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Sergi D, Sanz JM, Trentini A, Bonaccorsi G, Angelini S, Castaldo F, Morrone S, Spaggiari R, Cervellati C, Passaro A. HDL-Cholesterol Subfraction Dimensional Distribution Is Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Is Predicted by Visceral Adiposity and Dietary Lipid Intake in Women. Nutrients 2024; 16:1525. [PMID: 38794763 PMCID: PMC11124017 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
HDL-cholesterol quality, including cholesterol distribution in HDL subfractions, is emerging as a key discriminant in dictating the effects of these lipoproteins on cardiovascular health. This study aims at elucidating the relationship between cholesterol distribution in HDL subfractions and CVD risk factors as well as diet quality and energy density in a population of pre- and postmenopausal women. Seventy-two women aged 52 ± 6 years were characterized metabolically and anthropometrically. Serum HDL-C subfractions were quantified using the Lipoprint HDL System. Cholesterol distribution in large HDL subfractions was lower in overweight individuals and study participants with moderate to high estimated CVD risk, hypertension, or insulin resistance. Cholesterol distribution in large, as opposed to small, HDL subfractions correlated negatively with insulin resistance, circulating triglycerides, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). VAT was an independent positive and negative predictor of cholesterol distribution in large and small HDL subfractions, respectively. Furthermore, an increase in energy intake could predict a decrease in cholesterol levels in large HDL subfractions while lipid intake positively predicted cholesterol levels in small HDL subfractions. Cholesterol distribution in HDL subfractions may represent an additional player in shaping CVD risk and a novel potential mediator of the effect of diet on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Gloria Bonaccorsi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Menopause and Osteoporosis Center, University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Sharon Angelini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Fabiola Castaldo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Sara Morrone
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Riccardo Spaggiari
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
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Nasir H, Dutheil F, Ramos I, Guirado T, de Saint-Vincent S, Thivel D, Metz L, Duclos M. Effects of portable pedal machines at work on lipoprotein subfraction profile in sedentary workers - the REMOVE study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:105. [PMID: 38616275 PMCID: PMC11016206 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02098-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour at work is a major cause of atherosclerosis, particularly in tertiary workers. However, no studies have ever assessed the effect of active workstation on lipoprotein subfraction profile. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 12-week portable pedal machines (PPMs) on lipoprotein subfraction profile among healthy sedentary workers. METHODS Healthy administrative workers were randomized into an intervention group using PPMs for 12 weeks or a control group using normal-desk. Lipoprotein subfractions were assessed using Lipoprint® electrophoresis. Main outcomes were explored using mixed models with sensitivity analyses (four models). RESULTS We included 40 participants (43.7 ± 8.6 years old, 100% women, BMI 23.8 ± 3.4 kg/m2; sedentary time at work 7.7 ± 1.8 h/day). Groups did not differ at baseline in any outcomes. 32 participants finished the trial. Changes in lipoprotein subfractions were especially marked for LDL profile. There was an interaction time x group for all parameters related to LDL and their subfractions: total LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.012), LDL particle size (p = 0.027), large LDL subfractions 1 and 2 (p = 0.001), and small dense LDL subfractions 3 to 7 (p = 0.046), using the crude model. The interaction reflects difference in the direction of changes between groups. The LDL particle size significantly increased in the intervention group (from 271.9 ± 2.5 at t0 to 272.8 ± 1.9 Ångström at t1, p = 0.037) while it did not change in the control group (272.5 ± 1.7 at t0 to 271.8 ± 1.5Å at t1, p = 0.52). All interactions were constantly significant whatever the models. Influencing variables were mainly stress at work that was associated with an increase in total LDL-cholesterol (coefficient 3.15, 95CI 0.20 to 6.11 mg/dl, p = 0.038), and BMI that was associated with Large-LDL, Large-HDL, IDL-C and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS Lipoprotein profile was improved after a 12-week PPMs intervention at work in healthy administrative workers. Changes were mainly showed for LDL and LDL subfractions. Lipoprotein profile was worsened by stress at work, BMI and age. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04153214.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hijrah Nasir
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Frederic Dutheil
- CNRS, LaPSCo, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ines Ramos
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, DRCI, Biostatistics, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Terry Guirado
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lore Metz
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- INRAE, UNH, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Exploration, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Khoja A, Andraweera PH, Lassi ZS, Padhani ZA, Ali A, Zheng M, Pathirana MM, Aldridge E, Wittwer MR, Chaudhuri DD, Tavella R, Arstall MA. Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for Premature Coronary Heart Disease (PCHD): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2024; 33:265-280. [PMID: 38365496 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to compare the prevalence of modifiable and non-modifiable coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors among those with premature CHD and healthy individuals. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched (review protocol is registered in PROSPERO CRD42020173216). The quality of studies was assessed using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute tool for cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies. Meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3. Effect sizes for categorical and continuous variables, odds ratio (OR) and mean differences (MD)/standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. RESULTS A total of n=208 primary studies were included in this review. Individuals presenting with premature CHD (PCHD, age ≤65 years) had higher mean body mass index (MD 0.54 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.24, 0.83), total cholesterol (SMD 0.27, 95% CI 0.17, 0.38), triglycerides (SMD 0.50, 95% CI 0.41, 0.60) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD 0.79, 95% CI: -0.91, -0.68) compared with healthy individuals. Individuals presenting with PCHD were more likely to be smokers (OR 2.88, 95% CI 2.51, 3.31), consumed excessive alcohol (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.05, 1.86), had higher mean lipoprotein (a) levels (SMD 0.41, 95% CI 0.28, 0.54), and had a positive family history of CHD (OR 3.65, 95% CI 2.87, 4.66) compared with healthy individuals. Also, they were more likely to be obese (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.32, 1.91), and to have had dyslipidaemia (OR 2.74, 95% CI 2.18, 3.45), hypertension (OR 2.80, 95% CI 2.28, 3.45), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 2.93, 95% CI 2.50, 3.45) compared with healthy individuals. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis confirms current knowledge of risk factors for PCHD, and identifying these early may reduce CHD in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Khoja
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Prabha H Andraweera
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zohra S Lassi
- The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zahra A Padhani
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna Ali
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maleesa M Pathirana
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emily Aldridge
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Melanie R Wittwer
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Debajyoti D Chaudhuri
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rosanna Tavella
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Margaret A Arstall
- Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Medical Specialties, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Liu H, Wang F, Xia H, Pan D, Yang L, Wang S, Zhao F, Sun G. Comparison of the effects of 3 kinds of oils rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on glycolipid metabolism and lipoprotein subfractions. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023; 12:2221-2231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2024]
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Faresjö Å, Karlsson JE, Segerberg H, Lebena A, Faresjö T. Cardiovascular and psychosocial risks among patients below age 50 with acute myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:121. [PMID: 36890430 PMCID: PMC9996997 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite improvements in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease since the 1960s, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases among young people has remained the same for many years. This study aimed to compare the clinical and psychosocial attributes of young persons affected by myocardial infarction under the age of 50 years compared to middle-aged myocardial infarction patients 51-65 years old. METHODS Data from patients with a documented STEMI or NSTEMI elevated acute myocardial infarction in the age groups up to 65 years, were collected from cardiology clinics at three hospitals in southeast Sweden. The Stressheart study comprised a total of 213 acute myocardial infarction patients, of which n = 33 (15.5%) were under 50 years of age and n = 180 (84.5%) were middle-aged, (51-65 years). These acute myocardial infarction patients filled in a questionnaire at discharge from the hospital and further information through documentation of data in their medical records. RESULTS Blood pressure was significantly higher in young compared to middle-aged patients. For diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.003), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.028), and mean arterial pressure (p = 0.005). Young AMI patients had a higher (p = 0.030) body mass index (BMI) than the middle-aged. Young AMI patients were reported to be more stressed (p = 0.042), had more frequently experienced a serious life event the previous year (p = 0.029), and felt less energetic (p = 0.044) than middle-aged AMI patients. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that persons under the age of 50 affected by acute myocardial infarction exhibit traditional cardiovascular risk factors like high blood pressure, and higher BMI, and were more exposed to some psychosocial risk factors. The risk profile of young persons under age 50 affected by AMI was in these respects more exaugurated than for middle-aged persons with AMI. This study underlines the importance of the early discovery of those at increased risk and encourages preventative actions to focus on both clinical and psychosocial risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åshild Faresjö
- Department of Health, Medicine and Care, General Practice, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Karlsson
- Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Care, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Henrik Segerberg
- Department of Health, Medicine and Care, General Practice, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andrea Lebena
- Department of Health, Medicine and Care, General Practice, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tomas Faresjö
- Department of Health, Medicine and Care, General Practice, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
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Liu Q, Shi RJ, Zhang YM, Cheng YH, Yang BS, Zhang YK, Huang BT, Chen M. Risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes of premature acute myocardial infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1012095. [PMID: 36531702 PMCID: PMC9747765 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1012095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the risk factors, clinical features, and prognostic factors of patients with premature acute myocardial infarction (AMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study of patients with AMI included in data from the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2011 to 2019 was divided into premature AMI (aged < 55 years in men and < 65 years in women) and non-premature AMI. Patients' demographics, laboratory tests, Electrocardiography (ECG), cardiac ultrasound, and coronary angiography reports were collected. All-cause death after incident premature MI was enumerated as the primary endpoint. RESULTS Among all 8,942 AMI cases, 2,513 were premature AMI (79.8% men). Compared to the non-premature AMI group, risk factors such as smoking, dyslipidemia, overweight, obesity, and a family history of coronary heart disease (CHD) were more prevalent in the premature AMI group. The cumulative survival rate of patients in the premature AMI group was significantly better than the non-premature AMI group during a mean follow-up of 4.6 years (HR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.22-0.32, p < 0.001). Low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (Adjusted HR 3.00, 95% CI 1.85-4.88, P < 0.001), peak N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level (Adjusted HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.18-1.52, P < 0.001) and the occurrence of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) (Adjusted HR 2.36, 95% CI 1.45-3.85, P = 0.001) were predictors of poor prognosis in premature AMI patients. CONCLUSION AMI in young patients is associated with unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Low LVEF, elevated NT-proBNP peak level, and the occurrence of in-hospital MACCEs were predictors of poor prognosis in premature AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bao-Tao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wienbergen H, Boakye D, Günther K, Schmucker J, Mata Marín LA, Kerniss H, Nagrani R, Struß L, Rühle S, Retzlaff T, Fach A, Osteresch R, Hambrecht R, Ahrens W. Lifestyle and metabolic risk factors in patients with early-onset myocardial infarction: a case-control study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:2076-2087. [PMID: 35776839 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Family history is a known risk factor for early-onset myocardial infarction (EOMI). However, the role of modifiable lifestyle and metabolic factors in EOMI risk is unclear and may differ from that of older adults. METHODS This case-control study included myocardial infarction (MI) patients aged ≤45 years from the Bremen ST-elevation MI Registry and matched controls randomly selected from the general population (German National Cohort) at the same geographical region. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the individual and combined associations of lifestyle and metabolic factors with EOMI risk, overall and according to family history for premature MI. RESULTS A total of 522 cases and 1191 controls were included. Hypertension, current smoking, elevated waist-to-hip ratio, and diabetes mellitus were strongly associated with the occurrence of EOMI. By contrast, higher frequency of alcohol consumption was associated with decreased EOMI risk. In a combined analysis of the risk factors hypertension, current smoking, body mass index ≥25.0 kg/sqm, and diabetes mellitus, participants having one (OR = 5.4, 95%CI = 2.9-10.1) and two or more risk factors (OR = 42.3, 95%CI = 22.3-80.4) had substantially higher odds of EOMI compared to those with none of these risk factors, regardless of their family history. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a strong association of smoking and metabolic risk factors with the occurrence of EOMI. The data suggest that the risk of EOMI goes beyond family history and underlines the importance of primary prevention efforts to reduce smoking and metabolic syndrome in young persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm Wienbergen
- Bremen Institute for Heart and Circulation Research (BIHKF) at the Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany.,Lübeck University Heart Center, Medical Clinic II, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Daniel Boakye
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Günther
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schmucker
- Bremen Institute for Heart and Circulation Research (BIHKF) at the Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany
| | - Luis Alberto Mata Marín
- Bremen Institute for Heart and Circulation Research (BIHKF) at the Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hatim Kerniss
- Bremen Institute for Heart and Circulation Research (BIHKF) at the Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rajini Nagrani
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Luise Struß
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stephan Rühle
- Bremen Institute for Heart and Circulation Research (BIHKF) at the Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tina Retzlaff
- Bremen Institute for Heart and Circulation Research (BIHKF) at the Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fach
- Bremen Institute for Heart and Circulation Research (BIHKF) at the Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rico Osteresch
- Bremen Institute for Heart and Circulation Research (BIHKF) at the Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rainer Hambrecht
- Bremen Institute for Heart and Circulation Research (BIHKF) at the Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Hong L, Han Y, Deng C, Chen A. Correlation between atherogenic index of plasma and coronary artery disease in males of different ages: a retrospective study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:440. [PMID: 36210443 PMCID: PMC9549698 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) as a newly discovered blood lipid parameter was shown to be strongly correlated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the blood lipid levels changed with age, so we speculated that the correlation between AIP and CAD was also affected by age.
Methods A retrospective study was performed on male patients with confirmed or suspected CAD who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) from July 2017 to March 2021. Patients were divided into younger, middle early, middle late, and elderly groups. Patients in each age group were further divided into the non-coronary artery disease (n-CAD) and CAD subgroups according to the CAG diagnostic results. The relationship between blood lipid parameters and CAD was assessed in each age group. Results Age-dependent changes of blood lipid levels were mainly found in CAD patients but not in n-CAD patients. With increased age, the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and AIP were gradually decreased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was increased in CAD patients. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that AIP was an independent risk factor for CAD in middle early (OR 2.601; CI 1.160–5.832, P = 0.02) and middle late age group (OR 2.707, CI 1.201–6.100, P = 0.016), but not in the younger and elderly groups. LDL-C was an independent risk factor for CAD in all age groups. The areas under curve of AIP for detecting CAD in the middle early and middle late age groups were not higher than that of other blood lipid parameters. Conclusion Although this was a single-center study for males only, the correlation between AIP level and CAD risk was age-dependent. AIP was an independent risk factor for CAD in the middle-aged groups. However, the predictive value of AIP for detecting CAD was not better than that of the traditional blood lipid parameters such as LDL-C.
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The profile of HDL-C subfractions and their association with cardiovascular risk in the Hungarian general and Roma populations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10915. [PMID: 35764677 PMCID: PMC9240088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is not a homogenous lipid fraction, but it can be further divided into subfractions. It is well-known that the Roma population has a high prevalence of reduced HDL-C levels and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, it is unknown how this reduction affects different HDL subfractions, and whether changes in their quantity/representation are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk among them. In the present study, the HDL subfraction profile of the Hungarian general (HG) and the Roma populations were compared, and the subfractions showing a significant difference between the two populations were identified. The association of HDL subfractions with CVD risk estimated by the Framingham risk score (FRS) and the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) algorithms were also defined. The present study is the first to find a significant association between HDL subfractions and cardiovascular risk estimated by FRS and SCORE. Ten HDL subfractions were investigated on small but carefully selected samples comprising 100 control subjects (with normal lipid profile) and 277 case subjects (with reduced HDL-C levels) from HG and Roma populations of a complex health survey. The level of HDL-1 to 3 subfractions and HDL-L showed a significant inverse association with cardiovascular risk estimated by both SCORE and FRS algorithms, whereas HDL-4 to 6 and HDL-I only for FRS. A higher representation (in %) of HDL-1 to 3 has a significant risk-reducing effect, while HDL-8 to 10 has a risk-increasing effect estimated by FRS. Our results confirmed that reduced levels of HDL-6 and -7 expressed in mmol/L were significantly associated with Roma ethnicity.
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Causes, Angiographic Characteristics, and Management of Premature Myocardial Infarction: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 79:2431-2449. [PMID: 35710195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the proportion of young individuals has increased in recent years. Although coronary atherosclerosis is less extensive in young patients with AMI, with higher prevalence of single-vessel disease and rare left main involvement, the long-term prognosis is not benign. Young patients with AMI with obstructive coronary artery disease have similar risk factors as older patients except for higher prevalence of smoking, lipid disorders, and family history of premature coronary artery disease, and lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Smoking cessation is by far the most effective secondary preventive measure. Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries is a relatively common clinical entity (10%-20%) among young patients with AMI, with intravascular and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging being key for diagnosis and potentially treatment. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a frequent pathogenetic mechanism of AMI among young women, requiring a high degree of suspicion, especially in the peripartum period.
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Chung GE, Cho EJ, Yoo JJ, Chang Y, Cho Y, Park SH, Han K, Jeong SM, Yoon KW, Shin DW, Yu SJ, Kim YJ, Yoon JH. Young adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, defined using the fatty liver index, can be at increased risk of myocardial infarction or stroke. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:465-472. [PMID: 34726318 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular events among a nationally representative sample of young adults in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS This population-based cohort study from the Korean National Health Insurance Service included adults who were aged 20 to 39 years when they underwent a health examination between 2009 and 2012. NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥60, and participants were divided into three groups according to FLI (<30, 30-59 and ≥60) to investigate the dose-dependent effect of FLI score. Among 5 324 410 participants, 9.8% had an FLI ≥60. There were 13 051 myocardial infarctions (MIs; 0.39%) and 8573 strokes (0.26%) during a median follow-up of 8.4 years. In multivariable analysis, NAFLD was associated with a higher risk of MI and stroke (hazard ratio [HR] 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61-1.77 and HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.63-1.84, respectively). MI and stroke had dose-dependent relationships with FLI (HR 1.28 in participants with FLI 30-59 and 1.73 in those with FLI ≥60 for MI and HR 1.18 in participants with FLI 30-59 and 1.41 in those with FLI ≥60 for stroke, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Nonalcholic fatty liver disease was an independent predictor of MI and stroke in young adults. These results suggest that primary prevention of cardiovascular disease should be emphasized in young adults with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goh Eun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Centre, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ju Yoo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Cho
- Centre for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Centre, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Jeong
- Department of Family Medicine/Supportive Care Centre, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Wan Yoon
- Department of Biotechnology, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine/Supportive Care Centre, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation/Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jong Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Bermudez-Lopez M, Perpiñan H, Amigo N, Castro E, Alonso N, Mauricio D, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM. Advanced lipoprotein parameters could better explain atheromatosis in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients. Clin Kidney J 2021; 14:2591-2599. [PMID: 34950470 PMCID: PMC8690051 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have a high burden of atheromatous cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) not fully explained by traditional lipid parameters. Lipoprotein composition and subclass particle number information could improve ASCVD risk assessment. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of advanced lipoprotein parameters with the risk of atheromatosis in a subpopulation of the NEFRONA study. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in 395 non-diabetic individuals (209 CKD and 186 non-diabetic and non-CKD) without statin therapy. Vascular ultrasound examination assessing 10 territories was combined with advanced lipoprotein testing performed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) per 1 standard deviation increment. Results Atheromatosis was more prevalent in CKD patients (33.9% versus 64.6%). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking habit and CKD stage, the amount of triglycerides (TGs) within low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lipoproteins was independently and positively associated with atheromatosis [OR 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.74; P = 0.03]. Similarly, total and medium LDL particles (LDL-Ps) showed a positive association (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.00–1.68; P = 0.05 and OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.04–1.75; P = 0.03, respectively). TG-loaded medium LDL-Ps were higher in CKD patients compared with controls and showed an adjusted OR of 1.40 (95% CI 1.09–1.82; P = 0.01) in non-diabetic patients (CKD and non-CKD individuals). In contrast, non-diabetic CKD patients showed a similar coefficient but the significance was lost (OR 1.2; 95% CI 0.8–1.7; P = 0.359). Conclusions Non-diabetic CKD patients showed a higher amount of TG-loaded medium LDL-Ps compared with controls. These particles were independently associated with atheromatosis in non-diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Bermudez-Lopez
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Spanish Research Network for Renal Diseases (REDINREN del ISCIII), IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Hector Perpiñan
- Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut Pública, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Eva Castro
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Spanish Research Network for Renal Diseases (REDINREN del ISCIII), IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Nuria Alonso
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvira Fernandez
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Spanish Research Network for Renal Diseases (REDINREN del ISCIII), IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jose M Valdivielso
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Spanish Research Network for Renal Diseases (REDINREN del ISCIII), IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
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13
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Gao J, Yang YN, Cui Z, Feng SY, Ma J, Li CP, Liu Y. Pcsk9 is associated with severity of coronary artery lesions in male patients with premature myocardial infarction. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:56. [PMID: 34044829 PMCID: PMC8161665 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (Pcsk9) correlated with incidence and prognosis of coronary heart disease. However, it is unclear whether Pcsk9 contributed to coronary artery lesion severity in patients with premature myocardial infarction (PMI). The present study investigated associations between Pcsk9 and coronary artery lesion severity in PMI patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG). METHODS This prospective cohort study included young men (age ≤ 45 years, n = 332) with acute MI who underwent CAG between January 2017 and July 2019. Serum Pcsk9 levels and clinical characteristics were evaluated. SYNTAX scores (SYNergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with [paclitaxel-eluting] TAXUS stent and cardiac surgery) were calculated to quantify coronary artery lesions. RESULTS Serum Pcsk9 levels were positively associated with SYNTAX scores (r = 0.173, P < 0.05). The diagnostic cutoff value of PSCK9 level was 122.9 ng/mL, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.63, sensitivity 81%, and specificity 40%. Serum Pcsk9, LDL-C, Apob, NT-proBnp, CK level, and diabetes history were independent predictors of high SYNTAX scores (P < 0.05). After stratifying by serum LDL-C level (cutoff = 2.6 mmol/L), medium-high Pcsk9 levels had increased risk of high SYNTAX scores in patients with high LDL-C (P < 0.05), and higher serum Pcsk9 levels had increased risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after adjusting for confounding factors (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Serum Pcsk9 levels correlates with severity of coronary artery lesion in PMI patients and may serve as a biomarker for severity of coronary artery stenosis in this patient population, which may contribute to risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, No.92 Weijin Road Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
- Thoracic Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qi xiang tai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, P.R. China
- Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No.261 Tai erzhuang Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Yang
- Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qi xiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, P.R. China
| | - Zhuang Cui
- Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qi xiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, P.R. China
| | - Si-Yuan Feng
- Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qi xiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No.261 Tai erzhuang Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Ping Li
- Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qi xiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, P.R. China.
| | - Yin Liu
- Thoracic Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qi xiang tai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, P.R. China.
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No.261 Tai erzhuang Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, P.R. China.
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14
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Montero D, Dutheil F, Walther G, Perez-Martin A, Soto-Esclapez L, Vinet A, Roche E. Changes in the profile of circulating HDL subfractions in severe obese adolescents following a weight reduction program. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1586-1593. [PMID: 33810960 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Epidemiological studies show that obese adolescents are candidates to suffer cardiovascular pathologies in adulthood. In order to detect subfractions with a diagnostic value for future cardiovascular disorders, we analyzed the complete lipoprotein profile of severely obese adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-eight obese adolescents free from comorbidities were admitted into a weight reduction program. Anthropometric parameters were monitored. The circulating lipoproteins and glycemia were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study by conventional blood analysis as well as by using lipoprotein electrophoresis. Twenty-one puberty-matched normal-weight adolescents were recruited as controls. After 4 months, participants improved anthropometric parameters. Blood analysis indicated that circulating lipoproteins were in the healthy range during intervention. Nevertheless, results obtained from lipoprotein electrophoresis showed a significant increase in the large high-density lipoprotein subfraction in the obese population at the end of intervention, but significantly lower than normal-weight counterparts. In addition, intermediate- and low-density lipoprotein subfractions were in the healthy range in controls and in obese adolescents during intervention. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, it seems that the obese adolescents with no comorbidities do not develop a clear dyslipidemia. However, low values of large high-density lipoprotein subfractions could be considered as candidate predictors to develop cardiovascular disease in the future. For this reason, diet and exercise are key tools to fight against this pathology. REGISTRATION NUMBER FOR CLINICAL TRIALS ISRCTN99414527.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Montero
- LaPEC, Faculty of Sciences, University of Avignon, France; Institute of Bioengineering and Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, University Miguel Hernandez, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological conditions (AME2P, EA3533), Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Sport Medicine and Functional Exploration, University Hospital CHU G. Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Occupational Medicine, University Hospital CHU G. Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Laura Soto-Esclapez
- Institute of Bioengineering and Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, University Miguel Hernandez, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Agnès Vinet
- LaPEC, Faculty of Sciences, University of Avignon, France
| | - Enrique Roche
- Institute of Bioengineering and Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, University Miguel Hernandez, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Dugani SB, Moorthy MV, Li C, Demler OV, Alsheikh-Ali AA, Ridker PM, Glynn RJ, Mora S. Association of Lipid, Inflammatory, and Metabolic Biomarkers With Age at Onset for Incident Coronary Heart Disease in Women. JAMA Cardiol 2021; 6:437-447. [PMID: 33471027 PMCID: PMC7818181 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.7073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Importance Risk profiles for premature coronary heart disease (CHD) are unclear. Objective To examine baseline risk profiles for incident CHD in women by age at onset. Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective cohort of US female health professionals participating in the Women's Health Study was conducted; median follow-up was 21.4 years. Participants included 28 024 women aged 45 years or older without known cardiovascular disease. Baseline profiles were obtained from April 30, 1993, to January 24, 1996, and analyses were conducted from October 1, 2017, to October 1, 2020. Exposures More than 50 clinical, lipid, inflammatory, and metabolic risk factors and biomarkers. Main Outcomes and Measures Four age groups were examined (<55, 55 to <65, 65 to <75, and ≥75 years) for CHD onset, and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were calculated using stratified Cox proportional hazard regression models with age as the time scale and adjusting for clinical factors. Women contributed to different age groups over time. Results Of the clinical factors in the women, diabetes had the highest aHR for CHD onset at any age, ranging from 10.71 (95% CI, 5.57-20.60) at CHD onset in those younger than 55 years to 3.47 (95% CI, 2.47-4.87) at CHD onset in those 75 years or older. Risks that were also noted for CHD onset in participants younger than 55 years included metabolic syndrome (aHR, 6.09; 95% CI, 3.60-10.29), hypertension (aHR, 4.58; 95% CI, 2.76-7.60), obesity (aHR, 4.33; 95% CI, 2.31-8.11), and smoking (aHR, 3.92; 95% CI, 2.32-6.63). Myocardial infarction in a parent before age 60 years was associated with 1.5- to 2-fold risk of CHD in participants up to age 75 years. From approximately 50 biomarkers, lipoprotein insulin resistance had the highest standardized aHR: 6.40 (95% CI, 3.14-13.06) for CHD onset in women younger than 55 years, attenuating with age. In comparison, weaker but significant associations with CHD in women younger than 55 years were noted (per SD increment) for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (aHR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.10-1.74), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (aHR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.36-2.04), apolipoprotein B (aHR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.52-2.35), triglycerides (aHR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.72-2.67), and inflammatory biomarkers (1.2- to 1.8-fold)-all attenuating with age. Some biomarkers had similar CHD age associations (eg, physical inactivity, lipoprotein[a], total high-density lipoprotein particles), while a few had no association with CHD onset at any age. Most risk factors and biomarkers had associations that attenuated with increasing age at onset. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, diabetes and insulin resistance, in addition to hypertension, obesity, and smoking, appeared to be the strongest risk factors for premature onset of CHD. Most risk factors had attenuated relative rates at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar B Dugani
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - M Vinayaga Moorthy
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chunying Li
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olga V Demler
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alawi A Alsheikh-Ali
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert J Glynn
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Yanase T, Sakakura K, Taniguchi Y, Yamamoto K, Tsukui T, Seguchi M, Wada H, Momomura SI, Fujita H. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Acute Myocardial Infarction Between Young (< 55 Years) and Older (55 to < 70 Years) Patients. Int Heart J 2021; 62:33-41. [PMID: 33518663 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been decreasing in the elderly, it has been increasing in the young, especially in Japan. A social impact of AMI would be greater in the young, because loss of the young directly influences social activities such as business, child-raising, and tax payment. The aim of this study was to identify the specific characteristics of young AMI patients. We retrospectively included 408 consecutive AMI patients < 70 years of age, divided into a young group (< 55 years: n = 136) and an older group (55 to < 70 years: n = 272). The prevalence of overweight was greater in the young group (58.5%) than in the older group (40.7%) (P = 0.001). The frequency of current smokers was higher in the young group (67.6%) than in the older group (44.9%) (P < 0.001). Although the prevalence of hypertension was lower in the young group (66.7%) than in the older group (77.2%) (P = 0.017), that of untreated hypertension was greater in the young group (40.4%) than in the older group (27.2%) (P = 0.007). Furthermore, the prevalence of untreated dyslipidemia was greater in the young group (45.0%) than in the older group (26.6%) (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the young AMI patients had more modifiable risk factors such as obesity, smoking, untreated hypertension, and untreated dyslipidemia than the older patients. There is an unmet medical need for the prevention of AMI in the young generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonobu Yanase
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University
| | - Kenichi Sakakura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University
| | - Yousuke Taniguchi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University
| | - Takunori Tsukui
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University
| | - Masaru Seguchi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University
| | - Shin-Ichi Momomura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University
| | - Hideo Fujita
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University
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17
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Li T, Zhang Y, Cong H. Effect of PCSK9 inhibitor on lipoprotein particles in patients with acute coronary syndromes. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:19. [PMID: 33413096 PMCID: PMC7789487 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor (evolocumab) on lipoprotein particles subfractions with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Methods A total of 99 consecutive patients with ACS were enrolled and assigned to either the experimental group (n = 54) or the control group (n = 45). The combination therapy of PCSK9 inhibitor (Repatha®, 140 mg, q2w) and moderate statin (Rosuvastatin, 10 mg, qn) was administered in the experimental group, with statin monotherapy (Rosuvastatin, 10 mg, qn) in the control group. The therapeutic effects on lipoprotein particle subfractions were assessed with NMR spectroscopy after 8 weeks treatment, and the achievement of LDL-C therapeutic target in both groups were analyzed. Results In the experimental group, after 8 weeks of evolocumab combination treatment, the concentrations of blood lipids (TC, LDL-C and its subfractions [LDL-1 to 6], VLDL-C and its subfractions [VLDL-1 to 5], IDL-C, and HDL-C), lipoprotein particles, and their subfractions [VLDL-P, IDL-P, LDL-P, and its subfractions [LDL-P1 to 6], apoB, and LP(a)] demonstrated therapeutic benefits with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The decrease in total LDL-P concentrations was mainly due to a decreased concentration of small-sized LDL particles (LDL-P 5 + 6), which was significantly more prominent than the decrease in medium-sized LDL-P (LDL-P3 + 4) and large-sized LDL-P (LDL-P1 + 2) (P < 0.001). According to lipid control target recommended by the latest China Cholesterol Education Program Expert Consensus in 2019, after 8 weeks treatment, 96.3% patients in the experimental group and 13.3% in the control group had achieved the LDL-C therapeutic target (P < 0.01). Conclusions Evolocumab combination treatment for 8 weeks significantly improves the plasma lipid profiles in ACS patients, and significantly decrease the concentration of lipoprotein particles which might contribute to the pathonesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Tianjin Medical University, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261 Taierzhuang South Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongliang Cong
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261 Taierzhuang South Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China.
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18
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Liou L, Kaptoge S. Association of small, dense LDL-cholesterol concentration and lipoprotein particle characteristics with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241993. [PMID: 33166340 PMCID: PMC7652325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to systematically collate and appraise the available evidence regarding the associations between small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) and incident coronary heart disease (CHD), focusing on cholesterol concentration (sdLDL-C) and sdLDL particle characteristics (presence, density, and size). BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) has been hypothesized to induce atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the etiological relevance of lipoprotein particle size (sdLDL) versus cholesterol content (sdLDL-C) remains unclear. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE were systematically searched for studies published before February 2020. CHD associations were based on quartile comparisons in eight studies of sdLDL-C and were based on binary categorization in fourteen studies of sdLDL particle size. Reported hazards ratios (HR) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were standardized and pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model. RESULTS Data were collated from 21 studies with a total of 30,628 subjects and 5,693 incident CHD events. The average age was 67 years, and 53% were men. Higher sdLDL and sdLDL-C levels were both significantly associated with higher risk of CHD. The pooled estimate for the high vs. low categorization of sdLDL was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.52) and 1.07 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.12) for comparing the top quartiles versus the bottom of sdLDL-C. Several studies suggested a dose response relationship. CONCLUSIONS The findings show a positive association between sdLDL or sdLDL-C levels and CHD, which is supported by an increasing body of genetic evidence in favor of its causality as an etiological risk factor. Thus, the results support sdLDL and sdLDL-C as a risk marker, but further research is required to establish sdLDL or sdLDL-C as a potential therapeutic marker for incident CHD risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lathan Liou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Kaptoge
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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19
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Effects of Pitavastatin on Lipoprotein Subfractions and Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein in Patients with Atherosclerosis. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:879-884. [PMID: 33123903 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that pitavastatin can significantly reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C), but its impact on lipoprotein subfractions and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) has not been determined. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effects of pitavastatin on subfractions of LDL and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as well as oxLDL in untreated patients with coronary atherosclerosis (AS). Thirty-six subjects were enrolled in this study. Of them, 18 patients with AS were administered pitavastatin 2 mg/day for 8 weeks and 18 healthy subjects without therapy served as controls. The plasma lipid profile, lipoprotein subfractions and circulating oxLDL were determined at baseline and 8 weeks respectively. The results showed that pitavastatin treatment indeed not only decreased LDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels, and increased HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), but also reduced the cholesterol concentration of all of the LDL subfractions and the percentage of intermediate and small LDL subfractions. Meanwhile, pitavastatin could decrease plasma oxLDL levels. Furthermore, a more close correlation was found between oxLDL and LDL-C as well as LDL subfractions after pitavastatin treatment. We concluded that a moderate dose of pitavastatin therapy not only decreases LDL-C and oxLDL concentrations but also improves LDL subfractions in patients with AS.
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Bajer B, Rádiková Ž, Havranová A, Žitňanová I, Vlček M, Imrich R, Sabaka P, Bendžala M, Penesová A. Effect of 8-weeks intensive lifestyle intervention on LDL and HDL subfractions. Obes Res Clin Pract 2019; 13:586-593. [PMID: 31806470 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherogenic dyslipidemia is a cardinal feature of obesity and the metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Many interventional studies, describing the influence of weight loss on cardiometabolic risks, are bariatric surgery studies. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of intensive lifestyle changes on LDL- and HDL-cholesterol subfractions and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese subjects. METHODS A group of 41 patients with obesity (11M/30F; 44.1±12.4 years; BMI 30.2±6.3kg/m2) participated in an 8-week weight loss interventional program (NCT02325804), consisting of caloric intake reduced by 30% and physical activity (150min/week). Insulin sensitivity was evaluated according to the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and physical fitness was measured using bicycle ergometry. Lipid subfractions were measured using the Lipoprint system (Quantimetrix Corp., CA, USA). RESULTS After the intervention, body weight was reduced by 5.4±4.5kg, as well as body fat mass and waist circumference. Physical fitness improved, systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as heart rate decreased after the intervention. Insulin sensitivity improved after the intervention. Total, LDL, HDL cholesterol, as well as triglycerides decreased after the intervention. Regarding the lipoprotein subfractions, LDL2 and small HDL subfractions decreased, while others have not changed. CONCLUSION Eight weeks of diet and physical activity intervention led to weight and fat mass loss and induced improvement of insulin sensitivity, as well as atheroprotective changes of lipid profile. However, the weight loss associated changes in cholesterol subfractions as cardiovascular risk biomarkers deserve further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bajer
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Žofia Rádiková
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Havranová
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Žitňanová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Vlček
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Richard Imrich
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Sabaka
- Department of Infectology and Geographic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Bendžala
- Department of Infectology and Geographic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adela Penesová
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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21
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Tea V, Danchin N, Puymirat E. [Myocardial infarction in young patient: Epidemiological specificities and risk factors]. Presse Med 2019; 48:1383-1386. [PMID: 31327544 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no precise definition of premature coronary artery disease, which is reported most often before the age of 40-50 years. The majority of these patients have at least one of the following three risk factors : male sex, active smoking, and/or premature coronary artery disease. In 2/3 cases, young patients have a ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Cases of coronary dissection are also reported (especially in women in 40aine). There is no specific management. The long-term prognosis is most often pejorative because of a progressive atheroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Tea
- Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), université Paris Descartes, hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, département de cardiologie, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Danchin
- Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), université Paris Descartes, hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, département de cardiologie, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Puymirat
- Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), université Paris Descartes, hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, département de cardiologie, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
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22
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Particularities of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults. JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/jce-2019-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Coronary heart disease occurs more often in patients over the age of 45. However, recent data shows a growing incidence of coronary events in younger patients also. Young patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) represent a relatively small proportion of subjects suffering from an acute ischemic event. However, they represent a subset that is distinguished from elderly patients by a different profile of risk factors, often atypical clinical presentation, and different prognosis. The prevalence of risk factors such as smoking, dyslipidemia, and a family history of coronary events is higher in this group of patients compared to the general population with AMI. Because of an important negative impact on the patients’ psychology, impaired working abilities, and a high socioeconomical burden, myocardial infarction in young patients represents an important cardiovascular pathology. This manuscript aims to present the particularities of AMI occuring at a young age, in comparison with the rest of the population with AMI.
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23
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Distribution of Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and Lipoprotein Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) across Lipoprotein Subclasses in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1752940. [PMID: 30524650 PMCID: PMC6247389 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1752940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) may exert an important protective role by preventing the oxidative transformation of high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL, respectively). The activity of both enzymes is influenced by lipidome and proteome of the lipoprotein carriers. T2DM typically presents significant changes in the molecular composition of the lipoprotein subclasses. Thus, it becomes relevant to understand the interaction of PON1 and Lp-PLA2 with the subspecies of HDL, LDL, and other lipoproteins in T2DM. Serum levels of PON1-arylesterase and PON1-lactonase and Lp-PLA2 activities and lipoprotein subclasses were measured in 202 nondiabetic subjects (controls) and 92 T2DM outpatients. Arylesterase, but not lactonase or Lp-PLA2 activities, was inversely associated with TD2M after adjusting for potential confounding factors such as age, sex, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, and lipoprotein subclasses (odds ratio = 3.389, 95% confidence interval 1.069–14.756). Marked difference between controls and T2DM subjects emerged from the analyses of the associations of the three enzyme activities and lipoprotein subclasses. Arylesterase was independently related with large HDL-C and small intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol (IDL-C) in controls while, along with lactonase, it was related with small low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C, all IDL-C subspecies, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) in T2DM (p < 0.05 for all). Concerning Lp-PLA2, there were significant relationships with small LDL-C, large IDL-C, and VLDL-C only among T2DM subjects. Our study showed that T2DM subjects have lower levels of PON1-arylesterase compared to controls and that T2DM occurrence may coincide with a shift of PON1 and Lp-PLA2 towards the more proatherogenic lipoprotein subclasses. The possibility of a link between the two observed phenomena requires further investigations.
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24
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Winter MP, Wiesbauer F, Blessberger H, Pavo N, Sulzgruber P, Huber K, Wojta J, Distelmaier K, Lang IM, Goliasch G. Lipid profile and long-term outcome in premature myocardial infarction. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e13008. [PMID: 30062727 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature myocardial infarction (≤40 years) represents a rare disease with a distinct risk factor profile and a lipid phenotype that is characterized by a predominance of elevated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. So far high-density and low-density lipoproteins remain the primary targets for risk stratification and treatment evaluation in coronary artery disease, but this strategy might be insensitive in patients with premature myocardial infarction. AIM Aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of different lipid fractions on long-term cardiovascular outcome in patients with premature myocardial infarction. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 102 consecutive AMI survivors (≤40 years) in this prospective multicentre study and investigated the influence of the familial combined hypercholesterolaemia phenotype and a corresponding multimarker panel of different lipid fractions on cardiovascular outcome. RESULTS Total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, remnant cholesterol and Apo B lipoprotein were significantly higher in patients experiencing MACE as compared to those who did not. The familial combined hypercholesterolaemia phenotype was associated with an unfavourable cardiovascular outcome even after adjustment for potential cofounders (adjusted HR 3.04,95% CI, 1.26-7.34, P = 0.013). Remnant cholesterol revealed the strongest association with MACE (adj.HR 1.94, 95%CI. 1.30-2.99, P = 0.001). Interestingly LDL and HDL revealed no significant impact on cardiovascular outcome in this study cohort. CONCLUSION Non-HDL and remnant cholesterol are strongly associated with an unfavourable outcome in patients with premature myocardial infarction and might be the preferred treatment target for lipid-lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max-Paul Winter
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Wiesbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Blessberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, Linz General Hospital, Johannes Kepler University School of Medicine, Linz, Austria
| | - Noemi Pavo
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Sulzgruber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- Third Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.,Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Distelmaier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene M Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Goliasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Pichler G, Amigo N, Tellez-Plaza M, Pardo-Cea M, Dominguez-Lucas A, Marrachelli V, Monleon D, Martin-Escudero J, Ascaso J, Chaves F, Carmena R, Redon J. LDL particle size and composition and incident cardiovascular disease in a South-European population: The Hortega-Liposcale Follow-up Study. Int J Cardiol 2018; 264:172-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Gao M, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Qin L, Zhang W, Zheng Y. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Young Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Am J Med Sci 2018; 355:544-552. [PMID: 29891037 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few published studies of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in younger individuals. The differences between these "younger" and "older" individuals may not be fully appreciated by clinicians. The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for the earlier presentation and help to identify strategies for prevention of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) in younger patients. METHODS The study population was a cohort of 2,419 consecutive STEMI patients who were treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The median follow-up time of this retrospective study was 2.2 years. RESULTS The all-cause mortality rates in patients ≤45 years of age at 30 days, 1 and 2 years were 1.7%, 2.0% and 2.2%, respectively. These rates were lower compared with their older matched counterparts whose all-cause mortality rates were 3.3%, 4.2% and 5.5%, respectively (P = 0.010). The incidence of recurrent MI was 4.0% for all age groups combined, 5.4% for younger patients and 3.8% for older patients. The number of stents showed association with recurrent MI in older patients with a first infarction, whereas only composition factor 1 with significantly higher non-high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein values was significantly associated with recurrent MI in the younger patients. CONCLUSIONS STEMI patients ≤45 years of age more often had lower rates of all-cause mortality, but the risk of recurrent MI was similar to that of older patients. Regardless of triglyceride level, neither non-high-density lipoprotein nor low-density lipoprotein were independent predictors for recurrent MI during the long-term follow-up in younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Waiou Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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27
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Ayhan H, Gormus U, Isbir S, Yilmaz SG, Isbir T. SCARB1 Gene Polymorphisms and HDL Subfractions in Coronary Artery Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:873-876. [PMID: 28882953 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Polymorphisms in the SCARB1 gene are known to be related to plasma lipids. PATIENTS AND METHODS Real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for identification of SCARB1 polymorphisms and the Lipoprint Quantimetrix System was employed in identification of HDL subfractions. RESULTS According to allelic distribution, in both groups SCARB1 AA genotype led to a two-fold decrease in the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (p=0.04), while the GA genotype increased the risk two-fold (p=0.03). According to the HDL subfraction analysis results, the AA genotype had higher levels of big-sized HDL subfraction (p=0.02). CONCLUSION The SCARB1AA genotype decreased cardiovascular risk and carrying GA genotype and G allele increased the risk of CAD. AA genotype carriers had higher levels of big-sized HDL subfraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Ayhan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Uzay Gormus
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selim Isbir
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Gulec Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgay Isbir
- Department of Medical Biology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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28
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Xu RX, Zhang Y, Guo YL, Ma CY, Yao YH, Li S, Li XL, Qing P, Gao Y, Wu NQ, Zhu CG, Liu G, Dong Q, Sun J, Li JJ. Novel findings in relation to multiple anti-atherosclerotic effects of XueZhiKang in humans. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2017; 4:117-126. [PMID: 29988855 PMCID: PMC6033954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have clearly demonstrated that XueZhiKang (XZK), an extract of cholestin, can decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiovascular events. However, the mechanism of the effects of XZK on atherosclerosis (AS) in humans has been reported less frequently. In the present study, we investigated the impact of XZK on lipoprotein subfractions, oxidized LDL (oxLDL), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Methods From October 2015 to July 2016, 40 subjects were enrolled in this study. Of them, 20 subjects with dyslipidemia received XZK 1200 mg/day for 8 weeks (XZK group); 20 additional healthy subjects who did not receive therapy acted as controls. The plasma lipoprotein subfractions, oxLDL, and IL-6 were examined at baseline and again at 8 weeks. Results Data showed that XZK could significantly decrease not only plasma LDL-C levels (87.26 ± 24.45 vs. 123.34 ± 23.99, P < 0.001), total cholesterol (4.14 ± 0.87 vs. 5.08 ± 1.03, P < 0.001), triglycerides (0.95 ± 0.38 vs. 1.55 ± 0.61, P < 0.05), and apolipoprotein B (1.70 ± 0.35 vs. 1.81 ± 0.72, P < 0.05), but also oxLDL (36.36 ± 5.31 vs. 49.20 ± 15.01, P < 0.05) and IL-6 (8.50 ± 7.40 vs. 10.40 ± 9.49, P < 0.05). At the same time, XZK reduced the concentration of small LDL-C (1.78 ± 2.17 vs. 6.33 ± 7.78, P < 0.05) and the percentage of the small LDL subfraction (1.09 ± 1.12 vs. 3.07 ± 3.09, P < 0.05). Conclusions Treatment with 1200 mg/day XZK for 8 weeks significantly decreased the atherogenic small LDL subfraction and reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, in addition to affecting the lipid profile, suggesting multiple beneficial effects in coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xia Xu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chun-Yan Ma
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yu-Hong Yao
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Sha Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ping Qing
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Na-Qiong Wu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Geng Liu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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29
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Bendzala M, Sabaka P, Caprnda M, Komornikova A, Bisahova M, Baneszova R, Petrovic D, Prosecky R, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P, Dukat A. Atherogenic index of plasma is positively associated with the risk of all-cause death in elderly women : A 10-year follow-up. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2017; 129:793-798. [PMID: 28913629 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-017-1264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) do not predict survival in patients older than 60 years. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a logarithm of the triacylglycerol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio and a surrogate for the concentration of small dense LDL. It might be a better reflection of the risk of all-cause death in elderly patients. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study of patients with arterial hypertension older than 60 years. The concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triacylglycerol were measured at the time of the recruitment and the patients were observed for 10 years. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the effects of lipoproteins and AIP on survival. RESULTS A total of 500 patients were recruited and 473 of them (226 men, 247 women) either died or successfully completed the 10-year follow-up and were included in the analysis. The AIP was positively associated, while HDL concentration was negatively associated with the risk of all-cause death adjusted for age, smoking habits, statin use, history of diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD) in elderly women but not in men. The LDL, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and non-HDL concentrations were not associated with the risk of death in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS The AIP is positively associated with the risk of all-cause death in elderly women with arterial hypertension independent of age, smoking habits, statin therapy and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Bendzala
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Sabaka
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Komornikova
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Bisahova
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ruth Baneszova
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Petrovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Prosecky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brothers of Mercy Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1/1946, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic. .,2nd Department of Surgery, Center for Vascular Disease, St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrej Dukat
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
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30
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Long-term outcome and risk assessment in premature acute myocardial infarction: A 10-year follow-up study. Int J Cardiol 2017; 240:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.03.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as heart attack, is a medical emergency that is potentially fatal if not promptly and properly managed. The early diagnosis of AMI is critically important for the timely institution of pharmacotherapy to prevent myocardial damage and preserve cardiac function. Ischemic insults during AMI cause myocardial tissue damage, releasing the cardiac muscle protein troponin T into the blood stream. Therefore, serum troponin T levels are used as a sensitive and specific indicator of myocardial injury for diagnosing AMI. However, there remains a requirement for developing technologies for more accurate biomarkers or signatures for AMI diagnosis or prognosis. Previous studies have implicated impaired lipid metabolism as a causative factor in AMI development. Lipoproteins are important constituents of lipid metabolism; their levels in the blood stream are a convenient biomarker tool for monitoring lipid metabolism. This review summarizes recent findings (data of studies from 2001 to 2016) regarding the biomarker potentials of various lipoproteins, including low-density lipoprotein, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein-a, and remnant lipoprotein, for the risk stratification of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University; Riyadh-Saudi Arabia.
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32
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Lee JE, Min SH, Lee DH, Oh TJ, Kim KM, Moon JH, Choi SH, Park KS, Jang HC, Lim S. Comprehensive assessment of lipoprotein subfraction profiles according to glucose metabolism status, and association with insulin resistance in subjects with early-stage impaired glucose metabolism. Int J Cardiol 2016; 225:327-331. [PMID: 27756036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of atherogenic dyslipidemia is crucial. We investigated lipoprotein subfraction parameters according to glucose metabolism status. METHODS We recruited 1255 lipid-lowering drug-naïve subjects with normal fasting glucose (NFG; n=200, 15.9%), impaired fasting glucose (IFG; n=443, 35.3%), or type 2 diabetes (T2D; n=612, 48.8%). Lipoprotein subfractions (1-7) were determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, separating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) into large buoyant LDL (lbLDL, LDL1-2) and small dense LDL (sdLDL, LDL3-7). Lipoprotein subfraction parameters including the sdLDL% (LDL3-7/LDL1-7), the sdLDL/lbLDL ratio (LDL3-7/LDL1-2), and weighted LDL subfraction (LDLSF) scores, were compared between groups. Their associations with insulin resistance, estimated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, were examined. RESULTS The concentrations of sdLDL particles were significantly higher in subjects with T2D and IFG than in those with NFG (15.78±13.47mg/dl and 14.60±14.33mg/dl, respectively, vs. 12.22±12.31mg/dl). Compared with those with NFG, subjects with IFG or T2D had significantly a higher sdLDL% (15.98±15.26% vs. 19.50±16.21% or 21.46±16.81%, respectively), a higher sdLDL/lbLDL ratio (0.24±0.30 vs. 0.31±0.37 or 0.35±0.39), and a higher LDLSF score (2.08±0.91 vs. 2.30±1.14 or 2.36±1.17). These lipoprotein subfraction parameters had stronger associations with insulin resistance compared to conventional lipid profiles in the IFG and T2D groups. CONCLUSIONS Atherogenic dyslipidemia is initiated in an early stage of impaired glucose metabolism, when early intervention might be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Tae Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
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Sandhu PK, Musaad SMA, Remaley AT, Buehler SS, Strider S, Derzon JH, Vesper HW, Ranne A, Shaw CS, Christenson RH. Lipoprotein Biomarkers and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Laboratory Medicine Best Practices (LMBP) Systematic Review. J Appl Lab Med 2016; 1:214-229. [PMID: 27840858 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2016.021006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy exists about the incremental utility of nontraditional lipid biomarkers [e.g., apolipoprotein (apo) B, apo A-I, and non-HDL-C] in improving cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction when added to a conventional model of traditional risk factors (e.g., total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, sex, age, smoking status, and blood pressure). Here we present a systematic review that was conducted to assess the use of nontraditional lipid biomarkers including apo B, apo A-I, apo B/A-I ratio, and non-HDL-C in improving CVD risk prediction after controlling for the traditional risk factors in populations at risk for cardiovascular events. CONTENT This systematic review used the Laboratory Medicine Best Practices (LMBP™) A-6 methods. A total of 9 relevant studies published before and including July 2015 comprised the evidence base for this review. Results from this systematic review indicated that after the adjustment for standard nonlipid and lipid CVD risk factors, nontraditional apolipoprotein biomarkers apo B (overall effect = relative risk: 1.31; 95% CI, 1.22-1.40; 4 studies) and apo B/apo A-I ratio (overall effect = relative risk: 1.31; 95% CI, 1.11-1.38; 7 studies) resulted in significant improvement in long-term CVD risk assessment. SUMMARY Available evidence showed that nontraditional lipid biomarkers apo B and apo B/apo I ratio can improve the risk prediction for cardiovascular events after controlling for the traditional risk factors for the populations at risk. However, because of insufficient evidence, no conclusions could be made for the effectiveness of apo A-I and non-HDL-C lipid markers to predict the CVD events, indicating a need for more research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramjit K Sandhu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory Research and Evaluation Branch, Division of Laboratory Systems, Atlanta, GA
| | - Salma M A Musaad
- Family Resiliency Center, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Alan T Remaley
- National Institutes of Health, Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Sonya Strider
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory Research and Evaluation Branch, Division of Laboratory Systems, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Hubert W Vesper
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Clinical Standardization Programs, Protein Biomarker and Lipid Reference Laboratory, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anne Ranne
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory Research and Evaluation Branch, Division of Laboratory Systems, Atlanta, GA
| | - Colleen S Shaw
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory Research and Evaluation Branch, Division of Laboratory Systems, Atlanta, GA
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Shah N, Kelly AM, Cox N, Wong C, Soon K. Myocardial Infarction in the "Young": Risk Factors, Presentation, Management and Prognosis. Heart Lung Circ 2016; 25:955-60. [PMID: 27265644 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) in the "young" is a significant problem, however there is scarcity of data on premature coronary heart disease (CHD) and MI in the "young". This may lead to under-appreciation of important differences that exist between "young" MI patients versus an older cohort. Traditional differences described in the risk factor profile of younger MI compared to older patients include a higher prevalence of smoking, family history of premature CHD and male gender. Recently, other potentially important differences have been described. Most "young" MI patients will present with non-ST elevation MI but the proportion presenting with ST-elevation MI is increasing. Coronary angiography usually reveals less extensive disease in "young" MI patients, which has implications for management. Short-term prognosis of "young" MI patients is better than for older patients, however contemporary data raises concerns regarding longer-term outcomes, particularly in those with reduced left ventricular systolic function. Here we review the differences in rate, risk factor profile, presentation, management and prognosis between "young" and older MI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Shah
- Centre for Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Western Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
| | - Anne-Maree Kelly
- Joseph Epstein Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Western Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Nicholas Cox
- Centre for Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Western Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Chiew Wong
- Centre for Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Western Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Kean Soon
- Centre for Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Western Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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35
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Winter MP, Wiesbauer F, Alimohammadi A, Blessberger H, Pavo N, Schillinger M, Huber K, Wojta J, Lang IM, Maurer G, Goliasch G. Soluble galectin-3 is associated with premature myocardial infarction. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:386-91. [PMID: 26880404 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory responses are pivotal in the initiation and development of premature atherosclerotic lesions. Galectin-3 represents a valuable biomarker for both progression and destabilization of atherosclerotic lesions. This study aims to assess the involvement of galectin-3 in premature myocardial infarction. DESIGN In this multicentre case-control study, we assessed circulating galectin-3 levels in 144 patients comprising 72 consecutive survivors of acute myocardial infarction (≤ 40 years) and 72 hospital controls frequency matched for age, gender and centre. RESULTS Patients with acute myocardial infarction showed significantly higher galectin-3 levels as compared to controls in the acute phase of acute myocardial infarction (2552 ± 1992 vs. 1666 ± 829 pg/mL; P < 0·001) as well as in the stable phase 1 year after the index event (3692 ± 1774 vs. 1666 ± 829 pg/mL; P < 0·001). Circulating galectin-3 was significantly and independently associated with premature myocardial infarction in the logistic regression analysis (acute phase: adj. OR per 1-SD change 2·03, 95% CI 1·30-3·19; P = 0·002; stable phase: adj. OR of 6·54 (95% CI 2·56-16·68; P < 0·001). Moreover, we observed a significant correlation between circulating galectin-3 and leucocyte count (r = 0·35, P < 0·001), non-HDL cholesterol (r = 0·23, P = 0·014) and HDL cholesterol (r = -0·29, P = 0·002). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that elevated levels of circulating galectin-3 are strongly associated with premature myocardial infarction. Galectin-3 might serve as link between dyslipidaemia as driving force of plaque formation with inflammation as initiator of plaque rupture in patients with premature acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max-Paul Winter
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Wiesbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arman Alimohammadi
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Blessberger
- Department of Cardiology, Med Campus III, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
| | - Noemi Pavo
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schillinger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- Third Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.,Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene M Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Maurer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Goliasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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36
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Qian G, Zhou Y, Liu HB, Chen YD. Clinical Profile and Long-Term Prognostic Factors of a Young Chinese Han Population (≤ 40 Years) Having ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2016; 31:390-7. [PMID: 27122898 DOI: 10.6515/acs20140929d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of the mainland Chinese population with premature ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is significantly elevated. Young patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction have a different risk factor profile and clinical outcome compared with elder patients, and may also differ as compared to young patients in Western populations. METHODS We analyzed a total of 9462 consecutive ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients, and recruited 341 consecutive cases who had survived their first ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction at the age less than 40 years, and followed-up these patients for 5 years. RESULTS The most prevalent risk factor in young Chinese ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients was smoking (307/341, 90.03%) and male gender (328/341, 96.19%), although young patients had fewer traditional risk factors of acute myocardial infarction than the control group [(1.63 ± 1.03) vs. (2.38 ± 1.15), p < 0.01]. The number of affected vessels in cases was significantly less than in the elder control group (p < 0.01). During the follow-up, blood lipids and blood pressure of most patients reached the target level, while 42.10% of patients reported continuation of smoking. Multivariable data analysis showed that persistence of smoking (OR: 3.784, 95% CI: 1.636-8.751, p < 0.01) was the most significant prognostic factor of cardiac events after adjusting for various confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that cigarette smoking is the most prevalent factor among the avoidable cardiovascular risk factors for young ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions in China. Accordingly, continued smoking is the most powerful predictor for the recurrence of cardiac events in young Chinese patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. KEY WORDS Premature myocardial infarction; Prognosis; Risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hong-Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yun-Dai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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37
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Xu RX, Zhang Y, Ye P, Chen H, Li YF, Hua Q, Guo YL, Li XL, Li S, Dong Q, Liu G, Li JJ. Analysis of Lipoprotein Subfractions in Chinese Han Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Heart Lung Circ 2015; 24:1203-10. [PMID: 26105990 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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38
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Sabaka P, Kruzliak P, Balaz D, Komornikova A, Celovska D, Cammarota G, Kusendova K, Bendzala M, Rodrigo L, Dukat A, Kwon TK, Dvorakova MC, Gaspar L. Effect of short term aerobic exercise on fasting and postprandial lipoprotein subfractions in healthy sedentary men. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:151. [PMID: 26607422 PMCID: PMC4658794 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our goal was to investigate the effect of short term exercise on fasting and postprandial lipoprotein profile. Methods Healthy sedentary men exercised 20 min for four days. The intensity of exercise was modulated to maintain 75–80 % of a calculated HRmax. Before and after the exercise program, fasting and postprandial (4 h after standard meal) concentrations of lipoprotein subfractions were measured by an electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and total concentrations of TAG, LDL and HDL by enzymatic colorimetric method. After 2 days of rest, fasting and postprandial concentrations of lipoprotein fractions and subfractions were measured to determine a persistency of a changes in the lipoprotein profile. Results 4 days of physical exercise led to statistically significant decrease of concentration of triacylglycerol in fasting (76.29 ± 20.07, 53.92 ± 10.90, p < 0.05) and postprandial state (139.06 ± 23.72, 96.55 ± 25.21, p < 0.05) VLDL in fasting (21.88 ± 3.87, 18.00 ± 3.93, p < 0.05) and postprandial state (23.88 ± 3.52, 19.25 ± 3.62, p < 0.05), total cholesterol in fasting (162.26 ± 23.38, 148.91 ± 17.72, p < 0.05) and postprandial state (163.73 ± 23.02, 150.08 ± 18.11, p < 0.05). Atherogenic medium LDL decreased also in fasting (9.89 ± 3.27, 6.22 ± 2.55, p < 0.001) and postprandial state (8.88 ± 6.51, 6.88 ± 5.57, p < 0.001). However decrease of large IDL (25.38 ± 3.54, 23.88 ± 3.91, p < 0.05) and large LDL particles (42.89 ± 11.40, 38.67 ± 9.30) was observed only in postprandial state. Total HDL concentration remained unchanged but we observed statistically significant decrease of small HDL particles in fasting (6.11 ± 2.89, 4.22, p < 0.05) and postprandial state (6.44 ± 3.21, 4.56 ± 1.33, p < 0.05). Concentration of these particles are associated with progression of atherosclerosis. All changes of fasting and postprandial lipoprotein profile disappeared after 2 days of rest. Conclusion Just 4 daily settings of 20 min of physical exercise can lead to significant positive changes of fasting and postprandial lipoprotein profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sabaka
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - David Balaz
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Komornikova
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Denisa Celovska
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Division of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, A. Gemelli Medical School, Rome, Italy
| | - Katarina Kusendova
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Matej Bendzala
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Andrej Dukat
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Magdalena Chottova Dvorakova
- Department of Physiology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Centre, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ludovit Gaspar
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Distelmaier K, Wiesbauer F, Blessberger H, Oravec S, Schrutka L, Binder C, Dostal E, Schillinger M, Wojta J, Lang IM, Maurer G, Huber K, Goliasch G. Impaired antioxidant HDL function is associated with premature myocardial infarction. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:731-8. [PMID: 25989880 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that the predictive value of HDL cholesterol levels for cardiovascular risk stratification is limited in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). HDL function seems to be a more sensitive surrogate of cardiovascular risk estimation than simple serum levels. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether impaired antioxidant HDL function is involved in the development of premature acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS In this multicentre case-control study, we compared the antioxidant function of HDL, measured by the HDL inflammatory index (HII), and HDL particle size in 184 patients comprising 92 patients with AMI at a very young age (≤40 years of age) and 92 age- and gender-matched controls. RESULTS Antioxidant capacities of HDL were significantly impaired in the acute phase of AMI (HII of 1·50 [IQR 1·10-1·74] vs. 0·56 [IQR 0·41-0·86] in controls, P < 0·001 as well as in the chronic stable phase 1 year after the event (HII of 0·85 [IQR 0·72-1·03] vs. 0·56 [IQR 0·41-0·86], P < 0·001) compared to controls. Moreover, HDL function in the stable phase remained significantly associated with premature MI in adjusted logistic regression analysis with an OR of 2·24 per SD increase of HII (95% CI 1·28-3·91; P = 0·005). Analyses of HDL size revealed a significant correlation between all HDL subfractions and HDL function in controls, whereas this correlation was lost for large and intermediate HDL in AMI patients. CONCLUSION Impaired antioxidant function of HDL is independently associated with the development of premature AMI. The maintenance of HDL function might evolve into a significant therapeutic target, especially in patients with premature CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Distelmaier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Wiesbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Blessberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, Linz General Hospital, Johannes Kepler University School of Medicine, Linz, Austria
| | - Stanislav Oravec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lore Schrutka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martin Schillinger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.,Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene M Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Maurer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- Third Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Goliasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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40
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Jiang S, Li D, Li J, An Y. Correlation Between High-Density Lipoprotein and Monocyte Subsets in Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:3129-35. [PMID: 26474031 PMCID: PMC4612145 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-density lipoprotein (HDL) consists of heterogeneous particles with a variety of structures and functions. Its role in atherosclerosis has been gradually recognized. Studies have shown dysfunction of small HDL in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Monocytes play an important role in atherosclerosis, which can be divided into 3 subgroups based on the expression of surface markers CD14 and CD16. This study aimed to investigate the association between HDL and monocyte subsets in CAD patients. Material/Methods A total of 90 patients with stable CAD were selected in this study. Monocytes were divided into classical monocytes (CM, CD14++CD16−), intermediate monocytes (IM, CD14++CD16+), and non-classical monocytes (NCM, CD14+CD16++). HDL components in serum were determined by high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (detected by Quantimetrix HDL Lipoprint system, referring to HDL subfractions analysis: A new laboratory diagnostic assay for patients with cardiovascular diseases and dyslipoproteinemia). Results Serum level of small HDL was positively correlated with circulating proinflammatory NCM (r=0.30; p=0.004), negatively correlated with CM, and not correlated with IM. We also found that disease severity was not associated with diabetes mellitus, glycosylated hemoglobin, hypertension, smoking history, or statin dosage. Conclusions Our study confirmed that small HDL level is associated with an increase in NCM and a decrease in CM, suggesting the proinflammatory relationship between small HDL and intrinsic immune function during the progression of stable CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yi An
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
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41
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Effects of Hedan Tablet () on lipid profile, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 and high-density lipoprotein subfractions in patients with hyperlipidemia: A primary study. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 22:660-5. [PMID: 25967607 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Hedan Tablet () on serum lipid profile, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PSCK9) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions in patients with hyperlipidemia. METHODS Thirty-seven patients with hyperlipidemia were randomized to treatment with Hedan Tablet 4.38 g/day as Hedan group (18 cases) or placebo (19 cases) as control group for 8 weeks. The lipid profile, PCSK9 and HDL subfractions were determined at day 0 and week 8 in both groups respectively. RESULTS Hedan treatment for 8 weeks mildly decreased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, while no changes were found in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and PCSK9 concentrations. Furthermore, Hedan treatment increased the concentration of large high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the percentage of large HDL subfraction, while decreased the concentration of small HDL-C and the percentage of small HDL subfraction without changing serum HDL-C levels in patients with hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSION Hedan treatment of 4.38 g per day for 8 weeks could confer a favorable effects on serum LDL-C concentration as well as HDL subfractions.
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42
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Xu RX, Zhang Y, Li XL, Li S, Guo YL, Dong Q, Liu G, Li JJ. Relationship between plasma phospholipase A2 concentrations and lipoprotein subfractions in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 446:195-200. [PMID: 25934512 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both increased lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) concentrations and atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions have been shown to reflect unfavourable cardiovascular risk. However, the correlation between Lp-PLA2 and lipoprotein subfractions in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been assessed yet. METHODS A total of 324 consecutive subjects who were not treated with lipid-lowering drugs were enrolled (angiographically proven CAD: n = 253; non-CAD: n = 71). Plasma Lp-PLA2 concentrations were measured using ELISA. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions were determined by Lipoprint System. RESULTS Plasma Lp-PLA2 concentrations were higher in patients with CAD compared with those without CAD (153.61 ± 78.73 vs. 131.41 ± 65.49 ng/ml, p = 0.028). The univariable correlation analysis revealed that Lp-PLA2 concentrations were positively correlated with the cholesterol concentrations of each LDL subfractions and the intermediate as well as small HDL subfractions, while negatively linked with the LDL particle size and large HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations in CAD group. However, no similar results were observed in the non-CAD group. Furthermore, multivariable regression analysis was performed in patients with CAD and showed that plasma Lp-PLA2 concentrations were independently correlated with the cholesterol concentrations of each LDL subfractions [large LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C): β = 0.263, p < 0.001; intermediate LDL-C: β = 0.327, p < 0.001; small LDL-C: β = 0.135, p = 0.033] and small HDL-C (β = 0.133, p = 0.034). CONCLUSION Lp-PLA2 concentrations were positively associated with all LDL subfractions and small HDL subfraction, suggesting an interaction between Lp-PLA2 and lipoprotein subfraction phenotypes in the status of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xia Xu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Sha Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Geng Liu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
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Krychtiuk KA, Kastl SP, Pfaffenberger S, Lenz M, Hofbauer SL, Wonnerth A, Koller L, Katsaros KM, Pongratz T, Goliasch G, Niessner A, Gaspar L, Huber K, Maurer G, Dostal E, Wojta J, Oravec S, Speidl WS. Association of small dense LDL serum levels and circulating monocyte subsets in stable coronary artery disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123367. [PMID: 25849089 PMCID: PMC4388574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Atherosclerosis is considered to be an inflammatory disease in which monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages play a key role. Circulating monocytes can be divided into three distinct subtypes, namely in classical monocytes (CM; CD14++CD16-), intermediate monocytes (IM; CD14++CD16+) and non-classical monocytes (NCM; CD14+CD16++). Low density lipoprotein particles are heterogeneous in size and density, with small, dense LDL (sdLDL) crucially implicated in atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine whether monocyte subsets are associated with sdLDL serum levels. Methods We included 90 patients with angiographically documented stable coronary artery disease and determined monocyte subtypes by flow cytometry. sdLDL was measured by an electrophoresis method on polyacrylamide gel. Results Patients with sdLDL levels in the highest tertile (sdLDL≥4mg/dL;T3) showed the highest levels of pro-inflammatory NCM (15.2±7% vs. 11.4±6% and 10.9±4%, respectively; p<0.01) when compared with patients in the middle (sdLDL=2-3mg/dL;T2) and lowest tertile (sdLDL=0-1mg/dL;T1). Furthermore, patients in the highest sdLDL tertile showed lower CM levels than patients in the middle and lowest tertile (79.2±8% vs. 83.9±7% and 82.7±5%; p<0.01 for T3 vs. T2+T1). Levels of IM were not related to sdLDL levels (5.6±4% vs. 4.6±3% vs. 6.4±3% for T3, T2 and T1, respectively). In contrast to monocyte subset distribution, levels of circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory markers were not associated with sdLDL levels. Conclusion The atherogenic lipoprotein fraction sdLDL is associated with an increase of NCM and a decrease of CM. This could be a new link between lipid metabolism dysregulation, innate immunity and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A. Krychtiuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringerguertel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan P. Kastl
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Pfaffenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Max Lenz
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian L. Hofbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Wonnerth
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Koller
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina M. Katsaros
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pongratz
- Krankenanstalten Dr. Dostal, Saarplatz 9, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Goliasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Niessner
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludovit Gaspar
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Vajanského nábrežie, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kurt Huber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringerguertel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenhospital, Montleartstraße 37, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Maurer
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringerguertel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Stanislav Oravec
- Krankenanstalten Dr. Dostal, Saarplatz 9, 1190, Vienna, Austria
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Vajanského nábrežie, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Walter S. Speidl
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerguertel 18–20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Non-high-density cholesterol level as a predictor of maximum carotid intima-media thickness in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a comparison with low-density lipoprotein level. Diabetol Int 2015; 7:34-41. [PMID: 30603241 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-015-0208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim To determine whether non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) level, in comparison with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, is useful for predicting the values of various surrogate atherosclerosis markers in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods Data were retrieved from medical records of 265 subjects with T2DM who underwent laboratory tests to evaluate for atherosclerosis by using the following parameters: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, mean and maximum carotid intima-media thickness (mean CIMT and max-CIMT), and ankle-brachial index, with simultaneous fasting blood sampling for routine lipid parameters. Results In a multiple stepwise regression analysis, non-HDL-C level, but not LDL-C level, positively correlated with max-CIMT (β coefficient = 0.14, F = 6.84). Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that a 0.26 mmol/L (10 mg/dL) increase in non-HDL-C level, but not LDL-C level, was significantly associated with high risk of max-CIMT (≥1.1 mm; odds ratio, 1.096; 95 % confidence interval, 1.003-1.202; p = 0.046). However, in a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, the addition of non-HDL-C level to the three significant independent variables obtained from the stepwise analyses did not significantly increased the area under the ROC curve (from 0.7789 to 0.7864, p = 0.4343). Conclusions Non-HDL-C levels may be non-inferior to LDL-C level for the prediction of high-risk max-CIMT in Japanese subjects with T2DM.
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Zhang Y, Xu RX, Li S, Zhu CG, Guo YL, Sun J, Li JJ. Lipoprotein subfractions partly mediate the association between serum uric acid and coronary artery disease. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 441:109-14. [PMID: 25549901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum uric acid (SUA) has been established to be highly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) susceptibility and lipid metabolism, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Recently, lipoprotein subfractions have been proposed to be more valuable in CAD risk evaluation. Hence, we sought to investigate whether the relationship between SUA and CAD is partly mediated by lipoprotein subfractions. METHODS A total of 401 consecutive subjects undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled. The baseline clinical data including the SUA level and lipid profiles were collected. The lipoprotein subfractions were determined using the Lipoprint system. RESULTS In the overall population, the upper SUA quintiles had significantly higher atherogenic lipid parameters and unbalanced lipoprotein subfractions especially higher small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and lower large high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (p<0.05). The levels of SUA and lipoprotein subfractions were dramatically different between male and female. After adjusting for traditional risk factors including gender, multivariate linear regression analysis suggested that SUA was positively associated with sdLDL-C (β=0.113, p=0.013) but negatively related to large HDL-C level (β=-0.152, p=0.002). Given the significant association of the SUA level with lipoprotein subfractions and incident CAD (adjusted OR=1.312, 95% CI 1.069-1.609, p=0.009), we performed the mediation analyses and found that 8.7-10.5% of the effect of SUA on CAD susceptibility was mediated by the increased sdLDL-C or decreased large HDL-C level (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The SUA level was proved to be associated with lipoprotein subfractions including sdLDL-C (positive) and large HDL-C (negative), which partly mediated the association between SUA and CAD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Rui-Xia Xu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Sha Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China.
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High-density lipoprotein subfractions in relation with the severity of coronary artery disease: A Gensini score assessment. J Clin Lipidol 2014; 9:26-34. [PMID: 25670357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact role of different high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) has not yet been fully explored. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between HDL subfractions and the severity of CAD in patients without statin therapy. METHODS A total of 382 consecutive patients (mean: 55.36 ± 11.30 years of age) who underwent coronary angiography from angina-like chest pain were investigated. Patients were classified into 2 groups according to the angiographic results: a CAD group (n = 283) and a control group (n = 99). The distribution of HDL subfractions was analyzed using a Quantimetrix Lipoprint HDL system. CAD severity was measured by Gensini score (GS). RESULTS Compared with the control group, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), large HDL-C level, and the large HDL subfraction percentages in the CAD group were significantly lower (P = .002, P < .001, P < .001, respectively). Meanwhile, a small HDL-C level and the percentage of small HDL subfraction were significantly higher (P = .003, P < .001, respectively). Correlation analysis showed that the percentage of a large HDL subfraction was negatively correlated with GS (β = -0.191, P = .005), whereas the percentage of a small HDL subfraction positively correlated with GS (β = 0.145, P = .023) in patients with CAD. CONCLUSIONS Small HDL subfraction was associated with the presence of CAD, whereas the percentage of large HDL and small HDL subfraction was negatively and positively associated with the severity of CAD, respectively.
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Krychtiuk KA, Kastl SP, Pfaffenberger S, Pongratz T, Hofbauer SL, Wonnerth A, Katsaros KM, Goliasch G, Gaspar L, Huber K, Maurer G, Dostal E, Oravec S, Wojta J, Speidl WS. Small high-density lipoprotein is associated with monocyte subsets in stable coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:589-96. [PMID: 25463093 PMCID: PMC4270455 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are heterogeneous in structure and function and the role of HDL subfractions in atherogenesis is not well understood. It has been suggested that small HDL may be dysfunctional in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Monocytes are considered to play a key role in atherosclerotic diseases. Circulating monocytes can be divided into three subtypes according to their surface expression of CD14 and CD16. Our aim was to examine whether monocyte subsets are associated with HDL subfractions in patients with atherosclerosis. Methods: We included 90 patients with angiographically stable CAD. Monocyte subsets were defined as classical monocytes (CD14++CD16-; CM), intermediate monocytes (CD14++CD16+; IM) and non-classical monocytes (CD14+CD16++; NCM). HDL subfractions were measured by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. Results: Serum levels of small HDL correlated with circulating pro-inflammatory NCM and showed an inverse relationship to circulating CM independently from other lipid parameters, risk factors, inflammatory parameters or statin treatment regime, respectively. IM were not associated with small HDL. In particular, patients with small HDL levels in the highest tertile showed dramatically increased levels of NCM (14.7 ± 7% vs. 10.7 ± 5% and 10.8 ± 5%; p = 0.006) and a decreased proportion of CM (79.3 ± 7% vs. 83.7 ± 6% and 83.9 ± 6%; p = 0.004) compared to patients in the two lower tertiles. In contrast, intermediate HDL, large HDL and total HDL were not associated with monocyte subset distribution. Conclusion: Small HDL levels are associated with pro-inflammatory NCM and inversely correlated with CM. This may suggest that small HDL could have dysfunctional anti-inflammatory properties in patients with established CAD. Small HDL levels are associated with non-classical monocytes in stable CAD. Classical monocytes are inversely associated with small HDL levels. Associations are independent of other lipid parameters, risk factors, inflammatory parameters or statin treatment regime. Inflammatory markers do not vary according to small HDL levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Krychtiuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan P Kastl
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Pfaffenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sebastian L Hofbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Wonnerth
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina M Katsaros
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Goliasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludovit Gaspar
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kurt Huber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria; 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Maurer
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stanislav Oravec
- Krankenanstalten Dr. Dostal, Vienna, Austria; 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria; Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Walter S Speidl
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Dutheil F, Walther G, Chapier R, Mnatzaganian G, Lesourd B, Naughton G, Verney J, Fogli A, Sapin V, Duclos M, Vinet A, Obert P, Courteix D, Lac G. Atherogenic subfractions of lipoproteins in the treatment of metabolic syndrome by physical activity and diet - the RESOLVE trial. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:112. [PMID: 25015177 PMCID: PMC4115215 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to comprehensively evaluate lipoprotein profile including lipid particle size following a lifestyle intervention in metabolic syndrome (MetS) volunteers and to assess the associations between lipoprotein subfractions and carotid-intima-media-thickness (CIMT) – a surrogate indicator of atherogenesis. Methods 100 participants (50–70 years) from the RESOLVE trial, underwent a one-year follow-up beginning with a three-week residential program combining high exercise volume (15-20 h/week), restrictive diet (-500 kcal/day), and education. For baseline references, 40 aged-matched healthy controls were recruited. Independent associations between subfractions of lipoproteins and CIMT were evaluated using a generalized estimating equations model accounting for variation in correlations between repeated measures. The lipoprotein subfractions profile was assessed using Lipoprint® electrophoresis allowing to separate: the very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction, then the intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) C, B and A, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with subfractions 1 and 2 as large LDL and subfractions 3 to 7 as small dense LDL (sdLDL), and the high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions categorized into large, intermediate, and small HDL. Apolipoproteins A1 and B were also measured. Results 78 participants completed the program. At baseline, apolipoproteins B/A1, VLDL, sdLDL and small HDL were higher in MetS than in healthy controls; IDL, LDL size, large and intermediate HDL were lower. Despite time-related regains during the follow-up, lipoprotein subfractions traditionally involved in cardiovascular risk, such as sdLDL, improved immediately after the residential program with values closest to those of healthy controls. CIMT improved throughout the lifestyle intervention. Using a generalized estimating equations model, none of the subfractions of lipoproteins nor apolipoproteins were linked to CIMT. Conclusions Lipoprotein subfractions traditionally involved in CVR, decreased after the 3-week residential program. During a 12 month follow-up, the time-related regains remained closer to the values of healthy controls than they were at baseline. CIMT improved throughout the lifestyle intervention. However, we failed to demonstrate a link between some lipoprotein subfractions and the atherogenicity directly measured from the wall thickness of arteries (CIMT). Further investigations are required to explore the atherogenicity of lipoprotein subfractions. Trial registration NCT00917917
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Geraldine Naughton
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Xu RX, Guo YL, Li XL, Li S, Li JJ. Impact of short-term low-dose atorvastatin on low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein subfraction phenotype. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 41:475-81. [PMID: 24739131 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xia Xu
- Division of Dyslipidemia; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Fu Wai Hospital; National Center for Cardiovascular Disease; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- Division of Dyslipidemia; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Fu Wai Hospital; National Center for Cardiovascular Disease; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Fu Wai Hospital; National Center for Cardiovascular Disease; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Sha Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Fu Wai Hospital; National Center for Cardiovascular Disease; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Fu Wai Hospital; National Center for Cardiovascular Disease; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
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Dietary grape powder increases IL-1β and IL-6 production by lipopolysaccharide-activated monocytes and reduces plasma concentrations of large LDL and large LDL-cholesterol particles in obese humans. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:369-80. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obese individuals are at an increased risk of developing CVD, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and bacterial and viral infections when compared with the normal-weight population. In a 9-week randomised, double-blind, cross-over study, twenty-four obese subjects aged between 20 and 60 years and with a BMI between 30 and 45 kg/m2were fed grape or placebo powder for 3-week intervals to determine the effects of dietary grapes on blood lipid profiles, plasma inflammatory marker concentrations and immune cell function. Blood samples were collected on days 1 and 8 for obtaining baseline information and at weeks 3, 4, 8 and 9. Comprehensive chemistry panels, lipid profile analyses by NMR, measurement of plasma inflammatory marker concentrations, and analyses of cytokine production by activated T lymphocytes and monocytes were performed for each blood draw. Dietary grape powder reduced the plasma concentrations of large LDL-cholesterol and large LDL particles compared with the placebo powder (P< 0·05). The concentrations of interferon-γ, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10 were measured in supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) activated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies and those of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in supernatants from PBMC activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). No difference in the production of T-cell cytokines was observed between the two intervention groups. The production of IL-1β and IL-6 was increased in supernatants from LPS-activated PBMC in the grape powder group compared with the placebo powder group (P< 0·05). These data suggest that dietary grapes may decrease atherogenic lipid fractions in obese individuals and increase the sensitivity of monocytes in a population at a greater risk of developing infections.
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