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Bohat R, Liang X, Chen Y, Xu C, Zheng N, Guerrero A, Hou J, Jaffery R, Egan NA, Li Y, Tang Y, Unsal E, Robles A, Chen S, Major AM, Elldakli H, Chung SH, Liang H, Hicks MJ, Du Y, Lin JS, Chen X, Mohan C, Peng W. Fas lpr gene dosage tunes the extent of lymphoproliferation and T cell differentiation in lupus. Clin Immunol 2024; 258:109874. [PMID: 38113962 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Sle1 and Faslpr are two lupus susceptibility loci that lead to manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. To evaluate the dosage effects of Faslpr in determining cellular and serological phenotypes associated with lupus, we developed a new C57BL/6 (B6) congenic lupus strain, B6.Sle1/Sle1.Faslpr/+ (Sle1homo.lprhet) and compared it with B6.Faslpr/lpr (lprhomo), B6.Sle1/Sle1 (Sle1homo), and B6.Sle1/Sle1.Faslpr/lpr (Sle1homo.lprhomo) strains. Whereas Sle1homo.lprhomo mice exhibited profound lymphoproliferation and early mortality, Sle1homo.lprhet mice had a lifespan comparable to B6 mice, with no evidence of splenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. Compared to B6 monogenic lupus strains, Sle1homo.lprhet mice exhibited significantly elevated serum ANA antibodies and increased proteinuria. Additionally, Sle1homo.lprhet T cells had an increased propensity to differentiate into Th1 cells. Gene dose effects of Faslpr were noted in upregulating serum IL-1⍺, IL-2, and IL-27. Taken together, Sle1homo.lprhet strain is a new C57BL/6-based model of lupus, ideal for genetic studies, autoantibody repertoire investigation, and for exploring Th1 effector cell skewing without early-age lymphoproliferative autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Bohat
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Xiaofang Liang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Chunyu Xu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Ningbo Zheng
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Ashley Guerrero
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Jiakai Hou
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Roshni Jaffery
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Nicholas A Egan
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Yaxi Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Yitao Tang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Esra Unsal
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Adolfo Robles
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Angela M Major
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Hadil Elldakli
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Sang-Hyuk Chung
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - M John Hicks
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America
| | - Jamie S Lin
- Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Xiqun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America.
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Valiente GR, Munir A, Hart ML, Blough P, Wada TT, Dalan EE, Willis WL, Wu LC, Freud AG, Jarjour WN. Gut dysbiosis is associated with acceleration of lupus nephritis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:152. [PMID: 34996983 PMCID: PMC8742035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) exerts a strong influence over the host immune system and dysbiosis of this microbial community can affect the clinical phenotype in chronic inflammatory conditions. To explore the role of the GM in lupus nephritis, we colonized NZM2410 mice with Segmented Filamentous Bacteria (SFB). Gut colonization with SFB was associated with worsening glomerulonephritis, glomerular and tubular immune complex deposition and interstitial inflammation compared to NZM2410 mice free of SFB. With SFB colonization mice experienced an increase in small intestinal lamina propria Th17 cells and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). However, although serum IL-17A expression was elevated in these mice, Th17 cells and ILC3s were not detected in the inflammatory infiltrate in the kidney. In contrast, serum and kidney tissue expression of the macrophage chemoattractants MCP-1 and CXCL1 were significantly elevated in SFB colonized mice. Furthermore, kidney infiltrating F4/80+CD206+M2-like macrophages were significantly increased in these mice. Evidence of increased gut permeability or "leakiness" was also detected in SFB colonized mice. Finally, the intestinal microbiome of SFB colonized mice at 15 and 30 weeks of age exhibited dysbiosis when compared to uncolonized mice at the same time points. Both microbial relative abundance as well as biodiversity of colonized mice was found to be altered. Collectively, SFB gut colonization in the NZM2410 mouse exacerbates kidney disease, promotes kidney M2-like macrophage infiltration and overall intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo R Valiente
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Armin Munir
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Perry Blough
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Takuma T Wada
- Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Emma E Dalan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William L Willis
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lai-Chu Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aharon G Freud
- The Department of Pathology and the James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wael N Jarjour
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Bukulmez H, Horkayne-Szakaly I, Bilgin A, Baker TP, Caplan AI, Jones OY. Intrarenal injection of mesenchymal stem cell for treatment of lupus nephritis in mice - a pilot study. Lupus 2020; 30:52-60. [PMID: 33135563 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320968897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The current project is to explore feasibility of direct intra-renal injection of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) for treatment of lupus nephritis in mice. The treatment protocol involved aged male BXSB (20 weeks) injected with 1 × 106 hMSC unilaterally under the renal capsule. Mice were harvested after 10 weeks follow-up for postmortem exam. Controls included untreated age matched male BXSB and healthy C57Bl/6. At the end of follow-up period, the survival of treated BXSB was 10 folds higher at 62.5% compared to survival of untreated control at 6.3%. The survival of C57Bl/6 remained at 100% with or without similar treatment. The renal pathology review was most significant for decreased tissue inflammation in treated BXSB compared to untreated controls. Renal tissue expression of IL-1b, IL17 were decreased and CTLA-4 was increased by RT PCR among treated compared to untreated BXSB. Thus, direct delivery of hMSC by intrarenal injection is a promising route for treatment of lupus nephritis as shown in this xenogeneic model. Further studies -using expanded numbers of mice to include other lupus strains- are warranted to investigate the mechanisms involved and to optimize treatment protocol for safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulya Bukulmez
- Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Asuman Bilgin
- Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas P Baker
- Joint Pathology Center, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Arnold I Caplan
- Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Olcay Y Jones
- Division Pediatric Rheumatology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Zhu J, Hay AN, Potter AA, Richwine MW, Sproule T, LeRoith T, Wilson J, Hasham MG, Roopenian DC, Leeth CM. Abrogated AID Function Prolongs Survival and Diminishes Renal Pathology in the BXSB Mouse Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1091-1100. [PMID: 31988182 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Almost a decade has passed since the approval of belimumab, an mAb directed against B lymphocyte stimulation and the first targeted therapy approved for systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) in over 50 y. Although well tolerated, the efficacy of belimumab remains limited and is not labeled for patients suffering from nephritis, the leading cause of patient mortality. We sought to explore alternative targets of autoreactive B lymphocytes through manipulation of affinity maturation. The BXSB/MpJ mouse, a well-established model of human SLE, develops elevated antinuclear Abs and immune complex-mediated nephritis along with other manifestations of SLE-like disease. To limit interfering with critical background genetics, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to disrupt activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID; Aicda) directly in BXSB zygotes. Homozygous null mice demonstrated significantly prolonged survival compared with wild-type. Although mice continued to develop plasma cells, splenic follicular structure was restored, and renal pathology was reduced. Mice developed expanded germinal center B lymphocyte populations as in other models of AID deficiency as well as increased populations of CD73+ B lymphocytes. Treatment with the small molecule inhibitor of RAD51, 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid, resulted in minimal changes in disease markers in BXSB mice. The prolonged survival in AID-deficient BXSB mice appears attributed primarily to the reduced renal pathology, warranting further exploration, as current therapeutics targeting lupus nephritis are limited and, thus, in great demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Alayna N Hay
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Ashley A Potter
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Madison W Richwine
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | | | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - John Wilson
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609; and
| | | | | | - Caroline M Leeth
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061;
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5
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Gene-diet interactions associated with complex trait variation in an advanced intercross outbred mouse line. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4097. [PMID: 31506438 PMCID: PMC6736984 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11952-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic variation of quantitative traits is orchestrated by a complex interplay between the environment (e.g. diet) and genetics. However, the impact of gene-environment interactions on phenotypic traits mostly remains elusive. To address this, we feed 1154 mice of an autoimmunity-prone intercross line (AIL) three different diets. We find that diet substantially contributes to the variability of complex traits and unmasks additional genetic susceptibility quantitative trait loci (QTL). By performing whole-genome sequencing of the AIL founder strains, we resolve these QTLs to few or single candidate genes. To address whether diet can also modulate genetic predisposition towards a given trait, we set NZM2410/J mice on similar dietary regimens as AIL mice. Our data suggest that diet modifies genetic susceptibility to lupus and shifts intestinal bacterial and fungal community composition, which precedes clinical disease manifestation. Collectively, our study underlines the importance of including environmental factors in genetic association studies. Complex traits associate with genetic variation and environment and their interaction. Here, the authors study the influence of different diets on trait variability in 1154 outbred mice from an advanced intercross line and find gene-diet interactions associated with spontaneous autoimmunity development in these animals.
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6
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Qin L, Du Y, Ding H, Haque A, Hicks J, Pedroza C, Mohan C. Bradykinin 1 receptor blockade subdues systemic autoimmunity, renal inflammation, and blood pressure in murine lupus nephritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:12. [PMID: 30621761 PMCID: PMC6325757 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to explore the role of bradykinins and bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) in murine lupus nephritis. METHODS C57BL/6 and MRL/lpr mice were compared for renal expression of B1R and B2R by western blot and immunohistochemistry. MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice were administered the B1R antagonist, SSR240612 for 12 weeks, and monitored for blood pressure, proteinuria, renal function, and serum autoantibodies. RESULTS Renal B1R:B2R ratios were significantly upregulated in MRL/lpr mice compared with B6 controls. B1R blockade ameliorated renal pathology lesions, proteinuria, and blood pressure, accompanied by lower serum IgG and anti-dsDNA autoantibody levels, reduced splenic marginal zone B cells and CD4+ T cells, and renal infiltrating CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Both urine and renal CCL2 and CCL5 chemokines were also decreased in the B1R blocked MRL/lpr mice. CONCLUSION Bradykinin receptor B1R blockade ameliorates both systemic immunity and renal inflammation possibly by inhibiting multiple chemokines and renal immune cell infiltration. B1R blockade may be particularly attractive in subjects with concomitant lupus nephritis and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qin
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Huihua Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Anam Haque
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - John Hicks
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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Cao Q, Zhao X, Bai J, Gery S, Sun H, Lin DC, Chen Q, Chen Z, Mack L, Yang H, Deng R, Shi X, Chong LW, Cho H, Xie J, Li QZ, Müschen M, Atkins AR, Liddle C, Yu RT, Alkan S, Said JW, Zheng Y, Downes M, Evans RM, Koeffler HP. Circadian clock cryptochrome proteins regulate autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:12548-12553. [PMID: 29109286 PMCID: PMC5703267 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1619119114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian system regulates numerous physiological processes including immune responses. Here, we show that mice deficient of the circadian clock genes Cry1 and Cry2 [Cry double knockout (DKO)] develop an autoimmune phenotype including high serum IgG concentrations, serum antinuclear antibodies, and precipitation of IgG, IgM, and complement 3 in glomeruli and massive infiltration of leukocytes into the lungs and kidneys. Flow cytometry of lymphoid organs revealed decreased pre-B cell numbers and a higher percentage of mature recirculating B cells in the bone marrow, as well as increased numbers of B2 B cells in the peritoneal cavity of Cry DKO mice. The B cell receptor (BCR) proximal signaling pathway plays a critical role in autoimmunity regulation. Activation of Cry DKO splenic B cells elicited markedly enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins compared with cells from control mice, suggesting that overactivation of the BCR-signaling pathway may contribute to the autoimmunity phenotype in the Cry DKO mice. In addition, the expression of C1q, the deficiency of which contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, was significantly down-regulated in Cry DKO B cells. Our results suggest that B cell development, the BCR-signaling pathway, and C1q expression are regulated by circadian clock CRY proteins and that their dysregulation through loss of CRY contributes to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jingwen Bai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Oncology, Xiang An Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Sigal Gery
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Haibo Sun
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - De-Chen Lin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Zhengshan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Pasadena, CA 91016
| | - Lauren Mack
- Nomis Foundation Laboratories for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Ruishu Deng
- Sanford Burnham Preybs Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Xianping Shi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Ling-Wa Chong
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Han Cho
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jianjun Xie
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology, Microarray Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Pasadena, CA 91016
| | - Annette R Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Serhan Alkan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Jonathan W Said
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ye Zheng
- Nomis Foundation Laboratories for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
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Yung S, Yap DYH, Chan TM. Recent advances in the understanding of renal inflammation and fibrosis in lupus nephritis. F1000Res 2017; 6:874. [PMID: 28663794 PMCID: PMC5473406 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10445.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is a potentially reversible cause of severe acute kidney injury and is an important cause of end-stage renal failure in Asians and patients of African or Hispanic descent. It is characterized by aberrant exaggerated innate and adaptive immune responses, autoantibody production and their deposition in the kidney parenchyma, triggering complement activation, activation and proliferation of resident renal cells, and expression of pro-inflammatory and chemotactic molecules leading to the influx of inflammatory cells, all of which culminate in destruction of normal nephrons and their replacement by fibrous tissue. Anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody level correlates with disease activity in most patients. There is evidence that apart from mediating pathogenic processes through the formation of immune complexes, pathogenic anti-dsDNA antibodies can bind to resident renal cells and induce downstream pro-apoptotic, pro-inflammatory, or pro-fibrotic processes or a combination of these. Recent data also highlight the critical role of macrophages in acute and chronic kidney injury. Though clinically effective, current treatments for lupus nephritis encompass non-specific immunosuppression and the anti-inflammatory action of high-dose corticosteroids. The clinical and histological impact of novel biologics targeting pro-inflammatory molecules remains to be investigated. Insight into the underlying mechanisms that induce inflammatory and fibrotic processes in the kidney of lupus nephritis could present opportunities for more specific novel treatment options to improve clinical outcomes while minimizing off-target untoward effects. This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms leading to inflammation and fibrosis of the kidney in lupus nephritis in the context of established standard-of-care and emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Desmond YH Yap
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tak Mao Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Sex-specific effects of LiCl treatment on preservation of renal function and extended life-span in murine models of SLE: perspective on insights into the potential basis for survivorship in NZB/W female mice. Biol Sex Differ 2016; 7:31. [PMID: 27354902 PMCID: PMC4924261 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable research effort has been invested in attempting to understand immune dysregulation leading to autoimmunity and target organ damage. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), patients can develop a systemic disease with a number of organs involved. One of the major target organs is the kidney, but patients vary in the progression of the end-organ targeting of this organ. Some patients develop glomerulonephritis only, while others develop rapidly progressive end organ failure. In murine models of SLE, renal involvement can also occur. Studies performed over the past several years have indicated that treatment with LiCl of females, but not males of the NZB/W model, at an early age during the onset of disease, can prevent development of end-stage renal disease in a significant percentage of the animals. While on Li treatment, up to 80 % of the females can exhibit long-term survival with evidence of mild glomerulonephritis which does not progress to renal failure in spite of on-going autoimmunity. Stopping the treatment led to a reactivation of the disease and renal failure. Li treatment of other murine models of SLE was less effective and decreased survivorship in male BxSB mice, exhibited little effect on male MRL-lpr mice, and only modestly improved survivorship in female MRL-lpr mice. This perspective piece discusses the findings of several related studies which support the concept that protecting target organs such as the kidney, even in the face of continued immune insults and some inflammation, can lead to prolonged survival with retention of organ function. Some possible mechanisms for the effectiveness of Li treatment in this context are also discussed. However, the detailed mechanistic basis for the sex-specific effects of LiCl treatment particularly in the NZB/W model remains to be elucidated. Elucidating such details may provide important clues for development of effective treatment for patients with SLE, ~90 % of which are females.
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10
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Schaper F, van Timmeren MM, Petersen A, Horst G, Bijl M, Limburg PC, Westra J, Heeringa P. Treatment with Anti-HMGB1 Monoclonal Antibody Does Not Affect Lupus Nephritis in MRL/lpr Mice. Mol Med 2016; 22:12-21. [PMID: 26837069 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear DNA binding protein that acts as an alarmin when secreted. HMGB1 is increased in systemic lupus erythematosus and might represent a potential therapeutic target. We investigated whether treatment with an anti-HMGB1 antibody affects the development of lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice. Seven-week-old MRL/lpr mice were injected intraperitoneally twice weekly for 10 wks with 50 μg monoclonal anti-HMGB1 (2G7, mouse IgG2b) (n = 12) or control antibody (n = 11). Control MRL/MPJ mice (n = 10) were left untreated. Every 2 wks, blood was drawn and urine was collected at wk 7, 11 and 17. Mice were sacrificed at 17 wks for complete disease evaluation. Plasma HMGB1 and anti-HMGB1 levels were increased in MRL/lpr mice compared with control MRL/MPJ mice. There were no differences in albuminuria, urine HMGB1 and plasma levels of complement C3, anti-dsDNA and proinflammatory cytokines between untreated and treated mice at any time point. Lupus nephritis of mice treated with anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was classified as class III (n = 3) and class IV (n = 9), while mice treated with control mAb were classified as class II (n = 4), class III (n = 2) and class IV (n = 5). IgG and C3 deposits in kidneys were similar in mice treated with anti-HMGB1 mAb or control mAb. In conclusion, treatment with monoclonal anti-HMGB-1 antibody 2G7 does not affect development of lupus nephritis, disease progression or proinflammatory cytokine levels in MRL/lpr mice. This result indicates that blocking of HMGB1 by this neutralizing antibody does not affect lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Schaper
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjan M van Timmeren
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen Petersen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerda Horst
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Bijl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter C Limburg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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11
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Rojo D, Hevia A, Bargiela R, López P, Cuervo A, González S, Suárez A, Sánchez B, Martínez-Martínez M, Milani C, Ventura M, Barbas C, Moya A, Suárez A, Margolles A, Ferrer M. Ranking the impact of human health disorders on gut metabolism: systemic lupus erythematosus and obesity as study cases. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8310. [PMID: 25655524 PMCID: PMC4319156 DOI: 10.1038/srep08310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors have been shown to alter intestinal microbial diversity. It remains to be seen, however, how multiple collective pressures impact the activity in the gut environment and which, if any, is positioned as a dominant driving factor determining the final metabolic outcomes. Here, we describe the results of a metabolome-wide scan of gut microbiota in 18 subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 17 healthy control subjects and demonstrate a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two groups. Healthy controls could be categorized (p < 0.05) based on their body mass index (BMI), whereas individuals with SLE could not. We discuss the prevalence of SLE compared with BMI as the dominant factor that regulates gastrointestinal microbial metabolism and provide plausible explanatory causes. Our results uncover novel perspectives with clinical relevance for human biology. In particular, we rank the importance of various pathophysiologies for gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rojo
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid
| | - Arancha Hevia
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Patricia López
- Immunology Area, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Adriana Cuervo
- Physiology Area, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Sonia González
- Physiology Area, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Suárez
- Immunology Area, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | | | - Christian Milani
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Probiogenomics, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Probiogenomics, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid
| | - Andrés Moya
- 1] Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y Salud de la Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO) and Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva de la Universitat de València, València, Spain [2] CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Suárez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
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12
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Abstract
Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathways that signal via Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) mediate immunity to pathogens and also promote autoimmune pathology in DNaseII- and DNaseIII-deficient mice. In contrast, we report here that STING potently suppresses inflammation in a model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lymphoid hypertrophy, autoantibody production, serum cytokine levels, and other indicators of immune activation were markedly increased in STING-deficient autoimmune-prone mice compared with STING-sufficient littermates. As a result, STING-deficient autoimmune-prone mice had significantly shorter lifespans than controls. Importantly, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent systemic inflammation during 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD)-mediated peritonitis was similarly aggravated in STING-deficient mice. Mechanistically, STING-deficient macrophages failed to express negative regulators of immune activation and thus were hyperresponsive to TLR ligands, producing abnormally high levels of proinflammatory cytokines. This hyperreactivity corresponds to dramatically elevated numbers of inflammatory macrophages and granulocytes in vivo. Collectively these findings reveal an unexpected negative regulatory role for STING, having important implications for STING-directed therapies.
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13
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Xia Y, Herlitz LC, Gindea S, Wen J, Pawar RD, Misharin A, Perlman H, Wu L, Wu P, Michaelson JS, Burkly LC, Putterman C. Deficiency of fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) preserves the filtration barrier and ameliorates lupus nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:1053-70. [PMID: 25270074 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF ligand superfamily member 12, also known as TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), acts through its receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), to mediate several key pathologic processes involved in tissue injury relating to lupus nephritis. To explore the potential for renal protection in lupus nephritis by targeting this pathway, we introduced the Fn14 null allele into the MRL-lpr/lpr lupus mouse strain. At 26-38 weeks of age, female Fn14-knockout MRL-lpr/lpr mice had significantly lower levels of proteinuria compared with female wild-type MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Furthermore, Fn14-knockout mice had significantly improved renal histopathology accompanied by attenuated glomerular and tubulointerstitial inflammation. There was a significant reduction in glomerular Ig deposition in Fn14-knockout mice, despite no detectable differences in either serum levels of antibodies or splenic immune cell subsets. Notably, we found that the Fn14-knockout mice displayed substantial preservation of podocytes in glomeruli and that TWEAK signaling directly damaged barrier function and increased filtration through podocyte and glomerular endothelial cell monolayers. Our results show that deficiency of the Fn14 receptor significantly improves renal disease in a spontaneous lupus nephritis model through prevention of the direct injurious effects of TWEAK on the filtration barrier and/or modulation of cytokine production by resident kidney cells. Thus, blocking the TWEAK/Fn14 axis may be a novel therapeutic intervention in immune-mediated proliferative GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Xia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Leal C Herlitz
- Department of Pathology, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Simona Gindea
- Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Rahul D Pawar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Alexander Misharin
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Harris Perlman
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Immunology, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Immunology, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Linda C Burkly
- Department of Immunology, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York;
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14
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Bender AT, Wu Y, Cao Q, Ding Y, Oestreicher J, Genest M, Akare S, Ishizaka ST, Mackey MF. Assessment of the translational value of mouse lupus models using clinically relevant biomarkers. Transl Res 2014; 163:515-32. [PMID: 24462761 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lupus is an autoimmune disease with a poorly understood etiology that manifests with a diverse pathology. This heterogeneity has been a challenge to clinical drug development efforts. A related difficulty is the uncertain translational power of animal models used for evaluating potential drug targets and candidate therapeutics, because it is unlikely that any 1 preclinical model will recapitulate the spectrum of human disease. Therefore, multiple models, along with an understanding of the immune mechanisms that drive them, are necessary if we are to use them to identify valid drug targets and evaluate candidate therapies successfully. To this end, we have characterized several different mouse lupus models and report their differences with respect to biomarkers and symptoms that are representative of the human disease. We compared the pristane-induced mouse lupus disease model using 3 different strains (DBA/1, SJL, BALB/c), and the spontaneous NZB x NZW F1(NZB/W) mouse model. We show that the models differ significantly in their autoantibody profiles, disease manifestations such as nephritis and arthritis, and expression of type I interferon-regulated genes. Similar to the NZB/W model, pristane-induced disease in SJL mice manifests with nephritis and proteinuria, whereas the pristane-treated DBA/1 mice develop arthritis and an interferon-driven gene signature that closely resembles that in human patients. The elucidation of each model's strengths and the identification of translatable biomarkers yields insight for basic lupus research and drug development, and should assist in the proper selection of models for evaluating candidate targets and therapeutic strategies.
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15
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Kimura J, Ichii O, Otsuka S, Sasaki H, Hashimoto Y, Kon Y. Close relations between podocyte injuries and membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis in autoimmune murine models. Am J Nephrol 2013; 38:27-38. [PMID: 23817053 DOI: 10.1159/000353093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a major primary cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Podocyte injury is crucial in the pathogenesis of glomerular disease with proteinuria, leading to CKD. To assess podocyte injuries in MPGN, the pathological features of spontaneous murine models were analyzed. METHODS The autoimmune-prone mice strains BXSB/MpJ-Yaa and B6.MRL-(D1Mit202-D1Mit403) were used as the MPGN models, and BXSB/MpJ-Yaa(+) and C57BL/6 were used as the respective controls. In addition to clinical parameters and glomerular histopathology, the protein and mRNA levels of podocyte functional markers were evaluated as indices for podocyte injuries. The relation between MPGN pathology and podocyte injuries was analyzed by statistical correlation. RESULTS Both models developed MPGN with albuminuria and elevated serum anti-double-strand DNA (dsDNA) antibody levels. BXSB/MpJ-Yaa and B6.MRL showed severe proliferative lesions with T and B cell infiltrations and membranous lesions with T cell infiltrations, respectively. Foot process effacement and microvillus-like structure formation were observed ultrastructurally in the podocytes of both MPGN models. Furthermore, both MPGN models showed a decrease in immune-positive areas of nephrin, podocin and synaptopodin in the glomerulus, and in the mRNA expression of Nphs1, Nphs2, Synpo, Actn4, Cd2ap, and Podxl in the isolated glomerulus. Significant negative correlations were detected between serum anti-dsDNA antibody levels and glomerular Nphs1 expression, and between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and glomerular expression of Nphs1, Synpo, Actn4, Cd2ap, or Podxl. CONCLUSION MPGN models clearly developed podocyte injuries characterized by the decreased expression of podocyte functional markers with altered morphology. These data emphasized the importance of regulation of podocyte injuries in MPGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Kimura
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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16
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Ullal AJ, Pisetsky DS. The role of microparticles in the generation of immune complexes in murine lupus. Clin Immunol 2012; 146:1-9. [PMID: 23159786 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by antibodies to nuclear molecules in association with immune complex deposition. As shown previously, microparticles (MPs), which are small membrane-bound vesicles released from dying and activated cells, contain nucleic acids and can form immune complexes found in patient blood. To assess the role of MPs in murine lupus, we used flow cytometry to measure the presence of MPs with bound IgG in the blood of MRL-lpr/lpr and NZB/W mice. These studies showed much higher numbers of MPs with bound IgG in the blood of MRL lpr/lpr compared to NZB/W mice. Furthermore, these studies showed that antibodies from MRL-lpr/lpr mice bound better to MPs from apoptotic cells than those from NZB/W mice. Together, these studies indicate important differences in the serological features of the two strains as reflected by the capacity of antibodies to bind to MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh J Ullal
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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