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Yuan F, Yong J, Liu X, Wang Y. Selinexor assists vorinostat in inhibiting HDAC activity via promoting the accumulation of maspin in the nucleus of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:1-16. [PMID: 36713062 PMCID: PMC9880106 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most common oral cancer with a low overall survival rate, necessitating effective treatments. This study reports the anti-OTSCC effect of vorinostat and selinexor. OTSCC cell lines SCC-4 and SCC-25 were cultured to determine the effects of vorinostat and/or selinexor on cell survival, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. The transplanted tumor model of SCC-25 in nude mice was established to observe the therapeutic effects of vorinostat and/or selinexor. Western blotting was used to determine protein expressions in tumor cells. The results showed that histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and exportin 1 (XPO1) were highly expressed, while nuclear maspin was expressed at a low rate in SCC-4 and SCC-25 compared to the normal tongue tissue. In vitro, both vorinostat and selinexor effectively inhibited cell viability, invasion, and migration, promoted cell apoptosis, down-regulated HDAC1, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), and B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and up-regulated nuclear maspin and cleaved caspase 3. In vivo, both vorinostat and selinexor inhibited the growth of SCC-25-bearing tumors, down-regulated the expression of Ki67, HDAC1, MMP2, and Bcl-2, and promoted the expression of nuclear maspin and cleaved caspase 3. The combination of these two drugs exhibited synergistic effects both in vivo and in vitro. Our evidence shows that vorinostat combined with selinexor is an effective treatment for OTSCC. The mechanism may be that selinexor promotes the accumulation of maspin in the nucleus, an endogenous HDAC1 inhibitory protein to inhibit the HDAC1 activity of vorinostat and exert a synergistic anti-OTSCC effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenqian Yuan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 519 East Beijing Road, Nanchang, 330029 Jiangxi China
| | - Jingkang Yong
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 519 East Beijing Road, Nanchang, 330029 Jiangxi China
| | - Xueming Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 519 East Beijing Road, Nanchang, 330029 Jiangxi China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 519 East Beijing Road, Nanchang, 330029 Jiangxi China
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2
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Azmi AS, Uddin MH, Mohammad RM. The nuclear export protein XPO1 - from biology to targeted therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:152-169. [PMID: 33173198 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-00442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exportin 1 (XPO1), also known as chromosome region maintenance protein 1, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis via the regulated export of a range of cargoes, including proteins and several classes of RNAs, from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Dysregulation of this protein plays a pivotal role in the development of various solid and haematological malignancies. Furthermore, XPO1 is associated with resistance to several standard-of-care therapies, including chemotherapies and targeted therapies, making it an attractive target of novel cancer therapies. Over the years, a number of selective inhibitors of nuclear export have been developed. However, only selinexor has been clinically validated. The novel mechanism of action of XPO1 inhibitors implies a different toxicity profile to that of other agents and has proved challenging in certain settings. Nonetheless, data from clinical trials have led to the approval of the XPO1 inhibitor selinexor (plus dexamethasone) as a fifth-line therapy for patients with multiple myeloma and as a monotherapy for patients with relapsed and/or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. In this Review, we summarize the progress and challenges in the development of nuclear export inhibitors and discuss the potential of emerging combination therapies and biomarkers of response.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Hydrazines/therapeutic use
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Triazoles/therapeutic use
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed H Uddin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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3
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Franz L, Tealdo G, Contro G, Bandolin L, Carraro V, Giacomelli L, Alessandrini L, Blandamura S, Marioni G. Biological tumor markers (maspin,
CD105
,
nm23‐H1
) and disease relapse in laryngeal cancer: cluster analysis. Head Neck 2020; 42:2129-2136. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.26152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Franz
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology SectionUniversity of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Giulia Tealdo
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology SectionUniversity of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Giacomo Contro
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology SectionUniversity of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Luigia Bandolin
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology SectionUniversity of Padova Padova Italy
| | | | - Luciano Giacomelli
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology SectionUniversity of Padova Padova Italy
| | | | | | - Gino Marioni
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology SectionUniversity of Padova Padova Italy
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4
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Expression of maspin tumor suppressor and mTOR in laryngeal carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol 2020; 41:102322. [PMID: 31732312 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation into the possible relationship between mTOR and the nuclear tumor suppressor maspin in laryngeal carcinoma (LSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS mTOR expression and maspin pattern were ascertained, also with the aid of image analysis in 79 consecutive LSCCs. RESULTS Considering the whole series, univariate statistical analysis identified significant differences in the distributions by lymph node status (N0 vs N+) between two subgroups of patients with and without loco-regional carcinoma recurrences (p = 0.017). The log-rank test also showed a shorter disease-free survival (DFS) in pN+ patients (p = 0.0008). mTOR expression was significantly higher in patients whose disease recurred (p = 0.009). The DFS rate was also significantly shorter in cases of LSCC with an mTOR expression ≥11.55% (p = 0.049). Multivariate analysis showed that N status (p = 0.002) and mTOR expression (p = 0.037) retained their prognostic significance in relation to cancer recurrence. In a subgroup of LSCCs with a non-nuclear maspin pattern, mTOR expression was significantly higher in patients whose disease recurred. Multivariate analysis disclosed that N stage (p = 0.012) retained its independent prognostic significance for disease recurrence in this setting. mTOR expression showed a trend towards independent significance in terms of carcinoma recurrence (p = 0.083). CONCLUSIONS mTOR inhibitors seem promising for use in cancer therapies. Further investigations are needed on the prospects of incorporating modern mTOR inhibitors in multimodality or multitarget strategies against advanced LSCCs, also considering the role and expression of tumor suppressor genes.
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Banias L, Jung I, Gurzu S. Subcellular expression of maspin – from normal tissue to tumor cells. World J Meta-Anal 2019; 7:142-155. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v7.i4.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maspin or SerpinB5, a member of the serine protease inhibitor family, was shown to function as a tumor suppressor, especially in carcinomas. It seems to inhibit invasion, tumor cells motility and angiogenesis, and promotes apoptosis. Maspin can also induce epigenetic changes such as cytosine methylation, de-acetylation, chromatin condensation, and histone modulation. In this review, a comprehensive synthesis of the literature was done to present maspin function from normal tissues to pathologic conditions. Data was sourced from MEDLINE and PubMed. Study eligibility criteria included: Published in English, between 1994 and 2019, specific to humans, and with full-text availability. Most of the 118 studies included in the present review focused on maspin immunostaining and mRNA levels. It was shown that maspin function is organ-related and depends on its subcellular localization. In malignant tumors, it might be downregulated or negative (e.g., carcinoma of prostate, stomach, and breast) or upregulated (e.g., colorectal and pancreatic tumors). Its subcellular localization (nuclear vs cytoplasm), which can be proved using immunohistochemical methods, was shown to influence both tumor behavior and response to chemotherapy. Although the number of maspin-related papers increased, the exact role of this protein remains unknown, and its interpretation should be done with extremely high caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Banias
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tirgu-Mures, Tirgu Mures 540139, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Tirgu Mures 540139, Romania
| | - Ioan Jung
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tirgu-Mures, Tirgu Mures 540139, Romania
| | - Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tirgu-Mures, Tirgu Mures 540139, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Tirgu Mures 540139, Romania
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Marioni G, Cappellesso R, Ottaviano G, Fasanaro E, Marchese-Ragona R, Favaretto N, Giacomelli L, Guzzardo V, Martini A, Fassina A, Blandamura S. Nuclear nonmetastatic protein 23-H1 expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in laryngeal carcinoma: A pilot investigation. Head Neck 2018; 40:2020-2028. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gino Marioni
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Ottaviano
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Elena Fasanaro
- Department of Radiotherapy; Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS; Padova Italy
| | | | - Niccolò Favaretto
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Martini
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Ambrogio Fassina
- Department of Medicine DIMED; University of Padova; Padova Italy
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7
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Acikalin D, Oner U, Can C, Acikalin MF, Colak E. Predictive Value of Maspin and Ki-67 Expression in Transurethral Resection Specimens in Patients with T1 Bladder Cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 98:344-50. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161209800311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background To evaluate the clinical significance of maspin and Ki-67 expression in patients with newly diagnosed T1 bladder cancer. Methods and study design Maspin and Ki-67 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry from paraffin-embedded tissues of 68 patients undergoing transurethral resection for bladder cancer. Clinicopathological data were retrospectively reviewed from available charts and pathological reports. Maspin and Ki-67 expression levels were classified according to the staining percentage. Cases in which at least 5% of the tumor cells stained for maspin were scored as positive. Ki-67 labeling index was considered to be positive when samples demonstrated >10% reactivity. Results Maspin expression was found as an independent predictor of recurrence and progression (P <0.05). Patients with negative maspin expression were 2.191 times more likely to relapse than patients with positive maspin expression. Patients with negative maspin expression were 4.345 times more likely to progress than patients with positive maspin expression. Furthermore, the maspin-negative group was found to have shorter recurrence and progression-free survival (P <0.05). No significant association was found between maspin subcellular localization pattern and recurrence-free, progression-free or overall survival (P >0.05). There was no correlation between Ki-67 expression and tumor recurrence, progression or tumor-related death (P >0.05). Chi-square tests showed a significant relationship between Ki-67 expression and tumor size and tumor grade (P <0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggested that the evaluation of maspin expression in stage T1 bladder tumors is a useful prognostic marker for predicting the tumor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Acikalin
- Department of Pathology, Eskisehir
Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ulku Oner
- Department of Pathology, Eskisehir
Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Cavit Can
- Department of Urology, Eskisehir
Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa F Acikalin
- Department of Pathology, Eskisehir
Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Eskisehir
Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir, Turkey
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8
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Leopizzi M, Cocchiola R, Milanetti E, Raimondo D, Politi L, Giordano C, Scandurra R, Scotto d'Abusco A. IKKα inibition by a glucosamine derivative enhances Maspin expression in osteosarcoma cell line. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 262:19-28. [PMID: 27931795 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been associated to cancer development by the alteration of several inflammatory pathways, such as Nuclear Factor-κB pathway. In particular, IκB kinase α (IKKα), one of two catalytic subunit of IKK complex, has been described to be associated to cancer progression and metastasis in a number of cancers. The molecular mechanism by which IKKα affects cancer progression is not yet completely clarified, anyway an association between IKKα and the expression of Maspin (Mammary Serine Protease Inhibitor or SerpinB5), a tumor suppressor protein, has been described. IKKα shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus, and when is localized into the nuclei, IKKα regulates the expression of several genes, among them Maspin gene, whose expression is repressed by high amount of nuclear IKKα. Considering that high levels of Maspin have been associated with reduced metastatic progression, it could be hypothesized that the repression of IKKα nuclear translocation could be associated with the repression of metastatic phenotype. The present study is aimed to explore the ability of a glucosamine derivative, 2-(N-Carbobenzyloxy)l-phenylalanylamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucose (NCPA), synthesized in our laboratory, to stimulate the production of Maspin in an osteosarcoma cell line, 143B. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting experiments showed that NCPA is able to inhibit IKKα nuclear translocation, and to stimulate Maspin production. Moreover, in association with stimulation of Maspin production we found the decrease of β1 Integrin expression, the down-regulation of metalloproteases MMP-9 and MMP-13 production and cell migration inhibition. Taking in account that β1 Integrin and MMP-9 and -13 have been correlated with the invasiveness of osteosarcoma, considering that NCPA affects the invasiveness of 143B cell line, we suggest that this molecule could affect the osteosarcoma metastatic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Leopizzi
- Dept of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sapienza University, Polo Pontino, Corso Della Repubblica 79, Latina, Italy
| | - Rossana Cocchiola
- Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Edoardo Milanetti
- Dept. of Physics, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Domenico Raimondo
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Roma, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Politi
- Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Cesare Giordano
- Biomolecular Chemistry CNR Institute, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Scandurra
- Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Scotto d'Abusco
- Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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Çelik H, Turunç T, Bal N, Hasirci E, Akay A, Peşkircioğlu ÇL. Expression of maspin in testis tumors with germ cells andits relation with angiogenesis factors. Turk J Med Sci 2016; 46:1197-202. [PMID: 27513425 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1504-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We aimed to evaluate the importance of maspin expression in testicular tumors with germ cells, its effect on prognosis, and the relation with angiogenesis factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The paraffin blocks of the orchiectomy materials of 32 patients who had undergone orchiectomy due to testicular tumors were taken within the scope of the study. The specimens of the cases included in the study group were reexamined under light microscope. RESULTS While just one maspin-positive sample was found in the seminoma cases, maspin stained positively in 6 of the nonseminoma germ cell tumors (NSGCTs). No statistical difference was found between maspin and tumor stage, size, alpha fetoprotein values, vascular endothelial growth factor, Ki-67, and CD31. A statistically positive correlation was only determined between maspin and p53 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Maspin protein, whose expression in some tumors is accepted as a poor prognostic factor, is also expressed in testicular tumors with germ cells. However, according to our study, it is difficult to say whether this protein is a favorable or poor prognostic factor in testicular tumors and to understand how the effect mechanism works. The positive correlation between maspin and p53 in the NSGCTs makes us think that maspin might have displayed an effect on the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Çelik
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Tahsin Turunç
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nebil Bal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Eray Hasirci
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Alaaddin Akay
- Department of Urology, Batman State Hospital, Batman, Turkey
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Abstract
Cancer metastasis is highly inefficient and complex. Common features of metastatic cancer cells have been observed using cancer cell lines and genetically reconstituted mouse and human tumor xenograft models. These include cancer cell interaction with the tumor microenvironment and the ability of cancer cells to sense extracellular stimuli and adapt to adverse growth conditions. This review summarizes the coordinated response of cancer cells to soluble growth factors, such as RANKL, by a unique feed forward mechanism employing coordinated upregulation of RANKL and c-Met with downregulation of androgen receptor. The RANK-mediated signal network was found to drive epithelial to mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells, promote osteomimicry and the ability of prostate cancer cells to assume stem cell and neuroendocrine phenotypes, and confer the ability of prostate cancer cells to home to bone. Prostate cancer cells with activated RANK-mediated signal network were observed to recruit and even transform the non-tumorigenic prostate cancer cells to participate in bone and soft tissue colonization. The coordinated regulation of cancer cell invasion and metastasis by the feed forward mechanism involving RANKL, c-Met, transcription factors, and VEGF-neuropilin could offer new therapeutic opportunities to target prostate cancer bone and soft tissue metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Chia-Yi Chu
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Samuel Orchin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA,
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Lionello M, Blandamura S, Staffieri C, Tealdo G, Giacomelli L, Marchese Ragona R, de Filippis C, Staffieri A, Marioni G. Postoperative radiotherapy for laryngeal carcinoma: the prognostic role of subcellular Maspin expression. Am J Otolaryngol 2015; 36:184-9. [PMID: 25459315 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reported outcomes of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) have varied and sometimes been disappointing. The aim of the present preliminary study was to investigate whether a given immunohistochemical pattern of Maspin expression in laryngeal carcinoma cells could be prognostically associated with response to PORT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two consecutive patients treated for LSCC with primary surgery and PORT. The subcellular (nuclear vs non-nuclear) pattern of Maspin expression was assessed immunohistochemically on LSCC surgical specimens and analyzed in relation to recurrence rate (RR) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS A non-nuclear Maspin expression was found in 23 of 32 cases (72%), and all recurrences (17 cases) occurred in this subgroup of patients. A non-nuclear Maspin expression was strongly associated with recurrence [p = 0.0002, hazard ratio (HR) 5.58] and a shorter DFS (p = 0.0004) after PORT for LSCC. Even in N0 patients, a non-nuclear Maspin expression was associated with a significantly higher RR (p = 0.04, HR 1.42) and a shorter DFS (p = 0.02). Among the common clinic-pathological parameters considered, only N stage showed a trend toward an association with prognosis in terms of DFS (p = 0.08). CONCLUSION Assessing subcellular patterns of Maspin expression in LSCC specimens could identify patients less likely to respond to PORT, who might benefit from combined chemo-radiotherapy to improve the efficacy of adjuvant protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lionello
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Claudia Staffieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, Treviso Branch, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giulia Tealdo
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Cosimo de Filippis
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Staffieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gino Marioni
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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12
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Expression of maspin and ezrin proteins in periocular Basal cell carcinoma. Dermatol Res Pract 2014; 2014:596564. [PMID: 25580109 PMCID: PMC4279255 DOI: 10.1155/2014/596564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The aim of this study was to investigate maspin and ezrin expression in different subtypes of periocular basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Methods. Tissue samples from 43 patients with periocular BCC. Our cases were comprised of 10 morpheaform, 25 nodular, and 8 adenoid type BCCs. Immunohistochemical staining for maspin and ezrin was performed by Envision detection system. Results. There was no difference between different subtypes of BCC in maspin expression regarding positivity, intensity, and pattern of expression. Ezrin was expressed in all subtypes of BCC but the intensity was significantly higher in morpheaform BCC compared to nodular and adenoid types (P < 0.001 and P = 0.012, resp.); ninety percent of morpheaform samples showed strong ezrin intensity, while this strong intensity was only present in 25% and 12% of adenoid and nodular subtypes, respectively. There was no correlation between age, sex, or tumor margin involvement and expression of neither maspin nor ezrin. There was no correlation between maspin and ezrin expression except in nodular type, in which an inverse correlation was found (P = 0.004). Conclusion. Ezrin is expressed intensely in morpheaform BCC of periocular region. Further studies are needed to show the significance of this finding in prognosis of morpheaform BCC.
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13
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Takeda C, Takagi Y, Shiomi T, Nosaka K, Yamashita H, Osaki M, Endo K, Minamizaki T, Teshima R, Nagashima H, Umekita Y. Cytoplasmic maspin expression predicts poor prognosis of patients with soft tissue sarcomas. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:205. [PMID: 25358722 PMCID: PMC4223157 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-014-0205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maspin is a 42 kDa protein known to act as a tumor suppressor. Although its function has not been fully elucidated, numerous reports have investigated the prognostic impact of maspin in patients with several types of cancer. However, there have been no reports on the association between maspin expression and the prognosis of patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STS). The aim of this study was thus to explore the association of maspin expression with the prognosis of patients with STS. METHODS One-hundred and eight paraffin-embedded STS tissue samples were immunohistochemically analyzed using antibodies for maspin and Ki-67 antigen. The patients were followed up for 1 to 300 months (median: 33 months) and the prognostic value was evaluated by log-rank test and Cox's regression hazard model. RESULTS Cytoplasmic maspin expression was observed in 48.1% of specimens, and was significantly correlated with a higher FNCLCC grade (P = 0.002) and the presence of distant metastases (P = 0.001), and those with cytoplasmic maspin expression had both shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) by log-rank test (P <0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). By Cox's multivariate analysis, the presence of distant metastases was the only prognostic factor for DFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to reveal an association between maspin expression and the prognosis of patients with STS. Although further studies with a larger series of patients and a longer follow-up period will be needed, cytoplasmic maspin expression could be an indicator of unfavorable prognosis in patients with STS. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Takeda
- />Division of Organ Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
- />Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Yuzo Takagi
- />Division of Organ Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Tatsushi Shiomi
- />Division of Organ Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Kanae Nosaka
- />Division of Organ Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Hideki Yamashita
- />Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Mari Osaki
- />Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Koji Endo
- />Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Takeshi Minamizaki
- />Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Yonago Medical Center, 4-17-1 Kuzumo, Yonago, Tottori 683-0006 Japan
| | - Ryota Teshima
- />Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Hideki Nagashima
- />Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Umekita
- />Division of Organ Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
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Elderly patients at higher risk of laryngeal carcinoma recurrence could be identified by a panel of two biomarkers (nm23-H1 and CD105) and pN+ status. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 272:3417-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Choi KY, Choi HJ, Chung EJ, Lee DJ, Kim JH, Rho YS. Loss of heterozygosity in mammary serine protease inhibitor (maspin) and p53 at chromosome 17 and 18 in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2014; 37:1239-45. [PMID: 24801268 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in chromosomes 17p13 (p53 gene) and in 18q21 (mammary serine protease inhibitor [maspin] gene), and the expression of both genes in tissues, in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS Thirty patients with oral cavity SCC have been evaluated for the presence of LOH in chromosomes 17p13 and 18q21, and the expression of p53 and maspin in tissues. Clinicopathological features and survival in these patients were also analyzed. RESULTS LOH in 17p13 was more frequently identified in patients with lymph node metastasis and/or high TNM classification. LOH in 18q21 was more frequently identified in high primary T classification patients. Increased expression rate of p53 and/or decreased maspin expression rate were significantly higher in oral cavity SCC than normal tissues. CONCLUSION LOH on chromosome 17, 18, the expression of p53, and maspin are related to the carcinogenesis of oral cavity SCC. Relationships with clinicopathological factors in oral cavity SCC were also revealed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1239-1245, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Young Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Joon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jae Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Soo Rho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Machowska M, Wachowicz K, Sopel M, Rzepecki R. Nuclear location of tumor suppressor protein maspin inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells without affecting proliferation of normal epithelial cells. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:142. [PMID: 24581141 PMCID: PMC3975902 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maspin, which is classified as a tumor suppressor protein, is downregulated in many types of cancer. Several studies have suggested potential anti-proliferative activity of maspin as well as sensitizing activity of maspin for therapeutic cytotoxic agents in breast cancer tissue culture and animal models. All of the experimental data gathered so far have been based on studies with maspin localized cytoplasmically, while maspin in breast cancer tumor cells may be located in the cytoplasm, nucleus or both. In this study, the effect of maspin cytoplasmic and nuclear location and expression level on breast cancer proliferation and patient survival was studied. Methods Tissue sections from 166 patients with invasive ductal breast cancer were stained by immunohistochemistry for maspin and Ki-67 protein. The localization and expression level of maspin were correlated with estimated patient overall survival and percent of Ki-67-positive cells. In further studies, we created constructs for transient transfection of maspin into breast cancer cells with targeted cytoplasmic and nuclear location. We analyzed the effect of maspin location in normal epithelial cell line MCF10A and three breast cancer cell lines - MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SKBR-3 - by immunofluorescence and proliferation assay. Results We observed a strong positive correlation between moderate and high nuclear maspin level and survival of patients. Moreover, a statistically significant negative relationship was observed between nuclear maspin and Ki-67 expression in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between level of maspin localized in nucleus and percentage of Ki-67 positive cells. No such differences were observed in cells with cytoplasmic maspin. We found a strong correlation between nuclear maspin and loss of Ki-67 protein in breast cancer cell lines, while there was no effect in normal epithelial cells from breast. The anti-proliferative effect of nuclear maspin on breast cancer cells was statistically significant in comparison to cytoplasmic maspin. Conclusions Our results suggest that nuclear maspin localization may be a prognostic factor in breast cancer and may have a strong therapeutic potential in gene therapy. Moreover, these data provide a new insight into the role of cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of maspin in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ryszard Rzepecki
- Laboratory of Nuclear Proteins, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 63/77 Przybyszewskiego Street, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland.
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Marioni G, Blandamura S, Lionello M, Giacomelli L, Lovato A, Favaretto N, Breda S, Tealdo G, Guzzardo V, Ottaviano G, Staffieri A. Indications for postoperative radiotherapy in laryngeal carcinoma: A panel of tumor tissue markers for predicting locoregional recurrence in surgically treated carcinoma. A pilot study. Head Neck 2013; 36:1534-40. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gino Marioni
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | | | - Marco Lionello
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | | | - Andrea Lovato
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Niccolò Favaretto
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Stefano Breda
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Giulia Tealdo
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Ottaviano
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Alberto Staffieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section; University of Padova; Padova Italy
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18
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Maspin is a marker for early recurrence in primary stage III and IV colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:1636-47. [PMID: 24002600 PMCID: PMC3776998 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the factors that drive metastasis formation in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we set out to identify genes and proteins in patients with colorectal liver metastases that correlate with early disease recurrence. Such factors may predict a propensity for metastasis in earlier stages of CRC. Methods: Gene expression profiling and proteomics were used to identify differentially expressed genes/proteins in resected liver metastases that recurred within 6 months following liver surgery vs those that did not recur for >24 months. Expression of the identified genes/proteins in stage II (n=243) and III (n=176) tumours was analysed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. Correlation of protein levels with stage-specific outcome was assessed by uni- and multivariable analyses. Results: Both gene expression profiling and proteomics identified Maspin to be differentially expressed in colorectal liver metastases with early (<6 months) and prolonged (>24 months) time to recurrence. Immunohistochemical analysis of Maspin expression on tumour sections revealed that it was an independent predictor of time to recurrence (log-rank P=0.004) and CRC-specific survival (P=0.000) in stage III CRC. High Maspin expression was also correlated with mucinous differentiation. In stage II CRC patients, high Maspin expression did not correlate with survival but was correlated with a right-sided tumour location. Conclusion: High Maspin expression correlates with poor outcome in CRC after spread to the local lymph nodes. Therefore, Maspin may have a stage-specific function possibly related to tumour cell dissemination and/or metastatic outgrowth.
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Bodenstine TM, Seftor REB, Khalkhali-Ellis Z, Seftor EA, Pemberton PA, Hendrix MJC. Maspin: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 31:529-51. [PMID: 22752408 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maspin, a non-inhibitory member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily, has been characterized as a tumor suppressor gene in multiple cancer types. Among the established anti-tumor effects of Maspin are the inhibition of cancer cell invasion, attachment to extracellular matrices, increased sensitivity to apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis. However, while significant experimental data support the role of Maspin as a tumor suppressor, clinical data regarding the prognostic implications of Maspin expression have led to conflicting results. This highlights the need for a better understanding of the context dependencies of Maspin in normal biology and how these are perturbed in the context of cancer. In this review, we outline the regulation and roles of Maspin in normal and developmental biology while discussing novel evidence and emerging theories related to its functions in cancer. We provide insight into the immense therapeutic potential of Maspin and the challenges related to its successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Bodenstine
- Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Box 222, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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20
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Marioni G, Zanoletti E, Stritoni P, Lionello M, Giacomelli L, Gianatti A, Cattaneo L, Blandamura S, Mazzoni A, Martini A. Expression of the tumour-suppressor maspin in temporal bone carcinoma. Histopathology 2013; 63:242-9. [PMID: 23730906 DOI: 10.1111/his.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although it accounts for fewer than 0.2% of all head and neck tumours, temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis in advanced cases. Novel therapeutic strategies should be developed focusing on specific targeted therapies. Maspin is a serpin showing tumour-suppressing activity which has therapeutic potential. The present study is the first to investigate maspin expression in temporal bone SCCs, using a series of 29 cases. METHODS AND RESULTS Cytoplasmic maspin expression was significantly higher in the group of patients whose SCC did not recur than in the group experiencing recurrences (P = 0.029), and in G1-G2 SCCs than in G3 cases (P = 0.001). cT correlated with recurrence rate (P = 0.05), disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.008) and disease-specific survival (DSS) (P = 0.0043), and pT and pathological regional lymph node status correlated with recurrence rate (P = 0.008 and P = 0.03, respectively), DFS (P = 0.017 and P = 0.0049, respectively) and DSS (P = 0.008 and P = 0.0009, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Although further studies using larger series are required, our preliminary findings suggest that cytoplasmic maspin expression has promise as a prognostic indicator of disease recurrence in temporal bone SCC, and that reactivating maspin functions in association with apoptosis-inducing or anti-angiogenic chemotherapeutic agents might be an important goal in the treatment of temporal bone SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Marioni
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Padova University, Padova, Italy.
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Abstract
Maspin (mammary serine protease inhibitor), is a member of the serine protease inhibitor/non-inhibitor superfamily. Its expression is down-regulated in breast, prostate, gastric and melanoma cancers but over-expressed in pancreatic, gallbladder, colorectal, and thyroid cancers suggesting that maspin may play different activities in different cell types. However, maspin expression seems to be correlated with better prognosis in prostate, bladder, lung, gastric, colorectal, head and neck, thyroid and melanoma cancer. In breast and ovarian cancer maspin significance is associated with its subcellular localization: nucleus maspin expression correlates with a good prognosis, whilst in pancreatic cancer it predicts a poor prognosis. Since tumor metastasis requires the detachment and invasion of tumor cells through the basement membrane and stroma, a selectively increased adhesion by the presence of maspin may contribute to the inhibition of tumor metastasis. Furthermore the different position of maspin inside the cell or its epigenetic modifications may explain the different behavior of the expression of maspin between tumors. The expression of maspin might be useful as a prognostic and possibly predictive factor for patients with particular types of cancer and data can guide physicians in selecting therapy. Its expression in circulating tumor cells especially in breast cancer, could be also useful in clinical practice along with other factors, such as age, comorbidities, blood examinations in order to select the best therapy to be carried out. Focusing on the malignancies in which maspin showed a positive prognostic value, therapeutic approaches studied so far aimed to re-activate a dormant tumor suppressor gene by designed transcription factors, to hit the system that inhibits the expression of maspin, to identify natural substances that can determine the activation and the expression of maspin or possible “molecules binds” to introduce maspin in cancer cell and gene therapy capable of up-regulating the maspin in an attempt to reduce primarily the risk of metastasis. Further studies in these directions are necessary to better define the therapeutic implication of maspin.
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Lei KF, Liu BY, Jin XL, Guo Y, Ye M, Zhu ZG. Prognostic value of nuclear maspin expression for adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. Exp Ther Med 2012; 3:993-998. [PMID: 22970005 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the prognostic and predictive value of maspin expression for the clinical response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer (GC) patients, the expression of maspin in primary tumors from 127 patients with advanced GC was examined using immunohistochemistry. Of the 127 patients, 74 were treated with surgery alone and 53 received additional adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Nuclear and cytoplasmic maspin expression was observed in 46.5 (59/127) and 68.5% (87/127) of patients, respectively. Nuclear maspin immunoreactivity was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p=0.036), the depth of tumor invasion (p=0.02) and lymph node metastasis (p=0.002). Cytoplasmic maspin immunoreactivity was associated with tumor cell differentiation but not with the other clinicopathological variables. Nuclear maspin immunoreactivity had a significant association with overall survival (OS). Among the nuclear maspin-expressing patients, those who were treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy showed significantly longer OS than those without chemotherapy (p=0.0004). In conclusion, nuclear maspin expression is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with advanced GC. Patients with positive nuclear maspin expression may be more responsive to adjuvant 5-FU chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Feng Lei
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025
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Abdou AG, Maraee AH, El-Monaem Shoeib MA, Abo Saida AM. Maspin expression in epithelial skin tumours: an immunohistochemical study. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2011; 4:111-7. [PMID: 21976902 PMCID: PMC3183715 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2077.85028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maspin is a member of the serpin family of protease inhibitors and is thought to inhibit carcinoma invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and induce apoptosis. AIM The aim of this work is to investigate maspin expression in cutaneous basal and squamous cell carcinomas by means of immunohistochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out on 43 patients, 25 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 18 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) together with ten apparently healthy volunteers as a control group. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the malignant and control groups regarding maspin expression since all control cases showed maspin expression compared to 60.5% (26/43) positivity in malignant cases. Maspin positive expression tended to be of higher percentage in SCC (77.8%) compared to BCC (48%) (P = 0.06) and the strong intensity of maspin was also significantly in favour of SCC compared to BCC (P = 0.02). The staining of both the cytoplasm and nuclei was seen in 27.7% of SCC and 12% of BCC and was significantly in favour of older age group (P = 0.02) and the adenoid variant (P = 0.04) of the latter. CONCLUSIONS Maspin is associated with terminal squamous differentiation. Nuclear staining of maspin is seen in both BCC and SCC with a suggested tumour suppressor role in BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gaber Abdou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menofiya University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
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24
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Marioni G, Blandamura S, Lionello M, Giacomelli L, Staffieri C, Fasanaro E, Manzato E, Staffieri A. Nuclear MASPIN expression relates to a better prognosis in elderly patients with laryngeal carcinoma. Acta Otolaryngol 2011; 131:1220-5. [PMID: 21732742 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2011.599817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION MASPIN subcellular location can be considered a prognostic marker that is potentially useful for identifying elderly patients with laryngeal carcinoma at higher risk of early loco-regional recurrence, who may benefit from more aggressive therapy. In a targeted treatment setting, re-activated nuclear MASPIN in combination with anti-angiogenic and/or cytotoxic drugs may be effective in treating laryngeal carcinoma in elderly patients. OBJECTIVES Aging is associated with molecular, cellular, and physiological changes that influence carcinogenesis and cancer growth. MASPIN has multifaceted anti-tumor effects and available evidence supports the hypothesis that its subcellular location influences its functions. The aim of the present study was to firstly assess the potential prognostic role of subcellular MASPIN location in elderly patients (>65 years old) with laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS MASPIN expression and location were immunohistochemically determined in 68 consecutive elderly patients with laryngeal carcinoma. RESULTS Nodal involvement and pathological stage correlated strongly with the prognosis for laryngeal carcinomas in elderly patients, in terms of disease recurrence rate and disease-free survival. The loco-regional recurrence rate was significantly lower (p = 0.041) and the disease-free survival after treatment was significantly longer (p = 0.045) in cases with a nuclear pattern of MASPIN subcellular expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Marioni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Alameda JP, Moreno-Maldonado R, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Navarro M, Page A, Jorcano JL, Bravo A, Ramírez Á, Casanova ML. Increased IKKα expression in the basal layer of the epidermis of transgenic mice enhances the malignant potential of skin tumors. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21984. [PMID: 21755017 PMCID: PMC3130791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in humans. In this study we demonstrate that elevated IKKα expression in murine epidermis increases the malignancy potential of skin tumors. We describe the generation of transgenic mice overexpressing IKKα in the basal, proliferative layer of the epidermis and in the outer root sheath of hair follicles. The epidermis of K5-IKKα transgenic animals shows several alterations such as hyperproliferation, mislocalized expression of integrin-α6 and downregulation of the tumor suppressor maspin. Treatment of the back skin of mice with the mitogenic agent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate causes in transgenic mice the appearance of different preneoplastic changes such as epidermal atypia with loss of cell polarity and altered epidermal tissue architecture, while in wild type littermates this treatment only leads to the development of benign epidermal hyperplasia. Moreover, in skin carcinogenesis assays, transgenic mice carrying active Ha-ras (K5-IKKα-Tg.AC mice) develop invasive tumors, instead of the benign papillomas arising in wild type-Tg-AC mice also bearing an active Ha-ras. Therefore we provide evidence for a tumor promoter role of IKKα in skin cancer, similarly to what occurs in other neoplasias, including hepatocarcinomas and breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. The altered expression of cyclin D1, maspin and integrin-α6 in skin of transgenic mice provides, at least in part, the molecular bases for the increased malignant potential found in the K5-IKKα skin tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manuel Navarro
- Division of Epithelial Biomedicine, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angustias Page
- Division of Epithelial Biomedicine, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Bravo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Ángel Ramírez
- Division of Epithelial Biomedicine, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
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Li X, Kaplun A, Lonardo F, Heath E, Sarkar FH, Irish J, Sakr W, Sheng S. HDAC1 inhibition by maspin abrogates epigenetic silencing of glutathione S-transferase pi in prostate carcinoma cells. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:733-45. [PMID: 21622623 PMCID: PMC3612175 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Both maspin and glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTp) are implicated as tumor suppressors and downregulated in human prostate cancer. It is well established that GSTp downregulation is through DNA methylation-based silencing. We report here that maspin expression in prostate cancer cell line DU145 reversed GSTp DNA methylation, as measured by methylation- specific PCR, MethyLight assay, and bisulfite sequencing. The effect of maspin on GSTp expression was similar to that of the combination of a synthetic histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Maspin expression also led to an increased level of acetylated histone 3, decreased level of methyl transferase, and methyl-CpG-binding domain proteins at the site of demethylated GSTp promoter DNA. Earlier, we have shown that maspin inhibits HDAC1. In PC3 cells, where both maspin and GSTp are expressed at a reduced level, maspin knockdown led to a significant reduction in GSTp expression, whereas dual knockdown of maspin and HDAC1 barely increased the level of GSTp expression. Thus, HDAC1 may play an essential role in cellular response to maspin-mediated GSTp desilencing. Maspin has been shown to increase tumor cell sensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, GSTp reexpression in the absence of maspin expression perturbation blocked the phosphorylation of histone 2A.X, the induction of hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF-1α), and cell death of LNCaP cells under oxidative stress. Because DNA hypermethylation-based silencing may couple with and depend on histone deacetylation, our study suggests that endogenous HDAC inhibition by maspin may prevent pathologic gene silencing in prostate tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Pathology, The Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Alexander Kaplun
- Department of Pathology, The Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Fulvio Lonardo
- Department of Pathology, The Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Elisabeth Heath
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Fazlul H. Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, The Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Jonathan Irish
- Department of Pathology, The Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Wael Sakr
- Department of Pathology, The Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Shijie Sheng
- Department of Pathology, The Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201
- Address correspondence to: 313-993-4112 (Tel);313-993-4112 (Fax);
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Märkl B, Arnholdt HM, Jähnig H, Schenkirsch G, Herrmann RA, Haude K, Spatz H, Anthuber M, Schlimok G, Oruzio D. Shift from cytoplasmic to nuclear maspin expression correlates with shorter overall survival in node-negative colorectal cancer. Hum Pathol 2010; 41:1024-33. [PMID: 20334895 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Maspin has been characterized as a potent tumor suppressor in many in vitro and in vivo studies. In contrast, in stage III colon cancer, an association with shorter overall survival as well as sensitivity to chemotherapy was found for cases with nuclear maspin expression. Because 20% of node-negative colorectal cancer cases show a fatal clinical course, we hypothesized that immunohistochemical maspin expression could be of help to identify higher-risk cases. Therefore, we analyzed survival in a study employing 156 cases of stage I/II colorectal cases. Immunohistochemical cytoplasmic and/or nuclear maspin expression was found in 72% and 48% of the cases, respectively. Significant correlations between cytoplasmic expression and high tumor grade (P < .01) and between nuclear expression and tumor budding (P < .001) were shown. No differences concerning overall survival and immunohistochemical maspin expression were found when the complete collective was analyzed. However, evaluation of the pT3 cases revealed a highly significant worse mean overall survival of cases with a combination of nuclear expression and cytoplasmic loss of maspin compared to cases with the opposite expression pattern nuclear loss and cytoplasmic expression (mean overall survival 40 versus 63 months, respectively; P < .001). The other possible combinations (complete positive and complete negative) showed intermediate mean overall survival times with 54 and 49 months, respectively. Our findings suggest a compartment-dependent function of maspin in colorectal cancer, which can be useful in identifying stage II cases with a higher risk for fatal outcome with a possible benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Märkl
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg 86156, Germany.
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Marioni G, Staffieri A, Blandamura S. Maspin expression in head and neck carcinoma: subcellular localization matters. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:279-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Laryngeal carcinoma lymph node metastasis and disease-free survival correlate with MASPIN nuclear expression but not with EGFR expression: a series of 108 cases. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 267:1103-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-009-1186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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The severity of epithelial dysplasia is associated with loss of maspin expression in actinic cheilitis. J Cutan Pathol 2009; 36:1151-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bernardo V, Lourenço SQC, Cruz R, Monteiro-Leal LH, Silva LE, Camisasca DR, Farina M, Lins U. Reproducibility of immunostaining quantification and description of a new digital image processing procedure for quantitative evaluation of immunohistochemistry in pathology. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2009; 15:353-365. [PMID: 19575836 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927609090710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of immunostaining is a widely used technique in pathology. Nonetheless, techniques that rely on human vision are prone to inter- and intraobserver variability, and they are tedious and time consuming. Digital image analysis (DIA), now available in a variety of platforms, improves quantification performance: however, the stability of these different DIA systems is largely unknown. Here, we describe a method to measure the reproducibility of DIA systems. In addition, we describe a new image-processing strategy for quantitative evaluation of immunostained tissue sections using DAB/hematoxylin-stained slides. This approach is based on image subtraction, using a blue low pass filter in the optical train, followed by digital contrast and brightness enhancement. Results showed that our DIA system yields stable counts, and that this method can be used to evaluate the performance of DIA systems. The new image-processing approach creates an image that aids both human visual observation and DIA systems in assessing immunostained slides, delivers a quantitative performance similar to that of bright field imaging, gives thresholds with smaller ranges, and allows the segmentation of strongly immunostained areas, all resulting in a higher probability of representing specific staining. We believe that our approach offers important advantages to immunostaining quantification in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagner Bernardo
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia, Rua Marquês do Paraná, 303-4 andar- sala 1, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro-Centro, 24033-900, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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Marioni G, Koussis H, Gaio E, Giacomelli L, Bertolin A, D'Alessandro E, Scola A, Ottaviano G, de Filippis C, Jirillo A, Staffieri A, Blandamura S. MASPIN's prognostic role in patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma treated with primary chemotherapy (carboplatin plus vinorelbine) and radiotherapy: preliminary evidence. Acta Otolaryngol 2009; 129:786-92. [PMID: 18819022 DOI: 10.1080/00016480802412789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS Our very preliminary results support the hypothesis that MASPIN expression in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) may be a valuable parameter for predicting patients' responses to a treatment based on carboplatin plus vinorelbine combined with radiotherapy. OBJECTIVES The roles of induction chemotherapy and combined chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced unresectable HNSCCs have evolved rapidly. MASPIN has a unique tumour-suppressing activity. Experimental evidence has shown that MASPIN suppresses tumour growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. We investigated the potential prognostic roles of MASPIN and p53 in a series of HNSCCs treated with carboplatin plus vinorelbine combined with radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nineteen consecutive stage III or IV HNSCC patients were recruited. The treatment plan consisted of the administration of carboplatin on day 1 and vinorelbine on days 1 and 8. Four weeks later, carboplatin was administered concomitantly with radiation therapy. Expression of MASPIN and p53 was determined immunohistochemically in HNSCC diagnostic biopsies. RESULTS A significant inverse relation was found between MASPIN expression and cN staging (p = 0.003). From a prognostic viewpoint, MASPIN expression was directly correlated with chemoradiotherapy response (p = 0.041). Moreover, the log-rank test showed a significant relationship between higher MASPIN expression and longer disease-free survival (p = 0.03), overall survival (p = 0.006) and disease-specific survival (p = 0.007).
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Joensuu KM, Leidenius MHK, Andersson LC, Heikkilä PS. High expression of maspin is associated with early tumor relapse in breast cancer. Hum Pathol 2009; 40:1143-51. [PMID: 19427667 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Maspin is a serine protease inhibitor with tumor suppressor activity. Maspin can suppress tumor growth and metastasis in vivo and tumor cell motility and invasion in vitro. Maspin also modulates apoptosis of tumor cells, possibly by modulating the expression of the B-cell lymphoma-2 family member. p53 regulates the expression of the tumor suppressor gene maspin. Breast cancer is known for its propensity to recur even after decades. The biology behind this phenomenon of tumor dormancy is poorly understood. This study was conducted to clarify the role of maspin and B-cell lymphoma-2 in early and late recurring breast cancer. The expression of maspin, B-cell lymphoma-2, p53, and estrogen receptor was studied by immunohistochemistry in 73 primary breast cancers and in their metastatic relapses detected within 2 years, or 5 or 10 years after primary surgery. The cytoplasmic expression of maspin was significantly higher in the primary tumors of the early metastasizing breast cancers (first tumor relapse within 2 years) and also in their metastases compared to late metastasizing cancers. An opposite activity was observed in the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2. The level of B-cell lymphoma-2 staining was lower in the early relapsing cancers and significantly lower in their metastases, compared to tumors which metastasized 5 or 10 years after primary surgery. High cytoplasmic expression of maspin and low expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 in primary breast cancer predict early tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina M Joensuu
- Department of Pathology and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Marioni G, Staffieri C, Staffieri A, De Filippis C, Blandamura S. MASPIN tumour-suppressing activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: emerging evidence and therapeutic perspectives. Acta Otolaryngol 2009; 129:476-80. [PMID: 18615330 DOI: 10.1080/00016480802256079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS A large series confirmation may suggest elective neck dissection in cN0 MASPIN-negative oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Re-activated nuclear MASPIN in association with anti-angiogenic or cytotoxic drugs may be extremely effective in the treatment of laryngeal SCC. OBJECTIVES MASPIN is a serpin showing a unique tumour-suppressing activity. Despite the significant incidence of head and neck SCC (HNSCC), a limited number of studies has considered MASPIN's role in these malignancies. This review focuses on the attempts to translate MASPIN's HNSCC suppressive properties toward a diagnostic/prognostic tool and a novel carcinoma therapy. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed to investigate available evidence about MASPIN subcellular localization and biological role in HNSCC. RESULTS Five studies have investigated MASPIN's expression in oral SCC. Most of them concluded that low or absent MASPIN cytoplasmic expression was more frequent in oral carcinomas with lymph node metastases. Only our group evaluated MASPIN's role in laryngeal SCC. Higher nuclear MASPIN expression was found in patients without SCC recurrence and was significantly associated with longer disease-free survival. Micro-vascular density was lower in laryngeal carcinomas with MASPIN nuclear staining. The relation between MASPIN and M30-assessed apoptosis in laryngeal SCC supports the hypothesis of an important apoptosis-sensitizing effect of nuclear MASPIN.
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Marioni G, Giacomelli L, D'Alessandro E, Marchese-Ragona R, Staffieri C, Ferraro SM, Staffieri A, Blandamura S. Nuclear localization of mammary serine protease inhibitor (MASPIN): is its impact on the prognosis in laryngeal carcinoma due to a proapoptotic effect? Am J Otolaryngol 2008; 29:156-62. [PMID: 18439947 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell death by apoptosis is considered a regulator of cell number; cancer cells are defective in their response to apoptosis. Many potential markers of apoptosis are under study: M30 immunoreactivity is confined to the cytoplasm of apoptotic epithelial cells and is expressed during early apoptosis. Mammary serine protease inhibitor (MASPIN), a suppressor of tumor growth, seems to be involved in the induction of tumour cell apoptosis. The aim of our preliminary study was to investigate, for the first time, the relations between MASPIN subcellular pattern of expression, nuclear MASPIN expression, M30 expression, and prognosis in laryngeal carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subcellular pattern of distribution of MASPIN and nuclear MASPIN expression were immunohistochemically determined in 66 consecutive cases of laryngeal carcinoma. M30 expression in correspondent carcinoma fields was also calculated. RESULTS M30 expression was significantly higher in the group of laryngeal carcinomas with MASPIN nuclear localization (P = .024). Our investigation found a reduced carcinoma recurrence rate in the group of patients with MASPIN nuclear localization (P value = .0086). The log-rank test showed a significantly longer disease-free interval in patients with nuclear MASPIN localization (P = .029). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results support the hypothesis of an apoptosis-sensitizing effect of nuclear MASPIN in laryngeal carcinoma with the potential perspective of a clinical use of the tumour suppressive proapoptotic function of MASPIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Marioni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Maspin and p53 protein expression in gastric adenocarcinoma and its clinical applications. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2008; 16:13-8. [PMID: 18091326 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e31802c4f21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of maspin and p53 expression in the progression of gastric cancer, and its value as a prognostic indicator. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of maspin and p53 in 152 cases of gastric cancer was detected by immunohistochemistry and compared with the clinicopathologic tumor parameters. The relationship between maspin and p53 expression was also analyzed in the gastric cancers. RESULTS The positive expression rates for maspin and p53 in the cancers were 71.7% (109 of 152 cases) and 56.6% (86 of 152 cases), respectively. Two patterns of immunostaining for maspin were seen in the maspin-positive gastric cancer cases: cytoplasm-only staining (67.0%, 73 of 109 cases) and staining of both cytoplasm and nucleus (33.0%, 36 of 109 cases). Maspin expression showed a negative association with histologic grade, depth of invasion, metastasis, and TNM stage (all P<0.05). p53 expression showed an association with node metastasis, and TNM stage (both P<0.05). Maspin expression was negatively correlated with p53 expression (P<0.001, r=-0.291). In univariate log-rank analysis, loss of maspin expression, histologic grade, distant metastasis, and TNM stage were associated with patient survival. Interestingly, patients with nuclear and cytoplasmic maspin expression survived longer than those with only cytoplasmic expression. However, in multivariate analysis TNM stage and regional node metastasis were the only independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS Maspin expression might be an important factor in tumor progression and patient prognosis, but is not an independent prognostic factor. Maspin expression is inversely correlated with mutant p53 expression in gastric cancer, which suggests that maspin expression is regulated by the p53 pathway.
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MASPIN subcellular localization and expression in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 265 Suppl 1:S97-104. [PMID: 18236066 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-008-0583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
MASPIN, a member of serpin superfamily, has multifaceted biological functions and an unique tumour suppressing activity. Experimental evidences showed that MASPIN suppresses tumour growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Only a very limited number of studies considered MASPIN expression in the upper aero-digestive tract carcinomas. It was recently found that nuclear localization of MASPIN was significantly associated with lower recurrence rate and longer disease-free interval in laryngeal carcinoma. The present study investigated the biological and prognostic role of MASPIN in relation to its subcellular localization in oral carcinoma. Sub-cellular pattern of distribution of MASPIN, nuclear and cytoplasmic MASPIN expressions were immunohistochemically determined in 56 consecutive cases of oral carcinoma. Statistical analysis found a significant association between pN-stage and recurrence of disease (P=0.032) and a significantly longer disease-free interval in pN0 patients than in pN+ ones (P=0.038). None of the subcellular expressions of MASPIN was significantly correlated with recurrence of disease and disease-free interval in our series of oral carcinomas. Sixty-one percent of pN0 cases was strongly MASPIN-positive in the cytoplasm of primary carcinoma cells, 33% of the pN+ cases was MASPIN-positive in the cytoplasm. Statistical analysis found a significant association between MASPIN cytoplasmic expression and pN-stage (P=0.032). Negative MASPIN immunoreactivity in carcinoma cells cytoplasm may be useful to identify patients at risk of disease disseminating to neck lymph nodes. Further investigations are necessary to understand the biological role of cytoplasmic MASPIN localization in oral carcinoma.
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Yu M, Zheng H, Tsuneyama K, Takahashi H, Nomoto K, Xu H, Takano Y. Paradoxical expression of maspin in gastric carcinomas: correlation with carcinogenesis and progression. Hum Pathol 2007; 38:1248-55. [PMID: 17490717 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Revised: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Maspin, a serine protease inhibitor related to the serpin family, can suppress invasion and metastasis of malignancies. To clarify the role of maspin in the genesis and progression of gastric carcinomas, its expression pattern and level were studied by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays containing gastric carcinoma (n = 237), normal gastric mucosa (n = 23), intestinal metaplasia (n = 38), and adenoma (n = 42); and the findings were compared with clinicopathological parameters. Furthermore, maspin expression in the gastric carcinoma cell lines (HCG-27, MKN28, and MKN45) was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. We found that cytoplasmic and nuclear maspin expression paralleled each other (P < .05) and decreased from intestinal metaplasia, adenoma, and carcinoma to normal gastric mucosa (P < .05). A significant positive association was noted with depth of invasion, lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage (P < .05) but not with sex or Lauren's classification (P > .05). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that expression of maspin correlated negatively with cumulative patient survival in gastric carcinoma (P < .05) but was not an independent factor in the prognosis. The 2 independent factors, depth of invasion and lymphatic invasion, influenced the relation between nuclear maspin expression and survival, whereas only depth of invasion correlated with cytoplasmic maspin. Our study indicated that maspin expression experiences upregulation in gastric precancerous lesions and then slight downregulation with malignant transformation. High expression may paradoxically promote invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinomas and could be considered a good marker for the pathobiological behaviors of gastric carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 2630, Japan
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Cao D, Zhang Q, Wu LSF, Salaria SN, Winter JW, Hruban RH, Goggins MS, Abbruzzese JL, Maitra A, Ho L. Prognostic significance of maspin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: tissue microarray analysis of 223 surgically resected cases. Mod Pathol 2007; 20:570-8. [PMID: 17396143 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maspin (SERPINB5), a serine proteinase inhibitor, was first identified as a potential tumor suppressor on the basis of its differential expression between normal mammary epithelial cells and human breast carcinoma cell lines. Recent studies have shown that maspin might be a prognostic tumor marker. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma acquires maspin expression through hypomethylation of the maspin promoter. However, no study has investigated the prognostic significance of maspin expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. In this study, we investigated maspin protein expression in a large series of 223 surgically resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas using immunohistochemical staining and high throughput tissue microarrays. Maspin expression was correlated with postoperative survival and other clinicopathologic factors. Maspin was detected in 209 of these 223 (94% cases) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas including 39 (18% cases) focal (5-50% tumor cells) and 170 (76% cases) diffuse (>50% tumor cells). Fourteen (or 6% cases) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas did not show maspin expression by immunohistochemical staining (<5% tumor cells). Normal ductal epithelium is not labeled with maspin. Overexpression of maspin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is associated with worse postoperative survival especially in patients whose tumors exhibit diffuse expression of maspin. After adjusting other clinicopathologic factors, maspin expression remains to be an independent adverse prognosticator for postoperative survival. Maspin expression is not associated with patient age, gender, tumor size, tumor pathologic stage, lymph node status, and vascular invasion or perineural invasion. Nuclear labeling of maspin is associated with better tumor differentiation although this staining pattern is not associated with a better prognosis. In addition, maspin overexpression is also observed in 48% low-grade (grades 1a and 1b) pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) and 78% high-grade (grades 2 and 3) PanINs, suggesting that maspin upregulation occurs early during the multi-step progression model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Cao
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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Cho JH, Kim HS, Park CS, Kim JK, Jung KY, Shin BK, Kim HK. Maspin expression in early oral tongue cancer and its relation to expression of mutant-type p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Oral Oncol 2007; 43:272-7. [PMID: 17174141 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 03/18/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Even though oral tongue cancer is generally diagnosed at an early stage, the prognosis is poor due to frequent recurrence. Therefore, it is important to identify factors predictive of recurrence and to treat aggressively those patients with a high probability of recurrence. The relationship between angiogenesis and recurrence in tongue cancer has been widely investigated but no consensus has been reached. Mutant-type p53 and VEGF are known to be related to angiogenesis, and maspin is a potent angiogenic inhibitor but its role in tongue cancer has scarcely been examined. We observed the expression of maspin, mutant-type p53 and VEGF by immunohistochemistry in 33 patients with stages I and II oral tongue cancer. And the relationships between maspin, mutant-type p53, VEGF expression and recurrence were analyzed. Maspin and VEGF displayed a cytoplasmic staining pattern and mutant-type p53 a nuclear pattern. None of expression of maspin, mutant-type p53, and VEGF was significantly correlated with tumor recurrence (p=0.34, 0.56, and 0.33, respectively) and survival. Maspin expression was negatively correlated with both mutant-type p53 expression (p=0.02), and VEGF expression (p=0.01). There was no correlation between age, sex, clinical staging, and recurrence. In conclusion, the expression of maspin is not related to recurrence of early stage oral tongue cancer. It is inversely correlated with that of mutant-type p53 and of VEGF, suggesting that the maspin gene is a mutant-type p53 target in vivo and may contribute to regulate VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kon-Kuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Maspin (mammary serine protease inhibitor) was identified in 1994 by subtractive hybridization analysis of normal mammary tissue and breast cancer cell lines. Subsequently, emerging evidence portrays maspin as a multifaceted protein, interacting with diverse group of intercellular and extracellular proteins, regulating cell adhesion, motility, apoptosis, and angiogenesis and critically involved in mammary gland development. The tissue-specific expression of maspin is epigenetically controlled, and aberrant methylation of maspin promoter is closely associated with maspin gene silencing. Identification of new tissue sites expressing maspin and novel maspin-binding partners has expanded the horizon for maspin research and promises maspin-based therapeutic approaches for combating cancer. This perspective briefly outlines the past and present strides in deciphering this unique molecule and speculates on new frontiers in maspin research and prospects of maspin as a diagnostic/prognostic indicator in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Khalkhali-Ellis
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60614-3394, USA.
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Secord AA, Lee PS, Darcy KM, Havrilesky LJ, Grace LA, Marks JR, Berchuck A. Maspin expression in epithelial ovarian cancer and associations with poor prognosis: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 2006; 101:390-7. [PMID: 16551475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2005] [Revised: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined MASPIN expression in human ovarian cancer, and explored the association between MASPIN and prognosis in patients with advanced stage disease treated with first-line cisplatin, carboplatin and/or paclitaxel. METHODS Frozen primary tumors were obtained from 68 women with previously untreated, advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer who participated in a specimen banking protocol and a phase III treatment trial conducted by the Gynecologic Oncology Group. Immunoblot analysis was performed in lysates prepared from these tumor specimens to quantify the relative expression of MASPIN/beta-actin. RESULTS MASPIN was expressed at detected levels in 49 (72%) cases with relative expression ranging from 0.02 to 7.7 (median = 0.2), and was not detected in 19 (28%) of the primary tumors tested. Non-detectable levels of this class II tumor suppressor gene product and inhibitor of angiogenesis were associated with suboptimally-debulked disease (P = 0.034) but not with patient age, FIGO stage, tumor grade, or histologic subtype. After adjusting for prognostic variables for disease progression or death, non-detectable MASPIN expression predicted an increased risk of disease progression (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-3.45; P = 0.038) and death (HR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.07-3.69; P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS In advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer, non-detectable MASPIN appears to be associated with suboptimally-debulked disease and be an independent predictor of an increased risk of progression and death. Further studies are needed to validate these exploratory findings, determine the molecular mechanism controlling MASPIN expression as well as down-regulation and loss in ovarian cancer, and determine if MASPIN can prevent progression of this disease.
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Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Dulguerov P, Beck A, Bonet M, Allal AS. Value of ezrin, maspin and nm23-H1 protein expressions in predicting outcome of patients with head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma treated with radical radiotherapy. J Clin Pathol 2006; 60:185-9. [PMID: 16698950 PMCID: PMC1860631 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2006.036624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognostic factors in predicting outcomes in patients with head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are limited to the clinical-pathological parameters, including lymph node metastasis, location, grade and stage of the disease. AIM To determine whether the expression of these proteins has a value in predicting patient outcome. METHODS Ezrin, maspin and nm23-H1 immunohistochemistry in tissue samples of 120 patients with HNSCC were evaluated using the microarray technique. RESULTS In determining the association among each of the three proteins and the clinical-pathological parameters, low maspin expression was the only one found to be significantly associated with high tumour grade (p = 0.007); all others showed no significant associations. In univariate analysis, patients with tumours expressing high ezrin had a shorter disease-free survival (DFS) of 51% than those with low ezrin expression (DFS 84%; p = 0.08). In multivariate analysis, tumours with the combination of loss of maspin and low histological grade had longer DFS (83%) compared with those with high maspin and high histological grade (DFS 42%; p = 0.08). CONCLUSION Our study is the first to determine the value of ezrin and maspin in HNSCC in a large series of patients with long follow-up. Ezrin and maspin seem to have a potential prognostic value in patients with HNSCC but results should be confirmed with further studies.
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Deng W, Yi YF, Liu DD. Significance of Maspin, uPA and MMP-7 expression in human gastric carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14:660-665. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v14.i7.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of Maspin, urokinase-type plasrninogen activator (uPA) uPA and Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and their roles in the tumorigenesis and progre-ssion of gastric cancer.
METHODS: Immunohistochemistry SP method was used to detect the expression of Maspin, uPA and MMP-7 in tissues from gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 30), signet-ring cell carcinoma (n = 30), and normal gastric mucosa (n = 20).
RESULTS: The positive rates of Maspin, uPA and MMP-7 were 50%, 70% and 80%, respectively, in gastric adenocarcinoma, and they were 46.7%, 76.7% and 90%, respectively, in signet-ring cell carcinoma. However, the positive rates of Maspin, uPA, and MMP-7 were 90%, 35%, and 30%, respectively, in normal gastric mucosa. Maspin, uPA, and MMP-7 expression were significantly different between tissues from carcinoma and normal mucosa (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Maspin expression was significantly related to the depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis, but not to tumor size and TNM staging. The expression of uPA and MMP-7 were markedly related to the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging, but not to tumor size. Maspin expression had a negative correlation with uPA and MMP-7 (P = 0.012, r = -0.322; P = 0.008, r = -0.341), while uPA expression had a positive correlation with MMP-7 (P = 0.034, r = 0.274).
CONCLUSION: Down-regulated expression of Maspin and up-regulated expression of uPA and MMP-7 play important roles in the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma. They may serve as effective markers of reflecting the biopathological behaviors of gastric carcinoma.
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Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-2 (PAI-2) is a nonconventional serine protease inhibitor (serpin) with unique and tantalizing properties that is generally considered to be an authentic and physiological inhibitor of urokinase. However, the fact that only a small percentage of PAI-2 is secreted has been a long-standing argument for alternative roles for this serpin. Indeed, PAI-2 has been shown to have a number of intracellular roles: it can alter gene expression, influence the rate of cell proliferation and differentiation, and inhibit apoptosis in a manner independent of urokinase inhibition. Despite these recent advances in defining the intracellular function of PAI-2, it still remains one of the most mysterious and enigmatic members of the serpin superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Medcalf
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia.
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