative approach for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, especially for the forms that are not responsive to standard treatments or alternatively still lacking a definite therapy. At present, although the data from scientific literature appear to suggest that such treatments might be more effective whether administered as soon as possible, the use of MSCs in clinical practice is likely to be restricted to patients with a long history of a severe refractory disease. Further results from larger clinical trials are needed to corroborate preclinical findings and human non-controlled studies, and advancement in the knowledge of MSCs might provide information about the therapeutic role of these cells in the treatment of many rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cipriani
- Rheumatology Unit, Clinical Science and Biotechnology Department, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Rheumatology Unit, Clinical Science and Biotechnology Department, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paola Di Benedetto
- Rheumatology Unit, Clinical Science and Biotechnology Department, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Carubbi
- Rheumatology Unit, Clinical Science and Biotechnology Department, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Liakouli
- Rheumatology Unit, Clinical Science and Biotechnology Department, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Onorina Berardicurti
- Rheumatology Unit, Clinical Science and Biotechnology Department, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Triolo
- Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Rheumatology Unit, Clinical Science and Biotechnology Department, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Duffy MM, McNicholas BA, Monaghan DA, Hanley SA, McMahon JM, Pindjakova J, Alagesan S, Fearnhead HO, Griffin MD. Mesenchymal stem cells and a vitamin D receptor agonist additively suppress T helper 17 cells and the related inflammatory response in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F1412-26. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00024.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) suppress T helper (Th)17 cell differentiation and are being clinically pursued for conditions associated with aberrant Th17 responses. Whether such immunomodulatory effects are enhanced by coadministration of MSCs with other agents is not well known. In the present study, individual and combined effects of MSCs and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonist paricalcitol on Th17 induction were investigated in vitro and in a mouse model of sterile kidney inflammation (unilateral ureteral obstruction). In vitro, MSCs and paricalcitol additively suppressed Th17 differentiation, although only MSCs suppressed expression of Th17-associated transcriptions factors. Combined administration of MSCs and paricalcitol resulted in an early ( day 3) reduction of intrarenal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD11b+/lymphocyte antigen 6G+ neutrophils, and inflammatory (lymphocyte antigen 6Chi) monocytes as well as reduced transcript for IL-17 compared with untreated animals. Later ( day 8), obstructed kidneys of MSC/paricalcitol double-treated mice, but not mice treated with either intervention alone, had reduced tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis as well as lower numbers of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes and an increase in the ratio between M2 (CD206+) and M1 (CD206−) macrophages compared with control mice. Adjunctive therapy with VDR agonists may enhance the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs in the setting of pathogenic Th17-type immune responses and related inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Duffy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bairbre A. McNicholas
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - David A. Monaghan
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland; and
| | - Shirley A. Hanley
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jill M. McMahon
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland; and
| | - Jana Pindjakova
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Senthilkumar Alagesan
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Howard O. Fearnhead
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D. Griffin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Glenn JD, Whartenby KA. Mesenchymal stem cells: Emerging mechanisms of immunomodulation and therapy. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:526-539. [PMID: 25426250 PMCID: PMC4178253 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i5.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a pleiotropic population of cells that are self-renewing and capable of differentiating into canonical cells of the mesenchyme, including adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. They employ multi-faceted approaches to maintain bone marrow niche homeostasis and promote wound healing during injury. Biomedical research has long sought to exploit their pleiotropic properties as a basis for cell therapy for a variety of diseases and to facilitate hematopoietic stem cell establishment and stromal reconstruction in bone marrow transplantation. Early results demonstrated their usage as safe, and there was little host response to these cells. The discovery of their immunosuppressive functions ushered in a new interest in MSCs as a promising therapeutic tool to suppress inflammation and down-regulate pathogenic immune responses in graft-versus-host and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, autoimmune diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. MSCs produce a large number of soluble and membrane-bound factors, some of which inhibit immune responses. However, the full range of MSC-mediated immune-modulation remains incompletely understood, as emerging reports also reveal that MSCs can adopt an immunogenic phenotype, stimulate immune cells, and yield seemingly contradictory results in experimental animal models of inflammatory disease. The present review describes the large body of literature that has been accumulated on the fascinating biology of MSCs and their complex effects on immune responses.
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Guo W, Imai S, Dubner R, Ren K. Multipotent stromal cells for arthritic joint pain therapy and beyond. Pain Manag 2014; 4:153-62. [PMID: 24641438 DOI: 10.2217/pmt.14.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) have been studied as a candidate for cell-based therapy for a variety of conditions including joint diseases. Clinical studies have used MSCs to treat arthritis and related joint diseases and generated encouraging results. There is improved joint cartilage tissues and functional activity, along with reduction of pain. MSCs may also possess intrinsic analgesic properties. Studies have shown MSC-induced pain relief in animal models and the opioids are involved in this effect. Beyond tissue repair, MSCs may not need to be grafted to the injury site to produce an effect. It is hypothesized that MSCs interact with the host immune cells and the relayed signal helps to produce and maintain a long-lasting therapeutic effect including pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Neural & Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Paradoxical effects of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on progression of experimental arthritis in SKG mice. Cell Immunol 2014; 292:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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TNFα and IL-1β influence the differentiation and migration of murine MSCs independently of the NF-κB pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:104. [PMID: 25163844 PMCID: PMC4177434 DOI: 10.1186/scrt492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to repair and regenerate tissue, home to sites of inflammation, and evade the host immune system. As such, they represent an attractive therapy for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. However, results from in vivo murine studies in inflammatory arthritis have been conflicting, and this may be due to the genetic background of the MSCs used. It is known that the inflammatory milieu may influence properties of MSCs and that, in the case of human bone marrow-derived MSCs, this may be mediated by the nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. We sought to determine whether pro-inflammatory cytokines altered the differentiation and migration capacity of murine MSCs from different mouse strains and whether this was mediated by NF-κB. METHODS The differentiation and migration of FVB and BALB/c MSCs were carried out in the presence of varying concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-1β, and the NF-κB pathway was inhibited in one of two ways: either by transduction of MSCs with an adenoviral vector expressing a super-repressor of NF-κB or by the addition of curcumin to culture media. RESULTS Both BALB/c and FVB MSCs were sensitive to the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. TNFα and IL-1β suppressed BALB/c osteogenesis and adipogenesis and FVB osteogenesis. The migration of both cell types toward media containing fetal bovine serum was augmented by pre-stimulation with either cytokine. In neither cell type were the cytokine effects reversed by abrogation of the NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS These data show that murine MSCs from different genetic backgrounds may be influenced by an inflammatory milieu in a manner that is not mediated by NF-κB, as is the case for human MSCs. This is not mediated by NF-κB. These findings are important and should influence how in vivo trials of murine MSCs are interpreted and the future development of pre-clinical studies in inflammatory diseases.
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Gotts JE, Abbott J, Matthay MA. Influenza causes prolonged disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier in mice unresponsive to mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L395-406. [PMID: 25038188 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00110.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral pneumonia is a major cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Anti-inflammatory therapies for viral-induced lung injury show promise in preclinical models. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing cells that secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and epithelial and endothelial growth factors. We inoculated mice intranasally with influenza A (murine-adapted Puerto Rico/8/34) or PBS, and the mice were killed at multiple time points after infection for measures of lung injury and viral load. We report that influenza induces marked, long-lasting dysfunction of the alveolar-capillary barrier peaking at 1 wk but lasting longer than 3 wk postinfection. Weight loss, commonly employed as a criterion for euthanasia (and hence "survival"), was found to be poorly predictive of the severity of lung injury at its peak; rather, persistent weight loss 11 days postinfection identified mice with impaired injury resolution. Murine and human bone marrow-derived MSCs (obtained from the National Institutes of Health repository) were then administered intravenously during the rapid phase of injury progression. Murine MSCs (mMSCs) given two times 24 h apart failed to improve weight loss, lung water, bronchoalveolar lavage inflammation, or histology. However, mMSCs prevented influenza-induced thrombocytosis and caused a modest reduction in lung viral load at day 7. Human MSCs administered intravenously showed a similar lack of efficacy. The results demonstrate that the influenza murine model bears important similarities to the slow resolution of ARDS in patients. Despite their potent therapeutic effects in many models of acute inflammation and lung injury, MSCs do not improve influenza-mediated lung injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Gotts
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason Abbott
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Clinical applications of mesenchymal stem cells in chronic diseases. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:306573. [PMID: 24876848 PMCID: PMC4021690 DOI: 10.1155/2014/306573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraordinary progress in understanding several key features of stem cells has been made in the last ten years, including definition of the niche, and identification of signals regulating mobilization and homing as well as partial understanding of the mechanisms controlling self-renewal, commitment, and differentiation. This progress produced invaluable tools for the development of rational cell therapy protocols that have yielded positive results in preclinical models of genetic and acquired diseases and, in several cases, have entered clinical experimentation with positive outcome. Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are nonhematopoietic cells with multilineage potential to differentiate into various tissues of mesodermal origin. They can be isolated from bone marrow and other tissues and have the capacity to extensively proliferate in vitro. Moreover, MSCs have also been shown to produce anti-inflammatory molecules which can modulate humoral and cellular immune responses. Considering their regenerative potential and immunoregulatory effect, MSC therapy is a promising tool in the treatment of degenerative, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. It is obvious that much work remains to be done to increase our knowledge of the mechanisms regulating development, homeostasis, and tissue repair and thus to provide new tools to implement the efficacy of cell therapy trials.
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Figueroa FE, Cuenca Moreno J, La Cava A. Novel approaches to lupus drug discovery using stem cell therapy. Role of mesenchymal-stem-cell-secreted factors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:555-66. [PMID: 24655067 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.897692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at increased risk for premature death, particularly among young adults, and present dilemmas regarding drug efficacy versus toxicity. Novel therapeutic strategies have included the use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies that are promising but still have limitations. In several disease models, it has become apparent that MSCs do not necessarily replace diseased tissues but rather exert complex paracrine effects that are mediated by their extracellular-secreted products. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors highlight the data on MSC treatment of SLE and related mechanisms of actions. This data includes the recent evidence that MSC-secreted factors such as extracellular microvesicles (MVs) are important mediators of MSC therapy. Among MVs, the authors delineate the role of exosomes as triggers of regenerative effects in target cells, mediated by transfer of proteins, mRNAs or microRNAs. The authors also outline some of the biological and regulatory restraints encountered by MSC therapy, in contrast to the potential advantages of MSC-derived exosomes as new therapeutic tools in SLE. EXPERT OPINION There is concern about reproducible data on the use of MSC therapy in rheumatic diseases and specifically SLE. Although most experts consider MSCs to be safe, there are still worries over donor variability, immune-mediated rejection, culture-induced senescence, loss of functional properties and genetic instability or eventual malignant transformation. MSC-released factors could avoid most limiting factors associated with cell therapy and are therefore expected to provide a new and safe therapeutic option at an affordable cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando E Figueroa
- Universidad de los Andes, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina , Santiago de , Chile
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Sullivan C, Barry F, Ritter T, O'Flatharta C, Howard L, Shaw G, Anegon I, Murphy M. Allogeneic murine mesenchymal stem cells: migration to inflamed joints in vivo and amelioration of collagen induced arthritis when transduced to express CTLA4Ig. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:3203-13. [PMID: 23895495 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the immunosuppressive, homing, and regenerative capabilities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), their ability to migrate to arthritic joints and influence the course of arthritis in vivo remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine if allogeneic MSCs migrate to inflamed joints in vivo and to determine if MSCs expressing the costimulation blocker cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 coupled to immunoglobulin-G (CTLA4Ig) could be used to ameliorate collagen induced arthritis (CIA). The migration of systemically delivered inbred mouse strain (FVB) MSCs to migrate to inflamed joints in CIA was studied using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the effect of BALB/c MSCs modified with an adenoviral vector to express CTLA4Ig, on T cell function in vitro and on CIA in vivo was assessed. After systemic delivery of FVB MSCs, eGFP DNA was detectable in the joints of mice with CIA confirming that some MSCs had reached to inflamed joints. BALB/c MSCs suppressed the secretion of both TNFα and IFNγ, and reduced the ratio of Th1:Th2 cytokine expression, by DBA/1 T cells in vitro irrespective of viral modification. The expression of CTLA4Ig did not augment this effect. Despite a worsening of disease scores after infusion of BALB/c MSCs in vivo, BALB/c MSCs expressing CTLA4Ig significantly delayed the onset of inflammatory arthritis in CIA. These data demonstrate that allogeneic MSCs can migrate to the inflamed joints of CIA in vivo and that genetically modified allogeneic MSCs may be considered for development of gene therapy strategies for inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Sullivan
- 1 Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewing, multipotent progenitor cells with multilineage potential to differentiate into cell types of mesodermal origin, such as adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. In addition, MSCs can migrate to sites of inflammation and exert potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects through interactions between lymphocytes associated with both the innate and adaptive immune system. Along with these unique therapeutic properties, their ease of accessibility and expansion suggest that use of MSCs may be a useful therapeutic approach for various disorders. In the clinical setting, MSCs are being explored in trials of various conditions, including orthopedic injuries, graft versus host disease following bone marrow transplantation, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and liver diseases. Furthermore, genetic modification of MSCs to overexpress antitumor genes has provided prospects for clinical use as anticancer therapy. Here, we highlight the currently reported uses of MSCs in clinical trials and discuss their efficacy as well as their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoun Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim N, Im KI, Lim JY, Jeon EJ, Nam YS, Kim EJ, Cho SG. Mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment and prevention of graft-versus-host disease: experiments and practice. Ann Hematol 2013; 92:1295-308. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Oshita K, Yamaoka K, Kondo M, Tanaka Y. Regulatory role of mesenchymal stem cells in osteoclast differentiation. Inflamm Regen 2013. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.33.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Mesenchymal stem cells promote neutrophil activation by inducing IL-17 production in CD4+ CD45RO+ T cells. Immunobiology 2013; 218:90-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tomchuck SL, Norton EB, Garry RF, Bunnell BA, Morris CA, Freytag LC, Clements JD. Mesenchymal stem cells as a novel vaccine platform. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012; 2:140. [PMID: 23162801 PMCID: PMC3499769 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are the most efficient and cost-effective means of preventing infectious disease. However, traditional vaccine approaches have thus far failed to provide protection against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis, malaria, and many other diseases. New approaches to vaccine development are needed to address some of these intractable problems. In this report, we review the literature identifying stimulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on immune responses and explore the potential for MSC as a novel, universal vaccination platform. MSC are unique bone marrow-derived multipotent progenitor cells that are presently being exploited as gene therapy vectors for a variety of conditions, including cancer and autoimmune diseases. Although MSC are predominantly known for anti-inflammatory properties during allogeneic MSC transplant, there is evidence that MSC can actually promote adaptive immunity under certain settings. MSC have also demonstrated some success in anti-cancer therapeutic vaccines and anti-microbial prophylactic vaccines, as we report, for the first time, the ability of modified MSC to express and secrete a viral antigen that stimulates antigen-specific antibody production in vivo. We hypothesize that the unique properties of modified MSC may enable MSC to serve as an unconventional but innovative, vaccine platform. Such a platform would be capable of expressing hundreds of proteins, thereby generating a broad array of epitopes with correct post-translational processing, mimicking natural infection. By stimulating immunity to a combination of epitopes, it may be possible to develop prophylactic and even therapeutic vaccines to tackle major health problems including those of non-microbial and microbial origin, including cancer, or an infectious disease like HIV, where traditional vaccination approaches have failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L Tomchuck
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, LA, USA
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Therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells in bone and joint diseases. Clin Exp Med 2012; 14:13-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-012-0218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Exploring the role of soluble factors associated with immune regulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:329-42. [PMID: 21881832 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized as multipotent stromal cells with the capacity for both self-renewal and differentiation into mesodermal cell lineages. MSCs also have a fibroblast-like phenotype and can be isolated from several tissues. In recent years, researchers have found that MSCs secrete several soluble factors that exert immunosuppressive effects by modulating both innate (macrophages, dendritic and NK cells) and adaptive (B cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) immune responses. This review summarizes the principal trophic factors that are related to immune regulation and secreted by MSCs under both autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. The understanding of mechanisms that regulate immunity in MSCs field is important for their future use as a novel cellular-based immunotherapy with clinical applications in several diseases.
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Eljaafari A, Tartelin ML, Aissaoui H, Chevrel G, Osta B, Lavocat F, Miossec P. Bone marrow-derived and synovium-derived mesenchymal cells promote Th17 cell expansion and activation through caspase 1 activation: contribution to the chronicity of rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:2147-57. [PMID: 22275154 DOI: 10.1002/art.34391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Th17 cells have been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We hypothesized that the interaction of T cells with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) or with fibroblast- like synoviocytes (FLS) might, with the help of T cell-secreted inflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin-17A [IL-17A], tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα], and/or interferon-γ [IFNγ]), promote Th17 cell expansion and activation. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy blood donors were cocultured with BM-MSCs or FLS from RA patients or osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Cocultures were exposed to phytohemagglutinin with or without IL-17A, TNFα, or IFNγ. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and cytofluorometry were used to measure IL-17A production. RESULTS Interaction of PBMCs with BM-MSCs inhibited Th1 and Th2 responses, but promoted Th17 cell expansion, as early as 24 hours, as demonstrated by increases in retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γ or IL-17A messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, IL-17A secretion levels, and IL-17A-secreting cell frequency, as well as by T cell switching to the Th17 pathway after 2 rounds of stimulation with MSCs. IL-17A production was also increased in PBMCs stimulated with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 or in isolated CD3+ or CD45RO+ T cells, thus demonstrating the role of T cell activation. Levels of mRNA for IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β were further amplified when T cell-secreted inflammatory cytokines were added. Interestingly, OA FLS or RA FLS also enhanced IL-17A and IL-6 production, but only RA FLS enhanced IFNγ and IL-1β production. We further demonstrated that MSC-mediated Th17 promotion requires caspase 1 activation by using an inhibitory peptide and measuring its activity. CONCLUSION We found that the interaction of MSCs or FLS with T cells promotes the activation and expansion of Th17 cells through caspase 1 activation. Since proinflammatory and T cell-secreted inflammatory cytokines are also amplified, this mechanism may participate in the chronicity of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Eljaafari
- Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunogenomics and Inflammation Unit, EA4130, Hospices Civils de Lyon, and University Claude Bernard, Lyon, France.
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Abstract
Preclinical trials confirmed the potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to improve functional recovery after experimental stroke. Beneficial effects of MSCs are often attributed to their immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory functions. Surprisingly, the influence of MSCs on the immune system after stroke is poorly understood, but requires special consideration because cerebral ischemia is associated with stroke-induced immunodepression that predisposes to bacterial infections with increased mortality. In this study, we intravenously transplanted syngeneic murine bone marrow-derived MSCs (mMSCs) into C57BL/6 mice at 6 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo; 60 minutes) to investigate the impact of MSCs on stroke-induced immunodepression. Transplantation of syngeneic splenocytes or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) served as controls. An immune status was determined by flow cytometry on days 3 and 14 after MCAo, which did not reveal any negative effects of cell transplantation on stroke-induced immunodepression. Although our mMSCs were found to exert immunosuppressive effects in vitro, stroke-mediated immune cell dysfunction was not altered by mMSCs in ex-vivo stimulation assays with lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A. Moreover, systemic inflammatory cytokine levels (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorα, interferonγ, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) remained unchanged in the sera of mice after cerebral ischemia and cell transplantation. These results reduce safety concerns about MSC administration in ongoing clinical stroke trials.
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