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Floy ME, Givens SE, Matthys OB, Mateyka TD, Kerr CM, Steinberg AB, Silva AC, Zhang J, Mei Y, Ogle BM, McDevitt TC, Kamp TJ, Palecek SP. Developmental lineage of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac fibroblasts affects their functional phenotype. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21799. [PMID: 34339055 PMCID: PMC8349112 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100523r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs) support heart function by secreting extracellular matrix (ECM) and paracrine factors, respond to stress associated with injury and disease, and therefore are an increasingly important therapeutic target. We describe how developmental lineage of human pluripotent stem cell-derived CFBs, epicardial (EpiC-FB), and second heart field (SHF-FB) impacts transcriptional and functional properties. Both EpiC-FBs and SHF-FBs exhibited CFB transcriptional programs and improved calcium handling in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac tissues. We identified differences including in composition of ECM synthesized, secretion of growth and differentiation factors, and myofibroblast activation potential, with EpiC-FBs exhibiting higher stress-induced activation potential akin to myofibroblasts and SHF-FBs demonstrating higher calcification and mineralization potential. These phenotypic differences suggest that EpiC-FBs have utility in modeling fibrotic diseases while SHF-FBs are a promising source of cells for regenerative therapies. This work directly contrasts regional and developmental specificity of CFBs and informs CFB in vitro model selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E Floy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sophie E Givens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Oriane B Matthys
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkley, CA, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Taylor D Mateyka
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charles M Kerr
- Molecular Cell Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Alexandra B Steinberg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ana C Silva
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ying Mei
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Brenda M Ogle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Ekberg NR, Falhammar H, Näslund E, Brismar K. Predictors of normalized HbA1c after gastric bypass surgery in subjects with abnormal glucose levels, a 2-year follow-up study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15127. [PMID: 32934313 PMCID: PMC7492212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical biomarkers can predict normalization of HbA1c after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, but it is unclear which are the most predictive.The aim of this study was to compare biomarkers for insulin sensitivity and other clinical parameters in the prediction of normalization of HbA1c after RYGB surgery. This study included 99 (23 men) obese subjects (BMI > 35 kg/m2) undergoing a laparoscopic RYGB. Clinical and biochemical examinations were performed pre-operatively and up to 2 years after surgery. Pre-operatively, normal fasting glucose levels were found in 25 individuals (NG), prediabetes in 46 and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in 28. At baseline IGF-I (SD), IGFBP-1 and adiponectin levels were low while leptin was high. Weight loss was observed in all three groups, most in the prediabetes group. After 2 years HbA1c was decreased in prediabetes and T2DM. In all three groups insulin, HOMA-IR, lipids and blood pressure improved, IGFBP-1 and adiponectin increased and leptin decreased. IGF-I (SD) increased only in T2DM. In those with prediabetes or T2DM (n = 74), HbA1c at 2 years correlated to baseline BMI (r = -0.27, p = 0.028), age (r = 0.43, p < 0.001), HbA1c (r = 0.37, p = 0.001) and IGFBP-1 (r = 0.25, p = 0.038), and was normalized in 45/74 (61%) at 1 year and in 36 subjects (49%) at 2 years. These responders were younger, had higher BMI, larger waist circumference, lower HbA1c and lower IGFBP-1 levels at baseline. In a multiple regression model age (negative, p = 0.021) and waist circumference (positive, p = 0.047) were the only predictors for normalized HbA1c. RYGB normalized HbA1c in 49% at two years follow-up, which was predicted by low baseline IGFBP-1 level, a marker of hepatic insulin sensitivty and insulin secretion. However,. younger age and larger waist circumference were the only predictors of normalized HbA1c in multivariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Rajamand Ekberg
- Centrum of Diabetes, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, D02:04, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Falhammar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, D02:04, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Erik Näslund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, D02:04, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhang WB, Aleksic S, Gao T, Weiss EF, Demetriou E, Verghese J, Holtzer R, Barzilai N, Milman S. Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and IGF Binding Proteins Predict All-Cause Mortality and Morbidity in Older Adults. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061368. [PMID: 32492897 PMCID: PMC7349399 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
While the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) pathway plays essential roles in growth and development, diminished signaling via this pathway in model organisms extends lifespan and health-span. In humans, circulating IGF-1 and IGF-binding proteins 3 and 1 (IGFBP-3 and 1), surrogate measures of GH/IGF-1 system activity, have not been consistently associated with morbidity and mortality. In a prospective cohort of independently-living older adults (n = 840, mean age 76.1 ± 6.8 years, 54.5% female, median follow-up 6.9 years), we evaluated the age- and sex-adjusted hazards for all-cause mortality and incident age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and multiple-domain cognitive impairment (MDCI), as predicted by baseline total serum IGF-1, IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-1 levels. All-cause mortality was positively associated with IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05–1.57) and negatively with IGFBP-3 (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.680–0.998). High serum IGF-1 predicted greater risk for MDCI (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.08–2.26) and composite incident morbidity (HR 1.242, 95% CI 1.004–1.538), whereas high IGFBP-1 predicted lower risk for diabetes (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.29–0.88). In conclusion, higher IGF-1 levels and bioavailability predicted mortality and morbidity risk, supporting the hypothesis that diminished GH/IGF-1 signaling may contribute to human longevity and health-span.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (W.B.Z.); (S.A.); (T.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Sandra Aleksic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (W.B.Z.); (S.A.); (T.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Tina Gao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (W.B.Z.); (S.A.); (T.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Erica F. Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (E.F.W.); (J.V.); (R.H.)
| | - Eleni Demetriou
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10033, USA;
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (E.F.W.); (J.V.); (R.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Roee Holtzer
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (E.F.W.); (J.V.); (R.H.)
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10033, USA;
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (W.B.Z.); (S.A.); (T.G.); (N.B.)
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (W.B.Z.); (S.A.); (T.G.); (N.B.)
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence:
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Rossen J, Von Rosen P, Johansson UB, Brismar K, Hagströmer M. Associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with cardiometabolic biomarkers in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a compositional data analysis. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2020; 48:222-228. [PMID: 31663410 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2019.1684811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the associations between objectively measured sedentary behavior (SB), light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiometabolic and endocrine biomarkers, and to estimate the associations of reallocating time from one behavior to another with cardiometabolic and endocrine biomarkers.Methods: Baseline data from participants diagnosed with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, n = 175, 58% men, mean (SD) age = 64.4 (7.7), recruited to a physical activity intervention was used. Time spent in SB, LIPA and MVPA was measured by accelerometer and transformed into isometric log-ratio coordinates. The associations between time spent in SB, LIPA and MVPA and biomarkers were examined by linear regression models. The change in each outcome of reallocating time between the three behaviors was estimated.Results: The findings show strong positive associations of time spent in MVPA and negative associations of time spent in SB relative to time spent in the other behaviors with sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and negative associations of time spent in SB with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Theoretically, reallocation of 19 minutes MVPA to SB or to LIPA was associated with a 17% and 17% larger SAD, 39% and 36% larger HOMA-IR values and 3.3% and 2.3% lower levels of HDL, respectively.Conclusion: In conclusion, our analysis from a time-use perspective supports the current evidence that sedentary time is devastating for the cardiometabolic health. While LIPA probably requires more time, maintaining or increasing time in MVPA are the most important features of the time use behaviors when promoting a favorable cardiometabolic risk profile in adults with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02374788. Registered 2 March 2015 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02374788.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Rossen
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Von Rosen
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Unn-Britt Johansson
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Hagströmer
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Functional Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Krakowsky Y, Conners W, Morgentaler A. Serum Concentrations of Sex Hormone–binding Globulin Vary Widely in Younger and Older Men: Clinical Data from a Men’s Health Practice. Eur Urol Focus 2019; 5:273-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Ritsinger V, Brismar K, Mellbin L, Näsman P, Rydén L, Söderberg S, Norhammar A. Elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 predict outcome after acute myocardial infarction: A long-term follow-up of the glucose tolerance in patients with acute myocardial infarction (GAMI) cohort. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018; 15:387-395. [PMID: 29992830 DOI: 10.1177/1479164118781892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the long-term prognostic value of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS Patients ( n = 180) with admission glucose < 11 mmol/L without previously known diabetes admitted for an acute myocardial infarction in 1998-2000 were followed for mortality and cardiovascular events (first of cardiovascular mortality/acute myocardial infarction/stroke/severe heart failure) until the end of 2011 (median 11.6 years). Fasting levels of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 at day 2 were related to outcome in Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. RESULTS Median age was 64 years, 69% were male and median insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 was 20 µg/L. Total mortality was 34% ( n = 61) and 44% ( n = 80) experienced a cardiovascular event during a median follow-up time of 11.6 years. After age adjustment, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 was associated with all-cause (1.40; 1.02-1.93, p = 0.039) and cancer mortality (2.09; 1.15-3.79, p = 0.015) but not with cardiovascular death ( p = 0.29) or cardiovascular events ( p = 0.57). After adjustments also for previous myocardial infarction, previous heart failure and body mass index, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 was still associated with all-cause mortality (1.38; 1.01-1.89, p = 0.046). CONCLUSION In patients with acute myocardial infarction without previously known diabetes, high insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 was associated with long-term all-cause and cancer mortality but not with cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viveca Ritsinger
- 1 Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- 2 Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- 3 Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Mellbin
- 1 Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Näsman
- 4 Centre for Safety Research, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Rydén
- 1 Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- 5 Division of Cardiology, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Norhammar
- 1 Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- 6 Capio St: Görans Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hagström H, Stål P, Hultcrantz R, Brismar K, Ansurudeen I. IGFBP-1 and IGF-I as markers for advanced fibrosis in NAFLD - a pilot study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:1427-1434. [PMID: 28927302 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2017.1379556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease globally. Advanced fibrosis (stage 3-4) is the most robust marker for future mortality, but diagnosis requires liver biopsy. Current non-invasive scoring systems aimed to identify advanced fibrosis are imperfect. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its binding protein IGFBP-1 are liver derived proteins, that are involved in various liver disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the possible association between advanced fibrosis and IGF-I and IGFBP-1 in NAFLD. METHODS Fasting blood samples were obtained from 52 patients diagnosed with NAFLD by liver biopsy. Total IGF-I and IGFBP-1 concentrations were determined in serum by in-house radio-immuno-assays. IGF-I levels were age-standardized (IGF-SD). A logistic regression model was used to investigate the association of IGF-SD and IGFBP-1 with advanced fibrosis (stage 3-4). RESULTS Patients with advanced fibrosis (stage 3-4 vs. 0-2) had lower IGF-SD (-1.17 vs. 0.11, p = .01) and higher mean levels of IGFBP-1 (29.9 vs. 18.8 µg/l, p = .02). IGFBP-1 was associated with presence of advanced fibrosis (OR 1.04 per unit increase, 95%CI 1.0-1.07, p = .05), while IGF-1 was negatively associated with advanced fibrosis (OR 0.63 per standard deviation, 95%CI 0.44-0.92, p = .02). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study suggests an association between serum IGFBP-1 and IGF-I levels with advanced fibrosis in NAFLD patients. IGFBP1 and IGF-1 could be of interest as future biomarkers. Similar studies in larger cohorts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Hagström
- a Unit of Hepatology , Centre for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Per Stål
- a Unit of Hepatology , Centre for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,c Department of Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Rolf Hultcrantz
- a Unit of Hepatology , Centre for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,c Department of Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- d Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery , Rolf Luft Research Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ishrath Ansurudeen
- d Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery , Rolf Luft Research Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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Toriola AT, Ziegler M, Li Y, Pollak M, Stolzenberg-Solomon R. Prediagnosis Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Pancreatic Cancer Survival. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:3212-3219. [PMID: 28681154 PMCID: PMC8313435 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-5988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediagnosis obesity and diabetes are associated with survival from pancreatic cancer, but the underlying mechanisms have not been characterized. Because both are associated with dysregulation in circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) levels, we evaluated the associations of prediagnosis IGF levels (IGF-I, IGF-II) and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) with pancreatic cancer survival. METHODS Participants were subjects enrolled in the intervention arm of the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial who developed exocrine pancreatic cancer during follow-up (N = 178, 116 men and 67 women). Participants provided blood samples at enrollment, before cancer diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards regression model, adjusted for confounders was used to investigate associations of IGF biomarkers with pancreatic cancer survival. Because of the well-documented, gender-specific differences in circulating IGF biomarkers, and differential associations of IGF biomarkers with mortality, we evaluated associations separately among males and females. RESULTS Median survival was 172 days. Higher IGF-II and IGFBP-3 levels were associated with pancreatic cancer survival among males but not among females. The hazard ratios (HR) of death among men in the highest tertiles of IGF-II and IGFBP-3 compared with men in the lowest tertiles were 0.40 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23-0.71, p < 0.01) and 0.59 (95% CI 0.35-0.97, p = 0.10), respectively. There were no statistically significant associations between IGF-I concentrations, IGF-I/IGFBP-3, and pancreatic cancer survival. CONCLUSIONS Higher prediagnosis circulating IGF-II and IGFBP-3 levels are associated with better pancreatic cancer survival among men but not women. A greater understanding of how IGF signaling is related to pancreatic cancer survival could have utility in improving pancreatic cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adetunji T Toriola
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Mark Ziegler
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Pollak
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Branch of Nutritional Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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Alehagen U, Johansson P, Aaseth J, Alexander J, Brismar K. Increase in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 after supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10. A prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among elderly Swedish citizens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178614. [PMID: 28609475 PMCID: PMC5469470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) has a multitude of effects besides cell growth and metabolism. Reports also indicate anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. The concentrations of IGF-1 decrease with age and during inflammation. As selenium and coenzyme Q10 are involved in both the antioxidative defense and the inflammatory response, the present study aimed to examine the effects of supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 on concentrations of IGF-1 and its binding protein IGFBP-1 in a population showing reduced cardiovascular mortality following such supplementation. Methods 215 elderly individuals were included and given the intervention for four years. A clinical examination was performed and blood samples were taken at the start and after 48 months. Evaluations of IGF-1, the age adjusted IGF-1 SD score and IGFBP-1 were performed using group mean values, and repeated measures of variance. Findings After supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10, applying group mean evaluations, significantly higher IGF-1 and IGF-1 SD scores could be seen in the active treatment group, whereas a decrease in concentration could be seen of the same biomarkers in the placebo group. Applying the repeated measures of variance evaluations, the same significant increase in concentrations of IGF-1 (F = 68; P>0.0001), IGF-1 SD score (F = 29; P<0.0001) and of IGFBP-1 (F = 6.88; P = 0.009) could be seen, indicating the effect of selenium and coenzyme Q10 also on the expression of IGF-1 as one of the mechanistic effects of the intervention. Conclusion Supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 over four years resulted in increased levels of IGF-1 and the postprandial IGFBP-1, and an increase in the age-corrected IGF-1 SD score, compared with placebo. The effects could be part of the mechanistic explanation behind the surprisingly positive clinical effects on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality reported earlier. However, as the effects of IGF-1 are complex, more research on the result of intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10 is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter Johansson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway, and Hedmark University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, and Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Faxén UL, Hage C, Benson L, Zabarovskaja S, Andreasson A, Donal E, Daubert JC, Linde C, Brismar K, Lund LH. HFpEF and HFrEF Display Different Phenotypes as Assessed by IGF-1 and IGFBP-1. J Card Fail 2017; 23:293-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Faxén UL, Hage C, Andreasson A, Donal E, Daubert JC, Linde C, Brismar K, Lund LH. HFpEF and HFrEF exhibit different phenotypes as assessed by leptin and adiponectin. Int J Cardiol 2017; 228:709-716. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Lu J, Liu KC, Schulz N, Karampelias C, Charbord J, Hilding A, Rautio L, Bertolino P, Östenson CG, Brismar K, Andersson O. IGFBP1 increases β-cell regeneration by promoting α- to β-cell transdifferentiation. EMBO J 2016; 35:2026-44. [PMID: 27516442 PMCID: PMC5116948 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in therapeutically harnessing endogenous regenerative mechanisms to increase the number of β cells in people with diabetes. By performing whole‐genome expression profiling of zebrafish islets, we identified 11 secreted proteins that are upregulated during β‐cell regeneration. We then tested the proteins' ability to potentiate β‐cell regeneration in zebrafish at supraphysiological levels. One protein, insulin‐like growth factor (Igf) binding‐protein 1 (Igfbp1), potently promoted β‐cell regeneration by potentiating α‐ to β‐cell transdifferentiation. Using various inhibitors and activators of the Igf pathway, we show that Igfbp1 exerts its regenerative effect, at least partly, by inhibiting Igf signaling. Igfbp1's effect on transdifferentiation appears conserved across species: Treating mouse and human islets with recombinant IGFBP1 in vitro increased the number of cells co‐expressing insulin and glucagon threefold. Moreover, a prospective human study showed that having high IGFBP1 levels reduces the risk of developing type‐2 diabetes by more than 85%. Thus, we identify IGFBP1 as an endogenous promoter of β‐cell regeneration and highlight its clinical importance in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ka-Cheuk Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadja Schulz
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christos Karampelias
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jérémie Charbord
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Hilding
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linn Rautio
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philippe Bertolino
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Manhylova TA, Gafarova NH. Metabolic and hemodynamic effects of the growth hormone system — insulin-like growth factor. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015; 87:128-133. [DOI: 10.17116/terarkh20158712128-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Halldin M, Brismar K, Fahlstadius P, Vikström M, de Faire U, Hellénius ML. The metabolic syndrome and ECG detected left ventricular hypertrophy--influences from IGF-1 and IGF-binding protein-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108872. [PMID: 25461385 PMCID: PMC4251835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and cardiovascular mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate potential influences from insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) on the relationship between the MetS and LVH, also taking into account the role of physical activity (PA), use of oestrogen and gender. Methods and Results In a population-based cross-sectional study of 60-year-old men (n = 1822) and women (n = 2049) participants underwent physical examination and laboratory tests, including electrocardiography (ECG), and completed an extensive questionnaire. Women showed higher levels of IGFBP-1 than men (37.0 vs. 28.0 µg/l, p<0.001), and women with LVH had lower levels of IGFBP-1 than women without LVH (31.0 µg/l vs. 37.0 µg/l, p<0.001). Furthermore, women with low levels of IGFBP-1 had a significantly increased risk of having LVH (crude OR≈2.5). When stratifying for PA and oestrogen, respectively, a weaker association between IGFBP-1 and LVH was demonstrated in physically active men and women, compared to inactive individuals, as well as in women using oestrogen, compared to non-users. Conclusion In a representative sample of 60-year-old Swedish men and women, the main findings were higher levels of IGFBP-1 in women than in men; lower levels of IGFBP-1 in women with LVH, compared to women without LVH; and an increased risk of having LVH in women with low levels of IGFBP-1. The association between IGFBP-1 and LVH was diminished in physically active men and women, as well as in women using oestrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Halldin
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Fahlstadius
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Vikström
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mai-Lis Hellénius
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and the metabolic syndrome in men: an individual participant data meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100409. [PMID: 25019163 PMCID: PMC4096400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low total testosterone (TT) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations have been associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in men, but the reported strength of association varies considerably. Objectives We aimed to investigate whether associations differ across specific subgroups (according to age and body mass index (BMI)) and individual MetS components. Data sources Two previously published meta-analyses including an updated systematic search in PubMed and EMBASE. Study Eligibility Criteria Cross-sectional or prospective observational studies with data on TT and/or SHBG concentrations in combination with MetS in men. Methods We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis of 20 observational studies. Mixed effects models were used to assess cross-sectional and prospective associations of TT, SHBG and free testosterone (FT) with MetS and its individual components. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated and effect modification by age and BMI was studied. Results Men with low concentrations of TT, SHBG or FT were more likely to have prevalent MetS (ORs per quartile decrease were 1.69 (95% CI 1.60-1.77), 1.73 (95% CI 1.62-1.85) and 1.46 (95% CI 1.36-1.57) for TT, SHBG and FT, respectively) and incident MetS (HRs per quartile decrease were 1.25 (95% CI 1.16-1.36), 1.44 (95% 1.30-1.60) and 1.14 (95% 1.01-1.28) for TT, SHBG and FT, respectively). Overall, the magnitude of associations was largest in non-overweight men and varied across individual components: stronger associations were observed with hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal obesity and hyperglycaemia and associations were weakest for hypertension. Conclusions Associations of testosterone and SHBG with MetS vary according to BMI and individual MetS components. These findings provide further insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms linking low testosterone and SHBG concentrations to cardiometabolic risk.
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Proinsulin and IGFBP-1 predicts mortality in an elderly population. Int J Cardiol 2014; 174:260-7. [PMID: 24794551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.03.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High IGFBP-1 in elderly subjects is related to all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality. We studied the relation of IGFBP-1 to cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, and also the impact of proinsulin and insulin on this association in an unselected elderly primary health care population. HYPOTHESIS Our hypothesis was that proinsulin and insulin may have an impact on the association of high IGFBP-1 levels with all-cause and CV-mortality in elderly. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out in a rural Swedish population. 851 persons aged 66-81 years were evaluated by medical history, clinical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and fasting plasma samples, and were followed prospectively for up to 12 years. RESULTS At baseline, in a multivariate analysis, IGFBP-1 was associated with gender, N-terminal proBNP (NT pro-BNP), blood glucose, body mass index (BMI), insulin and proinsulin, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and haemoglobin (Hb). During the follow-up period there were 230 deaths (27%), of which 134 (16%) were due to CV mortality. When divided into tertiles there was a significant difference for CV mortality and all-cause mortality between tertiles of IGFBP-1 and proinsulin. For insulin there was a significant difference only for all-cause mortality. After adjustment for well-known risks factors, proinsulin and IGFBP-1 had significant impact on all-cause mortality but only proinsulin on CV mortality. CONCLUSION Only proinsulin is an independent predictor for both all-cause mortality and CV mortality when comparing IGFBP-1, insulin, and proinsulin as prognostic biomarkers for CV and all-cause mortality in an elderly population.
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Arnetz L, Ekberg NR, Alvarsson M. Sex differences in type 2 diabetes: focus on disease course and outcomes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2014; 7:409-20. [PMID: 25258546 PMCID: PMC4172102 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s51301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are less likely to reach the goals for hemoglobin A1c compared with men, and have higher all-cause mortality. The risk of cardiovascular disease is elevated among both men and women with T2D, however, the risk has declined among men over recent years while it remains stationary in women. Reasons for these sex differences remain unclear, and guidelines for diabetes treatment do not differentiate between sexes. Possible causes for varying outcome include differences in physiology, treatment response, and psychological factors. This review briefly outlines sex differences in hormonal pathophysiology, and thereafter summarizes the literature to date on sex differences in disease course and outcome. METHODS Systematic searches were performed on PubMed using "sex", "gender", and various glucose-lowering therapies as keywords. Earlier reviews are summarized and results from individual studies are reported. Reference lists from studies were used to augment the search. RESULTS There is an increased risk of missing the diagnosis of T2D when screening women with only fasting plasma glucose instead of with an oral glucose tolerance test. The impact of various risk factors for complications may differ by sex. Efficacy and side effects of some glucose-lowering drugs differ between men and women. Men with T2D appear to suffer more microvascular complications, while women have higher morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease and also fare worse psychologically. CONCLUSION Few studies to date have focused on sex differences in T2D. Several questions demand further study, such as whether risk factors and treatment guidelines should be sex-specific. There is a need for clinical trials designed specifically to evaluate sex differences in efficacy and outcome of the available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Arnetz
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neda Rajamand Ekberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Alvarsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: Michael Alvarsson, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, D2:04, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden, Tel +46 8 5177 2862, Fax +46 8 5177 3096, Email
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Norenstedt S, Pernow Y, Brismar K, Sääf M, Ekip A, Granath F, Zedenius J, Nilsson IL. Primary hyperparathyroidism and metabolic risk factors, impact of parathyroidectomy and vitamin D supplementation, and results of a randomized double-blind study. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 169:795-804. [PMID: 24026893 PMCID: PMC3805017 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D insufficiency may increase the risk for cardio metabolic disturbances in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). OBJECTIVE To analyze the vitamin D status and indices of the metabolic syndrome in PHPT patients and the effect of vitamin D supplementation after parathyroid adenomectomy (PTX). DESIGN AND METHODS Double-blinded, randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00982722) performed at Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden, April 2008 to November 2011. One hundred and fifty consecutive patients with PHPT (119 women) were randomized after PTX, 75 to oral treatment with calcium carbonate 1000 mg daily and 75 to calcium carbonate 1000 mg and cholecalciferol 1600 IU daily over 12 months. Changes in metabolic profile and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) were analyzed. Main outcome measures were changes in metabolic factors, BP, and body composition. RESULTS The 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D)-level was <50 nmol/l in 76% of the patients before PTX. After PTX, glucose, insulin, and IGF1 decreased, while the 25-OH-D and the IGF-binding protein 1 increased and remained unchanged at follow-up after study medication. One year of vitamin D supplementation resulted in lower parathyroid hormone (PTH) (40 (34-52) vs 49 (38-66) ng/l) and higher 25-OH-D (76 (65-93) vs 49 (40-62) nmol/l; P<0.05). Other laboratory parameters were stable compared with after PTX. Systolic BP decreased and total bone mineral content increased in both groups. CONCLUSION Except for the lowering of the PTH level, no additive effect of vitamin D supplementation was seen. However, PTX proved effective in reducing insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Norenstedt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Endocrine SurgeryKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- (Correspondence should be addressed to S Norenstedt who is now at Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, P9:03, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; )
| | - Ylva Pernow
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Maria Sääf
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Ayla Ekip
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Jan Zedenius
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Endocrine SurgeryKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Inga-Lena Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Endocrine SurgeryKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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Luo M, Lu X, Zhu R, Zhang Z, Chow CC, Li R, Simons SS. A conserved protein motif is required for full modulatory activity of negative elongation factor subunits NELF-A and NELF-B in modifying glucocorticoid receptor-regulated gene induction properties. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:34055-34072. [PMID: 24097989 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.512426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NELF-B is a BRCA1-interacting protein and subunit (with NELF-A, -C/D, and -E) of the human negative elongation factor (NELF) complex, which participates in RNA polymerase II pausing shortly after transcription initiation, especially for synchronized gene expression. We now report new activities of NELF-B and other NELF complex subunits, which are to attenuate glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated gene induction, reduce the partial agonist activity of an antagonist, and increase the EC50 of an agonist during nonsynchronized expression of exogenous and endogenous reporters. Stable knockdown of endogenous NELF-B has the opposite effects on an exogenous gene. The GR ligand-binding domain suffices for these biological responses. ChIP assays reveal that NELF-B diminishes GR recruitment to promoter regions of two endogenous genes. Using a new competition assay, NELF-A and NELF-B are each shown to act independently as competitive decelerators at two steps after the site of GR action and before or at the site of reporter gene activity. A common motif in each NELF was identified that is required for full activity of both NELF-A and NELF-B. These studies allow us to position the actions of two new modulators of GR-regulated transactivation, NELF-A and NELF-B, relative to other factors in the overall gene induction sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Steroid Hormones Section, NIDDK/Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (LERB), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Xinping Lu
- Steroid Hormones Section, NIDDK/Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (LERB), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Rong Zhu
- Steroid Hormones Section, NIDDK/Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (LERB), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Zhenhuan Zhang
- Steroid Hormones Section, NIDDK/Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (LERB), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Carson C Chow
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Rong Li
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - S Stoney Simons
- Steroid Hormones Section, NIDDK/Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (LERB), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
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Maggio M, Cattabiani C, Lauretani F, Bandinelli S, De Vita F, Dall'Aglio E, Corsonello A, Lattanzio F, Paolisso G, Ferrucci L, Ceda GP. Insulin-like growth factor-1 bioactivity plays a prosurvival role in older participants. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 68:1342-50. [PMID: 23671288 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to address the intriguing issue of the role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 system in longevity looking at the role of different components of IGF system. Vital status was ascertained in 1,197 men and women aged greater than or equal to 65 years from the InCHIANTI study. Hormonal levels were categorized into quartiles, and ratio of IGF-1 to IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 was calculated. The relationship between hormones and mortality was tested by Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, and confounders. During the 8-year follow-up period, 240 died and 957 survived. Lowest quartiles of IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 were considered as reference. Compared with the lowest quartiles, IGF-1 in upper quartiles was a negative predictor of mortality independent of age and sex (p = .01) but not independent of IGFBP-1 and other confounders. IGFBP-1 in second-third quartiles was negatively associated and that in the fourth quartiles was positively associated with risk of death. IGF-1/IGFBP-1 ratio in the lowest quartiles was a strong positive predictor of mortality, in age- and sex-adjusted model (p = .005), and independent of additional confounders (p = .037). High IGFBP-1 and low IGF-1/IGFBP-1 ratio are associated with all-cause mortality in older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Maggio
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the endocrine profile, body composition, and state of mood in male Olympic athletes participating in sports that do or do not emphasize leanness. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Research unit at a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS Forty-four Swedish male Olympic athletes participating in 26 different sport disciplines. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Body composition was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and blood levels of steroid hormones and biomarkers of nutritional status were analyzed. In addition, states of mood were assessed employing the profile of mood states (POMS) test. The athletes were divided into 2 groups on the basis of whether their sporting discipline emphasized leanness or not. RESULTS In all subjects, body composition, hormone levels, and POMS scores were within normal ranges. However, the leanness athletes (n = 18) displayed significantly lower proportion of body fat (P < 0.01), higher spinal bone mineral density (P < 0.05), lower serum levels of free testosterone and leptin (P < 0.05), and higher serum levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (P < 0.05) than nonleanness athletes (n = 26). Leanness athletes also had higher POMS scores for depression and anger, and a higher global POMS score (P < 0.05), the latter being positively correlated to the frequency of illness (r = 0.42, P < 0.01) before the Olympic Games. CONCLUSION Although there were no indications of energy deficiency or endocrine disturbance in the leanness athletes, their higher POMS scores and frequency of illness may indicate the potential harmfulness of their pursuit of outstanding athletic performance.
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Andreasson AN, Undén A, Elofsson S, Brismar K. Leptin and adiponectin: Distribution and associations with cardiovascular risk factors in men and women of the general population. Am J Hum Biol 2012; 24:595-601. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nixon Andreasson
- Center for Family and Community Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna‐Lena Undén
- Center for Family and Community Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stig Elofsson
- Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Increased Urine IgM and IgG(2) Levels, Indicating Decreased Glomerular Size Selectivity, Are Not Affected by Dalteparin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Biochem Res Int 2012; 2012:480529. [PMID: 22400116 PMCID: PMC3287008 DOI: 10.1155/2012/480529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty-four type 2 diabetic patients with neuroischemic foot ulcers were randomised to treatment with 5000 IU of dalteparin, (n = 28),
or physiological saline, (n = 26), once daily until ulcer healing or for a maximum of 6 months. Thirty-three patients had normo-, 15 micro-, and 6 macroalbuminuria. The urinary levels of IgM and IgG2 were elevated in 47 and 50 patients, respectively. Elevated urinary levels of IgM and IgG2 indicate decreased glomerular size selectivity. Urine IgM levels were associated with IGF-1/IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-1 levels. Dalteparin treatment increased urinary levels of glycosaminoglycans (P < 0.001) and serum IGFBP-1 (P < 0.05)
while no significant effects were seen in any of the other studied parameters. In conclusion, dalteparin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes had no effects on urinary levels of albumin, IgM, or IgG2 despite significantly increased glycosaminoglycans in urine. Elevated urinary levels of IgM and IgG2 might be more sensitive markers of renal disease than albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and antihypertensive therapy.
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Gokulakrishnan K, Velmurugan K, Ganesan S, Mohan V. Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in relation to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome (Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study 118). Metabolism 2012; 61:43-6. [PMID: 21741060 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to assess the association of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) with insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Asian Indians. Fifty subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 50 with T2DM were randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 was measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum insulin was estimated using Dako (Glostrup, Denmark) kits. Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment. Subjects with T2DM had significantly decreased levels of IGFBP-1 (21.7 ± 3.5 ng/mL) compared with NGT subjects (34.4 ± 7.6 ng/mL, P < .001). The IGFBP-1 was significantly lower in NGT subjects with IR as measured by the homeostasis model assessment (25.5 ± 6.5 ng/mL) compared with NGT subjects without IR (40.7 ± 9.5 ng/mL, P < .001). On regression analysis, IR showed a significant association with IGFBP-1 even after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and glycated hemoglobin (β = -3.714, P < .001). Type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with IGFBP-1 even after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (β = -12.798, P < .001). The IGFBP-1 levels decreased with increasing number of metabolic abnormalities (P for trend < .001). Logistic regression analysis showed that IGFBP-1 had a strong negative association with MS even after adjusting for age and sex (odds ratio, 0.942; 95% confidence interval, 0.914-0.971; P < .001). Among Asian Indians, lower levels of circulating IGFBP-1 are seen in subjects with IR, T2DM, and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppan Gokulakrishnan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
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Akanji AO, Smith RJ. The insulin-like growth factor system, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease risk. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2011; 10:3-13. [PMID: 22103319 DOI: 10.1089/met.2011.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a combination of metabolic and clinical features that aggregate in individuals and increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk considerably. It is believed, although sometimes controversially, that the underlying basis for this syndrome is insulin resistance (IR) and accompanying compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have significant homology and interact with differing affinity with the same receptors. Therefore, their actions can be complementary, and this becomes particularly significant clinico-pathologically when their circulating levels are altered. This review of currently available information attempts to answer the following questions: (1) Is there any evidence for changes in the components of the IGF system in individuals with established CVD or with increased CVD risk as with the metabolic syndrome? (2) What are the underlying mechanisms for interactions, if any, between insulin and the IGF system, in the genesis of CVD? (3) Can knowledge of the pathophysiological changes in the IGF system observed in macrosomic newborn infants and growth hormone (GH)-treated children and adults explain some of the observations in relation to the IGF system and the metabolic syndrome? (4) Can the experimental and clinical evidence adduced from the foregoing be useful in designing novel therapies for the prevention, treatment, and assignment of prognosis in metabolic syndrome-associated disease, particularly ischemic heart disease? To answer these questions, we have performed a literature review using bibliographies from PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar published within the last 10 years. We suggest that IGF-1 levels are reduced consistently in individuals with the metabolic syndrome and its components and in those with ischemic CVD. Such changes are also seen with GH deficiency in which these changes are partially reversible with GH treatment. Furthermore, changes are seen in levels and interactions of IGF-binding proteins in these disorders, and some of these changes appear to be independent of IGF-binding capability and could potentially impact on risk for the metabolic syndrome and CVD. The promising therapeutic implications of these observations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi O Akanji
- Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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Gläser S, Friedrich N, Ewert R, Schäper C, Krebs A, Dörr M, Völzke H, Felix SB, Nauck M, Wallaschofski H, Koch B. Association of circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations and exercise capacity in healthy volunteers: results of the Study of Health in Pomerania. Growth Horm IGF Res 2010; 20:404-410. [PMID: 20889360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) are central mediators of endocrine effects of growth hormone and there is increasing evidence for an association with muscle strength and exercise capacity. The aim of the present study was to clarify the possible association of circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations and exercise capacity in a general adult population. MATERIALS AND METHODS From the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) 1332 subjects aged 25 to 85 years participated in a standardised symptom limited cardiopulmonary exercise test on a bicycle. Exercise capacity was characterized by oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO₂@AT), peak exercise (peakVO₂), oxygen pulse and maximum power output at peak exertion. Multivariable linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, physical activity and smoking were performed. RESULTS At peak exercise performance, in women IGF-I showed significant associations to peakVO₂ and maximum power output, IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio was associated with maximum power output. In men, this association was not consistently reproducible. Neither IGF-I nor IGFBP-3 did reveal any association to VO₂@AT in both genders. CONCLUSION Serum IGF-I concentrations are associated with peak exercise capacity in healthy women, but not in men over a wide range in ages, body sizes and activity scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Gläser
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Ferdinand-Sauerbruchstrasse, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.
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Ranjzad F, Mahban A, Shemirani AI, Mahmoudi T, Vahedi M, Nikzamir A, Zali MR. Influence of gene variants related to calcium homeostasis on biochemical parameters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2010; 28:225-32. [PMID: 21082232 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-010-9506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor (VDR), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium sensing receptor (CASR), insulin receptor (INSR), and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) genes and biochemical characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol, testosterone, prolactin, SHBG, glucose, IGF-1, IGFBP-1, calcium, phosphorus, PTH, 25(OH)D, and 1,25(OH)(2) D were measured in 56 women with PCOS. Furthermore, genotyping five, one, one, two, and two polymorphisms of the VDR, PTH, CASR, INSR, and ADIPOQ genes, respectively, were performed. RESULTS The VDR TaqI "CC" genotype was associated with elevated serum levels of LH (p = 0.011). There were significant associations between decreased levels of SHBG and both VDR BsmI "GG" (p = 0.009) and ADIPOQ BsmI "CC" (p = 0.016) genotypes. Furthermore, patients with CaSR Hin1I "TG" genotype showed higher HoMA-IR (p = 0.008). All these associations remained significant after Bonferroni correction. In addition, phosphorus correlated negatively with estradiol (r = -0.298, P = 0.026) and positively with glucose (r = 0.287, P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS These data indicated for the first time that it is possible that the VDR and CASR gene variants through their effects on LH and SHBG levels, and insulin resistance are involved in pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Ranjzad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
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Lack of association between insulin-like growth factor-1 or insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 and left ventricular hypertrophy: results of the Study of Health in Pomerania. J Hypertens 2010; 28:856-64. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328336274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tekle M, Gromadzinska J, Joksic G, Antic R, Nilsson R, Dallner G, Undén AL, Brismar K. Plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E in female populations from Poland, Serbia and Sweden. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2010; 36:188-194. [PMID: 20015549 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), life style and nutritional status of a population are important factors that may influence normal serum levels of antioxidants and the insulin-like growth factor system. In this study we examined serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1(IGFBP-1), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) and vitamin E in healthy female populations (n=4 x 100) aged 19-59 years from Poland (PL), Sweden (SE), Serbia I (SR I) and Serbia II (SR II). The last group lived in an environmental emergency area affected by the bombings of 1999 in Serbia. The Polish and SR I cohorts exhibited low IGFSD-score levels, (-2 to +/-0), compared to females from SE with IGFSD-score 0. In the SR II population, the IGFSD range was between -1 and 1. The IGFBP-1 levels of the Polish and SR I groups were lower than in the Swedish population, while the SR II levels showed a broader distribution, 20-80 microg/l. The CoQ values in the Swedish and Polish samples were around 1 nmol/ml. In contrast, the SR I cohorts exhibited higher concentrations, 1.5-3.5 nmol/ml and the SR II group had extremely low levels, <0.5 nmol/ml. The vitamin E concentrations were similar in the Polish and Swedish populations, 20-40 nmol/ml, while it was twice as high, 40-80 nmol/ml in the SR I and very low in the SR II group, which is half of the Polish and Swedish cohorts. These results suggest that different lifestyles and environmental factors affect both the IGF system and the antioxidants CoQ10 and vitamin E in female populations in Europe. The females living in the polluted area had different patterns of both the IGF and antioxidant systems. These findings may explain differences in morbidity and mortality in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tekle
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, The Arrhenius Laboratories, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Arafat AM, Weickert MO, Frystyk J, Spranger J, Schöfl C, Möhlig M, Pfeiffer AFH. The role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-2 in the insulin-mediated decrease in IGF-I bioactivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:5093-101. [PMID: 19846739 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-0875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin interacts with the GH-IGF system by a reciprocal regulation of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) and GH, which in turn regulate insulin sensitivity via bioactive IGF-I. This network is linked to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effect of glucose and insulin on IGFBP-1-4, particularly IGFBP-2, in the regulation of bioactive IGF-I and its relation to insulin resistance. SETTING The study was conducted at an endocrinology center. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-four healthy subjects (12 men; aged 21-72 yr; body mass index 25.9 +/- 0.9 kg/m(2)) and 19 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; eight men; aged 26-71 yr; body mass index 28.9 +/- 1.2 kg/m(2)) were prospectively studied using oral glucose tolerance test and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. RESULTS During the clamp, insulin decreased IGF-I bioactivity in both IGT subjects and controls (-16.2 +/- 2.8 and -13.9 +/- 3.3%, respectively; P < 0.01). In addition, insulin increased IGFBP-2 and GH and decreased IGFBP-1 and -4 but did not alter total IGF-I, IGF-II, or IGFBP-3 levels. During the oral glucose tolerance test, GH and IGFBP-1 were markedly suppressed. Subjects with IGT showed more pronounced insulin resistance and lower GH, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-2 levels (P < 0.05). In multiple regression analysis, IGFBP-2 was an independent predictor of insulin sensitivity (beta = 0.36, P < 0.05) and IGF-I bioactivity (beta = -0.5, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that insulin acutely decreases IGF-I bioactivity through differential modulation of IGFBPs. Furthermore, IGFBP-2 plays a central role in the insulin-IGF system cross talk and is closely linked to insulin resistance, thereby providing a further explanation for its association with the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Arafat
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany.
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Lehtihet M, Jörneskog G, Alvarsson M, Båvenholm P, Katz A, Efendic S, Östenson CG, Kuhl J, Brismar K. Low IGFBP-1 is a marker of impaired skin vascular response to both endothelial and non-endothelial stimulation in healthy males. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Aronsson A, Al-Ani NA, Brismar K, Hedström M. A carbohydrate-rich drink shortly before surgery affected IGF-I bioavailability after a total hip replacement. A double-blind placebo controlled study on 29 patients. Aging Clin Exp Res 2009; 21:97-101. [PMID: 19448380 DOI: 10.1007/bf03325216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In response to surgical stress, the body reacts with a change in metabolism to a catabolic state. This is further aggravated by the fasting state preoperatively. We aimed to determine the effects on catabolism i.e., body composition and IGF-I bioavailability as measured by the serum IGF-I/IGFBP-1 ratio, of a carbohydrate rich drink given shortly before surgery. METHODS Twenty-nine patients scheduled for a total hip replacement (THR) were randomized in a double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study to a carbohydrate-rich drink or to placebo pre-operatively. The nutritional supplementation consisted of an iso-osmolar carbohydrate-rich drink (12.5 g carbohydrates/100 ml, pH 5.0). Fasting blood samples were collected before surgery and repeated after 5 days and after 2 months. IGF-I and IGFBP-1 were determined in serum by RIA. Body composition was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS Compared with placebo we found a relative increase in IGF-I bioavailability post-operatively after a carbohydrate-rich drink given shortly before surgery. There were no significant longterm differences in the changes in fat or lean body mass between groups, but, in a subgroup with late scheduled surgery, there was a tendency to a difference (p=0.08) of fat loss after 2 months, with less fat loss in those who received another carbohydrate drink close to surgery. The pre-operative intake of a 200-200 x 2 ml carbohydrate drink was well tolerated and safe. There were no adverse events such as pulmonary aspiration before, during or after operation. CONCLUSIONS A carbohydrate- rich drink given shortly before surgery increases IGF-I bioavailability post-operatively in patients undergoing a THR, but has no significant effects on body composition after 2 months in physically active people. We suggest that, if the operation is postponed for more than four hours on the same day, an additional carbohydrate drink should be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aronsson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, University of Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden
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Petersson U, Ostgren CJ, Brudin L, Brismar K, Nilsson PM. Low levels of insulin-like growth-factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) are prospectively associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT): the Söderåkra Cardiovascular Risk Factor Study. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2009; 35:198-205. [PMID: 19297224 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 11/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the association between baseline levels of insulin-like growth-factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), a marker of insulin sensitivity, and the development of type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in a specifically defined middle-aged population. METHODS This cross-sectional population-based screening study was conducted in 1989-1990 and included baseline data for 664 non-diabetic subjects aged 40-59 years. Clinical data were collected and blood samples analyzed for blood glucose, serum lipids and insulin. Blood specimens were frozen at baseline and later analyzed for IGF-I, IGFBP-1 and C-reactive protein (CRP). At the follow-up in 2006, the incidence of type 2 diabetes and IGT was reported based on primary-care medical records. RESULTS During the 17-year observation period, 42 subjects (6.3%) developed type 2 diabetes/IGT. Those in the lowest quintile of IGFBP-1 (< or =24 microg/L) at baseline had a diabetes incidence of 12.6% while, in the highest quintile of IGFBP-1 (> or =59 microg/L), the incidence was 1.5%. Cox's proportional-hazards model regression analyses were used to determine the incidence of type 2 diabetes/IGT, corrected for age and gender, in relation to IGFBP-1, CRP and waist circumference. Subjects in the lowest IGFBP-1 quintile showed an independently increased risk of type 2 diabetes/IGT [hazards ratio (HR): 3.54; 95% CI 1.18-10.6; P=0.024]. For CRP and waist circumference, the corresponding figures were HR: 6.81; 95% CI 2.50-18.6; P<0.001 and HR: 3.33; 95% CI 1.47-7.6; P=0.004, respectively. CONCLUSION Low levels of IGFBP-1 predicted the long-term development of type 2 diabetes or IGT in a middle-aged population. The association was independent of CRP and abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Petersson
- Primary Health Care Centre, Kalmar County Council, Kyrkvägen 28, 38551 Söderåkra, Sweden.
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Casazza K, Higgins PB, Fernández JR, Goran MI, Gower BA. Longitudinal analysis of the insulin-like growth factor system in African-American and European American children and adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:4917-23. [PMID: 18782874 PMCID: PMC2626444 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-0999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT IGF-I and its binding proteins influence growth, development, and disease risk. Studies have revealed ethnic variations in the IGF system. OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the ethnic differences in the IGF system exist throughout the pubertal transition, and these differences are mediated at least in part by inherent differences in insulin dynamics. DESIGN This was a longitudinal study. Annual evaluations were conducted for pubertal maturation, body composition, acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), and reproductive-endocrine profile. Hormones and binding proteins were determined using standard assays, the AIRg during a frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test, and body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Mixed model analyses were used to identify and characterize ethnic differences in the IGF system across the pubertal transition after adjusting for ethnicity, sex, age, maturation status, body composition, and reproductive hormones, and to identify the contribution of insulin to IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1. PARTICIPANTS Subjects included African-American (AA) and European American children (n = 162 at baseline) aged 7-16 yr, evaluated across the pubertal transition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Annual data on IGF-I, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-3 were examined. RESULTS IGF-I was higher in AA children at pubertal stage 1 only (P < 0.001). However, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-1 concentrations were lower in AAs through much of puberty (P < 0.05). The lower IGFBP-1 of AAs was in part explained by greater AIRg. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the higher IGF-I and lower IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in AAs as compared with European Americans during puberty suggest potential ethnic differences in circulating bioavailable IGF-I. In addition, higher AIRg in AAs may lead to greater bioavailable IGF-I. Whether these differences in the IGF system account for disparities in disease risk warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Casazza
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, 1675 University Boulevard, Room WEBB 415, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-3360, USA.
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Engvall IL, Elkan AC, Tengstrand B, Cederholm T, Brismar K, Hafstrom I. Cachexia in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with inflammatory activity, physical disability, and low bioavailable insulin-like growth factor. Scand J Rheumatol 2008; 37:321-8. [PMID: 18666027 DOI: 10.1080/03009740802055984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of inflammation, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and its regulating binding protein (IGFBP-1) on lean body mass (LBM) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS In 60 inpatients (50 women), inflammatory activity was measured by Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin (IL)-6, and physical disability by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). LBM was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and fat free mass index (FFMI; kg/m(2)) and fat mass index (FMI; kg/m(2)) were calculated. RESULTS Median age was 65 years and disease duration 13 years. Fifty per cent of the patients had FFMI below the 10th percentile of a reference population and 45% had FMI above the 90th percentile, corresponding to the condition known as rheumatoid cachexia (loss of muscle mass in the presence of stable or increased FM). DAS28, CRP, and IL-6 correlated negatively with LBM (p = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.018, respectively), as did HAQ (p = 0.001). Mean (confidence interval) IGF-1 was in the normal range, at 130 (116-143) microg/L. IGFBP-1 levels were elevated in patients (median 58 microg/L in women and 59 microg/L in men) compared with a normal population (33 microg/L in women and 24 microg/L in men). The ratio IGF-1/IGFBP-1, which reflects bioavailable IGF-1, was low (2.0 microg/L) and was positively correlated with LBM (p = 0.015). In multiple regression analysis, 42% of the LBM variance was explained by IGF-1/IGFBP-1, HAQ score, and DAS28. CONCLUSION A large proportion of RA inpatients, mainly women, had rheumatoid cachexia. The muscle wasting was explained by inflammatory activity and physical disability as well as low bioavailable IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-L Engvall
- Department of Rheumatology, the Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ishibashi E, Eguchi Y, Eguchi T, Matsunobu A, Oza N, Nakashita S, Kitajima Y, Kuroki S, Ozaki I, Kawaguchi Y, Ide Y, Yasutake T, Iwakiri R, Mizuta T, Ono N, Fujimoto K. Waist circumference correlates with hepatic fat accumulation in male Japanese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, but not in females. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23:908-13. [PMID: 18373563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Abdominal obesity, a component of metabolic syndrome, is a major risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In recent worldwide definitions of metabolic syndrome, waist measurement has been proposed as a simple and useful estimate of abdominal obesity, taking into account gender differences in waist circumference. The present cross-sectional study investigated the correlation of hepatic fat accumulation and waist circumference in Japanese NAFLD patients to determine if there are gender differences in this relationship. METHODS Consecutive patients (n = 2111) who had at least one of two criteria for liver disease (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] level >30 IU/mL and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]/ALT ratio <1) underwent abdominal ultrasonography. Patients positive for hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus or autoimmune antibodies and whose alcohol intake was >20 g/day were excluded. Patients with NAFLD underwent abdominal computed tomography. Hepatic fat accumulation was estimated by liver/spleen attenuation ratio (L/S ratio) and visceral adipose accumulation was measured as visceral fat area (VFA) at the umbilical level. RESULTS Of the 221 NAFLD patients, 103 were females. In males, the relationship between L/S ratio and waist circumference was negative (r =-0.356, P < 0.01), and there was no correlation in the female group. The relationship between L/S ratio and VFA was negative in both groups (males: r = -0.269, P < 0.01; females: r = -0.319, P < 0.01). Subcutaneous fat area/total fat area ratio at the umbilical level was larger in females than in males (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In NAFLD patients, waist measurement is more susceptible to gender differences than VFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Ishibashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
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Abstract
This commentary considers the impact of applying IRT to a parent-report measure of ADHD for the purposes of reducing racial disparities in the instrument's performance. It dwells on the difficulties of assessing complex, dynamic conditions such as ADHD and the particular problems presented by cultural variations in how the condition presents itself and informants view the behaviors tied to it.
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Wallander M, Norhammar A, Malmberg K, Ohrvik J, Rydén L, Brismar K. IGF binding protein 1 predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:2343-8. [PMID: 17563335 DOI: 10.2337/dc07-0825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are indications that the IGF system is related to both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We tested the hypothesis that low IGF-I and high IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 predict future cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Diabetes Mellitus Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) 2 Trial recruited 1,253 patients with type 2 diabetes and AMI, of whom 575 were enrolled in a biochemical program with repeated blood sampling. Primary and secondary end points included adjudicated cardiovascular mortality and a composite of cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, reinfarction, or stroke). Multiple Cox proportional hazard regression was used to study the relationship between the end points and the variables. Admission variables were used for the survival analysis and for blood glucose, and A1C updated mean values during follow-up were also available. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 2.2 years, 131 (23%) patients died from all-cause mortality and 102 (18%) from CVD, whereas 175 patients (30%) suffered from at least one cardiovascular event. The independent predictors for cardiovascular death in the Cox regression model were (as hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI]): ln updated mean blood glucose (12.2 [5.8-25.7]), age (+5 years) (1.5 [1.4-1.7]), ln IGFBP-1 (1.4 [1.1-1.8]), and ln serum creatinine at admission (2.4 [1.3-4.2]). The model predicting cardiovascular events contained the same variables (ln IGFBP-1 at admission, 1.2 [1.0-1.4]). CONCLUSIONS High levels of IGFBP-1 at admission are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in type 2 diabetes patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Märit Wallander
- Medicine and Cardiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ibáñez L, Jaramillo A, Enríquez G, Miró E, López-Bermejo A, Dunger D, de Zegher F. Polycystic ovaries after precocious pubarche: relation to prenatal growth. Hum Reprod 2006; 22:395-400. [PMID: 17062583 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1998, we revealed a sequence departing from prenatal growth restraint in girls and evolving, through precocious pubarche (PP) in mid-childhood, towards anovulatory and hyperinsulinaemic hyperandrogenism. The latter condition fulfilled the criteria for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which was then defined independently of the presence of polycystic ovaries (PCOs). Since 2003, the diagnosis of PCOS has been extended by adding PCO as an alternative criterion. We verified longitudinally over 28 +or- 2 years the prevalence of PCO and its potential relationship to growth before birth in a group of post-PP women (n=14, mean age=28 years; body mass index=24.3 kg/m2) belonging to the original cohort of 35 girls in whom the PP-PCOS sequence was described. METHODS Endocrine-metabolic variables, body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and ovarian morphology by transvaginal ultrasonography were assessed in all women. RESULTS Post-PP women with a birthweight (BW) in the lowest quartile, when compared with post-PP women with a higher BW, had smaller ovaries (mean volume=4.0 versus 9.0 ml; P=0.004) and a much lower prevalence of PCO (0 versus 67%; P=0.006). The remaining variables were similar between BW subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The presence of a PCO morphology in women with a PP history was found to relate to prenatal growth. It would be of interest to verify whether a similar relationship exists in anovulatory and/or hyperandrogenic women without PP history.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ibáñez
- Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Flanagan DE, Holt RIG, Owens PC, Cockington RJ, Moore VM, Robinson JS, Godsland IF, Phillips DIW. Gender differences in the insulin-like growth factor axis response to a glucose load. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2006; 187:371-8. [PMID: 16776662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2006.01581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are thought to contribute to glucose homeostasis. The aim of our study was to examine the response of the IGFs and their binding proteins to an intravenous load of glucose in a cohort of young men and women with normal glucose tolerance. METHODS The intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was used to quantify insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in 160 adults aged 20-21 years in Adelaide, Australia. Serum IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 and IGFBP-3 were measured during the IVGTT. RESULTS Women were less insulin sensitive than men with higher fasting insulin (women 55.6 +/- 4.4, men 44.1 +/- 3.6 pmol L(-1), P = 0.001) and first phase insulin secretion (women 3490 +/- 286, men 3038 +/- 271 pmol L(-1) min, P = 0.042). Women showed lower fasting free IGF-I (women 0.29 +/- 0.02, men 0.36 +/- 0.02 mug L(-1), P = 0.004) but higher IGFBP-3 (women 46.3 +/- 0.53, men 43.3 +/- 0.58 mg dL(-1), P = 0.001) and higher IGFBP-1 concentrations (women 37.0 +/- 2.9, men 24.8 +/- 2.3 mug L(-1), P = 0.012). IGFBP-1 fell by 5 min and remained suppressed. IGFBP-3 and total IGF-I fell until 60 min rising again by 2 h. IGF and IGFBP values were all higher in women. IGFBP-1 showed a negative association with fasting and stimulated insulin concentrations in both genders. First phase insulin secretion however showed positive correlations with IGFBP-3 (r = 0.321, P = 0.004) and IGF-I (r = 0.339 P = 0.002) in men but not women. CONCLUSION Our data show that IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3 and IGF-I show acute changes following a glucose load and there are marked gender differences in these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Flanagan
- Department of Endocrinology, Peninsula Medical School, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
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