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Asemi R, Ahmadi Asouri S, Aghadavod E, Jamilian M. The beneficial influences of vitamin D intake on inflammation and oxidative stress in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:5218-5223. [PMID: 39239011 PMCID: PMC11374188 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Oxidative stress and inflammation play a vital function in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and infertility. The aim of this work was to control the impacts of vitamin D intake on metabolic profiles in infertile subjects with PCOS. Trial design and methods This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out among 40 infertile women with PCOS. Subjects were randomly divided into two intervention groups to take either 50 000 IU vitamin D (n=20) or placebo (n=20) weekly for 8 weeks. Metabolic profiles and few inflammatory cytokines expression evaluated on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of participants, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Results Vitamin D intake decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (-0.9±1.1 vs. 0.3±0.9 mg/l, P=0.002) and elevated total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (49.2±60.2 vs. -50.6±161.8 mmol/l, P=0.02) compared with placebo; but no significant effects on other metabolic parameters were observed. Moreover, a significant downregulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression (P=0.03) was observed after taking vitamin D compared with the placebo. Conclusions Overall, vitamin D intake for eight weeks had beneficial impacts on hs-CRP, TAC, and TNF-α among infertile women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Asemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Sahar Ahmadi Asouri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan
| | - Mehri Jamilian
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Department of Gynecology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Piao C, Li J, Liang C, Zhang J, Li X, Zhao Z, Wang K. Effect of vitamin D on pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: retrospective and prospective studies. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 49:103909. [PMID: 38776748 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.103909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Does vitamin D affect the pregnancy rate of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) receiving ovulation-induction therapy? DESIGN The retrospective study included 200 patients with PCOS and 200 healthy women. The prospective study included 160 patients with PCOS receiving vitamin D or placebo supplementation. Pregnancy rates were assessed after a maximum of three cycles of ovulation induction. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxycalciferol [25-(OH)D3], LH, FSH, progesterone, oestradiol, testosterone and fasting insulin; LH/FSH ratio; and body mass index were evaluated. RESULTS In the retrospective study, patients with PCOS had lower 25-(OH)D3 concentrations than healthy women, pregnant patients with PCOS had higher 25-(OH)D3 concentrations than non-pregnant patients with PCOS (both P = 0.000), and the pregnancy rate was lower in the vitamin-D-deficient group compared with the non-vitamin-D-deficient group (P = 0.022). In the prospective study, compared with placebo supplementation, vitamin D supplementation increased the serum concentration of 25-(OH)D3 (P = 0.000), and reduced the LH/FSH ratio, and concentrations of LH and testosterone significantly (all P ≤ 0.049). After the intervention, it was found that the LH/FSH ratio, and concentrations of LH and testosterone were significantly lower in both groups compared with pre-intervention (P = 0.000). After ovulation induction, the pregnancy rate was higher in patients in the vitamin D supplementation group compared with the placebo supplementation group (P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with PCOS, and vitamin-D-deficient patients with PCOS have lower pregnancy rates after ovulation induction compared with non-vitamin-D-deficient patients with PCOS. Vitamin D supplementation can improve the pregnancy rate and mitigate basic hormone disorders. Therefore, monitoring vitamin D supplementation and checking vitamin D concentrations before and during interventions are essential for patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Piao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Remodelling-Related Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Obstetrics, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kefang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Siddiqui MH, Beg A, Dixit R, Verma S, Gunjan G, Agrawal SK. Role of vitamin D and leptin levels in PCOS in young women: A family medicine perspective. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:2612-2615. [PMID: 39070994 PMCID: PMC11272017 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1687_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescent girls and young women of childbearing age are the main populations affected by endocrinopathy known as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). It is especially important to take into account whether clinical and biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism are present in female patients. In maintaining metabolic homeostasis, leptin is crucial. According to research, vitamin D deficiency may play a role in the pathophysiology of PCOS by contributing to insulin resistance, inflammation, dyslipidaemia, and obesity, which are all conditions linked to the syndrome. In this study, leptin and vitamin D3 levels will be measured in order to determine how each relates to the aetiology of PCOS. Materials and Methods Hundred young women were allocated into two groups, 50 women with PCOS (diagnosed on the basis of revised Rotterdam criteria for PCOS), taken as a study group, and 50 healthy women with no PCOS as control group. Blood samples were collected and tested for hormonal parameters. Results Between the two groups, there were no appreciable variations in demographic traits. Study groups were found to have considerably higher serum leptin levels than control groups. The study group's vitamin D3 levels were found to be lower than those of the control group. Conclusion Patients with PCOS are a special population with distinctive hormonal profiles that differ from typical profiles in healthy populations. Comparing PCOS to healthy individuals, leptin levels were higher while vitamin D3 levels were lower. It is necessary to conduct more extensive research on the involvement of leptin and vitamin D3 in the aetiology of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aisha Beg
- Department of Biochemistry, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritvija Dixit
- Department of Physiology, Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Shailza Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagaland Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kohima, Nagaland
| | - Gagan Gunjan
- Department General Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Rissetti G, Piovezan JM, Premaor MO, Comim FV. Contrasting bone profiles in PCOS are related to BMI: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae325. [PMID: 38739756 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Controversial results have emerged regarding whether PCOS is protective or increases the risk of bone frailty. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether the PCOS condition affects bone parameters of premenopausal women. This is an update for a previous meta-analysis published in 2019. DATA SOURCES We searched MEDLINE and Embase. STUDY SELECTION Studies were considered eligible for the update if published in English between the 1st of October 2018 and the 31st of December 2023. The diagnosis of PCOS should be based on NIH criteria, the Rotterdam Consensus, AE-PCOS society criteria, or ICD codes in women over 18 years old. Only records with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale > 6 were selected for data extraction. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. DATA SYNTHESIS We identified 31 studies that met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis from 3322 studies in the whole period (1990-2023). Overall, cross-sectional studies included 1822 individuals with PCOS and 1374 controls, while cohort studies incorporated 30305 women with PCOS and 101907 controls. Contrasting profiles emerged after stratification using a BMI cutoff of 27 kg/m2. Individuals with PCOS and a BMI <27 kg/m2 exhibited lower vertebral and non-vertebral bone density, reduced bone turnover marker (osteocalcin), and increased bone resorption marker (CTX) levels. Conversely, individuals with PCOS and a BMI >27 kg/m2 exhibited increased vertebral and non-vertebral BMD, with no significant changes in bone formation and resorption markers (except osteocalcin). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study alert for a low bone mass, low bone formation, and increased bone resorption PCOS with a BMI <27 kg/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Rissetti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Mottecy Piovezan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa Orlandin Premaor
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabio Vasconcellos Comim
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Grzesiak M, Herian M, Kamińska K, Ajersch P. Insight into vitamin D 3 action within the ovary-Basic and clinical aspects. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 142:99-130. [PMID: 39059995 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble secosteroid predominantly synthesized in the skin or delivered with a diet. Nevertheless, recently it is considered more as a hormone than a vitamin due to its pleiotropic function within the organism ensured by widely distributed vitamin D receptors and metabolic enzymes. Besides the main role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, vitamin D3 was shown to regulate many cellular and metabolic processes in normal and cancerous tissues within the immune system, the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system and the endocrine system. The ovary is an important extraskeletal tissue of vitamin D3 action and local metabolism, indicating its role in the regulation of ovarian functions upon physiological and pathological conditions. This chapter reviews firstly the updated information about vitamin D3 metabolism and triggered intracellular pathways. Furthermore, the basic information about ovarian physiology and several aspects of vitamin D3 effects within the ovary are presented. Finally, the special attention is paid into possible mechanism of vitamin D3 action within ovarian pathologies such as premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome, and ovarian cancer, considering its clinical application as alternative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Grzesiak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | | | - Kinga Kamińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paula Ajersch
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Akinola LA, Inyangudo GN, Ottun AT, Olumodeji AM, Adewunmi AA, Olalere FH, Omololu OM, Ogungbemile BD. Exploring Serum Vitamin D, Sex Hormones, and Lipid Profile Disparities in Women With and Without Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Case-Control Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e60975. [PMID: 38800769 PMCID: PMC11120010 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by dyslipidemia, hormonal imbalances, and metabolic dysfunctions. Vitamin D deficiency may be implicated in the pathogenesis of PCOS, potentially exacerbating its metabolic syndrome. However, the exact interplay between these factors remains underexplored. Aim This study aimed to evaluate serum levels of vitamin D and its association with modalities of PCOS among women with PCOS and healthy controls. Methods This was a hospital-based case-control study where 60 women newly diagnosed with PCOS and 56 non-PCOS controls were consecutively recruited within a 10-month period. The women aged 20-40 were recruited at the gynecology clinics of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital and Lagos Island Maternity Hospital. PCOS was diagnosed using the Rotterdam's criteria. The biodata, anthropometry, clinical features, serum vitamin D, cortisol, progesterone, testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels of PCOS-diagnosed women were assessed and compared with those of women without PCOS. The exclusion criteria comprised known diabetics, women with gynecological pathologies such as fibroids, and women on medications affecting the study analytes or hormones. Statistical analyses included chi-square or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables, student t-test for continuous variables, and Pearson's correlation for assessing relationships between continuous variables. The significance level was set at p<0.05 and a confidence interval of 95%. Results Individuals with PCOS exhibited a younger mean age (26.90±3.73 versus 29.95±5.00 years, p=0.001) and a higher prevalence of irregular menstrual patterns (46.7% versus 14.3%, p=0.0001) and acne (58.3% versus 37.5%, p=0.025). Moreover, PCOS was associated with elevated levels of TC (p = 0.03), TG (p = 0.03), LDL-C (p = 0.014), FBG (p = 0.001), LH:FSH ratio (p = 0.002), AMH (p = 0.0001), and testosterone (p = 0.003), but low progesterone (p = 0.001) and vitamin D (p = 0.033), alongside a higher incidence of vitamin D deficiency (33.3% versus 26.1%) and insufficiency (66.7% versus 56.5%). Additionally, significant but weak correlations were observed between serum vitamin D levels and waist-hip ratio (r = 0.4, p = 0.016) and FBG (r = -0.4, p = 0.036) in the PCOS group, suggesting potential metabolic implications. Conclusion The PCOS subjects in this study had decreased vitamin D and progesterone levels, with elevated concentrations of testosterone, AMH, lipid profile (TC, LDL, and TG), FBG, and LH:FSH ratio. Studies on the therapeutic effect of vitamin D administration in managing PCOS will need to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lateef A Akinola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medison Specialist Women's Hospital, Lagos, NGA
| | | | - Abimbola T Ottun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, NGA
| | - Ayokunle M Olumodeji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, NGA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, NGA
| | - Adeniyi A Adewunmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, NGA
| | - Folasade H Olalere
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, NGA
| | - Olufemi M Omololu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos Island Maternity Hospital, Lagos, NGA
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Mavar M, Sorić T, Bagarić E, Sarić A, Matek Sarić M. The Power of Vitamin D: Is the Future in Precision Nutrition through Personalized Supplementation Plans? Nutrients 2024; 16:1176. [PMID: 38674867 PMCID: PMC11054101 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, vitamin D has undeniably been one of the most studied nutrients. Despite our ability to produce vitamin D through sunlight exposure, its presence in several natural food sources and fortified foods, and its widespread availability as a dietary supplement, vitamin D deficiency is a serious public health problem, affecting nearly 50% of the global population. Low serum levels of vitamin D are being associated with increased susceptibility to numerous health conditions, including respiratory infections, mental health, autoimmune diseases, and different cancer types. Although the association between vitamin D status and health is well-established, the exact beneficial effects of vitamin D are still inconclusive and indefinite, especially when considering the prevention and treatment of different health conditions and the determination of an appropriate dosage to exert those beneficial effects in various population groups. Therefore, further research is needed. With constant improvements in our understanding of individual variations in vitamin D metabolism and requirements, in the future, precision nutrition and personalized supplementation plans could prove beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Mavar
- Psychiatric Hospital Ugljan, Otočkih Dragovoljaca 42, 23275 Ugljan, Croatia;
| | - Tamara Sorić
- Psychiatric Hospital Ugljan, Otočkih Dragovoljaca 42, 23275 Ugljan, Croatia;
| | - Ena Bagarić
- Almagea Ltd., Ulica Julija Knifera 4, 10020 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ana Sarić
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marijana Matek Sarić
- Department of Health Studies, University of Zadar, Splitska 1, 23000 Zadar, Croatia;
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Ashraf A, Singh R, Ganai BA, Mir S. Hypermethylation and down-regulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) as contributing factors for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a case-control study from Kashmir, North India. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:1091-1100. [PMID: 38227018 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevailing endocrinopathy affecting a significant population of women of reproductive age across the globe. A myriad set of complex intertwined factors ranging from etiological, genetic, and epigenetic reasons cause this disorder. Out of the different factors, vitamin D shows an imperative aspect in health and fertility of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The importance of vitamin D is facilitated by vitamin D receptor (VDR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor in the steroid/ thyroid hormone receptor superfamily that controls the pleiotropic biological properties of vitamin D. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of promoter methylation of the VDR gene, a transcription factor with numerous biological utilities, with its relative expression and clinico-pathological findings and outcomes. METHODOLOGY A total of 200 blood samples were collected, 100 from PCOS case subjects, and 100 from the normal healthy controls respectively, which were assessed by qRT-PCR for determining the expression summary. MS-PCR technique was used for analyzing the promoter methylation status of the VDR gene. Blood samples were withdrawn, respectively, for each case and the control study separately experimented for different stages for the given study, of which estimation of vitamin D was also a part. RESULTS In this test-versus-control study, first, the promoter methylation status of VDR gene was identified which was found more prominent i.e., hyper-methylation of the VDR gene was identified in 84 cases (84%), and in the normal healthy controls, it was found (62%). The promoter methylation status of the VDR gene has remarkably shown the results with a significant difference (p value < 0.0001*). Second, the expression analysis of VDR gene was found to be strongly downregulated in majority (64%) of PCOS case samples analyzed by means fold change of 0.8743 (± 0.06466) (p value 0.0054**). This result is, therefore, indicative of VDR gene role in PCOS pathogenesis as the said gene is downregulated. Moreover, compared to the vitamin D parameter, hyper-methylation and expression analysis of the VDR promoter gene were found to correspond to some associations with PCOS. Certain case-and-control study analyses showed that patients with normal vitamin D levels showed less indicative effects of PCOS and vice versa. CONCLUSION Our study, being exclusive from Kashmir, one of the foremost specified that VDR confirms anomalous methylation configuration in PCOS with subsequent downregulation in the gene expression i.e., there is an inverse correlation among VDR gene expression (downregulated) and methylation status (hyper-methylated) from the conclusion of our PCOS case-versus-control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahila Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula Amroha, UP, 244236, India.
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India.
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula Amroha, UP, 244236, India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Shahnawaz Mir
- Department of Endocrinology, Government Medical College, Super Speciality Hospital, Srinagar, J&K, India
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Jiang H, Han TL, Yang J, Yang Y, Wang F, Chen Y, Huang N, Mansell T, Craig JM, Scurrah KJ, Novakovic B, Baker PN, Zhang H, Wei Y, Wang L, Saffery R. Evidence for ethnicity and location as regulators of the newborn blood metabolome: a monozygous twin study. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1259777. [PMID: 38239842 PMCID: PMC10794553 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1259777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Monochorionic, diamniotic (MCDA) monozygotic twins share nearly all genetic variation and a common placenta in utero. Despite this, MCDA twins are often discordant for a range of common phenotypes, including early growth and birth weight. As such, MCDA twins represent a unique model to explore variation in early growth attributable primarily to in utero environmental factors. Methods MCDA twins with a range of within-pair birth weight discordance were sampled from the peri/postnatal epigenetic twin study (PETS, Melbourne; n = 26 pairs), Beijing twin study (BTS, Beijing; n = 25), and the Chongqing longitudinal twin study (LoTiS, Chongqing; n = 22). All PETS participants were of European-Australian ancestry, while all Chinese participants had Han ancestry. The average of the birth weight difference between the larger and smaller co-twins for all twin pairs was determined and metabolomic profiles of amino acids, TCA cycle intermediates, fatty acids, organic acids, and their derivatives generated from cord blood plasma by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry. Within and between co-twin pair analyses were performed to identify metabolites specifically associated with discordance in birth weight. Multivariable regression and pathway enrichment analyses between different regions were performed to evaluate the geographical effects on the metabolism of MCDA twin pairs. Results PETS twins showed a markedly different metabolic profile at birth compared to the two Chinese samples. Within-pair analysis revealed an association of glutathione, creatinine, and levulinic acid with birth weight discordance. Caffeine, phenylalanine, and several saturated fatty acid levels were uniquely elevated in PETS twins and were associated with maternal BMI and average within pair birth weight, in addition to birth weight discordance. LoTiS twins had higher levels of glutathione, tyrosine, and gamma-linolenic acid relative to PETS and BTS twins, potentially associated with eating habits. Conclusion This study highlights the potential role of underlying genetic variation (shared by MZ twins), in utero (non-shared by MZ twins) and location-specific (shared by MZ twins) environmental factors, in regulating the cord blood metabolome of uncomplicated MCDA twins. Future research is needed to unravel these complex relationships that may play a key role in phenotypic metabolic alterations of twins independent of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Jiang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Mass Spectrometry Centre of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Life Science Institution, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengdi Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuelu Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nana Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Toby Mansell
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M. Craig
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina J. Scurrah
- Twins Research Australia and Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip N. Baker
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lianlian Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Standeven LR, Ho A, Hantsoo L. Bridging the Gap: Integrating Awareness of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Into Mental Health Practice. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2024; 22:53-62. [PMID: 38694159 PMCID: PMC11058927 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20230024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Individuals with PCOS report reduced quality of life compared with those without PCOS, with possible contributing factors including infertility, hirsutism, irregular menses, and weight gain. Recent literature also supports increased associations between PCOS and co-occurring psychiatric conditions, particularly depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and eating disorders. It is concerning that a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation has been observed in individuals with PCOS. Given the high rates of psychiatric burden among those with PCOS, psychiatric care providers are well suited to be on the front lines of screening for psychiatric symptoms as well as initiating treatment. Current interventions include lifestyle changes (improving exercise and nutrition), pharmacological treatments (e.g., insulin-sensitizing agents, oral contraceptives, and psychotropic drugs), and psychotherapeutic interventions (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based therapy). This review provides an overview of recent research on the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric conditions, a foundation in PCOS-specific symptom screening and diagnosis, and an overview of treatments for psychiatric symptoms among individuals with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Standeven
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Annie Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Liisa Hantsoo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
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11
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Jeon GH. The Associations of Vitamin D with Ovarian Reserve Markers and Depression: A Narrative Literature Review. Nutrients 2023; 16:96. [PMID: 38201927 PMCID: PMC10780911 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the identification of vitamin D receptors in both the female reproductive tract and the central nervous system, further data have shown that vitamin D is involved in the processes of reproductive and mental health. This paper reviews current research on the associations of vitamin D with ovarian reserve markers and depression and discusses the potential role of vitamin D in their relationships. There have been numerous studies reporting that vitamin D was significantly related to ovarian reserve markers and depression in basic or clinical research, but some observational and interventional clinical studies have shown inconsistent results. Nevertheless, recent meta-analyses of interventional studies have provided promising results showing that vitamin D supplementation significantly improves ovarian reserve metrics, especially in a subgroup of women with normal or diminished ovarian reserve, and decreases depressive symptoms and risk. The demonstration of an association of vitamin D with both ovarian reserve and depression could suggest that vitamin D may be another important key in explaining female reproductive depression. Larger-scale studies in standardized settings will be needed in order to gain further insight into the role of vitamin D in female reproduction and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyun-Ho Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea
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12
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Akkurt Kocaeli A. Altered Vitamin D Status and Bone Mineral Density in Obese and Non-obese Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study in Turkey. Cureus 2023; 15:e50464. [PMID: 38222239 PMCID: PMC10786329 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinological disease in women of reproductive age. In addition to providing the basis for comorbidities such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, it also affects bone metabolism. This study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between bone mineral density (BMD), vitamin D status, insulin resistance, sex hormones, and calcium metabolism disorders in women with PCOS. Methodology Fifty-six non-obese women with PCOS, 67 obese women with PCOS, and 45 normal weight controls participated in the study. Circulating levels of gonadotropins, estradiol, prolactin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, total testosterone, thyroid stimulating hormone, sex hormone-binding globulin, insulin, glucose, and calcium metabolism parameters were assessed. We used the Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance Index to detect insulin resistance. BMD values in the various body regions were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Results Women with PCOS had significantly lower vitamin D values and lumbar spine BMD than controls (p <0.001 and p <0.05, respectively). Among the patients with PCOS subgroups, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was more frequent in obese PCOS patients (67.1%) than in non-obese patients (58.9%). We found significantly lower BMD at all sites only in the subgroup of the non-obese PCOS women than in controls (p <0.001). Conclusions VDD is prevalent in PCOS women in those with obesity and hyperandrogenemia. Non-obese PCOS women have significantly lower BMD measurements than healthy controls, but obese PCOS women have BMD values comparable with normal-weight eumenorrheic controls. Body mass index is the most important factor determining BMD in women with PCOS.
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13
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Huang J, Xiao X, Zhang L, Gao S, Wang X, Yang J. The effect of serum calcium on the association of depression with infertility among U.S. women. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22220. [PMID: 38045116 PMCID: PMC10692812 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explored the association between depressive symptoms and infertility among U.S. women, and the effect of serum calcium on this association. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2018), relating to women aged 20-45 years. Depressive symptoms were determined using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9 scores ≥10), and interview data were used to identify self-reported infertility. Of 2708 women (mean age: 32.7 ± 7.5 years), 274 were depressed and 12.0 % self-reported being "ever-infertile." Depressive symptoms were associated with infertility in multivariable logistic regression (OR, 1.62; 95 % CI, 1.11-2.38). Depressive symptoms were associated with infertility among participants who were obese (OR, 1.68; 95 % CI, 1.03-2.74), had not received psychological counseling (OR, 1.60; 95 % CI, 1.03-2.50), were antidepressant users (OR 3.22; 95 % CI, 1.15-9.00), and had high serum calcium levels (OR, 2.05; 95 % CI, 1.25-3.35). A significant interaction between serum calcium and depression was observed for infertility (P = .038, interaction likelihood ratio test). In sensitivity analyses, the association between depressive symptoms and infertility remained after excluding women aged ≥35 years (OR, 1.87; 95 % CI, 1.08-3.23), lowering the cut-off for PHQ-9 scores (≥5) (OR, 1.48; 95 % CI, 1.12-1.96), excluding women with some gynecological diseases (OR, 1.63; 95 % CI, 1.07-2.49), and using inverse probability of treatment weighting (OR, 1.64; 95 % CI, 1.17-2.31). Conclusion Our findings indicate that depression is associated with infertility among U.S. women and serum calcium may have an effect on the association. Interventions such as serum calcium reduction, weight management and psychosocial counseling for infertility treatment in individuals with depression may be integrated into routine clinical practice. Additionally, more caution could be exercised when using antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Disease-Related Gene, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710061, China
- Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Disease-Related Gene, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Linyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Disease-Related Gene, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shanfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Disease-Related Gene, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Disease-Related Gene, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Disease-Related Gene, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710061, China
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14
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Alinia T, Sabour S, Hashemipour M, Hovsepian S, Pour HR, Jahanfar S. Relationship between vitamin D levels and age of menopause and reproductive lifespan: Analysis based on the National health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2001-2018. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 289:183-189. [PMID: 37690281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the association between serum vitamin D levels and age at menopause and reproductive lifespan in a group of US postmenopausal women. STUDY DESIGN Data from 6,326 postmenopausal US women in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database 2001-2018 were obtained. Weighted multinomial logistic regression models were used to obtain odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical analyzes were performed using SAS (version 9.4; SAS Institute), and complex survey designs were considered. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency was associated with a higher likelihood of early menopause (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.58; p = 0.008) and lower odds of late menopause (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.95) in the unadjusted model but not in the adjusted model. Lower vitamin D levels were associated with a higher risk of a shorter reproductive lifespan. The strongest association was seen in the first tertile of vitamin D deficiency (OR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1:29-1:83). After adjustment, the associations were somewhat weakened but remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy might be associated with earlier age at menopause. It may also reduce the reproductive lifespan in women. Given the cross-sectional nature of the NHANES dataset, these results should be interpreted with caution due to temporality bias. Menopausal age is a multifactorial phenomenon, and the identification of factors and their interactions should be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Alinia
- Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Siamak Sabour
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Mahin Hashemipour
- Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Silva Hovsepian
- Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Homeyra Rais Pour
- Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shayesteh Jahanfar
- Tufts School of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Boston, USA
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15
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Nagy D, Hricisák L, Walford GP, Lékai Á, Karácsony G, Várbíró S, Ungvári Z, Benyó Z, Pál É. Disruption of Vitamin D Signaling Impairs Adaptation of Cerebrocortical Microcirculation to Carotid Artery Occlusion in Hyperandrogenic Female Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3869. [PMID: 37764653 PMCID: PMC10534509 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related cerebrovascular diseases, including ischemic stroke. Sex hormonal status may also influence the prevalence of these disorders, indicated by a heightened vulnerability among postmenopausal and hyperandrogenic women. To investigate the potential interaction between sex steroids and disrupted vitamin D signaling in the cerebral microcirculation, we examined the cerebrovascular adaptation to unilateral carotid artery occlusion (CAO) in intact, ovariectomized, and hyperandrogenic female mice with normal or functionally inactive vitamin D receptor (VDR). We also analyzed the morphology of leptomeningeal anastomoses, which play a significant role in the compensation. Ablation of VDR by itself did not impact the cerebrocortical adaptation to CAO despite the reduced number of pial collaterals. While ovariectomy did not undermine compensatory mechanisms following CAO, androgen excess combined with VDR inactivity resulted in prolonged hypoperfusion in the cerebral cortex ipsilateral to the occlusion. These findings suggest that the cerebrovascular consequences of disrupted VDR signaling are less pronounced in females, providing a level of protection even after ovariectomy. Conversely, even short-term androgen excess with lacking VDR signaling may lead to unfavorable outcomes of ischemic stroke, highlighting the complex interplay between sex steroids and vitamin D in terms of cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Nagy
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.P.W.); (Á.L.); (G.K.); (Z.B.)
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hricisák
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.P.W.); (Á.L.); (G.K.); (Z.B.)
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Guillaume Peter Walford
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.P.W.); (Á.L.); (G.K.); (Z.B.)
| | - Ágnes Lékai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.P.W.); (Á.L.); (G.K.); (Z.B.)
| | - Gábor Karácsony
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.P.W.); (Á.L.); (G.K.); (Z.B.)
| | - Szabolcs Várbíró
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Workgroup for Science Management, Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Ungvári
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.P.W.); (Á.L.); (G.K.); (Z.B.)
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Pál
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.P.W.); (Á.L.); (G.K.); (Z.B.)
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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16
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Ahmed A, Saleem MA, Saeed F, Afzaal M, Imran A, Akram S, Hussain M, Khan A, Al Jbawi E. A comprehensive review on the impact of calcium and vitamin D insufficiency and allied metabolic disorders in females. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5004-5027. [PMID: 37701195 PMCID: PMC10494632 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is imperative in maintaining a quality life, particularly during later ages. Its deficiency results in a wide range of metabolic disorders such as dental changes, cataracts, alterations in brain function, and osteoporosis. These deficiencies are more pronounced in females due to increased calcium turnover throughout their life cycle, especially during pregnancy and lactation. Vitamin D perform a central role in the metabolism of calcium. Recent scientific interventions have linked calcium with an array of metabolic disorders in females including hypertension, obesity, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), multiple sclerosis, and breast cancer. This review encompasses these female metabolic disorders with special reference to calcium and vitamin D deficiency. This review article aims to present and elaborate on available data regarding the worldwide occurrence of insufficient calcium consumption in females and allied health risks, to provide a basis for formulating strategies and population-level scientific studies to adequately boost calcium intake and position where required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais Saleem
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
- Department of Human Nutrition and DieteticsMirpur University of Science and TechnologyMirpurPakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Sidra Akram
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aqsa Khan
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
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17
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Polat B, Okur DT, Çolak A, Yilmaz K, Özkaraca M, Çomakli S. The effects of low-level laser therapy on polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats: three different dosages. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:177. [PMID: 37544939 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this in vivo study was to investigate the effect of different low-level laser therapy (LLLT) doses on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In the present experimental study, a single dosage of estradiol valerate (EV) was administered to induce PCOS in female rats. After administration of the EV for induction of PCOS, rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 8/group): C group (animals that were not exposed to any form of procedure), PC group (no treatment following EV induction), L1 group (1 J/cm2 LLLT treatment following EV induction), L2 group (2 J/cm2 LLLT treatment following EV induction), L3 group (6 J/cm2 LLLT treatment following EV induction). The results indicated that no significant difference was found in the serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and progesterone (P4) between the C and L2 groups (p < 0.05). Although the serum levels of testosterone (T) were significantly higher in the C group compared with other groups (p < 0.05), the L2 group was determined to be the closest to the C group. Additionally, the LH, FSH, and T receptor level of the L2 group was closest to the C group. In conclusion, a 2 J/cm2 dosage of LLLT (L2 group) can be considered the most potentially effective treatment of PCOS in the rat. However, more studies are needed to determine the optimal dose of LLLT for the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Polat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- BIL-TEC, TEKNOKENT, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Damla Tuğçe Okur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Armağan Çolak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Kader Yilmaz
- Celal Oruç Animal Production School, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özkaraca
- Department of Pathology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Selim Çomakli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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18
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Kaltsas A, Zikopoulos A, Moustakli E, Zachariou A, Tsirka G, Tsiampali C, Palapela N, Sofikitis N, Dimitriadis F. The Silent Threat to Women's Fertility: Uncovering the Devastating Effects of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1490. [PMID: 37627485 PMCID: PMC10451552 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS), which arises through an imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, plays a key role in the pathophysiology of female infertility, with the latter constituting just one of a number of diseases linked to OS as a potential cause. The aim of the present article is to review the literature regarding the association between OS and female infertility. Among the reproductive diseases considered are endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), while environmental pollutants, lifestyle variables, and underlying medical conditions possibly resulting in OS are additionally examined. Current evidence points to OS likely contributing to the pathophysiology of the above reproductive disorders, with the amount of damage done by OS being influenced by such variables as duration and severity of exposure and the individual's age and genetic predisposition. Also discussed are the processes via which OS may affect female fertility, these including DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, the last section of the manuscript contains an evaluation of treatment options, including antioxidants and lifestyle modification, capable of minimizing OS in infertile women. The prime message underlined by this review is the importance of considering OS in the diagnosis and treatment of female infertility. Further studies are, nevertheless required to identify the best treatment regimen and its ideal duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris Kaltsas
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.); (A.Z.); (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Athanasios Zikopoulos
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.); (A.Z.); (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Efthalia Moustakli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics in Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Athanasios Zachariou
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.); (A.Z.); (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Georgia Tsirka
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics in Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.); (G.T.)
| | | | - Natalia Palapela
- Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Nikolaos Sofikitis
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.); (A.Z.); (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Fotios Dimitriadis
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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19
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Mills EG, Abbara A, Dhillo WS, Comninos AN. Effects of distinct Polycystic Ovary Syndrome phenotypes on bone health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1163771. [PMID: 37251667 PMCID: PMC10213631 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1163771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent and heterogenous endocrinopathy affecting 5-18% of women. Although its cardinal features include androgen excess, ovulatory dysfunction, and/or polycystic ovarian morphology, women often display related metabolic manifestations, including hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, and obesity. Emerging data reveal that the hormonal alterations associated with PCOS also impact bone metabolism. However, inconsistent evidence exists as to whether PCOS is a bone-protective or bone-hindering disorder with an accumulating body of clinical data indicating that hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, and obesity may have a relative protective influence on bone, whereas chronic low-grade inflammation and vitamin D deficiency may adversely affect bone health. Herein, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the endocrine and metabolic manifestations associated with PCOS and their relative effects on bone metabolism. We focus principally on clinical studies in women investigating their contribution to the alterations in bone turnover markers, bone mineral density, and ultimately fracture risk in PCOS. A thorough understanding in this regard will indicate whether women with PCOS require enhanced surveillance of bone health in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard G. Mills
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Waljit S. Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N. Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Endocrine Bone Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Yuan X, Yang J, Sun D, Luo K, Jiang X, Wang L, Xiang S, Jiang Y, Ge K, Zhou Z, Li B, Hua F. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D inhibits hepatic diacyglycerol accumulation and ameliorates metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome rat models. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1077014. [PMID: 37124226 PMCID: PMC10136241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1077014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the influence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) on metabolic dysfunction and elucidate its underlying mechanism using a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CON, 2 ml/kg of oral 0.5% CMC), 1,25VD group (oral 0.5% CMC and 2.5 ug/kg intraperitoneal 1,25(OH)2D), PCOS group (1 mg/kg oral letrozole), PCOS+1,25VD group (1 mg/kg oral letrozole orally 2.5 ug/kg intraperitoneal 1,25(OH)2D). The treatments were administered for 8 weeks. Body weight, estrus cycle, insulin tolerance, and oral glucose tolerance of the rats in the different groups were assessed. The rats were euthanized at the 8th weeks, and plasma, ovarian, and liver samples were collected and analyzed. The hepatic lipid profile was characterized using HPLC/MRM.Results: Letrozole-induced PCOS rats exhibited increased weight, insulin resistance, postprandial glucose abnormalities, and dyslipidemia. Compared with the PCOS group rats, the PCOS+1,25VD group rats showed reduced body weight, increased sensitivity to insulin, decreased postprandial glucose, and elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, abnormally increased liver concentrations of total diacylglycerol (DG) and DG species in the PCOS rats were reversed by treatment with 1,25(OH)2D. Additionally, hepatic DG and insulin sensitivity were correlated.Conclusion: 1,25(OH)2D inhibited hepatic DG accumulation and ameliorated metabolic dysfunction in PCOS rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Jianshu Yang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Danlin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Kaiming Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Shoukui Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Yijie Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Kele Ge
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhiyang Zhou
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, China
| | - Bowen Li
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, China
| | - Fei Hua
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Hua,
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21
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Insulin Resistance and Bone Metabolism Markers in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study on Females from the Islamic University Medical Center. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030593. [PMID: 36984594 PMCID: PMC10056621 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) prevails in females in the 18–40-year-old age group and varies from 5–20% depending on the demographic and diagnostic standards. It is unknown how long passes between the onset of a specific symptom and the appearance of the disease. The three most significant characteristics of PCOS include irregular menstruation, a polycystic ovarian shape found by pelvic ultrasound, and hyperandrogenism, which could possibly delay menarche. This study’s objective was to assess insulin resistance and bone bio-markers’ metabolism-involved characteristics of females with PCOS. Materials and Methods: We present a cross-sectional study carried out on 100 female patients suffering from PCOS and 100 healthy female subjects as a control living in Saudi Arabia in the Al-Madinah Al-Munawara Region between May 2021 and March 2022. The age of the studied groups ranges from 20–40 years, and patients were categorized into three groups; group I (control, n = 100), group IIa (overweight or obese females with PCOS, n = 70), and group IIb (non-obese females with PCOS, n = 30). The diagnosis of PCOS was carried out as per Rotterdam criteria as recommended for adolescent and adult subjects. All the groups were subjected to physical examination, and anthropometric measures, biochemical parameters, endocrine activity, and clinical parameters were determined. The data obtained were computerized and analyzed statistically using the SPSS program for range, mean, and standard deviation. ANOVA test with post hoc Tukey test was applied to assess the pattern and variation among the test and control groups. Results: In the present study, age, waist circumstances, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were reported enhanced in the PCOS over the control group. Additionally, anthropometric measures were reported slightly upregulated in group IIa over group IIb (p < 0.001). Biochemical parameters including glucose, insulin incidence, and lipids were reported higher in the PCOS over the control group, where group IIa showed slightly increased values compared to group IIb (p < 0.001). On the contrary, PTH, Ca+2, and 25(OH)D levels were reported lower in the PCOS over the control group. However, in the control groups, a slight variation was reported as higher in group IIa compared to group II. In the study, PTH and 25(OH)D were found associated with bone metabolism; a lower level of PTH and 25 (OH) D is linked with a decline in bone density. Conclusions: Lower serum levels of PINP and osteocalcin along with the 25(OH)D were associated with the PCOS compared to the control group, imposing a higher risk of the syndrome. On the contrary, an elevated level of NTx in groups IIa and IIb over the control group was associated with insulin resistance and bone metabolism.
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22
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Jiang Y, Yang J, Du K, Luo K, Yuan X, Hua F. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 alleviates hyperandrogen-induced ferroptosis in KGN cells. Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:273-280. [PMID: 36884209 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperandrogenism, one of the most frequent causes of anovulation in women, increases the risk of metabolic disorders in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Ferroptosis, characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has provided new insight into the progression of PCOS. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) may play a role in reproduction because its receptor, VDR, which contributes to the inhibition of oxidative stress, is primarily located in the nuclei of granulosa cells. This study has therefore investigated whether 1,25D3 and hyperandrogenism affect granulosa-like tumor cells (KGN cells) through ferroptosis. METHODS KGN cells were treated with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) or pretreated with 1,25D3. Cell viability was evaluated with the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ferroptosis-related molecules, including glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), solute carrier family 7 member (SLC7A11), and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), were assessed via qRT-PCR and western blot. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by ELISA. The rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation were assessed via photometric methods. RESULTS Decreased cell viability, suppression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 expression, increased expression of ACSL4, elevated levels of MDA, accumulation of ROS, and increased lipid peroxidation, which are changes representative of ferroptosis, were observed in KGN cells after treatment with DHEA. Pretreatment with 1,25D3 in KGN cells significantly prevented these changes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that 1,25D3 attenuates hyperandrogen-induced ferroptosis of KGN cells. This finding might lead to new insights into the pathophysiology and therapy of PCOS and provides new evidence for the treatment of PCOS with 1,25D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jianshu Yang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Kaiming Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Fei Hua
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China.
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23
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Rani S, Chandna P. Multiomics Analysis-Based Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:1-27. [PMID: 35084716 PMCID: PMC10010205 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is an utmost communal endocrine, psychological, reproductive, and metabolic disorder that occurs in women of reproductive age with extensive range of clinical manifestations. This may even lead to long-term multiple morbidities including obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, infertility, cerebrovascular diseases, and ovarian and endometrial cancer. Women affliction from PCOS in midst assemblage of manifestations allied with menstrual dysfunction and androgen exorbitance, which considerably affects eminence of life. PCOS is recognized as a multifactorial disorder and systemic syndrome in first-degree family members; therefore, the etiology of PCOS syndrome has not been copiously interpreted. The disorder of PCOS comprehends numerous allied health conditions and has influenced various metabolic processes. Due to multifaceted pathophysiology engaging several pathways and proteins, single genetic diagnostic tests cannot be supportive to determine in straight way. Clarification of cellular and biochemical pathways and various genetic players underlying PCOS could upsurge our consideration of pathophysiology of this syndrome. It is requisite to know pathophysiological relationship between biomarker and their reflection towards PCOS disease. Biomarkers deliver vibrantly and potent ways to apprehend the spectrum of PCOS with applications in screening, diagnosis, characterization, and monitoring. This paper relies on the endeavor to point out many candidates as potential biomarkers based on omics technologies, thus highlighting correlation between PCOS disease with innovative technologies. Therefore, the objective of existing review is to encapsulate more findings towards cutting-edge advances in prospective use of biomarkers for PCOS disease. Discussed biomarkers may be fruitful in guiding therapies, addressing disease risk, and predicting clinical outcomes in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Rani
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi , 110021, India.
| | - Piyush Chandna
- Natdynamics Biosciences Confederation, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122001, India
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Rehman R, Azhar A, Naseem Z, Haider G, Farooqui N, Farhat S. PCOS model: Apoptotic changes and role of vitamin D. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Oxidative Stress and Human Ovarian Response—From Somatic Ovarian Cells to Oocytes Damage: A Clinical Comprehensive Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071335. [PMID: 35883826 PMCID: PMC9311552 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic scientific research on human reproduction and oxidative damage has been extensively performed; however, a more clinical view is still lacking. As a result, exhaustive data on the influence of oxidative stress on human ovarian response and, consequently, on fertility are still lacking. This narrative review aims at summarizing the role of oxidative stress in different conditions associated to female infertility and to list some of the main antioxidant agents. A systematic literature search was performed in May 2022 to retrieve studies regarding the oxidative stress and the human ovarian response from somatic ovarian cells to oocytes damage. Only human studies were included and the authors focused their review, in particular, on clinical implications in order to define a new research perspective on the assessment of any eventual strategy to preserve women’s fertility. Thereby, the authors evaluated the contribution of DNA repair pathways in improving women’s fertility by reducing the DNA damage associated with aging or diseases, such as endometriosis or polycystic ovary syndrome, and eventually, in prolonging the reproductive lifespan after cancer treatment.
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Al-Najjar MAA, Al-alwany RR, Al-Rshoud FM, Abu-Farha RK, Zawiah M. Menstrual changes following COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional study from Jordan and Iraq. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270537. [PMID: 35767537 PMCID: PMC9242447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose
COVID-19 infection is normally followed by several post-COVID effects. This study aimed to investigate to evaluate menstrual changes in females following COVID-19 infection, and to evaluate female perception about the effect of COVID-19 on their menstrual cycles.
Methods
During this cross-sectional survey-based study, a convenience sample of 483 women from Jordan and from Iraq, who had infected with COVID-19 were invited to fill-out the study questionnaire.
Results
The study was conducted on the females, with a median age 31 years old. Results showed that 47.2% of them (n = 228) suffered from a change in the number of days between two consecutive periods, as well as from a change in the amount of blood loss. Also, more than 50% of them believed that COVID-19 infection may cause changes in the amount of blood loss during the cycle (n = 375, 56.9%), and changes in the number of days between the two consecutive periods (n = 362, 54.2%).
Regression analysis showed that participants with higher educational level (bachelor or higher) (Beta = -0.114, P = 0.011), and those living in Iraq (Beta = -0.166, P<0.001) believed that COVID-19 has lower tendency to cause menstrual changes. In addition, non-married females (Beta = 0.109, P = 0.017), and those who are current smokers (Beta = 0.091, P = 0.048) believed that COVID-19 has higher tendency to cause menstrual changes.
Conclusion
his study revealed that COVID-19 infection could affect the menstrual cycle for the females. Further prospective studies should be done to confirm these findings and evaluate how long these menstrual irregularities lasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. A. Al-Najjar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ruaa R. Al-alwany
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Firas M. Al-Rshoud
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Rana K. Abu-Farha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department Clinical Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Zawiah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Al-Hodeida, Al Hodeida, Yemen
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sans Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Study of vitamin D3 formulation prepared by phytosolve technique and its effect on CTRP6 gene expression in PCOS model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Tilak JR, Jain A, Wadhwa N, Tilak H, Ahirwar AK. The study of the role of insulin resistance as etiological factor in polycystic ovarian syndrome: a case control study. ADVANCES IN LABORATORY MEDICINE 2022; 3:201-209. [PMID: 37361870 PMCID: PMC10197512 DOI: 10.1515/almed-2021-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been consistently shown by several studies but what is the cause and what is the effect remained an unsolved issue. In recent years, IR has been suggested to be a key etiological factor which contributes to the severity of metabolic and reproductive features in PCOS. The aim of the present study is to determine the etiological role of IR in PCOS. Methods This is an analytical case control study where 30 newly diagnosed normoglycemic cases of PCOS (according to Rotterdam revised criteria 2003) between the age group of 15 and 35 years were enrolled. A total of 30 age matched, apparently healthy women were selected from volunteers as controls. Fasting glucose was analysed by spectrophotometry and fasting insulin by chemiluminescence immunoassay. HOMA-IR, Log HOMA-IR, QUICKI, G/I ratio and FIRI were calculated using standard formulae. Results The anthropometric parameters and markers of IR were high and QUICKI & G/I ratio were low in cases as compared to controls (p<0.05). Cases with BMI≥25 showed significantly higher IR markers and lower QUICKI & G/I ratio than BMI<25 cases and BMI matched controls. No significant difference was present in IR markers between high and low central obesity cases. Conclusions The findings of our study suggest that in normoglycemic PCOS women, raised IR markers in obese patients cannot be attributed to obesity or central obesity alone. Presence of IR in newly diagnosed cases at such an early stage i.e., even before development of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia suggest IR to be a causative factor in development of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anju Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | | | - H.R. Tilak
- Bhandari Hospital and Research Center, Indore, MP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Ahirwar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110095, India
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Arnanz A, Garcia-Velasco JA, Neyro JL. Calcifediol (25OHD) Deficiency and Its Treatment in Women's Health and Fertility. Nutrients 2022; 14:1820. [PMID: 35565788 PMCID: PMC9103696 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is abundant scientific evidence showing that the vitamin D endocrine system (VDES) is a highly complex endocrine system with multiple actions in different regions of the body. The unequivocal presence of vitamin D receptors in different tissues related to fertility, and to specific aspects of women's health such as pregnancy, undoubtedly implies functions of this steroid hormone in both male and female fertility and establishes relationships with different outcomes of human gestation. In order to review the role of the VDES in human fertility, we evaluated the relationships established between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (calcifediol) deficiency and in vitro fertilization, as well as aspects related to ovarian reserve and fertility, and commonly diagnosed endocrinopathies such as polycystic ovary disease. Likewise, we briefly reviewed the relationships between calcifediol deficiency and uterine fibroids, as well as the role that treatment may have in improving human fertility. Finally, the best scientific evidence available on the consequences of calcifediol deficiency during pregnancy is reviewed in relation to those aspects that have accumulated the most scientific literature to date, such as the relationship with the weight of the newborn at the time of delivery, the appearance of preeclampsia, and the risk of developing gestational diabetes and its final consequences for the pregnancy. To date, there is no definitive consensus on the necessary dose for treatment of calcifediol deficiency in the therapeutic management of infertility or during pregnancy. Large prospective clinical intervention studies are needed to clarify the benefits associated with this supplementation and the optimal dose to use in each situation. Although most intervention studies to date have been conducted with cholecalciferol, due to its much longer history of use in daily care, the use of calcifediol to alleviate 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency seems safe, even during pregnancy. The unequivocal presence of vitamin D receptors in very different tissues related to human fertility, both male and female, as well as in structures typical of pregnancy, allows us to investigate the crucial role that this steroid hormone has in specific aspects of women's health, such as pregnancy and the ability to conceive. Well-designed clinical studies are needed to elucidate the necessary dose and the best form of treatment to resolve the very common calcifediol deficiency in women of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Arnanz
- IVIRMA, 28023 Madrid, Spain or (A.A.); (J.A.G.-V.)
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, 28023 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Neyro
- Academia de Ciencias Médicas de Bilbao, Gynecology and Obstetrics Service, Hospital Universitario Cruces, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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30
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Effects of Vitamin D on Fertility, Pregnancy and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081649. [PMID: 35458211 PMCID: PMC9029121 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine reproductive disorders in women. Vitamin D deficiency is also quite common in this condition. The degree of vitamin D deficiency correlates with the severity of PCOS. Both male and female vitamin D levels play a role in fertility and affect the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Moreover, fertility and IVF indicators are improved by vitamin D not only in healthy women but in those diagnosed with PCOS. Both vitamin D deficiency and PCOS increase pregnancy-related complications. Vitamin D supplementation and optimal vitamin D levels decrease both maternal and fetal risk for complications and adverse events. Furthermore, vitamin D supplementation may ameliorate or even prevent pregnancy-related reversible bone loss in mothers. This review emphasizes the roles of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplementation and their correlation with PCOS regarding reproductive health.
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31
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Ko JKY, Shi J, Li RHW, Yeung WSB, Ng EHY. 100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Effect of serum vitamin D level before ovarian stimulation on the cumulative live birth rate of women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a retrospective analysis. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e210444. [PMID: 35029541 PMCID: PMC8859949 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D receptors are present in the female reproductive tract. Studies on the association between serum vitamin D level and pregnancy rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF) showed inconsistent results and focused on a single fresh or frozen embryo transfer cycle. The objective of our study was to evaluate if serum vitamin D level before ovarian stimulation was associated with the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) of the first IVF cycle. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Women who underwent the first IVF cycle from 2012 to 2016 at a university-affiliated reproductive medicine center were included. Archived serum samples taken before ovarian stimulation were analyzed for 25(OH)D levels using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS In total, 1113 had pregnancy outcome from the completed IVF cycle. The median age (25th-75th percentile) of the women was 36 (34-38) years and serum 25(OH)D level was 53.4 (41.9-66.6) nmol/L. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (less than 50 nmol/L) was 42.2%. The CLBR in the vitamin D-deficient group was significantly lower compared to the non-deficient group (43.9%, 208/474 vs 50.9%, 325/639, P = 0.021, unadjusted), and after controlling for women's age, BMI, antral follicle count, type and duration of infertility. There were no differences in the clinical/ongoing pregnancy rate, live birth rate and miscarriage rate in the fresh cycle between the vitamin D deficient and non-deficient groups. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in infertile women in subtropical Hong Kong. The CLBR of the first IVF cycle in the vitamin D-deficient group was significantly lower compared to the non-deficient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Y Ko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to J K Y Ko:
| | - Jinghua Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Raymond H W Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - William S B Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ernest H Y Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
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32
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Xing C, Zhang J, Zhao H, He B. Effect of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Mechanisms, Manifestations, Genetics, and Treatment. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:91-105. [PMID: 35140526 PMCID: PMC8818772 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s344542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases causing infertility in women of childbearing age. It is characterized by hyperandrogenemia (HA), chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM). Most women with PCOS have metabolic abnormalities. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), a transport carrier that binds estrogen and androgens and regulates their biological activity, is usually used as an indicator of hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS. Low serum SHBG levels are considered a biomarker of metabolic abnormalities and are associated with insulin resistance (IR), HA, and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in PCOS patients. SHBG is also related to the long-term prognosis of PCOS, whereas SHBG gene polymorphism is associated with PCOS risk. In addition, the administration of metformin (MET), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), thiazolidinediones (TZDs), compound oral contraceptives (COCs), as well as nutrient supplements such as inositol (MI), vitamin D, and synbiotics can regulate SHBG levels to ameliorate PCOS complications and improve prognosis. This review focuses on the interaction between SHBG and various PCOS complications as well as the regulation of SHBG by various drugs and nutrients and its therapeutic effects on PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xing
- The First Department of Endocrine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- The First Department of Endocrine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhao
- The First Department of Endocrine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing He
- The First Department of Endocrine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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CANDER S, ŞİŞMAN P, ÖZ GÜL Ö. Evaluation of insulin resistance and vitamin D levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. TURKISH JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.46310/tjim.1027019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Singh V, Tamar N, Lone Z, Das E, Sahu R, Majumdar S. Association between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level and menstrual cycle length and regularity: A cross-sectional observational study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2022; 19:979-986. [PMID: 34977455 PMCID: PMC8717082 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v19i11.9913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research examining the role of vitamin D deficiency and the development of menstrual disorders in women is of widespread interest. Studies have been published showing that supplementation with high-dose vitamin D can lead to the restoration of the menstrual cycle. We lack adequate information regarding the effect of vitamin D levels on the physiology of menstruation and further on fertility in women of reproductive age due to the contradictory results reported by studies. Objective To study the association of 25-hydroxy vitamin D with menstrual cycle characteristics including long and short cycle length and cycle irregularity. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, serum vitamin D levels of 166 women attending an outpatient department with menstrual irregularities after excluding all obvious causes of menstrual disorders (n = 83) between April-June 2019 were measured and were compared with women of similar profiles with complaints other than menstrual irregularities (n = 83). Results A decreased level of vitamin D was associated with a 13.3 times odds of an irregular cycle (OR (95% CI): 13.30 (5.79-30.60), p < 0.001). 25-hydroxy vitamin D was not associated with age or body mass index. We found a significant difference (p < 0.001) in mean vitamin D levels among the females with irregular cycles vs. regular cycles. Conclusion Vitamin D plays a role in the physiology of reproduction specific to the menstrual cycle and ovulation. Long-term prospective studies assessing the exact cutoff value and the exact dose of supplementation required are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Singh
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Aiims, Raipur, India
| | - Neelam Tamar
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Aiims, Raipur, India
| | - Zamir Lone
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Aiims, Raipur, India
| | - Esha Das
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Aiims, Raipur, India
| | - Rajshree Sahu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Aiims, Raipur, India
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Sindi R. Hormonal, metabolic, and Vitamin D status variabilities among Saudi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome versus nonpolycystic ovarian syndrome controls: A retrospective study. SAUDI JOURNAL FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/sjhs.sjhs_91_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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PCOS and Depression: Common Links and Potential Targets. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:3106-3123. [PMID: 34642910 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00765-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PCOS or polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder that occurs during the reproductive age in females. It manifests in the form of a wide range of symptoms including (but not limited to) hirsutism, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, obesity, acne vulgaris, infertility, alopecia, and insulin resistance. The incidence of depression in PCOS population is increasing as compared to the general population. Increased depression in PCOS significantly alters the quality of life (QOL) of affected females. Also, self-esteem is found to be low in both depression and PCOS. The loss in self-esteem in such patients can be largely attributed to the associated factors including (but not limited to) obesity, acne, androgenic alopecia, and hirsutism. The reason behind the occurrence of depression in PCOS remains elusive to date. Literature suggests that there is an overlap of clinical symptoms between depression and PCOS. As the symptoms overlap, there is a possibility of common associations between depression, PCOS, and PCOS-associated abnormalities including insulin resistance (IR), obesity, CVD, and androgen excess. Studies demonstrate that depression is an inflammatory disorder marked with increased levels of inflammatory markers. On the other hand, PCOS is also regarded as a pro-inflammatory state that is characterized by increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers. Thus, there is a possibility of an inflammatory relationship existing between depression and PCOS. It is also possible that the inflammatory markers in PCOS can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leading to the development of depression. Through the present review, we have attempted to shed light on common associations/shared links between depression and PCOS with respect to the levels of cortisol, androgen, vitamin D, neurotransmitters, monoaminoxidase (MAO), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Tracking down common associations between depression and PCOS will help find potential drug therapies and improve the QOL of females with depression in PCOS.
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Hussain T, Murtaza G, Metwally E, Kalhoro DH, Kalhoro MS, Rahu BA, Sahito RGA, Yin Y, Yang H, Chughtai MI, Tan B. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Balance in Pregnancy. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9962860. [PMID: 34616234 PMCID: PMC8490076 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9962860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely known that oxidative stress disrupts the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant system in the body. During pregnancy, the physiological generation of ROS is involved in a variety of developmental processes ranging from oocyte maturation to luteolysis and embryo implantation. While abnormal overproduction of ROS disrupts these processes resulting in reproductive failure. In addition, excessive oxidative stress impairs maternal and placental functions and eventually results in fetal loss, IUGR, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Although some oxidative stress is inevitable during pregnancy, a balancing act between oxidant and antioxidant production is necessary at different stages of the pregnancy. The review aims to highlight the importance of maintaining oxidative and antioxidant balance throughout pregnancy. Furthermore, we highlight the role of oxidative stress in pregnancy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan, China
- Animal Science Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh 70050, Pakistan
| | - Elsayed Metwally
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Dildar Hussain Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh 70050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh 70050, Pakistan
| | - Baban Ali Rahu
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh 70050, Pakistan
| | | | - Yulong Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Muhammad Ismail Chughtai
- Animal Science Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan, China
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Ribeiro JC, Braga PC, Martins AD, Silva BM, Alves MG, Oliveira PF. Antioxidants Present in Reproductive Tract Fluids and Their Relevance for Fertility. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091441. [PMID: 34573073 PMCID: PMC8466935 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, infertility is classified as a disease of the reproductive system. Although it does not compromise the life of the individual, it can have detrimental effects on the physiological and psychological health of the couple. Male fertility evaluation is mainly focused on the analysis of sperm parameters. However, the ejaculated fluid is also composed of seminal plasma, and the study of this fluid can provide crucial information to help in the assessment of male fertility status. Total antioxidant capacity of the seminal plasma has been positively correlated with the fertility of men. Moreover, evidence highlights to a similar importance as that of female reproductive tract fluid antioxidant capabilities and female fertility. Herein, we describe the functions of seminal plasma and female reproductive tract fluids, as well as their main antioxidant components and their relationships with fertility outcomes. Additionally, this review contains the most up to date information regarding the mechanisms of the interaction between the male and the female reproductive fluids and the importance of proper antioxidant capacity for fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C. Ribeiro
- Department of Anatomy, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (P.C.B.); (M.G.A.)
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Patrícia C. Braga
- Department of Anatomy, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (P.C.B.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Ana D. Martins
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Branca M. Silva
- CICS, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Marco G. Alves
- Department of Anatomy, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (P.C.B.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Pedro F. Oliveira
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-234370718
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Characterization of Glutathione Peroxidase 4 in Rat Oocytes, Preimplantation Embryos, and Selected Maternal Tissues during Early Development and Implantation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105174. [PMID: 34068371 PMCID: PMC8153280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) in rat oocytes, preimplantation embryos, and female genital organs. After copulation, Sprague Dawley female rats were euthanized with anesthetic on the first (D1), third (D3), and fifth days of pregnancy (D5). Ovaries, oviducts, and uterine horns were removed, and oocytes and preimplantation embryos were obtained. Immunohistochemical, immunofluorescent, and Western blot methods were employed. Using immunofluorescence, we detected GPx4 in both the oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Whereas in the oocytes, GPx4 was homogeneously diffused, in the blastomeres, granules were formed, and in the blastocysts, even clusters were present mainly around the cell nuclei. Employing immunohistochemistry, we detected GPx4 inside the ovary in the corpus luteum, stroma, follicles, and blood vessels. In the oviduct, the enzyme was present in the epithelium, stroma, blood vessels, and smooth muscles. In the uterus, GPx4 was found in the endometrium, myometrium, blood vessels, and stroma. Moreover, we observed GPx4 positive granules in the uterine gland epithelium on D1 and D3 and cytoplasm of fibroblasts forming in the decidua on D5. Western blot showed the highest GPx4 levels in the uterus and the lowest levels in the ovary. Our results show that the GPx4 is necessary as early as in the preimplantation development of a new individual because we detected it in an unfertilized oocyte in a blastocyst and not only after implantation, as was previously thought.
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Wang L, Wen X, Lv S, Tian S, Jiang Y, Yang X. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic parameters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:446-455. [PMID: 32909865 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1813272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic parameters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS We performed a literature search of databases and identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published prior to December 2019. A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software. We compared the effects of vitamin D supplementation alone to the administration of placebos on metabolic parameters of PCOS women with vitamin D deficiency. RESULTS Ten articles of RCTs were included and analyzed in this meta-analysis, which included a total of 520 PCOS women. Our meta-analysis results showed no significant effects of vitamin D supplementation on BMI (p = .43), systolic blood pressure (p = .05), diastolic blood pressure (p = .87), fasting insulin concentration (p = .86), HOMA-IR (p = .47), HDL-C (p = .76), LDL-C (p = .23) and triglyceride (p = .77). Both low dose vitamin D supplementation (<4000 IU/day) and high dose vitamin D supplementation (≥4000 IU/day) were found to significantly decreased the fasting glucose concentration (p = .01, p = .001, respectively). Vitamin D supplementation significantly decreased total cholesterol concentration (p = .03). CONCLUSIONS The results of this meta-analysis suggested that vitamin D supplementation decreases fasting glucose concentration and total cholesterol concentration in PCOS women with vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinqiang Wen
- The 521 Hospital of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, China
| | - Shulan Lv
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijuan Tian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Dabravolski SA, Nikiforov NG, Eid AH, Nedosugova LV, Starodubova AV, Popkova TV, Bezsonov EE, Orekhov AN. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Chronic Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3923. [PMID: 33920227 PMCID: PMC8070512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine-metabolic disorder affecting a vast population worldwide; it is linked with anovulation, mitochondrial dysfunctions and hormonal disbalance. Mutations in mtDNA have been identified in PCOS patients and likely play an important role in PCOS aetiology and pathogenesis; however, their causative role in PCOS development requires further investigation. As a low-grade chronic inflammation disease, PCOS patients have permanently elevated levels of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18). In this review, we summarise recent data regarding the role of mtDNA mutations and mitochondrial malfunctions in PCOS pathogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss recent papers dedicated to the identification of novel biomarkers for early PCOS diagnosis. Finally, traditional and new mitochondria-targeted treatments are discussed. This review intends to emphasise the key role of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in PCOS pathogenesis; however, the exact molecular mechanism is mostly unknown and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], 7/11 Dovatora str., 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Center of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (E.E.B.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Ludmila V. Nedosugova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubenskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Antonina V. Starodubova
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Popkova
- V.A. Nasonova Institute of Rheumatology, 34A Kashirskoye Shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Evgeny E. Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (E.E.B.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (E.E.B.); (A.N.O.)
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Li Y, Wang J, Yang J, Chen J, Zhou W, Qiao C, Shen S, Bi Y. The correlation between vitamin D, glucose homeostasis and androgen level among polycystic ovary syndrome patients: a cross-sectional study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:235-239. [PMID: 33576294 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1810228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 290 women with PCOS participated in this cross-sectional study. Glucose homeostasis was assessed by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and the concentration of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D was determined among all subjects. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was taken as the indicator of insulin resistance. Beta cell function was estimated using the insulinogenic index and the disposition index. Free androgen index (FAI) was used to represent the androgen level. RESULTS In our study, 7.2% of the patients had Vit D severe deficiency, 75.2% had Vit D deficiency and 15.5% had vit D insufficiency. The level of serum 25(OH)D showed a significant positive association with insulinogenic index (r = 0.147, p < .05), disposition index (r = 0.280, p < .05), and SHBG (r = 0.178, p < .05) but exhibited a negative association with HOMA-IR (r = -0.198, p < .05), FAI (r = -0.178, p < .05). Adjusted age and BMI, 25(OH)D would be the dependent variable on disposition index [B = 0.259, 95%CI(0.041,0.477)] and FAI [B = -0.125, 95%CI(-0.232, -0.017)]. CONCLUSIONS According to our results, the low levels of serum 25(OH)D were common in women with PCOS, which was speculated to be associated with glucose homeostasis and the androgen level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Health Manager Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiamiao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengcheng Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanmei Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Bezerra Espinola MS, Bilotta G, Aragona C. Positive effect of a new supplementation of vitamin D 3 with myo-inositol, folic acid and melatonin on IVF outcomes: a prospective randomized and controlled pilot study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:251-254. [PMID: 32367738 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1760820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess whether oral supplementation of vitamin D3, myo-inositol, folic acid and melatonin affects IVF outcomes. One hundred and twenty consecutive infertile women attending IVF treatment were 1:1 randomly distributed in two groups. Women in group A (control) were assigned to receive myo-inositol, alpha-lactalbumin and folic acid in the morning, and myo-inositol, folic acid and melatonin in the evening. Women in group B (treated) were assigned to receive analogous treatment, with the addition of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in the evening from the early beginning of the luteal phase. 50 patients in group A and 50 in group B underwent blastocyst transfer and were considered in the statistical analysis. Vitamin D3 levels significantly increased after 45 days of treatment: 33.2 ng/ml in group B Vs. 24.3 ng/ml in group A (p < .0001). The implantation rate increased as well: 37.1% in group B Vs. 19.2% in group A (p < .0151). Overall, the results indicate that increased vitamin D3 levels positively correlate with the implantation rate in IVF. Because of the low number of participants, these findings need to be confirmed with larger cohorts of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cesare Aragona
- cSystem Biology Group, University of Rome, Alma Res Fertility Center, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy that has been associated with impaired fertility. This chapter reviews the underlying pathophysiology of PCOS and the associated fertility barriers of the condition. Psychologic concerns, hypothalamic-pituitary, ovarian, and mitochondria dysfunction, obesity, and the role of vitamin D in PCOS are considered with respect to fertility. Lastly, pregnancy risk factors associated with PCOS are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Lentscher
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
- Program of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Breonna Slocum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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Di Bari F, Catalano A, Bellone F, Martino G, Benvenga S. Vitamin D, Bone Metabolism, and Fracture Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020116. [PMID: 33670644 PMCID: PMC7922814 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among premenopausal women. PCOS may have reproductive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological implications. Vitamin D deficit is often encountered in PCOS women and may contribute to the pathophysiology of this disorder. As of the key role of vitamin D in bone and mineral metabolism, and because the vitamin D status appears to be closely linked with the PCOS manifestations including insulin resistance, obesity, ovulatory and menstrual irregularities, oxidative stress and PTH elevation, hypovitaminosis D may directly and indirectly via the different facets of PCOS impair bone health in these women. Although limited data are available on life-long fracture risk in women with PCOS, the importance of preserving bone health in youth and adults to prevent osteoporosis and related fractures is also recognized in PCOS women. Evidence of the association between vitamin D and the clinical hallmarks of PCOS are summarized and discussed. Vitamin D arises as a cornerstone in women with PCOS and contributes to the pathophysiological link between PCOS and bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Di Bari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.D.B.); (F.B.); (G.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Antonino Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.D.B.); (F.B.); (G.M.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-2213987
| | - Federica Bellone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.D.B.); (F.B.); (G.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Gabriella Martino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.D.B.); (F.B.); (G.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.D.B.); (F.B.); (G.M.); (S.B.)
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women’s Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology and Women’s Endocrine Health, University Hospital, A.O.U. Policlinico G. Martino, Viale Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Kollmann M, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Lerchbaum E, Feigl S, Hochstätter R, Pregartner G, Trummer C, Klaritsch P. Vitamin D Concentrations at Term Do Not Differ in Newborns and Their Mothers with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030537. [PMID: 33540556 PMCID: PMC7867163 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest that non-pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may be at elevated risk of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency. Furthermore, there is evidence suggesting that 25(OH)D may also play an important role during pregnancy. Data regarding 25(OH)D deficiency during pregnancy in PCOS patients and its association with perinatal outcome is scarce. The aim of the study was to investigate whether mothers with and without PCOS have different 25(OH)D levels at term, how maternal 25(OH)D levels are reflected in their offspring, and if 25(OH)D levels are associated with an adverse perinatal outcome. Therefore, we performed a cross-sectional observational study and included 79 women with PCOS according to the ESHRE/ASRM 2003 definition and 354 women without PCOS and an ongoing pregnancy ≥ 37 + 0 weeks of gestation who gave birth in our institution between March 2013 and December 2015. Maternal serum and cord blood 25(OH)D levels were analyzed at the day of delivery. Maternal 25(OH)D levels did not differ significantly in women with PCOS and without PCOS (p = 0.998), nor did the 25(OH)D levels of their respective offspring (p = 0.692). 25(OH)D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was found in 26.9% and 22.5% of women with and without PCOS (p = 0.430). There was a strong positive correlation between maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D levels in both investigated groups (r ≥ 0.79, p < 0.001). Linear regression estimates of cord blood 25(OH)D levels are about 77% of serum 25(OH)D concentrations of the mother. Compared to healthy controls, the risk for maternal complications was increased in PCOS women (48% vs. 65%; p = 0.009), while there was no significant difference in neonatal complications (22% and 22%; p = 1.0). However, 25(OH)D levels were similar between mothers and infants with and without perinatal complications. Although the share of women and infants with 25(OH)D deficiency was high in women with PCOS and without PCOS, it seems that the incidence of adverse perinatal outcome was not affected. The long-term consequences for mothers and infants with a 25(OH)D deficiency have to be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kollmann
- Division of Obstetrics and Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.F.); (R.H.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.-P.); (E.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Elisabeth Lerchbaum
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.-P.); (E.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Sarah Feigl
- Division of Obstetrics and Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.F.); (R.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Rüdiger Hochstätter
- Division of Obstetrics and Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.F.); (R.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Gudrun Pregartner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (IMI), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Christian Trummer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.-P.); (E.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Philipp Klaritsch
- Division of Obstetrics and Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.F.); (R.H.); (P.K.)
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47
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Azhar A, Haider G, Naseem Z, Farooqui N, Farooqui MU, Rehman R. Morphological changes in the experimental model of polycystic ovary syndrome and effects of vitamin D treatment. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:1164-1171. [PMID: 33496002 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM This research was designed to develop an animal model by inducing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and observe reproductive and morphological changes after treatment with vitamin D. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty pre-pubertal female Sprague-Dawley (SD) dams were recruited. The animals were distributed 10 each in control, PCOS and vitamin D-treated groups. In control group 0.2 ml of sesame oil was given. PCOS group was administered DHEA by the daily dose of 6 mg/kg for 30 days. In vitamin D-treated group, animals were injected 6 mg/kg/day DHEA daily and 120 ng 1, 25(OH) 2D3/100 g subcutaneously once a week. The occurrence of reproductive phenotypic PCOS was evaluated by estrous cycle, morphology and histological changes of ovary, uterus on light microscope. RESULTS The results of this study showed significant weight gain, obesity, and estrous irregularity in PCOs group as compared to control and vitamin D-treated group. CONCLUSION Administration of vitamin D (120 ng 1, 25(OH) 2D3/100) improved the cycle characteristics, reduced body weight and morphological features in PCOS induced animals. The results support the effect of vitamin D treatment for metabolic and reproductive characteristic features in PCOS females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arfa Azhar
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Haider
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Naseem
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nida Farooqui
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad U Farooqui
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaeed Muhtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Rehman
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Chu C, Tsuprykov O, Chen X, Elitok S, Krämer BK, Hocher B. Relationship Between Vitamin D and Hormones Important for Human Fertility in Reproductive-Aged Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:666687. [PMID: 33935976 PMCID: PMC8081388 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.666687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is very common in women of reproductive age. Studies in animals suggests a link between vitamin D and reproductive hormone biosynthesis. A systematic analysis of the correlation of reproductive hormones in reproductive-aged women with both total and free vitamin D was, however, not done so far. This cross-sectional study was performed in 351 healthy reproductive age Caucasian women (median age, 28.0 years; interquartile ranges, 24.7-31.0 years). We measured serum levels of both total and free 25(OH)D, endocrinological, hematological and biochemical parameters. Spearman's rank correlations were performed to assess the correlation between 25(OH)D metabolites and selected parameters. Total vitamin D and free vitamin D measurements correlated well (rho=0.912, p < 0.0001). Both total 25(OH)D and free 25(OH)D showed significant negative correlation with FAI (rho=-0.229, p<0.0001 and rho=-0.195, p<0.0001 for total and free 25(OH)D, respectively); LH (rho=-0.177, p=0.001 and rho=-0.114, p=0.04 for total and free 25(OH)D, respectively), testosterone (rho=-0.174, p=0.001 and rho=-0.190, p<0.0001 for total and free 25(OH)D, respectively) and AMH (rho=-0.130, p=0.015 and rho=-0.107, p=0.047 for total and free 25(OH)D, respectively). Our study showed comparable correlations of both total and free 25(OH)D with endocrinological parameters, i.e. inverse correlations with free androgen index, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, LH/FSH ratio, androstenedione and anti-Müllerian hormone, and also with hematological and biochemical parameters, i.e. inverse correlations with erythrocytes, hsCRP and leukocytes count, and positive correlation with transferrin saturation, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume in healthy reproductive age women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chu
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oleg Tsuprykov
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin Berlin IFLb, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xin Chen
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saban Elitok
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology/Diabetology, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Medical Diagnostics, IMD Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Berthold Hocher,
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Daghestani MH, Daghestani MH, Warsy A, El-Ansary A, Omair MA, Omair MA, Hassen LM, Alhumaidhi EMH, Al Qahtani B, Harrath AH. Adverse Effects of Selected Markers on the Metabolic and Endocrine Profiles of Obese Women With and Without PCOS. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:665446. [PMID: 34122339 PMCID: PMC8188979 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.665446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study, is to investigate the influence of obesity, with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), on the levels of kisspeptin, vitamin D (Vit D), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and to explore the relationship between these parameters and endocrine and metabolic variables. The study group included 126 obese Saudi females. Of these 63 were suffering from PCOS while the rest were normo-ovulatory obese women (non-PCOS obese). In the obese PCOS, VEGF was almost four times as high as in the non-PCOS obese, while kisspeptin and Vit D did not differ. A highly significant elevation was recorded in the waist/hip (WHR), cholesterol, LDL-C, fasting glucose, LH, LH/FSH ratio, estradiol (E2), and testosterone, while hip circumference, leptin, progesterone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were lower in the obese PCOS subjects. BMI, HDL-C, ghrelin, insulin, and FSH levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. The obese PCOS had the same level of insulin resistance as the non-PCOS group, as judged by QUICK Index. Correlation studies showed a significant negative correlation between kisspeptin and glucose and LH levels, and a positive correlation with LH/FSH ratio in obese PCOS while in the non-PCOS obese, the kisspeptin correlated positively with glucose, and there was no correlation with LH or LH/FSH. VEGF negatively correlated with FSH and positively with LH/FSH ratio in the non-PCOS obese but this was lost in the obese PCOS. PCOS had no effect on the correlation between Vit D and all studied parameters. Multiple regression analysis showed triglyceride as predictor variable for kisspeptin as a dependent variable, while, leptin is a predictor variable for VEGF as a dependent variable. ROC studies showed the highest sensitivity and specificity for VEGF (AOC=1.00), followed by LH/FSH ratio (AOC=0.979). In conclusion, our study shows that PCOS results in significant elevation of VEGF in obese females, while kisspeptin and Vit D levels are not affected. It also leads to elevation in several of the lipid and hormonal abnormalities in the obese females. In addition, PCOS influences relationship between Kisspeptin and VEGF and some parameters such as glucose, LH or FSH and LH/FSH ratio in obese females, but does not affect Vit D relationship with other parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin H. Daghestani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Medical College, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha H. Daghestani
- Zoology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arjumand Warsy
- Central Laboratory, Center for Science and Medical Studies for Girls, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Center for Science and Medical Studies for Girls, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Omair
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A. Omair
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lena M. Hassen
- Zoology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman MH. Alhumaidhi
- Zoology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashaer Al Qahtani
- Zoology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Zoology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Abdel Halim Harrath,
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50
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Menichini D, Forte G, Orrù B, Gullo G, Unfer V, Facchinetti F. The role of vitamin D in metabolic and reproductive disturbances of polycystic ovary syndrome: A narrative mini-review. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 92:126-133. [PMID: 33284035 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that plays a pivotal role in several metabolic and reproductive pathways in humans. Increasing evidence supports the role of vitamin D deficiency in metabolic disturbances and infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Indeed, supplementation with vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on insulin resistance and endometrial receptivity. On the other hand, exceedingly high levels of vitamin D appear to play a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. In the current review, we summarize the available evidence about the topic, aiming to suggest the best supplementation strategy in women with PCOS or, more generally, in those with metabolic disturbances and infertility. Based on the retrieved data, vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on IR, insulin sensitivity and endometrial receptivity, but high levels and incorrect timing of administration seem to have a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. Therefore, we encourage a low dose supplementation (400-800 IU/day) particularly in vitamin D deficient women that present metabolic disturbances like PCOS. As far as the reproductive health, we advise vitamin D supplementation in selected populations, only during specific moments of the ovarian cycle, to support the luteal phase. However, ambiguities about dosage and timing of the supplementation still emerge from the clinical studies published to date and further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Menichini
- International Doctorate School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy.,Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Orrù
- Medical Affairs Department, Lo.Li. Pharma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gullo
- IVF Public Center, AOOR Villa Sofia Cervello, University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Facchinetti
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
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