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Exertier C, Antonelli L, Fiorillo A, Bernardini R, Colotti B, Ilari A, Colotti G. Sorcin in Cancer Development and Chemotherapeutic Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2810. [PMID: 39199583 PMCID: PMC11352664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
SOluble Resistance-related Calcium-binding proteIN (sorcin) earned its name due to its co-amplification with ABCB1 in multidrug-resistant cells. Initially thought to be an accidental consequence of this co-amplification, recent research indicates that sorcin plays a more active role as an oncoprotein, significantly impacting multidrug resistance (MDR). Sorcin is a highly expressed calcium-binding protein, often overproduced in human tumors and multidrug-resistant cancers, and is a promising novel MDR marker. In tumors, sorcin levels inversely correlate with both patient response to chemotherapy and overall prognosis. Multidrug-resistant cell lines consistently exhibit higher sorcin expression compared to their parental counterparts. Furthermore, sorcin overexpression via gene transfection enhances drug resistance to various chemotherapeutic drugs across numerous cancer lines. Conversely, silencing sorcin expression reverses drug resistance in many cell lines. Sorcin participates in several mechanisms of MDR, including drug efflux, drug sequestering, cell death inhibition, gene amplification, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The present review focuses on the structure and function of sorcin, on sorcin's role in cancer and drug resistance, and on the approaches aimed at targeting sorcin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Exertier
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Ed. CU027, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.E.); (A.I.)
| | - Lorenzo Antonelli
- Department Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Ed. CU027, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Annarita Fiorillo
- Department Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Ed. CU027, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Colotti
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Child Neuropsychiatry School, University Hospital of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Ed. CU027, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.E.); (A.I.)
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Ed. CU027, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.E.); (A.I.)
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Nugues C, Helassa N, Haynes LP. Mitosis, Focus on Calcium. Front Physiol 2022; 13:951979. [PMID: 35784871 PMCID: PMC9247304 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.951979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The transformation of a single fertilised egg into an adult human consisting of tens of trillions of highly diverse cell types is a marvel of biology. The expansion is largely achieved by cell duplication through the process of mitosis. Mitosis is essential for normal growth, development, and tissue repair and is one of the most tightly regulated biological processes studied. This regulation is designed to ensure accurate segregation of chromosomes into each new daughter cell since errors in this process can lead to genetic imbalances, aneuploidy, that can lead to diseases including cancer. Understanding how mitosis operates and the molecular mechanisms that ensure its fidelity are therefore not only of significant intellectual value but provide unique insights into disease pathology. The purpose of this review is to revisit historical evidence that mitosis can be influenced by the ubiquitous second messenger calcium and to discuss this in the context of new findings revealing exciting new information about its role in cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Nugues
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nordine Helassa
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lee P. Haynes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Ishida K, Nakashima T, Shibata T, Hara A, Tomita H. Role of the DEK oncogene in the development of squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2020; 25:1563-1569. [PMID: 32656741 PMCID: PMC7441080 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
DEK is a highly conserved nuclear factor that plays an important role in the regulation of multiple cellular processes. DEK was discovered to be an oncogene as a fusion with NUP214 gene, which results in producing DEK-NUP214 proteins, in a subset of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Subsequently, DEK overexpression was reported in many cancers, thus DEK itself is considered to be an oncoprotein. DEK has been reported to play important roles in the progression of early and late stage squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and is useful for early diagnosis of the disease. These findings have made DEK an attractive therapeutic target, especially for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated SCC. However, the mechanism of DEK in SCC remains unclear. In this review, we discuss human DEK oncogene-related SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Ishida
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakashima
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shibata
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
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Flightless-1 inhibits ER stress-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells by regulating Ca 2+ homeostasis. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:940-950. [PMID: 32504039 PMCID: PMC7338537 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is an adaptive mechanism that is activated upon disruption of ER homeostasis and protects the cells against certain harmful environmental stimuli. However, critical and prolonged cell stress triggers cell death. In this study, we demonstrate that Flightless-1 (FliI) regulates ER stress-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells by modulating Ca2+ homeostasis. FliI was highly expressed in both colon cell lines and colorectal cancer mouse models. In a mouse xenograft model using CT26 mouse colorectal cancer cells, tumor formation was slowed due to elevated levels of apoptosis in FliI-knockdown (FliI-KD) cells. FliI-KD cells treated with ER stress inducers, thapsigargin (TG), and tunicamycin exhibited activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and induction of UPR-related gene expression, which eventually triggered apoptosis. FliI-KD increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and this upregulation was caused by accelerated ER-to-cytosolic efflux of Ca2+. The increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration was significantly blocked by dantrolene and tetracaine, inhibitors of ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Dantrolene inhibited TG-induced ER stress and decreased the rate of apoptosis in FliI-KD CT26 cells. Finally, we found that knockdown of FliI decreased the levels of sorcin and ER Ca2+ and that TG-induced ER stress was recovered by overexpression of sorcin in FliI-KD cells. Taken together, these results suggest that FliI regulates sorcin expression, which modulates Ca2+ homeostasis in the ER through RyRs. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which FliI influences Ca2+ homeostasis and cell survival during ER stress. A cytoskeletal protein that helps tumors avoid cell death offers a promising new drug target for fighting cancer. A team led by Jang Hyun Choi and Sun Sil Choi of the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea, detailed how a protein called Flightless I (FliI) that normally regulates the remodeling of structural filaments in the cell can, in colorectal cancer cells, serve as a tumor promoter through its action on calcium levels. Typically, cells respond to chronic stress by altering calcium signaling to promote their own death. In tumors, however, FliI maintains normal calcium levels to enhance cell survival even in the face of chemotherapy and other stressful stimuli. Suppressing FliI activity could thus help sensitize cancer cells to other stress- and death-inducing drug regimens.
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Battista T, Fiorillo A, Chiarini V, Genovese I, Ilari A, Colotti G. Roles of Sorcin in Drug Resistance in Cancer: One Protein, Many Mechanisms, for a Novel Potential Anticancer Drug Target. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040887. [PMID: 32268494 PMCID: PMC7226229 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of drug resistance is one of the main causes of failure in anti-cancer treatments. Tumor cells adopt many strategies to counteract the action of chemotherapeutic agents, e.g., enhanced DNA damage repair, inactivation of apoptotic pathways, alteration of drug targets, drug inactivation, and overexpression of ABC (Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette, or ATP-binding cassette) transporters. These are broad substrate-specificity ATP-dependent efflux pumps able to export toxins or drugs out of cells; for instance, ABCB1 (MDR1, or P-glycoprotein 1), overexpressed in most cancer cells, confers them multidrug resistance (MDR). The gene coding for sorcin (SOluble Resistance-related Calcium-binding proteIN) is highly conserved among mammals and is located in the same chromosomal locus and amplicon as the ABC transporters ABCB1 and ABCB4, both in human and rodent genomes (two variants of ABCB1, i.e., ABCB1a and ABCB1b, are in rodent amplicon). Sorcin was initially characterized as a soluble protein overexpressed in multidrug (MD) resistant cells and named "resistance-related" because of its co-amplification with ABCB1. Although for years sorcin overexpression was thought to be only a by-product of the co-amplification with ABC transporter genes, many papers have recently demonstrated that sorcin plays an important part in MDR, indicating a possible role of sorcin as an oncoprotein. The present review illustrates sorcin roles in the generation of MDR via many mechanisms and points to sorcin as a novel potential target of different anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Battista
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Annarita Fiorillo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Valerio Chiarini
- Doctoral Programme in Integrative Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Ilaria Genovese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council, Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council, Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (G.C.)
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Martinez-Useros J, Moreno I, Fernandez-Aceñero MJ, Rodriguez-Remirez M, Borrero-Palacios A, Cebrian A, Gomez del Pulgar T, del Puerto-Nevado L, Li W, Puime-Otin A, Perez N, Soengas MS, Garcia-Foncillas J. The potential predictive value of DEK expression for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy response in locally advanced rectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:144. [PMID: 29409457 PMCID: PMC5801838 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data are available regarding the ability of biomarkers to predict complete pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Complete response translates to better patient survival. DEK is a transcription factor involved not only in development and progression of different types of cancer, but is also associated with treatment response. This study aims to analyze the role of DEK in complete pathological response following chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. METHODS Pre-treated tumour samples from 74 locally advanced rectal-cancer patients who received chemoradiation therapy prior to total mesorectal excision were recruited for construction of a tissue microarray. DEK immunoreactivity from all samples was quantified by immunohistochemistry. Then, association between positive stained tumour cells and pathologic response to neoadjuvant treatment was measured to determine optimal predictive power. RESULTS DEK expression was limited to tumour cells located in the rectum. Interestingly, high percentage of tumour cells with DEK positiveness was statistically associated with complete pathological response to neoadjuvant treatment based on radiotherapy and fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy and a marked trend toward significance between DEK positiveness and absence of treatment toxicity. Further analysis revealed an association between DEK and the pro-apoptotic factor P38 in the pre-treated rectal cancer biopsies. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest DEK as a potential biomarker of complete pathological response to treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Martinez-Useros
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Moreno
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M. Rodriguez-Remirez
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Borrero-Palacios
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Cebrian
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - T. Gomez del Pulgar
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L. del Puerto-Nevado
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - W. Li
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Puime-Otin
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Perez
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. S. Soengas
- Melanoma Research Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Garcia-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Nakashima T, Tomita H, Hirata A, Ishida K, Hisamatsu K, Hatano Y, Kanayama T, Niwa A, Noguchi K, Kato K, Miyazaki T, Tanaka T, Shibata T, Hara A. Promotion of cell proliferation by the proto-oncogene DEK enhances oral squamous cell carcinogenesis through field cancerization. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2424-2439. [PMID: 28834425 PMCID: PMC5633549 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops through a multistep carcinogenic process involving field cancerization. The DEK gene is a proto-oncogene with functions in genetic and epigenetic modifications, and has oncogenic functions, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, and senescence. DEK overexpression is associated with malignancies; however, the functional roles of DEK overexpression are unclear. We demonstrated that DEK-expressing cells were significantly increased in human dysplasia/carcinoma in situ and OSCC. Furthermore, we generated ubiquitous and squamous cell-specific doxycycline (DOX)-inducible Dek mice (iDek and iDek-e mice respectively). Both DOX+ iDek and iDek-e mice did not show differences in the oral mucosa compared with DOX- mice. In the environment exposed to carcinogen, DOX-treated (DOX+) iDek mice showed field cancerization and OSCC development. Microarray analysis revealed that DEK overexpression was mediated by the upregulation of DNA replication- and cell cycle-related genes, particularly those related to the G1 /S transition. Tongue tumors overexpressing DEK showed increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen and elongator complex protein 3 expression. Our data suggest that DEK overexpression enhanced carcinogenesis, including field cancerization, in OSCC by stimulating the G1 /S phase transition and promoting DNA replication, providing important insights into the potential applications of DEK as a target in the treatment and prevention of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakashima
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Division of Animal ExperimentLife Science Research CenterGifu University1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ishida
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Kenji Hisamatsu
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kanayama
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Kei Noguchi
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Keizo Kato
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Miyazaki
- Division of PathologyGifu University Hospital1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology (DDP) and Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology (RC‐DiP)Gifu Municipal Hospital7‐1 Kashima‐choGifu500‐8513Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shibata
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
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Gupta S, Johnson SH, Vasmatzis G, Porath B, Rustin JG, Rao P, Costello BA, Leibovich BC, Thompson RH, Cheville JC, Sukov WR. TFEB-VEGFA (6p21.1) co-amplified renal cell carcinoma: a distinct entity with potential implications for clinical management. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:998-1012. [PMID: 28338654 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A subset of renal cell carcinomas shows TFEB overexpression secondary to MALAT1-TFEB gene fusion. As alternate mechanisms of TFEB overexpression are likely to have the same effect, we sought to determine the frequency of amplification of TFEB and the adjacent VEGFA gene at 6p21.1. As patients with metastatic renal cell carcinomas are managed with anti-VEGF therapies, we retrospectively assessed therapeutic response in patients with amplified tumors. Amplification status was analyzed for 875 renal cell carcinomas from our institution, a consultative case and 794 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Cases were classified as having low level (5-10 copies), and high-level amplification (>10 copies), and were further analyzed for adjacent oncogene copy number status (n=6; 3 single-nucleotide polymorphism genomic microarray, 3 The Cancer Genome Atlas) and structural rearrangements (n=1; mate-pair sequencing). These were then reviewed for histopathology, immunophenotype, and response to VEGF-targeted therapy on follow-up. In all, 10/875 (1.1%) institutional cases, 1 consultative case, and 3/794 (0.4%) of The Cancer Genome Atlas cases showed TFEB high-level amplification, while 14/875 (1.6%) cases showed TFEB low-level amplification. All cases had associated VEGFA amplification. This was confirmed with evaluation for copy number changes (n=6). The 6p21.1 high and low-level amplified tumors occurred in adults (mean age: 66), with over half being ≥pT3 (13/25, 52%), and most showed oncocytic, tubulopapillary features and high grade (≥grade 3: 20/22, 91%). These were aggressive tumors with metastasis and death from renal cell carcinoma in 11 (of 24, 46%) cases. Four patients received targeted therapy and had a mean survival of 31 months (range: 17-50) post nephrectomy. In summary, a group of aggressive renal cell carcinomas show genomic amplification of the 6p21.1 region including TFEB and VEGFA genes and share morphologic features. Additional studies are warranted to determine whether these patients respond to anti-VEGF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sounak Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah H Johnson
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - George Vasmatzis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Binu Porath
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeannette G Rustin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Priya Rao
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - John C Cheville
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - William R Sukov
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Structural basis of Sorcin-mediated calcium-dependent signal transduction. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16828. [PMID: 26577048 PMCID: PMC4649501 DOI: 10.1038/srep16828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorcin is an essential penta-EF hand calcium binding protein, able to confer the multi-drug resistance phenotype to drug-sensitive cancer cells and to reduce Endoplasmic Reticulum stress and cell death. Sorcin silencing blocks cell cycle progression in mitosis and induces cell death by triggering apoptosis. Sorcin participates in the modulation of calcium homeostasis and in calcium-dependent cell signalling in normal and cancer cells. The molecular basis of Sorcin action is yet unknown. The X-ray structures of Sorcin in the apo (apoSor) and in calcium bound form (CaSor) reveal the structural basis of Sorcin action: calcium binding to the EF1-3 hands promotes a large conformational change, involving a movement of the long D-helix joining the EF1-EF2 sub-domain to EF3 and the opening of EF1. This movement promotes the exposure of a hydrophobic pocket, which can accommodate in CaSor the portion of its N-terminal domain displaying the consensus binding motif identified by phage display experiments. This domain inhibits the interaction of sorcin with PDCD6, a protein that carries the Sorcin consensus motif, co-localizes with Sorcin in the perinuclear region of the cell and in the midbody and is involved in the onset of apoptosis.
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Martinez-Useros J, Rodriguez-Remirez M, Borrero-Palacios A, Moreno I, Cebrian A, Gomez del Pulgar T, del Puerto-Nevado L, Vega-Bravo R, Puime-Otin A, Perez N, Zazo S, Senin C, Fernandez-Aceñero MJ, Soengas MS, Rojo F, Garcia-Foncillas J. DEK is a potential marker for aggressive phenotype and irinotecan-based therapy response in metastatic colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:965. [PMID: 25515240 PMCID: PMC4300837 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DEK is a transcription factor involved in stabilization of heterochromatin and cruciform structures. It plays an important role in development and progression of different types of cancer. This study aims to analyze the role of DEK in metastatic colorectal cancer. METHODS Baseline DEK expression was firstly quantified in 9 colorectal cell lines and normal mucosa by WB. SiRNA-mediated DEK inhibition was carried out for transient DEK silencing in DLD1 and SW620 to dissect its role in colorectal cancer aggressiveness. Irinotecan response assays were performed with SN38 over 24 hours and apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry. Ex-vivo assay was carried out with 3 fresh tumour tissues taken from surgical resection and treated with SN38 for 24 hours. DEK expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in 67 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour samples from metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with irinotecan-based therapy as first-line treatment. RESULTS The DEK oncogene is overexpressed in all colorectal cancer cell lines. Knock-down of DEK on DLD1 and SW620 cell lines decreased cell migration and increased irinotecan-induced apoptosis. In addition, low DEK expression level predicted irinotecan-based chemotherapy response in metastatic colorectal cancer patients with KRAS wild-type. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest DEK overexpression as a crucial event for the emergence of an aggressive phenotype in colorectal cancer and its potential role as biomarker for irinotecan response in those patients with KRAS wild-type status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martinez-Useros
- />Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Remirez
- />Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurea Borrero-Palacios
- />Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Moreno
- />Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arancha Cebrian
- />Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Gomez del Pulgar
- />Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura del Puerto-Nevado
- />Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Vega-Bravo
- />Department of Pathology, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Puime-Otin
- />Department of Pathology, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Perez
- />Department of Pathology, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Zazo
- />Department of Pathology, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Senin
- />Department of Oncology, Vigo Hospital, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Maria S Soengas
- />Melanoma Research Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- />Department of Pathology, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
- />Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Lalioti VS, Ilari A, O'Connell DJ, Poser E, Sandoval IV, Colotti G. Sorcin links calcium signaling to vesicle trafficking, regulates Polo-like kinase 1 and is necessary for mitosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85438. [PMID: 24427308 PMCID: PMC3888430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorcin, a protein overexpressed in many multi-drug resistant cancers, dynamically localizes to distinct subcellular sites in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts during cell-cycle progression. During interphase sorcin is in the nucleus, in the plasma membrane, in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae, and in ER-derived vesicles localized along the microtubules. These vesicles are positive to RyR, SERCA, calreticulin and Rab10. At the beginning of mitosis, sorcin-containing vesicles associate with the mitotic spindle, and during telophase are concentrated in the cleavage furrow and, subsequently, in the midbody. Sorcin regulates dimensions and calcium load of the ER vesicles by inhibiting RYR and activating SERCA. Analysis of sorcin interactome reveals calcium-dependent interactions with many proteins, including Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), Aurora A and Aurora B kinases. Sorcin interacts physically with PLK1, is phosphorylated by PLK1 and induces PLK1 autophosphorylation, thereby regulating kinase activity. Knockdown of sorcin results in major defects in mitosis and cytokinesis, increase in the number of rounded polynucleated cells, blockage of cell progression in G2/M, apoptosis and cell death. Sorcin regulates calcium homeostasis and is necessary for the activation of mitosis and cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki S. Lalioti
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC -Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento Biología Celular e Inmunología, Cantoblanco; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Ilari
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, University “Sapienza” P.le A.Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - David J. O'Connell
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elena Poser
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, University “Sapienza” P.le A.Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Ignacio V. Sandoval
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC -Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento Biología Celular e Inmunología, Cantoblanco; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianni Colotti
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, University “Sapienza” P.le A.Moro 5, Rome, Italy
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12
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Inhibition of sorcin reverses multidrug resistance of K562/A02 cells and MCF-7/A02 cells via regulating apoptosis-related proteins. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 72:789-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Mishra R. Biomarkers of oral premalignant epithelial lesions for clinical application. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:578-84. [PMID: 22342569 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is the sixth most common form of cancer worldwide, and the majority of cases occur in India and Southeast Asia. Its major risk factors in the western world include smoking and drinking alcohol, whereas in Asia, it is primarily caused by tobacco/areca nut/betel leaf chewing and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Little is known about this type of cancer despite recent advances in cancer biology. The generally asymptomatic nature of the early oral lesions causes them to remain undetected in many cases. Thus, the disease progresses substantially before the patients seek treatment and is a major contributing factor to the severity of this disease. Therefore, there is a great need to create awareness for its prevention and early diagnosis. The application of advanced molecular biological and biochemical methodologies to elucidate its biomarkers may aid in early detection; however, much more work must be done for this information to be effectively applied in the clinical setting. This review focuses on the need for systematic diagnoses in the early detection of oral cancer using molecular and biochemical approaches, thereby reducing the number of advanced cases in the chewing tobacco-dominated oral cancer population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajakishore Mishra
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Jharkhand, India.
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14
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Maddalena F, Laudiero G, Piscazzi A, Secondo A, Scorziello A, Lombardi V, Matassa DS, Fersini A, Neri V, Esposito F, Landriscina M. Sorcin induces a drug-resistant phenotype in human colorectal cancer by modulating Ca(2+) homeostasis. Cancer Res 2011; 71:7659-69. [PMID: 22052463 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-2172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Ca(2+)-binding protein sorcin regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis and plays a role in the induction of drug resistance in human cancers. Recently, an 18 kDa mitochondrial isoform of sorcin was reported to participate in antiapoptosis in human colorectal cancer (CRC), but information remains lacking about the functional role of the more abundant 22 kDa isoform of sorcin expressed in CRC. We found the 22 kDa isoform to be widely expressed in human CRC cells, whether or not they were drug resistant. Its upregulation in drug-sensitive cells induced resistance to 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan, whereas its downregulation sensitized CRC cells to these chemotherapeutic agents. Sorcin enhances the accumulation of Ca(2+) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), preventing ER stress, and, in support of this function, we found that the 22 kDa isoform of sorcin was upregulated under conditions of ER stress. In contrast, RNAi-mediated silencing of sorcin activated caspase-3, caspase-12, and GRP78/BiP, triggering apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Our findings establish that CRC cells overexpress sorcin as an adaptive mechanism to prevent ER stress and escape apoptosis triggered by chemotherapeutic agents, prompting its further investigation as a novel molecular target to overcome MDR.
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15
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Landriscina M, Laudiero G, Maddalena F, Amoroso MR, Piscazzi A, Cozzolino F, Monti M, Garbi C, Fersini A, Pucci P, Esposito F. Mitochondrial Chaperone Trap1 and the Calcium Binding Protein Sorcin Interact and Protect Cells against Apoptosis Induced by Antiblastic Agents. Cancer Res 2010; 70:6577-86. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Slight modifications of chromatin dynamics can translate into small- and large-scale changes in DNA replication and DNA repair. Similarly, promoter usage and accessibility are tightly dependent on chromatin architecture. Consequently, it is perhaps not surprising that factors controlling chromatin organization are frequently deregulated (directly or indirectly) in cancer cells. DEK is emerging as a novel class of DNA topology modulators that can be both targets and effectors of protumorigenic events. The locus containing DEK at chromosome 6p22.3 is amplified or reorganized in multiple cancer types. In addition, DEK can be subject to a variety of tumor-associated transcriptional and post-translational modifications. In turn, DEK can favor cell transformation, at least in part by inhibiting cell differentiation and premature senescence. More recently, DEK has also been linked to the resistance of malignant cells to apoptotic inducers. Interestingly, a fraction of DEK can also bind RNA and affect alternative splicing, further illustrating the pleiotropic roles that this protein may exert in cancer cells. Here we will summarize the current literature about the regulation and function(s) of DEK as a proto-oncogene. In addition, the translational relevance of DEK as a putative diagnostic marker and candidate for drug development will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Riveiro-Falkenbach
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (Spanish National Cancer Research Centre), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Tripodi D, Quéméner S, Renaudin K, Ferron C, Malard O, Guisle-Marsollier I, Sébille-Rivain V, Verger C, Géraut C, Gratas-Rabbia-Ré C. Gene expression profiling in sinonasal adenocarcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2009; 2:65. [PMID: 19903339 PMCID: PMC2780459 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-2-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinonasal adenocarcinomas are uncommon tumors which develop in the ethmoid sinus after exposure to wood dust. Although the etiology of these tumors is well defined, very little is known about their molecular basis and no diagnostic tool exists for their early detection in high-risk workers. METHODS To identify genes involved in this disease, we performed gene expression profiling using cancer-dedicated microarrays, on nine matched samples of sinonasal adenocarcinomas and non-tumor sinusal tissue. Microarray results were validated by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry on two additional sets of tumors. RESULTS Among the genes with significant differential expression we selected LGALS4, ACS5, CLU, SRI and CCT5 for further exploration. The overexpression of LGALS4, ACS5, SRI, CCT5 and the downregulation of CLU were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was performed for LGALS4 (Galectin 4), ACS5 (Acyl-CoA synthetase) and CLU (Clusterin) proteins: LGALS4 was highly up-regulated, particularly in the most differentiated tumors, while CLU was lost in all tumors. The expression of ACS5, was more heterogeneous and no correlation was observed with the tumor type. CONCLUSION Within our microarray study in sinonasal adenocarcinoma we identified two proteins, LGALS4 and CLU, that were significantly differentially expressed in tumors compared to normal tissue. A further evaluation on a new set of tissues, including precancerous stages and low grade tumors, is necessary to evaluate the possibility of using them as diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Tripodi
- Inserm, UMR 892, Nantes, F-44007, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Médecine et Techniques Médicales, Nantes, F-44000, France
- Service de Médecine du Travail et des Risques Professionnels, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Sylvia Quéméner
- Inserm, UMR 892, Nantes, F-44007, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Médecine et Techniques Médicales, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Karine Renaudin
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Médecine et Techniques Médicales, EA Biométadys, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | | | | | - Isabelle Guisle-Marsollier
- Université de Nantes, UFR Médecine et Techniques Médicales, Plateforme Puces à ADN-OGP, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Véronique Sébille-Rivain
- Université de Nantes, UFR Médecine et Techniques Médicales, Laboratoire de Biomathématiques-Biostatistiques, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Christian Verger
- Consultation des Pathologies Professionnelles, CH Hôtel-Dieu, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Christian Géraut
- Service de Médecine du Travail et des Risques Professionnels, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Catherine Gratas-Rabbia-Ré
- Inserm, UMR 892, Nantes, F-44007, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Médecine et Techniques Médicales, Nantes, F-44000, France
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, F-44093, France
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18
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Deng L, Su T, Leng A, Zhang X, Xu M, Yan L, Gu H, Zhang G. Upregulation of soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein (sorcin) in gastric cancer. Med Oncol 2009; 27:1102-8. [PMID: 19885748 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-009-9342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to identify novel proteins involved in the development of gastric cancer (GC). Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) analysis was adopted to separate the differentially expressed proteins between normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 and GC cell line SGC7901. Western blotting was utilized to validate the increased expression of sorcin in SGC7901; immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate its relationship with clinicopathological features of GC. Twelve differential proteins were identified. Seven proteins were found to be significantly upregulated (≥two-fold), while five proteins were markedly downregulated (≤0.5-fold), in SGC7901 cells. Sorcin was detected by this proteomic approach with a 5.4-fold upregulation in SGC7901. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry confirmed the overexpression of sorcin in GC. Immunohistochemistry showed us that sorcin was overexpressed in 55 samples of GC tissue (55/85, 64.71%) and was related closely to the depth of invasion, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis of GC (P<0.05). The development of GC is regulated by multiple genes. Sorcin will be a novel molecular biomarker for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langmei Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Wise-Draper TM, Morreale RJ, Morris TA, Mintz-Cole RA, Hoskins EE, Balsitis SJ, Husseinzadeh N, Witte DP, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Lambert PF, Wells SI. DEK proto-oncogene expression interferes with the normal epithelial differentiation program. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 174:71-81. [PMID: 19036808 PMCID: PMC2631320 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the DEK gene is associated with multiple human cancers, but its specific roles as a putative oncogene are not well defined. DEK transcription was previously shown to be induced by the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 oncogene via E2F and Rb pathways. Transient DEK overexpression was able to inhibit both senescence and apoptosis in cultured cells. In at least the latter case, this mechanism involved the destabilization of p53 and the decreased expression of p53 target genes. We show here that DEK overexpression disrupts the normal differentiation program in a manner that is independent of either p53 or cell death. DEK expression was distinctly repressed upon the differentiation of cultured primary human keratinocytes, and stable DEK overexpression caused epidermal thickening in an organotypic raft model system. The observed hyperplasia involved a delay in keratinocyte differentiation toward a more undifferentiated state, and expansion of the basal cell compartment was due to increased proliferation, but not apoptosis. These phenotypes were accompanied by elevated p63 expression in the absence of p53 destabilization. In further support of bona fide oncogenic DEK activities, we report here up-regulated DEK protein levels in both human papilloma virus-positive hyperplastic murine skin and a subset of human squamous cell carcinomas. We suggest that DEK up-regulation may contribute to carcinoma development at least in part through increased proliferation and retardation of differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/biosynthesis
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Epithelial Cells/virology
- Epithelium/metabolism
- Epithelium/pathology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Foreskin/cytology
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Hyperplasia/genetics
- Hyperplasia/metabolism
- Hyperplasia/virology
- Keratinocytes/cytology
- Keratinocytes/pathology
- Keratinocytes/virology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins/genetics
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha M Wise-Draper
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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