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Tomic B, Smoljo T, Lalic H, Dembitz V, Batinic J, Batinic D, Bedalov A, Visnjic D. Cytarabine-induced differentiation of AML cells depends on Chk1 activation and shares the mechanism with inhibitors of DHODH and pyrimidine synthesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11344. [PMID: 35790845 PMCID: PMC9256737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by arrested differentiation making differentiation therapy a promising treatment strategy. Recent success of inhibitors of mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) invigorated interest in differentiation therapy of AML so that several new drugs have been proposed, including inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an enzyme in pyrimidine synthesis. Cytarabine, a backbone of standard AML therapy, is known to induce differentiation at low doses, but the mechanism is not completely elucidated. We have previously reported that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) and brequinar, a DHODH inhibitor, induced differentiation of myeloid leukemia by activating the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)/checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) via pyrimidine depletion. In this study, using immunoblotting, flow cytometry analyses, pharmacologic inhibitors and genetic inactivation of Chk1 in myeloid leukemia cell lines, we show that low dose cytarabine induces differentiation by activating Chk1. In addition, cytarabine induces differentiation ex vivo in a subset of primary AML samples that are sensitive to AICAr and DHODH inhibitor. The results of our study suggest that leukemic cell differentiation stimulated by low doses of cytarabine depends on the activation of Chk1 and thus shares the same pathway as pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tomic
- grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia ,grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Smoljo
- grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia ,grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Lalic
- grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia ,grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vilma Dembitz
- grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia ,grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Batinic
- grid.412688.10000 0004 0397 9648Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Drago Batinic
- grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia ,grid.412688.10000 0004 0397 9648Department of Laboratory Immunology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Bedalov
- grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Dora Visnjic
- grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia ,grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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2
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Investigation of the synergistic effects of paclitaxel and herbal substances and endemic plant extracts on cell cycle and apoptosis signal pathways in prostate cancer cell lines. Gene 2019; 687:261-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Shah S, Fourgeaud C, Derieux S, Mirshahi S, Contant G, Pimpie C, Lo Dico R, Soria J, Pocard M, Mirshahi M. The close relationship between heparanase and epithelial mesenchymal transition in gastric signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33778-33787. [PMID: 30333909 PMCID: PMC6173471 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE), a heparan sulfate-specific endo-β-D-glucuronidase, plays an important role in tumor cell metastasis through the degradation of extracellular matrix heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Suramin, a polysulfonated naphthylurea, is an inhibitor of HPSE with suramin analogues. Our objective was to analyze the HPSE involvement in gastric signet ring cell adenocarcinoma (SRCA) invasion. High expression of HPSE mRNA and protein was found in the tumor and in ascites of SRCA as well as in KATO-III cell line. Beside of collagen-I, growth factors (TGF-β1 and VEGF-A, except FGF-2) and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (Snail, Slug, Vimentin, α-SMA and Fibronectin, except E-cadherin) were found higher in main nodules of SRCA as compared to peritumoral sites. Among MDR proteins, MDR-1 and LRP (lung resistance protein) were highly expressed in tumor cells. The formation of 3D cell spheroids was found to be correlated with their origin (adherent or non-adherent KATO-III). After treatment of KATO-III cells with a HPSE inhibitor (suramin), cell proliferation and EMT-related markers, besides collagen-1 expression, were down regulated. In conclusion, in SRCA, HPSE via an autocrine secretion is involved in acquisition of mesenchymal phenotype and tumor cell malignancy. Therefore, HPSE could be an interesting pharmacological target for the treatment of SRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Shah
- Lariboisière Hospital, INSERM U965, Sorbonne University Paris Cité -Paris 7, 75010 Paris, France.,Present address: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Caroline Fourgeaud
- Lariboisière Hospital, INSERM U965, Sorbonne University Paris Cité -Paris 7, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Simon Derieux
- Lariboisière Hospital, INSERM U965, Sorbonne University Paris Cité -Paris 7, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Shahsoltan Mirshahi
- Lariboisière Hospital, INSERM U965, Sorbonne University Paris Cité -Paris 7, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Cynthia Pimpie
- Lariboisière Hospital, INSERM U965, Sorbonne University Paris Cité -Paris 7, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Rea Lo Dico
- Lariboisière Hospital, INSERM U965, Sorbonne University Paris Cité -Paris 7, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Jeannette Soria
- Lariboisière Hospital, INSERM U965, Sorbonne University Paris Cité -Paris 7, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Marc Pocard
- Lariboisière Hospital, INSERM U965, Sorbonne University Paris Cité -Paris 7, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Massoud Mirshahi
- Lariboisière Hospital, INSERM U965, Sorbonne University Paris Cité -Paris 7, 75010 Paris, France
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Shariati L, Modaress M, Khanahmad H, Hejazi Z, Tabatabaiefar MA, Salehi M, Modarressi MH. Comparison of different methods for erythroid differentiation in the K562 cell line. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:1243-50. [PMID: 27075690 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare methods for erythroid differentiation of K562 cells that will be promising in the treatment of beta-thalassemia by inducing γ-globin synthesis. RESULTS Cells were treated separately with: RPMI 1640 medium without glutamine, RPMI 1640 medium without glutamine supplemented with 1 mM sodium butyrate, RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 1 mM sodium butyrate, 25 µg cisplatin/ml, 0.1 µg cytosine arabinoside/ml. The highest differentiation (84 %) with minimum toxicity was obtained with cisplatin at 15 µg /ml. Real-time RT-PCR showed that expression of the γ-globin gene was significantly higher in the cells differentiated with cisplatin compared to undifferentiated cells (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cisplatin is useful in the experimental therapy of ß-globin gene defects and can be considered for examining the basic mechanism of γ-reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Shariati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Modaress
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hejazi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansoor Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Modarressi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Wu F, Chen WJ, Yan L, Tan GQ, Li WT, Zhu XJ, Ge XC, Liu JW, Wang BL. Mus81 knockdown improves chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inducing S-phase arrest and promoting apoptosis through CHK1 pathway. Cancer Med 2015; 5:370-85. [PMID: 26714930 PMCID: PMC4735774 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As a critical endonuclease in DNA repair, Mus81 is traditionally regarded as a tumor suppressor, but recently correlated with the sensitivity of mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil in colon cancer and breast cancer cells. However, its role in chemosensitivity of other human malignancies still remains unknown. This study therefore aims to investigate the effects of Mus81 knockdown on the chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a usually chemorefractory tumor, and explore the underlying mechanisms. Mus81 expression in HepG2 and Bel-7402 HCC cell lines was depleted by lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA and the elevated sensitivity of these Mus81-inhibited HCC cells to therapeutic agents, especially to epirubicin (EPI), was evidenced by MTT assay and an HCC chemotherapy mouse model. Flow cytometric analysis also showed that Mus81 knockdown lead to an obvious S-phase arrest and an elevated apoptosis in EPI-treated HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells, which could be rescued by CHK1 inhibition. The activation of CHK1/CDC25A/CDK2 pathway was also demonstrated in Mus81-inhibited HepG2 cells and xenograft mouse tumors under EPI treatment. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of HepG2 cells in response to EPI was remarkably promoted by Mus81 knockdown through activating p53/Bax/Caspase-3 pathway under the controlling of CHK1. In addition, CHK2 inhibition slightly raised CHK1 activity, thereby enhancing the S-phase arrest and apoptosis induced by EPI in Mus81-suppressed HCC cells. In conclusion, Mus81 knockdown improves the chemosensitivity of HCC cells by inducing S-phase arrest and promoting apoptosis through CHK1 pathway, suggesting Mus81 as a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Lun Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Guo-Qian Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Wei-Tao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Xuan-Jin Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Ge
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Bai-Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
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6
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Cai J, Gong R, Yan F, Yu C, Liu L, Wang W, Lin Y, Guo M, Li W, Huang Z. ZNF300 knockdown inhibits forced megakaryocytic differentiation by phorbol and erythrocytic differentiation by arabinofuranosyl cytidine in K562 cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114768. [PMID: 25485965 PMCID: PMC4259388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that ZNF300 might play a role in leukemogenesis. In this study, we further investigated the function of ZNF300 in K562 cells undergoing differentiation. We found that ZNF300 upregulation in K562 cells coincided with megakaryocytic differentiation induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) or erythrocytic differentiation induced by cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), respectively. To further test whether ZNF300 upregulation promoted differentiation, we knocked down ZNF300 and found that ZNF300 knockdown effectively abolished PMA-induced megakaryocytic differentiation, evidenced by decreased CD61 expression. Furthermore, Ara-C-induced erythrocytic differentiation was also suppressed in ZNF300 knockdown cells with decreased γ-globin expression and CD235a expression. These observations suggest that ZNF300 may be a critical factor controlling distinct aspects of K562 cells. Indeed, ZNF300 knockdown led to increased cell proliferation. Consistently, ZNF300 knockdown cells exhibited an increased percentage of cells at S phase accompanied by decreased percentage of cells at G0/G1 and G2/M phase. Increased cell proliferation was further supported by the increased expression of cell proliferation marker PCNA and the decreased expression of cell cycle regulator p15 and p27. In addition, MAPK/ERK signaling was significantly suppressed by ZNF300 knockdown. These findings suggest a potential mechanism by which ZNF300 knockdown may impair megakaryocytic and erythrocytic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Gong
- Hubei International Travel Healthcare Center, Hubei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of P. R. China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fengjuan Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunjie Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingxiong Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (WL); (ZH)
| | - Zan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (WL); (ZH)
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7
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Abstract
Mitotic catastrophe, which refers to cell death or its prologue triggered by aberrant mitosis, can be induced by a heterogeneous group of stimuli, including chromosome damage or perturbation of the mitotic apparatus. We investigated the mechanism of mitotic catastrophe and cell death induced by depletion of centrosomal proteins that perturbs microtubule organization. We transfected cells harboring wild-type or mutated p53 with siRNAs targeting Aurora A, ninein, TOG, TACC3, γ-tubulin, or pericentriolar material-1, and monitored the effects on cell death. Knockdown of Aurora A, ninein, TOG, and TACC3 led to cell death, regardless of p53 status. Knockdown of Aurora A, ninein, and TOG, led to aberrant spindle formation and subsequent cell death, which was accompanied by several features of apoptosis, including nuclear condensation and Annexin V binding in HeLa cells. During this process, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, caspase-3, and caspase-9 was detected, but cleavage of caspase-8 was not. Cell death, monitored by time-lapse imaging, occurred during both interphase and M phase. In cells depleted of a centrosomal protein (Aurora A, ninein, or TOG), the rate of cell death was higher if the cells were cotransfected with siRNA against BubR1 or Mad2 than if they were transfected with siRNA against Bub1 or a control siRNA. These results suggest that metaphase arrest is necessary for the mitotic catastrophe and cell death caused by depletion of centrosomal proteins. Knockdown of centrosomal proteins led to increased phosphorylation of Chk2. Enhanced p-Chk2 localization was also observed at the centrosome in cells arrested in M phase, as well as in the nuclei of dying cells. Cotransfection of siRNAs against Chk2, in combination with depletion of a centrosomal protein, decreased the amount of cell death. Thus, Chk2 activity is indispensable for apoptosis after mitotic catastrophe induced by depletion of centrosomal proteins that perturbs microtubule organization.
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8
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Leukemogenesis as a new approach to investigate the correlation between up regulated gene 4/upregulator of cell proliferation (URG4/URGCP) and signal transduction genes in leukemia. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:3043-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Kokorina NA, Granier CJ, Zakharkin SO, Davis S, Rabson AB, Sabaawy HE. PDCD2 knockdown inhibits erythroid but not megakaryocytic lineage differentiation of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Exp Hematol 2012; 40:1028-1042.e3. [PMID: 22922207 PMCID: PMC5218995 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death-2 (PDCD2) protein is enriched in embryonic, hematopoietic, and neural stem cells, however, its function in stem/progenitor cell differentiation is unclear. We investigated the effects of PDCD2 knockdown on the development and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). CD34(+) cells derived from normal human bone marrow and K562 leukemic cells were effectively transduced with short-hairpin RNA to knockdown PDCD2. Colony-forming assays were used to investigate the effects of PDCD2 loss on HPC clonogenic potential and on 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-and arabinofuranosylcytosine-induced terminal differentiation. In CD34(+) clonogenic progenitors, PDCD2 knockdown decreased the total number of colony-forming units, increased the number of colony-forming units-granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage-megakaryocyte and burst-forming unit-erythroid primitive colonies, and decreased the number of burst-forming unit-erythroid mature colonies. Similar results were observed in K562 cells, suggesting that PDCD2 is important for HPC differentiation and/or survival, and for erythroid lineage commitment. Furthermore, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-induced megakaryocytic differentiation and proliferation of K562 cells was not affected by PDCD2 knockdown. In contrast, arabinofuranosylcytosine-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells was significantly reduced with PDCD2 knockdown, with no effect on cell proliferation. The effects of PDCD2 knockdown were attributed to a cell cycle arrest at G(0)/G(1), along with increased messenger RNA expression of early progenitor factors c-MYB and GATA-2, and decreased expression of erythroid factors GATA-1, EpoR, and γ-globin. We conclude that PDCD2 loss of function(s) impedes erythroid differentiation by inducing cell cycle arrest and increasing expression of early hematopoietic progenitor factors. These findings suggest that PDCD2 has a novel regulatory role in human hematopoiesis and is essential for erythroid development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephani Davis
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Arnold B. Rabson
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Hatem E. Sabaawy
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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10
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Lavecchia A, Di Giovanni C, Pesapane A, Montuori N, Ragno P, Martucci NM, Masullo M, De Vendittis E, Novellino E. Discovery of new inhibitors of Cdc25B dual specificity phosphatases by structure-based virtual screening. J Med Chem 2012; 55:4142-58. [PMID: 22524450 DOI: 10.1021/jm201624h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell division cycle 25 (Cdc25) proteins are highly conserved dual specificity phosphatases that regulate cyclin-dependent kinases and represent attractive drug targets for anticancer therapies. To discover more potent and diverse inhibitors of Cdc25 biological activity, virtual screening was performed by docking 2.1 million compounds into the Cdc25B active site. An initial subset of top-ranked compounds was selected and assayed, and 15 were found to have enzyme inhibition activity at micromolar concentration. Among these, four structurally diverse inhibitors with a different inhibition profile were found to inhibit human MCF-7, PC-3, and K562 cancer cell proliferation and significantly affect the cell cycle progression. A subsequent hierarchical similarity search with the most active reversible Cdc25B inhibitor found led to the identification of an additional set of 19 ligands, three of which were confirmed as Cdc25B inhibitors with IC(50) values of 7.9, 4.2, and 9.9 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lavecchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Drug Discovery Laboratory, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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11
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Schneider L, d'Adda di Fagagna F. Neural stem cells exposed to BrdU lose their global DNA methylation and undergo astrocytic differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:5332-42. [PMID: 22379135 PMCID: PMC3384327 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodeoxyuridine (5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine, BrdU) is a halogenated nucleotide of low toxicity commonly used to monitor DNA replication. It is considered a valuable tool for in vitro and in vivo studies, including the detection of the small population of neural stem cells (NSC) in the mammalian brain. Here, we show that NSC grown in self-renewing conditions in vitro, when exposed to BrdU, lose the expression of stem cell markers like Nestin, Sox2 and Pax6 and undergo glial differentiation, strongly up-regulating the astrocytic marker GFAP. The onset of GFAP expression in BrdU exposed NSC was paralleled by a reduced expression of key DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) and a rapid loss of global DNA CpG methylation, as we determined by our specially developed analytic assay. Remarkably, a known DNA demethylating compound, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (Decitabine), had similar effect on demethylation and differentiation of NSC. Since our key findings apply also to NSC derived from murine forebrain, our observations strongly suggest more caution in BrdU uses in stem cells research. We also propose that BrdU and its related substances may also open new opportunities for differentiation therapy in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Schneider
- IFOM Foundation, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.
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12
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Abstract
The discovery of human DNA polymerase eta (pol η) has a major impact on the fields of DNA replication/repair fields. Since the discovery of human pol η, a number of new DNA polymerases with the ability to bypass various DNA lesions have been discovered. Among these polymerases, pol η is the most extensively studied lesion bypass polymerase with a defined major biological function, that is, to replicate across the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers introduced by UV irradiation. Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer is a major DNA lesion that causes distortion of DNA structure and block the replicative DNA polymerases during DNA replication process. Genetic defects in the pol η gene, Rad30, results in a disease called xeroderma pigmentosum variant. This review focuses on the overall properties of pol η and the mechanism that involved in regulating its activity in cells. In addition, the role of pol η in the action of DNA-targeting anticancer compounds is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-ming Chou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Koh W, Jeong SJ, Lee HJ, Ryu HG, Lee EO, Ahn KS, Bae H, Kim SH. Melatonin promotes puromycin-induced apoptosis with activation of caspase-3 and 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase-alpha in human leukemia HL-60 cells. J Pineal Res 2011; 50:367-73. [PMID: 21244482 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a naturally occurring molecule, is produced by the pineal gland in a circadian manner to regulate biologic rhythms in humans. Recent studies report that melatonin may be an attractive candidate as an anticancer agent or for combined therapy because of its antioxidant, oncostatic and immunoregulatory activities. In this study, the potentiating effect of melatonin was evaluated on the apoptosis induced by puromycin as an anticancer drug in acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Melatonin did not show significant cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells compared to puromycin. However, melatonin significantly augmented the cytotoxicity of puromycin. Consistently, combined treatment of melatonin and puromycin reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, such as bcl-2 and bcl-x(L) , and also induced caspase-3 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage compared to puromycin treatment alone. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis revealed that melatonin promoted puromycin-induced apoptosis by increasing the sub-G1 population, but suppressing G2/M arrest in HL-60 cells. Interestingly, melatonin activated the phosphorylation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) in combination with puromycin. Taken together, our results suggest that melatonin potentiates puromycin-induced apoptosis with caspase-3 and AMPK activation in HL-60 cells, and thus, melatonin treatment can be effectively applied to leukemia treatment as a potential sensitizer for chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonil Koh
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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14
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Boles NC, Peddibhotla S, Chen AJ, Goodell MA, Rosen JM. Chk1 haploinsufficiency results in anemia and defective erythropoiesis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8581. [PMID: 20052416 PMCID: PMC2798715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythropoiesis is a highly regulated and well-characterized developmental process responsible for providing the oxygen transport system of the body. However, few of the mechanisms involved in this process have been elucidated. Checkpoint Kinase 1 (Chk1) is best known for its role in the cell cycle and DNA damage pathways, and it has been shown to play a part in several pathways which when disrupted can lead to anemia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, we show that haploinsufficiency of Chk1 results in 30% of mice developing anemia within the first year of life. The anemic Chk1+/- mice exhibit distorted spleen and bone marrow architecture, and abnormal erythroid progenitors. Furthermore, Chk1+/- erythroid progenitors exhibit an increase in spontaneous DNA damage foci and improper contractile actin ring formation resulting in aberrant enucleation during erythropoiesis. A decrease in Chk1 RNA has also been observed in patients with refractory anemia with excess blasts, further supporting a role for Chk1 in clinical anemia. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Clinical trials of Chk1 inhibitors are currently underway to treat cancer, and thus it will be important to track the effects of these drugs on red blood cell development over an extended period. Our results support a role for Chk1 in maintaining the balance between erythroid progenitors and enucleated erythroid cells during differentiation. We show disruptions in Chk1 levels can lead to anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C. Boles
- Interdepartmental Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sirisha Peddibhotla
- Interdepartmental Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alice J. Chen
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Margaret A. Goodell
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Cailleteau C, Liagre B, Beneytout JL. A proteomic approach to the identification of molecular targets in subsequent apoptosis of HEL cells after diosgenin-induced megakaryocytic differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:785-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Effect of differentiating agents (all-trans retinoic acid and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) on drug sensitivity of HL60 and NB4 cells in vitro. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2008; 46:323-30. [DOI: 10.2478/v10042-008-0080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Viola G, Vedaldi D, Dall'Acqua F, Fortunato E, Basso G, Bianchi N, Zuccato C, Borgatti M, Lampronti I, Gambari R. Induction of gamma-globin mRNA, erythroid differentiation and apoptosis in UVA-irradiated human erythroid cells in the presence of furocumarin derivatives. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 75:810-25. [PMID: 18022602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Psoralens, also known as furocoumarins, are a class of photosensitizers largely used in the therapy of various skin diseases. In this study we have evaluated the combined effects of UVA irradiation and furocoumarins derivatives on (a) erythroid differentiation and apoptosis of human leukemia K562 cells and (b) globin gene expression in cultures of human erythroid progenitors derived from the peripheral blood. To prove the activity of a series of linear and angular furocoumarins derivatives, we employed the human leukemia K562 cell line and the two-phase liquid culture procedure for growing erythroid progenitors. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase-chain assay (Q-RT-PCR) was employed for quantification of the accumulation of globin mRNAs. The results obtained demonstrate that both linear and angular furocoumarins are strong inducers of erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. From a preliminary screening, we have selected two derivatives, 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) and trimethylangelicin (TMA), for which we have investigated their mechanism of action. The cell cycle analysis showed that these derivatives induce, after irradiation, a cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, followed by apoptosis. Mitochondrial depolarisation and caspases activation seem to be involved in the mechanism of cell death. In erythroid precursor cells, psoralens in combination with UVA irradiation, stimulate at very low concentrations a preferential increase of gamma-globin mRNA. Altogether, these data suggest that psoralen derivatives warrant further evaluation as potential therapeutic drugs in beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampietro Viola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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18
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Microcytosis in ank/ank mice and the role of ANKH in promoting erythroid differentiation. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:4120-9. [PMID: 17950726 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Progressive ankylosis (Ank and the human homolog, ANKH) is a transmembrane protein which regulates transport of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). ank/ank mice with a mutated ank gene, have calcification and bone ankylosis of the affected joints. In the course of studying these mutant mice, we found that they have microcytosis. These mutant mice have lower mean red blood cell volume (MCV) and lower hemoglobin content in red cells (mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCH) than normal mice. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis, we showed that Ank was expressed in the E/Meg bipotent precursor, BFU-E, CFU-E, but there was no Ank expression in the hemoglobinizing erythroblasts. Stable ANKH transfectants in K562 cells highly expressed two immature erythroid cell markers, E-cadherin and endoglin. Enhanced Erythropoietin (Epo) expression and downregulation of SHP-1 were detected in these transfectants. Consequently, the autocrine Epo-EpoR signaling pathway was activated, as evidenced by higher p-Tyr JAK2, p-Tyr EpoR and p-Tyr STAT5B in the ANKH transfectants. Our results revealed a novel function of ANKH in the promotion of early erythroid differentiation in K562 cells. We also showed that ank/ank mice have lower serum levels of Epo than the normal littermates, and this is the likely cause of microcytosis in these mutant mice.
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19
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Chou YH, Ho YS, Wu CC, Chai CY, Chen SC, Lee CH, Tsai PS, Wu CH. Tubulozole-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in human colon cancer cells through formation of microtubule polymerization mediated by ERK1/2 and Chk1 kinase activation. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:1356-67. [PMID: 17329004 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Revised: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Our studies demonstrated that human colon cancer cells (COLO 205), with higher expression level of check point kinase 1 (Chk1), were more sensitive to microtubule damage agent Tubulozole (TUBU) induced G2/M phase arrest than normal human colon epithelial (CRL) cells. TUBU (10 microM, for 3h) treatment resulted in rapid and sustained phosphorylation of Cdc25C (Ser-216) leading to increased 14-3-3beta binding. This resulted in increased nuclear translocation. In addition, TUBU induced phosphorylation of the Cdc25C (Ser-216) and Bad (Ser-155) proteins were blocked by Chk1 SiRNA-transfection. Surprisingly, cellular apotosis was observed in cells treated with TUBU after Chk1 SiRNA inhibition. We further demonstrated that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation by TUBU was needed for Chk1 kinase activation and microtubule formation as shown by the attenuation of these responses by the ERK1/2 specific inhibitor PD98059. However, TUBU induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was not blocked in the Chk1 SiRNA-transfected COLO 205 cells. These results imply that ERK1/2 mediated Chk1 activation may be play an important role in determining TUBU induced G2/M arrest or apoptosis in COLO 205 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean-Hwei Chou
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University and Hospital, No. 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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20
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Katsuma S, Daimon T, Mita K, Shimada T. Lepidopteran ortholog of Drosophila breathless is a receptor for the baculovirus fibroblast growth factor. J Virol 2007; 80:5474-81. [PMID: 16699027 PMCID: PMC1472154 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00248-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) encodes a gene homologous to the mammalian fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. We report the cloning of B. mori and Spodoptera frugiperda orthologous genes (Bmbtl and Sfbtl, respectively) of Drosophila melanogaster breathless (btl) encoding a receptor for Branchless/FGF and show that these genes encode the receptor for a baculovirus-encoded FGF (vFGF). Sequence analysis showed that BmBtl is composed of 856 amino acid residues, which potentially encodes a 97.3-kDa polypeptide and shares structural features and sequence similarities with the FGF receptor family. Reverse transcription-PCR experiments showed that Bmbtl was abundantly expressed in the trachea and midgut in B. mori larvae, with moderate expression observed in the hemocytes and the B. mori cultured cell line BmN. We generated Sf-9 cells that stably expressed His-tagged BmBtl. Western blot analysis revealed that BmBtl was an approximately 110-kDa protein. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that BmNPV vFGF markedly phosphorylated BmBtl in Sf-9 cells. In addition, we found that BmBtl overexpression enhanced the migration activity for BmNPV vFGF. Furthermore, we generated Sf-9 cells in which Sfbtl was knocked down by transfection with double-strand RNA-expressing plasmids. In these cells, cell motility triggered by vFGF was markedly reduced. These results strongly suggest that the Btl orthologs, BmBtl and SfBtl, are the receptors for vFGF, which mediate vFGF-induced host cell chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Katsuma
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Czyz M, Szulawska A, Bednarek AK, Düchler M. Effects of anthracycline derivatives on human leukemia K562 cell growth and differentiation. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 70:1431-42. [PMID: 16185667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2005] [Revised: 08/14/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
New derivatives of daunorubicin (DRB), doxorubicin (DOX), and epidoxorubicin (EDOX) with an amidine group bonded to C-3' of daunosamine moiety with either morpholine or hexamethyleneimine ring attached to the amidine group are studied in this paper. We have shown that all of these newly synthesized anthracycline derivatives inhibit human leukemia K562 cell line proliferation but only some of them induce erythroid differentiation when used at subtoxic concentrations. Morpholine derivative of DOX has the greatest potential to inhibit proliferation and to induce differentiation in vitro. The correlation between these two cellular processes was also significant for other tested compounds. In cell cycle analysis, we have demonstrated that those anthracycline derivatives that exert the greatest cytostatic potential caused G(2)/M arrest, which in turn, might contribute to the development of a differentiating phenotype. The concentrations of the compounds used in the study are pharmacologically relevant. These new potent inducers of differentiation might be exploited as anticancer drugs for treatment of leukemia by differentiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
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