1
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Saad HM, Oda SS, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Mahmoud MH, Batiha GES, Khalifa E. Hepatoprotective activity of Lactéol® forte and quercetin dihydrate against thioacetamide-induced hepatic cirrhosis in male albino rats. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18196. [PMID: 38534093 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a silent disease in humans and is experimentally induced by many drugs and toxins as thioacetamide (TAA) in particular, which is the typical model for experimental induction of hepatic fibrosis. Thus, the objective of the present study was to elucidate the possible protective effects of lactéol® forte (LF) and quercetin dihydrate (QD) against TAA-induced hepatic damage in male albino rats. Induction of hepatotoxicity was performed by TAA injection (200 mg/kg I/P, twice/ week) in rats. LF (1 × 109 CFU/rat 5 times/week) and QD (50 mg/kg 5 times/week) treated groups were administered concurrently with TAA injection (200 mg/kg I/P, twice/ week). The experimental treatments were conducted for 12 weeks. Hepatotoxicity was evaluated biochemically by measuring alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in the serum and histopathologically with the scoring of histopathological changes besides histochemical assessment of collagen by Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemical analysis for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Ki67 and caspase-3 expression in liver sections. Our results indicated that LF and QD attenuated some biochemical changes and histochemical markers in TAA-mediated hepatotoxicity in rats by amelioration of biochemical markers and collagen, α-SMA, Ki67 and caspase3 Immunoexpression. Additionally, LF and QD supplementation downregulated the proliferative, necrotic, fibroblastic changes, eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions, hyaline globules and Mallory-like bodies that were detected histopathologically in the TAA group. In conclusion, LF showed better hepatic protection than QD against TAA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats by inhibiting inflammatory reactions with the improvement of some serum hepatic transaminases, histopathological picture and immunohistochemical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Samah S Oda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Abees, Alexandria Province, Egypt
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Research & Development, Funogen, Athens, Greece
- Department of Research & Development, AFNP Med, Wien, Austria
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, New South Wales, Germany
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mohamed H Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Eman Khalifa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
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2
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Morsi AA, Shawky LM, Shawky TM, Bahr MH, Alnasr MTA, El Bana E. Targeting NF-κB/COX-2 signaling by soyasaponin I alleviates diclofenac-induced gastric ulceration in male albino rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3927. [PMID: 38269501 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Gastric ulceration is a prevalent worldwide clinical presentation due to altered gastric defense mechanisms. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are one of the common causes of gastric ulcers mediated by the release of inflammatory mediators. The study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of soyasaponin I (soya) against diclofenac (DIC)-induced gastric ulcer in rats and to highlight the underlying mechanisms. The experiment was conducted on 40 male Wistar albino rats, equally distributed into five groups: control, DIC-induced ulcer (9 mg/kg/d, orally, twice daily for 3 days), ulcer/soya-, ulcer/ranitidine-, and ulcer/soya/selective nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor (JSH-23)-treated groups. The doses of soya, ranitidine, and JSH were 20, 25, and 5 mg/kg/d, respectively, given orally. Gastric specimens were prepared for gene and histological study and for biochemical analysis of gastric prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), oxidative markers, and inflammatory cytokines. The gastric samples were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), PAS staining, and immunohistochemical assay for identification of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and proliferation marker (Ki67) expressions. The findings revealed decreased gastric PGE2 and altered inflammatory and oxidative markers in the ulcer model group. The H&E staining showed mucosal injury characterized by mucosal surface defects and inflammatory cell infiltrations. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry demonstrated an upregulation of NF-κB and COX-2 expression at gene/protein levels; meanwhile, Ki67 downregulation. The soya-treated group showed maintained biochemical, histological, and PCR findings comparable to the ranitidine-treated group. The JSH-23-treated group still showed partial gastric protection with biochemical and immunohistochemical changes. Soyasaponin I ameliorated DIC-induced gastric ulcers by targeting the COX-2 activity through modulation of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Morsi
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa M Shawky
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Tamer M Shawky
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H Bahr
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Eman El Bana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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3
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Lama P, Tiwari J, Mutreja P, Chauhan S, Harding IJ, Dolan T, Adams MA, Maitre CL. Cell clusters in intervertebral disc degeneration: an attempted repair mechanism aborted via apoptosis. Anat Cell Biol 2023; 56:382-393. [PMID: 37503630 PMCID: PMC10520859 DOI: 10.5115/acb.23.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell clusters are a histological hallmark feature of intervertebral disc degeneration. Clusters arise from cell proliferation, are associated with replicative senescence, and remain metabolically, but their precise role in various stages of disc degeneration remain obscure. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate small, medium, and large size cell-clusters. For this purpose, human disc samples were collected from 55 subjects, aged 37-72 years, 21 patients had disc herniation, 10 had degenerated non-herniated discs, and 9 had degenerative scoliosis with spinal curvature <45°. 15 non-degenerated control discs were from cadavers. Clusters and matrix changes were investigated with histology, immunohistochemistry, and Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Data obtained were analyzed with spearman rank correlation and ANOVA. Results revealed, small and medium-sized clusters were positive for cell proliferation markers Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in control and slightly degenerated human discs, while large cell clusters were typically more abundant in severely degenerated and herniated discs. Large clusters associated with matrix fissures, proteoglycan loss, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and Caspase-3. Spatial association findings were reconfirmed with SDS-PAGE that showed presence to these target markers based on its molecular weight. Controls, slightly degenerated discs showed smaller clusters, less proteoglycan loss, MMP-1, and Caspase-3. In conclusion, cell clusters in the early stages of degeneration could be indicative of repair, however sustained loading increases large cell clusters especially around microscopic fissures that accelerates inflammatory catabolism and alters cellular metabolism, thus attempted repair process initiated by cell clusters fails and is aborted at least in part via apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Lama
- Department of Anatomy, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Sikkim, India
| | - Jerina Tiwari
- Department of Anatomy, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Sikkim, India
| | - Pulkit Mutreja
- Department of Anatomy, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Sikkim, India
| | - Sukirti Chauhan
- Department of Anatomy, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Sikkim, India
| | - Ian J Harding
- Centre for Clinical Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Trish Dolan
- Centre for Clinical Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael A Adams
- Centre for Clinical Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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4
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Settar A, Khaldoun H, Tarzaali D, Djennane N, Makhlouf C, Selmani I, Yasmine O, Amel K. Lambda cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole caused biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical alterations in male rabbit liver: Ameliorative effect of vitamins A, D, E, C mixture. Toxicology 2023; 487:153464. [PMID: 36813254 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides can cause serious environmental and human health consequences such as metabolic disruption and even cancers. Preventive molecules such as vitamins can be an effective solution. The present study aimed to investigate the toxic effect of an insecticide mixture formulation of lambda cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole (Ampligo® 150 ZC), on the liver of male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and the possible ameliorative effect of vitamins A, D3, E, and C mixture. For that, 18 male rabbits were divided into 3 equal groups: Control (distilled water), AP (20 mg/Kg bw of the insecticide mixture every other day, orally for 28 days), AP+ADEC (20 mg/Kg bw of the insecticide mixture + 0,5 ml of vitamin AD3E+ 200 mg/kg bw of vitamin C every other day). The effects were evaluated on body weight, food intake changes, biochemical parameters, liver histology, and immunohistochemical expression of AFP, Bcl2, E-cadherin, Ki67, and P53. Results indicated that AP reduced weight gain (6.71%) and feed intake, increased ALT, ALP, and TC plasma levels, and caused hepatic tissular damages such as dilatation and congestion of the central vein, sinusoidal dilatation, inflammatory cells infiltration, and collagen deposition. Hepatic immunostaining showed an increase in the tissular expression of AFP, Bcl2, Ki67, and P53 and a significant (p < 0,05) decrease in E-cadherin expression. In contrast, supplementation of vitamins A, D3, E, and C mixture improved the previous observed alterations. Our study revealed that a sub-acute exposure to an insecticide mixture of lambda cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole induced numerous functional and structural disorders in the rabbit liver and the addition of vitamins ameliorated these damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Settar
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, Department of Agri-food, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria.
| | - Hassina Khaldoun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria
| | - Dalila Tarzaali
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria
| | - Nacima Djennane
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Bab El Oued, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Chahrazed Makhlouf
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria
| | - Ichrak Selmani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria
| | | | - Khaldoune Amel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria
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5
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Lashen AG, Toss MS, Ghannam SF, Makhlouf S, Green A, Mongan NP, Rakha E. Expression, assessment and significance of Ki67 expression in breast cancer: an update. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:357-364. [PMID: 36813558 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Ki67 expression is one of the most important and cost-effective surrogate markers to assess for tumour cell proliferation in breast cancer (BC). The Ki67 labelling index has prognostic and predictive value in patients with early-stage BC, particularly in the hormone receptor-positive, HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)-negative (luminal) tumours. However, many challenges exist in using Ki67 in routine clinical practice and it is still not universally used in the clinical setting. Addressing these challenges can potentially improve the clinical utility of Ki67 in BC. In this article, we review the function, immunohistochemical (IHC) expression, methods for scoring and interpretation of results as well as address several challenges of Ki67 assessment in BC. The prodigious attention associated with use of Ki67 IHC as a prognostic marker in BC resulted in high expectation and overestimation of its performance. However, the realisation of some pitfalls and disadvantages, which are expected with any similar markers, resulted in an increasing criticism of its clinical use. It is time to consider a pragmatic approach and weigh the benefits against the weaknesses and identify factors to achieve the best clinical utility. Here we highlight the strengths of its performance and provide some insights to overcome the existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Gamal Lashen
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Michael S Toss
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of pathology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Suzan Fathy Ghannam
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Histology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Shorouk Makhlouf
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Andrew Green
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emad Rakha
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt.,Pathology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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6
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Kaushik A, Bhartiya D. Testicular cancer in mice: interplay between stem cells and endocrine insults. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:243. [PMID: 35676718 PMCID: PMC9175365 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of type II germ cell tumors (T2GCT) has increased in young men possibly due to fetal/perinatal exposure to estrogenic compounds. Three-fold increased incidence of T2GCT was reported in men exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol (DES). T2GCT is a development-related disease arising due to blocked differentiation of gonocytes into spermatogonia in fetal testes which survive as germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) and initiate T2GCT. In our earlier study, T2GCT-like features were observed in 9 out of 10 adult, 100-day-old mice testes upon neonatal exposure to DES (2 μg/pup/day on days 1-5). Neonatal DES exposure affected testicular very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) and spermatogonial stem cells and resulted in infertility, reduced sperm counts and tumor-like changes leading to our postulate that testicular dysgenesis syndrome possibly has a stem cell basis. The present study was undertaken to further characterize testicular tumor in mice testes. METHODS DES-exposed mice pups (n = 70) were studied on D100 and after 12 months to understand how T2GCT progresses. Besides histological studies, a carefully selected panel of markers were studied by immuno-fluorescence and qRT-PCR. RESULTS DES resulted in either atrophied or highly vascularized, big-sized testes and extra-testicular growth was also observed. GCNIS-like cells with big, vacuolated cytoplasm and increased expression of OCT-4, SSEA-1, SCA-1 and CD166 (cancer stem cells marker) along with reduced c-KIT, MVH and PTEN were evident. Global hypomethylation was found associated with altered expression of Dnmts, Igf2-H19 and Dlk-Meg3 imprinted genes along with reduced expression of Ezh2, cell cycle regulator p57KIP2 and Meg3; however, Pten remained unaltered. Increased expression of PCNA and Ki67 was observed in concert with complete lack of SOX-9 suggesting Sertoli cells independent proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Mouse model for T2GCT is described which will have immense potential to understand cancer initiation, cancer stem cells and also to develop effective therapies in future. T2GCT initiates from tissue-resident, pluripotent VSELs due to their altered epigenome. Neonatal exposure to DES blocks differentiation (spermatogenesis) and VSELs get transformed into CD166 positive cancer stem cells that undergo excessive self-renewal and initiate cancer in adult life challenging existing concept of fetal origin of T2GCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kaushik
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India.
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7
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Someya Y, Iima M, Imai H, Yoshizawa A, Kataoka M, Isoda H, Le Bihan D, Nakamoto Y. Investigation of breast cancer microstructure and microvasculature from time-dependent DWI and CEST in correlation with histological biomarkers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6523. [PMID: 35444193 PMCID: PMC9021220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the associations of time-dependent DWI, non-Gaussian DWI, and CEST parameters with histological biomarkers in a breast cancer xenograft model. 22 xenograft mice (7 MCF-7 and 15 MDA-MB-231) were scanned at 4 diffusion times [Td = 2.5/5 ms with 11 b-values (0–600 s/mm2) and Td = 9/27.6 ms with 17 b-values (0–3000 s/mm2), respectively]. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was estimated using 2 b-values in different combinations (ADC0–600 using b = 0 and 600 s/mm2 and shifted ADC [sADC200–1500] using b = 200 and 1500 s/mm2) at each of those diffusion times. Then the change (Δ) in ADC/sADC between diffusion times was evaluated. Non-Gaussian diffusion and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters (ADC0, the virtual ADC at b = 0; K, Kurtosis from non-Gaussian diffusion; f, the IVIM perfusion fraction) were estimated. CEST images were acquired and the amide proton transfer signal intensity (APT SI) were measured. The ΔsADC9–27.6 (between \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{sADC}}_{{9\,{\text{ms}}}}^{200{-}1500}$$\end{document}sADC9ms200-1500 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{sADC}}_{{27.6\,{\text{ms}}}}^{200{-}1500}$$\end{document}sADC27.6ms200-1500 and ΔADC2.5_sADC27.6 (between \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{ADC}}_{{2.5\, {\text{ms}}}}^{0{-}600}$$\end{document}ADC2.5ms0-600 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{sADC}}_{{27.6\,{\text{ms}}}}^{200{-}1500}$$\end{document}sADC27.6ms200-1500) was significantly larger for MCF-7 groups, and ΔADC2.5_sADC27.6 was positively correlated with Ki67max and APT SI. ADC0 decreased significantly in MDA-MB-231 group and K increased significantly with Td in MCF-7 group. APT SI and cellular area had a moderately strong positive correlation in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 tumors combined, and there was a positive correlation in MDA-MB-231 tumors. There was a significant negative correlation between APT SI and the Ki-67-positive ratio in MDA-MB-231 tumors and when combined with MCF-7 tumors. The associations of ΔADC2.5_sADC27.6 and API SI with Ki-67 parameters indicate that the Td-dependent DW and CEST parameters are useful to predict the histological markers of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Someya
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Mami Iima
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Imai
- Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masako Kataoka
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Isoda
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Denis Le Bihan
- NeuroSpin/Joliot, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Vorobeva OM, Sitovskaya DA, Kukanov KK, Ellinidi VN, Samusenko IA, Kalinina NM, Zabrodskaya YM. [The phenomenon of pseudotumorous cross immunohistochemical reactivity of glia in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]. Arkh Patol 2022; 84:36-43. [PMID: 35417947 DOI: 10.17116/patol20228402136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a subacute demyelinating brain damage caused by infection of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes with the lytic JC virus on the background of immunosuppression. A case report of PML with a tumor-like course is presented. Morphological diagnostics revealed non-specific staining of antibodies to Ki-67, p53, IDH1, NF and Vim in the nuclei of gliocytes affected by the JC virus. Histological examination and microscopic evaluation of the changes in the brain for the diagnosis of PML is a priority. The recommended intravital biopsy does not always help in clear verification of PML due to the limited volume of tissue fragments presented for research. For the correct interpretation of changes during an intravital pathological examination and verification of PML, it is important to take material during a stereotaxic biopsy, not only from the center, but from the edges and perifocal zone of the altered tissues for the possibility of a spatial histological assessment of the pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Vorobeva
- Polenov Neurosurgical Institute - the branch of Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D A Sitovskaya
- Polenov Neurosurgical Institute - the branch of Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - K K Kukanov
- Polenov Neurosurgical Institute - the branch of Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V N Ellinidi
- The Federal State budgetary institute «the Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine», St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I A Samusenko
- The Federal State budgetary institute «the Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine», St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N M Kalinina
- The Federal State budgetary institute «the Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine», St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yu M Zabrodskaya
- Polenov Neurosurgical Institute - the branch of Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.,The Federal State budgetary institute «the Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine», St. Petersburg, Russia.,S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
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9
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Grushko TA, Filiaci VL, Montag AG, Apushkin M, Gomez MJ, Monovich L, Ramirez NC, Schwab C, Kesterson JP, Seward SM, Method MW, Olopade OI, Fleming GF, Birrer MJ. Effects of Slide Storage on Detection of Molecular Markers by IHC and FISH in Endometrial Cancer Tissues From a Clinical Trial: An NRG Oncology/GOG Pilot Study. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:27-35. [PMID: 34224438 PMCID: PMC8664981 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We performed a pilot study in anticipation of using long-aged precut formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections stored in real-world conditions for translational biomarker studies of topoisomerase 2A (TOP2A), Ki67, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in endometrial cancer. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks or unstained slides or both from GOG-0177 were collected centrally (1999-2000) and stored at room temperature. During 2004 to 2011 specimens were stored at 4°C. Matched pairs of stored slides and freshly cut slides from stored blocks were analyzed for TOP2A (KiS1), Ki67 (MIB1), and HER2 (HercepTest) proteins. To assess DNA stability (HER2 PathVision), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was repeated on stored slides from 21 cases previously shown to be HER2 amplified. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining intensity and extent, mean FISH copies/cell, and copy number ratios were compared using the κ statistic for concordance or signed rank test for differences in old cut versus new cut slides. IHC results reflected some protein degradation in stored slides. The proportion of cells with TOP2A staining was lower on average by 12% in older sections (P=0.03). The proportion of Ki67-positive cells was lower in stored slides by an average of 10% (P<0.01). Too few cases in the IHC cohort were FISH positive for any conclusions. HER2 amplification by FISH was unaffected by slide storage. We conclude that use of aged stored slides for proliferation markers TOP2A and Ki67 is feasible but may modestly underestimate true values in endometrial cancer. Pilot studies for particular storage conditions/durations/antigens to be used in translational studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A. Grushko
- The University of Chicago Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Virginia L. Filiaci
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Anthony G. Montag
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Marsha Apushkin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Maria J. Gomez
- The University of Chicago Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Laura Monovich
- Gynecologic Oncology Group Tissue Bank/NRG Oncology Biospecimen Bank, Biopathology Center, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Nilsa C. Ramirez
- Gynecologic Oncology Group Tissue Bank/NRG Oncology Biospecimen Bank, Biopathology Center, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Carlton Schwab
- Clinical Research; Gibbs Cancer Center and Research Institute, Spartanburg, SC USA
| | - Joshua P. Kesterson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology; Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | | | - Michael W. Method
- Division of Gynecological Oncology; Indiana University Hospital/Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center; Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Olufunmilayo I. Olopade
- The University of Chicago Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Gini F. Fleming
- The University of Chicago Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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Davey MG, Hynes SO, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Lowery AJ. Ki-67 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Invasive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4455. [PMID: 34503265 PMCID: PMC8430879 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of molecular medicine has transformed breast cancer management. Breast cancer is now recognised as a heterogenous disease with varied morphology, molecular features, tumour behaviour, and response to therapeutic strategies. These parameters are underpinned by a combination of genomic and immunohistochemical tumour factors, with estrogen receptor (ER) status, progesterone receptor (PgR) status, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status, Ki-67 proliferation indices, and multigene panels all playing a contributive role in the substratification, prognostication and personalization of treatment modalities for each case. The expression of Ki-67 is strongly linked to tumour cell proliferation and growth and is routinely evaluated as a proliferation marker. This review will discuss the clinical utility, current pitfalls, and promising strategies to augment Ki-67 proliferation indices in future breast oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Davey
- Discipline of Surgery, The Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (M.J.K.); (N.M.); (A.J.L.)
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
| | - Sean O. Hynes
- Department of Histopathology, National University of Ireland, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Michael J. Kerin
- Discipline of Surgery, The Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (M.J.K.); (N.M.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Nicola Miller
- Discipline of Surgery, The Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (M.J.K.); (N.M.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Aoife J. Lowery
- Discipline of Surgery, The Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (M.J.K.); (N.M.); (A.J.L.)
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11
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Ruiz TFR, Taboga SR, Leonel ECR. Molecular mechanisms of mammary gland remodeling: A review of the homeostatic versus bisphenol a disrupted microenvironment. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 105:1-16. [PMID: 34343637 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mammary gland (MG) undergoes critical points of structural changes throughout a woman's life. During the perinatal and pubertal stages, MG develops through growth and differentiation to establish a pre-mature feature. If pregnancy and lactation occur, the epithelial compartment branches and differentiates to create a specialized structure for milk secretion and nurturing of the newborn. However, the ultimate MG modification consists of a regression process aiming to reestablish the smaller and less energy demanding structure until another production cycle happens. The unraveling of these fascinating physiologic cycles has helped the scientific community elucidate aspects of molecular regulation of proliferative and apoptotic events and remodeling of the stromal compartment. However, greater understanding of the hormonal pathways involved in MG developmental stages led to concern that endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA), may influence these specific development/involution stages, called "windows of susceptibility". Since it is used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, BPA is a ubiquitous chemical present in human everyday life, exerting an estrogenic effect. Thus, descriptions of its deleterious effects on the MG, especially in terms of serum hormone concentrations, hormonal receptor expression, molecular pathways, and epigenetic alterations, have been widely published. Therefore, allied to a didactic description of the main physiological mechanisms involved in different critical points of MG development, the current review provides a summary of key mechanisms by which the endocrine disruptor BPA impacts MG homeostasis at different windows of susceptibility, causing short- and long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalles Fernando Rocha Ruiz
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil.
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil.
| | - Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil; Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Goiânia, Brazil.
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12
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Anti-Tumor Efficiency of Perillylalcohol/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes in a Sarcoma S180-Induced Mice Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020245. [PMID: 33578857 PMCID: PMC7916601 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The low solubility and high volatility of perillyl alcohol (POH) compromise its bioavailability and potential use as chemotherapeutic drug. In this work, we have evaluated the anticancer activity of POH complexed with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) using three complexation approaches. Molecular docking suggests the hydrogen-bond between POH and β-cyclodextrin in molar proportion was 1:1. Thermal analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that the POH was enclosed in the β-CD cavity. Also, there was a significant reduction of particle size thereof, indicating a modification of the β-cyclodextrin crystals. The complexes were tested against human L929 fibroblasts after 24 h of incubation showing no signs of cytotoxicity. Concerning the histopathological results, the treatment with POH/β-CD at a dose of 50 mg/kg promoted approximately 60% inhibition of tumor growth in a sarcoma S180-induced mice model and the reduction of nuclear immunoexpression of the Ki67 antigen compared to the control group. Obtained data suggest a significant reduction of cycling cells and tumor proliferation. Our results confirm that complexation of POH/β-CD not only solves the problem related to the volatility of the monoterpene but also increases its efficiency as an antitumor agent.
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13
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Sandhiutami NMD, Arozal W, Louisa M, Rahmat D, Wuyung PE. Curcumin Nanoparticle Enhances the Anticancer Effect of Cisplatin by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT3 Pathway in Rat Ovarian Carcinoma Induced by DMBA. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:603235. [PMID: 33536913 PMCID: PMC7848208 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.603235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin has been used for decades for the treatment of ovarian cancer. However, despite its potent anticancer effect, cisplatin's efficacy as a single agent was inadequate in patients with advanced stage. Curcumin has been shown to sensitize cisplatin activity in several cancer models. However, the low bioavailability of curcumin has limited its anticancer potential. Hence, nano-formulation of curcumin was developed to increase its therapeutic efficacy in ovarian cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of curcumin nanoparticles given in combination with cisplatin in rat ovarian carcinoma induced by dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The administration of cisplatin and nanocurcumin resulted in a significant reduction in ovarian tumor volume and weight. Furthermore, there were reduction in expressions of Ki67, TGF-β, PI3K, and Akt phosphorylation. Co-treatment of cisplatin and nanocurcumin also reduced JAK expression, STAT3 phosphorylation, and reduced IL-6 concentrations. Altogether, nanocurcumin, given as a co-treatment with cisplatin has therapeutic potential in ovarian cancer models by inhibiting proliferation through downregulation of PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Made Dwi Sandhiutami
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pancasila, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wawaimuli Arozal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Melva Louisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Deni Rahmat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pancasila, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Puspita Eka Wuyung
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Animal Research Facility, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Mouillet JF, Goff J, Sadovsky E, Sun H, Parks T, Chu T, Sadovsky Y. Transgenic expression of human C19MC miRNAs impacts placental morphogenesis. Placenta 2020; 101:208-214. [PMID: 33017713 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC) encodes a large family of microRNAs (miRNAs) that are abundantly expressed in the placenta of higher primates and also in certain cancers. In the placenta, miRNAs from this cluster account for nearly 40% of all miRNAs present in trophoblasts. However, the function of these miRNAs in the placenta remains poorly understood. Recent observations reveal a role for these miRNAs in cell migration, and suggest that they are involved in the development and function of the human placenta. Here, we examine the placenta in transgenic mice expressing the human C19MC miRNAs. METHODS We produced transgenic mice using pronuclear microinjection of a bacterial artificial chromosome plasmid carrying the entire human C19MC locus and derived a homozygous line using crossbreeding. We performed morphological characterization and profiled gene expression changes in the placentas of the transgenic mice. RESULTS C19MC transgenic mice delivered on time with no gross malformations. The placentas of transgenic mice expressed C19MC miRNAs and were larger than wild type placentas. Histologically, we found that the transgenic placenta exhibited projections of spongiotrophoblasts that penetrated deep into the labyrinth. Gene expression analysis revealed alterations in the expression of several genes involved in cell migration, with evidence of enhanced cell proliferation. DISCUSSION Mice that were humanized for transgenically overexpressed C19MC miRNAs exhibit enlarged placentas with aberrant delineation of cell layers. The observed phenotype and the related gene expression changes suggest disrupted migration of placental cell subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Mouillet
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie Goff
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elena Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Huijie Sun
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tony Parks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tianjiao Chu
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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15
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Ravishankar P, Ozkizilcik A, Husain A, Balachandran K. Anisotropic Fiber-Reinforced Glycosaminoglycan Hydrogels for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:513-525. [PMID: 32723024 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates polymer fiber-reinforced protein-polysaccharide-based hydrogels for heart valve tissue engineering applications. Polycaprolactone and gelatin (3:1) blends were jet-spun to fabricate aligned fibers that possessed fiber diameters in the range found in the native heart valve. These fibers were embedded in methacrylated hydrogels made from gelatin, sodium hyaluronate, and chondroitin sulfate to create fiber-reinforced hydrogel composites (HCs). The fiber-reinforced gelatin glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-based HC possessed interconnected porous structures and porosity higher than fiber-only conditions. These fiber-reinforced HCs exhibited compressive modulus and biaxial mechanical behavior comparable to that of native porcine aortic valves. The fiber-reinforced HCs were able to swell higher and degraded less than the hydrogels. Elution studies revealed that less than 20% of incorporated gelatin methacrylate and GAGs were released over 2 weeks, with a steady-state release after the first day. When cultured with porcine valve interstitial cells (VICs), the fiber-reinforced composites were able to maintain higher cell viability compared with fiber-only samples. Quiescent VICs expressed alpha smooth muscle actin and calponin showing an activated phenotype, along with a few cells expressing the proliferation marker Ki67 and negative expression for RUNX2, an osteogenic marker. Our study demonstrated that compared with the hydrogels and fibers alone, combining both components can yield durable, reinforced composites that mimic heart valve mechanical behavior, while maintaining high cell viability and expressing positive activation as well as proliferation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Ravishankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Asya Ozkizilcik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Anushae Husain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kartik Balachandran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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16
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Maksoud MJE, Tellios V, Xiang YY, Lu WY. Nitric oxide signaling inhibits microglia proliferation by activation of protein kinase-G. Nitric Oxide 2019; 94:125-134. [PMID: 31759970 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia population is primarily determined by a finely-regulated proliferation process during early development of the central nervous system (CNS). Nitric oxide (NO) is known to inhibit proliferation in numerous cell types. However, how NO signaling regulates microglia proliferation remains elusive. Using wildtype (WT) and inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (iNOS-/-) mice, this study investigated the role and underlying mechanisms of iNOS/NO signaling in microglia proliferation. Here we reported that iNOS-/- mice displayed significantly more BrdU-labeled proliferating microglia in the cortex than that in WT mice at postnatal day 10. Compared to microglia isolated from WT mouse cortex, significantly more iNOS-/- microglia displayed the specific cell-cycle markers Ki67 and phospho-histone H3 (pH3) in their nuclei. In addition, treating WT microglia with the NOS inhibitor LNAME drastically increased the percentage of cells expressing Ki67 and pH3, whereas treating iNOS-/- microglia with NOC18, a slow-release NO-donor, significantly decreased the percentage of microglia expressing the two cell-cycle markers. Moreover, inhibition of protein kinase-G (PKG) in WT microglia increased the proportion of microglia expressing Ki67 and pH3, whereas activation of PKG signaling using 8Br-cGMP in iNOS-/- microglia significantly decreased the fraction of microglia displaying Ki67 and pH3. Interestingly, in the presence of a PKG inhibitor, NOC18 increased the quantity of iNOS-/- microglia expressing Ki67 and pH3. Together, these results indicate that basal activity of iNOS/NO signaling impedes microglial cell-cycle progression and attenuates proliferation through activation of the cGMP-PKG pathway. However, NO increases microglia cell-cycle progression in the absence of cGMP-PKG signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J E Maksoud
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, Canada.
| | - Vasiliki Tellios
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, Canada.
| | - Yun-Yan Xiang
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, Canada.
| | - Wei-Yang Lu
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Ornell KJ, Mistretta KS, Newman E, Ralston CQ, Coburn JM. Three-Dimensional, Scaffolded Tumor Model to Study Cell-Driven Microenvironment Effects and Therapeutic Responses. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6742-6754. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J. Ornell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester 01609-2280, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Katelyn S. Mistretta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester 01609-2280, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Emily Newman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester 01609-2280, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Coulter Q. Ralston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester 01609-2280, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jeannine M. Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester 01609-2280, Massachusetts, United States
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Movia D, Bazou D, Prina-Mello A. ALI multilayered co-cultures mimic biochemical mechanisms of the cancer cell-fibroblast cross-talk involved in NSCLC MultiDrug Resistance. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:854. [PMID: 31464606 PMCID: PMC6714313 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This study focuses on its most common form, Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). No cure exists for advanced NSCLC, and patient prognosis is extremely poor. Efforts are currently being made to develop effective inhaled NSCLC therapies. However, at present, reliable preclinical models to support the development of inhaled anti-cancer drugs do not exist. This is due to the oversimplified nature of currently available in vitro models, and the significant interspecies differences between animals and humans. Methods We have recently established 3D Multilayered Cell Cultures (MCCs) of human NSCLC (A549) cells grown at the Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) as the first in vitro tool for screening the efficacy of inhaled anti-cancer drugs. Here, we present an improved in vitro model formed by growing A549 cells and human fibroblasts (MRC-5 cell line) as an ALI multilayered co-culture. The model was characterized over 14-day growth and tested for its response to four benchmarking chemotherapeutics. Results ALI multilayered co-cultures showed an increased resistance to the four drugs tested as compared to ALI multilayered mono-cultures. The signalling pathways involved in the culture MultiDrug Resistance (MDR) were influenced by the cancer cell-fibroblast cross-talk, which was mediated through TGF-β1 release and subsequent activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. As per in vivo conditions, when inhibiting mTOR phosphorylation, MDR was triggered by activation of the MEK/ERK pathway activation and up-regulation in cIAP-1/2 expression. Conclusions Our study opens new research avenues for the development of alternatives to animal-based inhalation studies, impacting the development of anti-NSCLC drugs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-6038-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Movia
- Department of Clinical Medicine/Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, University of Dublin Trinity College, James's Street, D8, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Despina Bazou
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Department of Clinical Medicine/Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, University of Dublin Trinity College, James's Street, D8, Dublin, Ireland.,AMBER Centre, CRANN Institute, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Depalo N, Fanizza E, Vischio F, Denora N, Laquintana V, Cutrignelli A, Striccoli M, Giannelli G, Agostiano A, Curri ML, Scavo MP. Imaging modification of colon carcinoma cells exposed to lipid based nanovectors for drug delivery: a scanning electron microscopy investigation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21810-21825. [PMID: 35518842 PMCID: PMC9066453 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02381j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The adsorption at cell surfaces and cell internalization of two drug delivery lipid based nanovectors has been investigated by means of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) operating at low beam voltage on two different colon carcinoma cell lines, CaCo-2 and CoLo-205, that were compared with the M14 melanoma cell line, as a reference. The cells were incubated with the investigated multifunctional nanovectors, based on liposomes and magnetic micelles loaded with 5-fluorouracil, as a chemotherapeutic agent, and a FE-SEM systematic investigation was performed, enabling a detailed imaging of any morphological changes of the drug exposed cells as a function of time. The results of the FE-SEM investigation were validated by MTS assay and immunofluorescence staining of the Ki-67 protein performed on the investigated cell lines at different times. The two nanoformulations resulted in a comparable effect on CaCo-2 and M14 cell lines, while for CoLo 205 cells, the liposomes provided an cytotoxic activity higher than that observed in the case of the micelles. The study highlighted the high potential of FE-SEM as a valuable complementary technique for imaging and monitoring in time the drug effects on the selected cells exposed to the two different nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Depalo
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fanizza
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Chimica Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Fabio Vischio
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Chimica Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scienze del Farmaco Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scienze del Farmaco Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scienze del Farmaco Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Marinella Striccoli
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology - Research Hospital "S. De Bellis" Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte Bari Italy
| | - Angela Agostiano
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Chimica Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Chimica Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Maria Principia Scavo
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology - Research Hospital "S. De Bellis" Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte Bari Italy
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Cardoso F, Bartlett JMS, Slaets L, van Deurzen CHM, van Leeuwen-Stok E, Porter P, Linderholm B, Hedenfalk I, Schröder C, Martens J, Bayani J, van Asperen C, Murray M, Hudis C, Middleton L, Vermeij J, Punie K, Fraser J, Nowaczyk M, Rubio IT, Aebi S, Kelly C, Ruddy KJ, Winer E, Nilsson C, Lago LD, Korde L, Benstead K, Bogler O, Goulioti T, Peric A, Litière S, Aalders KC, Poncet C, Tryfonidis K, Giordano SH. Characterization of male breast cancer: results of the EORTC 10085/TBCRC/BIG/NABCG International Male Breast Cancer Program. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:405-417. [PMID: 29092024 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Male breast cancer (BC) is rare, managed by extrapolation from female BC. The International Male BC Program aims to better characterize and manage this disease. We report the results of part I, a retrospective joint analysis of cases diagnosed during a 20-year period. Methods Patients with follow-up and tumor samples, treated between 1990 and 2010, in 93 centers/9 countries. Samples were centrally analyzed in three laboratories (the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and the United States). Results Of 1822 patients enrolled, 1483 were analyzed; 63.5% were diagnosed between 2001 and 2010, 57 (5.1%) had metastatic disease (M1). Median age at diagnosis: 68.4 years. Of 1054 M0 cases, 56.2% were node-negative (N0) and 48.5% had T1 tumors; 4% had breast conserving surgery (BCS), 18% sentinel lymph-node biopsy; half received adjuvant radiotherapy; 29.8% (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and 76.8% adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET), mostly tamoxifen (88.4%). Per central pathology, for M0 tumors: 84.8% ductal invasive carcinomas, 51.5% grade 2; 99.3% estrogen receptor (ER)-positive; 81.9% progesterone receptor (PR)-positive; 96.9% androgen receptor (AR)-positive [ER, PR or AR Allred score ≥3]; 61.1% Ki67 expression low (<14% positive cells); using immunohistochemistry (IHC) surrogates, 41.9% were Luminal-A-like, 48.6% Luminal-B-like/HER-2-negative, 8.7% HER-2-positive, 0.3% triple negative. Median follow-up: 8.2 years (0.0-23.8) for all, 7.2 years (0.0-23.2), for M0, 2.6 years (0.0-12.7) for M1 patients. A significant improvement over time was observed in age-corrected BC mortality. BC-specific-mortality was higher for men younger than 50 years. Better overall (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were observed for highly ER+ (P = 0.001), highly PR+ (P = 0.002), highly AR+ disease (P = 0.019). There was no association between OS/RFS and HER-2 status, Ki67, IHC subtypes nor grade. Conclusions Male BC is usually ER, PR and AR-positive, Luminal B-like/HER2-negative. Of note, 56% patients had T1 tumors but only 4% had BCS. ER was highly positive in >90% of cases but only 77% received adjuvant ET. ER, PR and AR were associated with OS and RFS, whereas grade, Ki67 and IHC surrogates were not. Significant improvement in survival over time was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cardoso
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center/Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Breast Cancer Group, Toronto, Canada.
| | - J M S Bartlett
- Transformative Pathology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L Slaets
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C H M van Deurzen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Dutch Breast Cancer Research Group (BOOG), The Netherlands
| | | | - P Porter
- Divisions of Human Biology and Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - B Linderholm
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Swedish Association of Breast Oncologists (SABO), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - I Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - C Schröder
- Dutch Breast Cancer Research Group (BOOG), The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Martens
- Dutch Breast Cancer Research Group (BOOG), The Netherlands; Breast Cancer Genomics and Proteomics Lab, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Bayani
- Transformative Pathology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - C van Asperen
- Dutch Breast Cancer Research Group (BOOG), The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Murray
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - C Hudis
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - L Middleton
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J Vermeij
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - K Punie
- Department of General Medical Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Fraser
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Nowaczyk
- Specialist Hospital, St. Wojciech, Gdansk, Poland
| | - I T Rubio
- Breast Surgical Unit, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Aebi
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Switzerland
| | - C Kelly
- All Ireland Cooperative Oncology Research Group (ICORG), Ireland
| | - K J Ruddy
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - E Winer
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - C Nilsson
- Department of Oncology, Västmanlands Hospital, Västerås, Sweden; Swedish Association of Breast Oncologists (SABO), Sweden
| | - L Dal Lago
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Korde
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - K Benstead
- Department of Oncology, Cheltenham General Hospital, UK
| | - O Bogler
- Global Academic Programs, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - T Goulioti
- Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Peric
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Litière
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K C Aalders
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Poncet
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Tryfonidis
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S H Giordano
- Departments of Health Services Research and Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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CD73 Promotes Glioblastoma Pathogenesis and Enhances Its Chemoresistance via A 2B Adenosine Receptor Signaling. J Neurosci 2019; 39:4387-4402. [PMID: 30926752 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1118-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the deadliest brain cancers to afflict humans, and it has a very poor survival rate even with treatment. The extracellular adenosine-generating enzyme CD73 is involved in many cellular functions that can be usurped by tumors, including cell adhesion, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. We set out to determine the role of CD73 in GB pathogenesis. To do this, we established a unique GB mouse model (CD73-FLK) in which we spatially expressed CD73 on endothelial cells in CD73-/- mice. This allowed us to elucidate the mechanism of host CD73 versus GB-expressed CD73 by comparing GB pathogenesis in WT, CD73-/-, and CD73-FLK mice. GB in CD73-/- mice had decreased tumor size, decreased tumor vessel density, and reduced tumor invasiveness compared with GB in WT mice. Interestingly, GBs in CD73-FLK mice were much more invasive and caused complete distortion of the brain morphology. We showed a 20-fold upregulation of A2B AR on GB compared with sham, and its activation induced matrix metalloproteinase-2, which enhanced GB pathogenesis. Inhibition of A2B AR signaling decreased multidrug resistance transporter protein expression, including permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1). Further, we showed that blockade of A2B AR signaling potently increased GB cell death induced by the chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide. Together, these findings suggest that CD73 and A2B AR play a multifaceted role in GB pathogenesis and progression and that targeting the CD73-A2B AR axis can benefit GB patients and inform new approaches for therapy to treat GB patients.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Glioblastoma (GB) is the most devastating primary brain tumor. GB patients' median survival is 16 months even with treatment. It is critical that we develop prophylaxes to advance GB treatment and improve patient survival. CD73-generated adenosine has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis, but its role in GB was not ascertained. Here, we demonstrated that host CD73 plays a prominent role in multiple areas of glioblastoma pathogenesis, including promoting GB growth, its angiogenesis, and its invasiveness. We found a 20-fold increase in A2B adenosine receptor (AR) expression on GB compared with sham, and its inhibition increased GB chemosensitivity to temozolomide. These findings strongly indicate that blockade or inhibition of CD73 and the A2B AR are prime targets for future GB therapy.
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Paniagua-Torija B, Norenberg M, Arevalo-Martin A, Carballosa-Gautam MM, Campos-Martin Y, Molina-Holgado E, Garcia-Ovejero D. Cells in the adult human spinal cord ependymal region do not proliferate after injury. J Pathol 2018; 246:415-421. [PMID: 30091291 DOI: 10.1002/path.5151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates that regenerate the injured spinal cord, cells at the ependymal region proliferate and coordinate the formation of bridges between the lesion stumps. In mammals, these cells also proliferate profusely around the central canal after spinal cord injury, although their actual contribution to repair is controversial. In humans, however, the central canal disappears from early childhood in the majority of individuals, being replaced by astrocyte gliosis, ependymocyte clusters, and perivascular pseudo-rosettes. In this human ependymal remnant, cells do not proliferate under normal conditions, but it is not known if they do after a lesion. Here, we studied the human ependymal remnant after traumatic spinal cord injury using samples from 21 individuals with survival times ranging from days to months post-injury. With three different monoclonal antibodies raised against two different proliferation markers (Ki67 and MCM2), we found that the ependymal remnant in adult humans does not proliferate after injury at any time or distance from the lesion. Our results seriously challenge the view of the spinal cord ependymal region as a neurogenic niche in adult humans and suggest that it would not be involved in cell replacement after a lesion. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Norenberg
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Angel Arevalo-Martin
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain
| | - Melissa M Carballosa-Gautam
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Eduardo Molina-Holgado
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain
| | - Daniel Garcia-Ovejero
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain
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Analysis of membranous Ki-67 staining in breast cancer and surrounding breast epithelium. Virchows Arch 2018; 473:145-153. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Takada N, Hirokawa M, Ohbayashi C, Nishikawa T, Itoh T, Imagawa N, Oyama T, Handa T, Hasegawa T, Sugita S, Murata A, Miyauchi A. Re-evaluation of MIB-1 immunostaining for diagnosing hyalinizing trabecular tumour of the thyroid: semi-automated techniques with manual antigen retrieval are more accurate than fully automated techniques. Endocr J 2018; 65:239-244. [PMID: 29199205 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej17-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyalinizing trabecular tumour (HTT) immunohistochemically shows cell membranous immunoreactivity for MIB-1. This aberrant immunoreactivity is an important factor for the diagnosis of HTT. However, fully automated stainers frequently fail to confirm the immunoreactivity. The aim of this study is to investigate the cause of false negative cell membranous immunoreactivity for MIB-1 in HTT using fully automated stainers, to determine potential reasons for the problem, and to establish methods confirming cell membranous immunoreactivity for MIB-1 in HTT. Six participating institutions examined immunoreactivity for MIB-1 in 10 HTT cases using two approaches: fully automated and semi-automated methods. In the latter, antigen retrieval was carried out using manual methods adopted for routine assays at each institute. The autostainers used included the BOND-MAX, BOND-III, Benchmark XT, and Omnis systems. Using fully automated methods, institute E showed cell membranous MIB-1 positivity in all HTT cases. In contrast, at institute D, all HTT cases were negative. The positive rates of the remaining four institutes ranged from 10% to 20%. The incidence of positive cases using semi-automated methods was 100%, 90%, 90%, 30%, 80%, and 100% at institutes A, B, C, D, E, and F, respectively. We assert that antigen retrieval should be conducted manually for diagnosis of HTT; furthermore, definitively diagnosed HTT should be prepared as the external positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Takada
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0011, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0011, Japan
| | - Chiho Ohbayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tomoo Itoh
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naoko Imagawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 370-8511, Japan
| | - Tadashi Handa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 370-8511, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sugita
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Akiko Murata
- Department of Technical Development, Genostaff Co. Ltd., Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Akira Miyauchi
- Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0011, Japan
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Faraji AH, Tonetti DA, Flickinger JC, Engh JA. Alteration of the Ki-67 Proliferative Index following Surgical Resection with or without Radiation Therapy of Intracranial Meningiomas. Cureus 2017; 9:e1873. [PMID: 29383295 PMCID: PMC5779868 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ki-67 proliferative index is a widely accepted assay for cycling cells within tumor specimens of multiple histological subtypes. While it is not a substitute for the World Health Organization (WHO) grading, the Ki-67 proliferative index is thought to correlate with the biological activity of selected tumors. In the case of intracranial meningiomas, many lesions may be resected multiple times, with radiation therapy juxtaposed between surgical procedures. A retrospective review of 3,900 consecutive patients undergoing intracranial surgical resection at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center over a five year period was undertaken. Of these patients, 604 had multiple resections. Multiple Ki-67 index scores were available for 42 patients with WHO grade I and II meningiomas, who suffered a recurrence or progression after their initial resection. Evidence of radiation therapy in the interval between pathology reports was also recorded. Data was evaluated for significant differences (p<0.05). WHO grade II meningiomas were more likely to have a higher Ki-67 index score on second resection than WHO grade I tumors (p=0.051). Furthermore, radiation-treated meningiomas demonstrated similar first Ki-67 index scores and higher second Ki-67 index scores (p=0.057 and p=0.022). Male patients tended to have less change in proliferation rates than female patients between the first and second resections (p=0.083), with a greater proportion of female patient tumors demonstrating accelerating proliferation rates. Treatment with radiation was associated with diminishing changes in meningioma proliferation rates compared to non-treated patients for tumors showing both accelerating rates (p=0.067) and decelerating rates (p=0.081). Ki-67 proliferation indices of recurrent or progressive meningiomas indicate that there are potentially distinct types of growth patterns of meningiomas, consisting of accelerating and decelerating proliferation rates. Meningioma growth is related to WHO grade, patient gender, and treatment with radiation. Radiation treatment appears to stabilize or "inactivate" tumor proliferation and thus normalize changes in meningioma growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Faraji
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
| | - Daniel A Tonetti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
| | - John C Flickinger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
| | - Johnathan A Engh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
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Sarwar R, Sheikh AK, Mahjabeen I, Bashir K, Saeed S, Kayani MA. Upregulation of RAD51 expression is associated with progression of thyroid carcinoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:446-454. [PMID: 28502582 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS RAD51 participates in homologous recombination repair (HRR) of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) which may cause genomic instability and cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate RAD51 gene expression at transcriptional and translational levels to measure mRNA and protein level and to correlate its relationship with proliferation marker, Ki67 in thyroid cancer patients. This study also explored correlation of these genes with different clinicopathological parameters of the study cohort by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. METHODS Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to detect mRNA transcript levels and protein expression of RAD51 and Ki67 in 102 cases of thyroid cancer tissues and equal number of uninvolved healthy thyroid tissue controls. RESULTS Data showed that expression for both RAD51 and Ki67 was significantly increased in thyroid cancer (p<0.001). High RAD51 and Ki67 expression was associated with later stages, poor tissue differentiation, large tumor size, positive lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. The correlation analysis demonstrated a strong positive correlation (r=0.461) between RAD51 and Ki67 on mRNA level and on protein level (r=0.866). Strong correlation was observed between clinicopathological characteristics and selected molecules. CONCLUSION The present study concluded that upregulation of RAD51 and overexpression of Ki67 may be associated with the progression of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sarwar
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A K Sheikh
- Pathology Department, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad (PIMS), Pakistan
| | - I Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - K Bashir
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Saeed
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M A Kayani
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad, Pakistan.
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27
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Zhang G, Song X, Mei J, Ye G, Wang L, Yu L, Xing MQ, Qiu X. A simple 3D cryogel co-culture system used to study the role of CAFs in EMT of MDA-MB-231 cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28721b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a 3D co-culture system for the study of the role of CAFs in the EMT process of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Department of Anatomy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- Department of Anatomy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Anatomy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Genlan Ye
- Department of Anatomy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Leyu Wang
- Department of Anatomy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Anatomy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Malcolm M. Q. Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | - Xiaozhong Qiu
- Department of Anatomy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
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Pradhan S, Hassani I, Seeto WJ, Lipke EA. PEG‐fibrinogen hydrogels for three‐dimensional breast cancer cell culture. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:236-252. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Pradhan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringAuburn UniversityAuburn Alabama36849
| | - Iman Hassani
- Department of Chemical EngineeringAuburn UniversityAuburn Alabama36849
| | - Wen J. Seeto
- Department of Chemical EngineeringAuburn UniversityAuburn Alabama36849
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Meus MA, Hertig V, Villeneuve L, Jasmin JF, Calderone A. Nestin Expressed by Pre-Existing Cardiomyocytes Recapitulated in Part an Embryonic Phenotype; Suppressive Role of p38 MAPK. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1717-1727. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Andre Meus
- Montreal Heart Institute; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Département de Physiologie Moléculaire et Intégrative; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Vanessa Hertig
- Montreal Heart Institute; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Département de Physiologie Moléculaire et Intégrative; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Louis Villeneuve
- Montreal Heart Institute; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Jasmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of the Sciences in Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Angelino Calderone
- Montreal Heart Institute; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Département de Physiologie Moléculaire et Intégrative; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
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Ki-67 Membranous Staining: Biologically Relevant or an Artifact of Multiplexed Immunofluorescent Staining. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 24:447-52. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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A biofidelic 3D culture model to study the development of brain cellular systems. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24953. [PMID: 27112667 PMCID: PMC4844952 DOI: 10.1038/srep24953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how cells assemble as systems during corticogenesis to generate collective functions. We built a neurobiology platform that consists of fetal rat cerebral cortical cells grown within 3D silk scaffolds (SF). Ivermectin (Ivm), a glycine receptor (GLR) agonist, was used to modulate cell resting membrane potential (Vmem) according to methods described in a previous work that implicated Ivm in the arrangement and connectivity of cortical cell assemblies. The cells developed into distinct populations of neuroglial stem/progenitor cells, mature neurons or epithelial-mesenchymal cells. Importantly, the synchronized electrical activity in the newly developed cortical assemblies could be recorded as local field potential (LFP) measurements. This study therefore describes the first example of the development of a biologically relevant cortical plate assembly outside of the body. This model provides i) a preclinical basis for engineering cerebral cortex tissue autografts and ii) a biofidelic 3D culture model for investigating biologically relevant processes during the functional development of cerebral cortical cellular systems.
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Rodriguez-Lara V, Muñiz-Rivera Cambas A, González Villalva A, Fortoul TI. Sex-based differences in lymphocyte proliferation in the spleen after vanadium inhalation. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:498-508. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2015.1134731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vianey Rodriguez-Lara
- Department of Cellular and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, C.U., México City, México
| | - Angelica Muñiz-Rivera Cambas
- Department of Cellular and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, C.U., México City, México
| | - Adriana González Villalva
- Department of Cellular and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, C.U., México City, México
| | - Teresa I. Fortoul
- Department of Cellular and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, C.U., México City, México
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Ibrahim MAA, Elbakry RH, Bayomy NA. Effect of bisphenol A on morphology, apoptosis and proliferation in the resting mammary gland of the adult albino rat. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 97:27-36. [PMID: 26877094 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic oestrogen that is extensively used in a wide range of daily used plastic products. This makes it one of the environmental chemicals that may have impact on human health. Due to its oestrogenic effect, BPA might affect the mammary gland. This study aimed to investigate the influence of BPA on the histological structure of the mammary gland of the adult female albino rat and its effect on epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis status, in addition to its possible modulating effect on estrogen receptor expression. Thirty female adult albino rats were divided into control and experimental groups. The rats in the experimental group were gavaged with 5 mg/kg BPA daily for 8 weeks. The mammary glands were dissected and processed for histological and immunohistochemical stains for Ki-67, activated caspase-3 and estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α). BPA induced an increase in the number and size of the acini and ducts in the mammary gland of treated rats with hyperplasia of their lining epithelial cells. The collagen fibre content was significantly increased in the connective tissue stroma separating the ducts. Immunohistochemical results showed a significant increase in Ki-67 and caspase-3, but a non-significant increase in ER-α expression. Bisphenol A induced structural changes and affected the proliferation rate of mammary glands, so it might be one of the predisposing factors for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A A Ibrahim
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Reda H Elbakry
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Naglaa A Bayomy
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Anatomy and Tissues department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
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Niemiec J, Adamczyk A, Ambicka A, Mucha-Małecka A, Wysocki WM, Majchrzyk K, Ryś J. BGX-Ki-67 index as a supplementary marker to MIB-1 index, enabling more precise distinction between luminal A and B subtypes of breast carcinoma and eliminating the problem of membranous/cytoplasmic MIB-1 staining. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 143:419-29. [PMID: 25696801 DOI: 10.1309/ajcphaek82qwqorj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared clinical utility of MIB-1 and BGX-Ki-67 clones of anti-Ki-67 antibody in a group of 156 patients with invasive ductal breast cancer. METHODS MIB-1 labeling index (MIB-1LI) and BGX labeling index (BGXLI) were evaluated immunohistochemically both in primary tumors (T) and synchronous lymph node metastasis (LNM). RESULTS In addition to nuclear MIB-1 staining, in 23 of 145 and 19 of 144 T and LNM, respectively, membranous/cytoplasmic labeling was found. In these cases, BGX-Ki-67 showed exclusively nuclear labeling and presented significantly higher labeling index. High BGXLI(T) was a significant independent negative prognostic factor for disease-free survival. Moreover, based on BGXLI(T)/BGXLI(LNM), patients with high MIB-1LI(T) were stratified into low- and high-risk carriers. CONCLUSIONS In carcinomas with membranous/cytoplasmic MIB-1 staining, additional assessment of BGXLI is recommended. It may help in defining breast cancer subtype and in selection of individuals at risk who, despite appropriate therapy, would benefit from more frequent controls aimed at earlier implementation of second-line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Niemiec
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Centre and Institute of Oncology, Krakow Branch, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamczyk
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Centre and Institute of Oncology, Krakow Branch, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Ambicka
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Centre and Institute of Oncology, Krakow Branch, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Mucha-Małecka
- Department of Head and Neck Cancers, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Centre and Institute of Oncology, Krakow Branch, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech M. Wysocki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Centre and Institute of Oncology, Krakow Branch, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kaja Majchrzyk
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Centre and Institute of Oncology, Krakow Branch, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janusz Ryś
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Centre and Institute of Oncology, Krakow Branch, Krakow, Poland
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Kilickap S, Kaya Y, Yucel B, Tuncer E, Babacan NA, Elagoz S. Higher Ki67 expression is associates with unfavorable prognostic factors and shorter survival in breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:1381-5. [PMID: 24606469 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.3.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of the Ki67 expression level is yet unclear in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Ki67 expression levels and prognostic factors such as grade, Her2 and hormone receptor expression status in breast cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and pathological features of the patients with breast cancer were retreived from the hospital records. RESULTS In this study, 163 patients with breast cancer were analyzed, with a mean age of 53.4±12.2 years. Median Ki67 positivity was 20% and Ki67-high tumors were significantly associated with high grade (p<0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.001), estrogen receptor (ER) negativity (p=0.035), Her2 positivity (p=0.001), advanced stage (p<0.001) and lymph node positivity (p<0.003) . Lower Ki67 levels were significantly associated with longer median relapse-free and overall survival compared to those of higher Ki67 levels. CONCLUSIONS High Ki67 expression is associated with ER negativity, Her2 positivity, higher grade and axillary lymph node involvement in breast cancers. The level of Ki67 expression is a prognostic factor predicting relapse-free and overall survival in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadettin Kilickap
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Institute of Cancer, Turkey E-mail :
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Time dependence of biomarkers: non-proportional effects of immunohistochemical panels predicting relapse risk in early breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2242-7. [PMID: 25314051 PMCID: PMC4264442 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated the impact of follow-up duration to determine whether two immunohistochemical prognostic panels, IHC4 and Mammostrat, provide information on the risk of early or late distant recurrence using the Edinburgh Breast Conservation Series and the Tamoxifen vs Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational (TEAM) trial. Methods: The multivariable fractional polynomial time (MFPT) algorithm was used to determine which variables had possible non-proportional effects. The performance of the scores was assessed at various lengths of follow-up and Cox regression modelling was performed over the intervals of 0–5 years and >5 years. Results: We observed a strong time dependence of both the IHC4 and Mammostrat scores, with their effects decreasing over time. In the first 5 years of follow-up only, the addition of both scores to clinical factors provided statistically significant information (P<0.05), with increases in R2 between 5 and 6% and increases in D-statistic between 0.16 and 0.21. Conclusions: Our analyses confirm that the IHC4 and Mammostrat scores are strong prognostic factors for time to distant recurrence but this is restricted to the first 5 years after diagnosis. This provides evidence for their combined use to predict early recurrence events in order to select those patients who may/will benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Ekholm M, Beglerbegovic S, Grabau D, Lövgren K, Malmström P, Hartman L, Fernö M. Immunohistochemical assessment of Ki67 with antibodies SP6 and MIB1 in primary breast cancer: a comparison of prognostic value and reproducibility. Histopathology 2014; 65:252-60. [PMID: 24527721 DOI: 10.1111/his.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare SP6 and MIB1 antibodies for assessment of Ki67 in primary breast cancer with regard to prognostic value and reproducibility. METHODS AND RESULTS A cohort of 237 premenopausal women with node-negative breast cancer, mainly (87%) not treated with adjuvant systemic therapy, was used. Assessment of Ki67 (SP6 and MIB1) was performed on tissue microarray by three different investigators. The seventh decile was applied for cut-off. Distant disease-free survival (DDFS) was chosen as endpoint and the follow-up was restricted to 5 years. Eighty-nine per cent of the samples were classified into the same proliferation group, irrespective of antibody used. For both antibodies, high Ki67 was associated with inferior DDFS in univariable analyses (SP6: HR 2.5, P = 0.01; and MIB1: HR 2.8, P = 0.004), but failed to reach statistical significance for DDFS in multivariable analyses adjusted for HER2, age, and tumour size (SP6: HR 2.0, P = 0.074; and MIB1: HR 2.2, P = 0.058). The agreement between different assessors was somewhat higher for MIB1 than for SP6 (κ 0.83-0.88 versus 0.72-0.77). CONCLUSIONS SP6 was not superior to MIB1, but the two antibodies were comparable in the assessment of Ki67. Both MIB1 and SP6 could therefore be considered for prognostic use in primary breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ekholm
- Department of Oncology, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden; Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Mahjabeen I, Ali K, Zhou X, Kayani MA. Deregulation of base excision repair gene expression and enhanced proliferation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5971-83. [PMID: 24622884 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the DNA damage repair pathway contribute to cancer. The major pathway for oxidative DNA damage repair is base excision repair (BER). Although BER pathway genes (OGG1, APEX1 and XRCC1) have been investigated in a number of cancers, our knowledge on the prognostic significance of these genes and their role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is limited. Protein levels of OGG1, APEX1 and XRCC1 and a proliferation marker, Ki-67, were examined by immunohistochemical analysis, in a cohort of 50 HNSCC patients. Significant downregulation of OGG1 (p<0.04) and XRCC1 (p<0.05) was observed in poorly differentiated HNSCC compared to mod-well-differentiated cases. Significant upregulation of APEX1 (p<0.05) and Ki-67 (p<0.05) was observed in poorly differentiated HNSCC compared to mod-well-differentiated cases. Significant correlation was observed between XRCC1 and OGG1 (r=0.33, p<0.02). Inverse correlations were observed between OGG1 and Ki-67 (r=-0.377, p<0.005), between APEX1 and XRCC1 (r=-0.435, p<0.002) and between OGG1 and APEX1 (r=-0.34, p<0.02) in HNSCC. To confirm our observations, we examined BER pathway genes and a proliferation marker, Ki-67, expression at the mRNA level on 50 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and 50 normal control samples by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Significant downregulation was observed in case of OGG1 (p<0.04) and XRCC1 (p<0.02), while significant upregulation was observed in case of APEX1 (p<0.01) and Ki-67 (p<0.03) in HNSCC tissue samples compared to controls. Our data suggested that deregulation of base excision repair pathway genes, such as OGG1, APEX1 and XRCC1, combined with overexpression of Ki-67, a marker for excessive proliferation, may contribute to progression of HNSCC in Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Park Road Chakshazad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Warner SMB, Hackett TL, Shaheen F, Hallstrand TS, Kicic A, Stick SM, Knight DA. Transcription factor p63 regulates key genes and wound repair in human airway epithelial basal cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 49:978-88. [PMID: 23837456 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0447oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium in asthma displays altered repair and incomplete barrier formation. Basal cells are the progenitor cells of the airway epithelium, and can repopulate other cell types after injury. We previously reported increased numbers of basal cells expressing the transcription factor p63 in the airway epithelium of patients with asthma. Here we sought to determine the molecular consequences of p63 expression in basal human airway epithelial cells during wound repair. Because at least six isoforms of p63 exist (N-terminally truncated [ΔN] versus transcriptional activation promoter variants and α, β, or γ 3' splice variants), the expression of all isoforms was investigated in primary human airway epithelial cells (pHAECs). We modulated p63 expression, using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and adenoviral constructs to determine the effects of p63 on 21 candidate target genes by RT-PCR, and on repair using a scratch wound assay. We found that basal pHAECs from asthmatic and nonasthmatic donors predominantly expressed the N-terminally truncated p63α variant (ΔNp63α) isoform, with no disease-specific differences in expression. The knockdown of ΔNp63, using specific siRNA, decreased the expression of 11 out of 21 genes associated with epithelial repair and differentiation, including β-catenin, epidermal growth factor receptor, and Jagged1. The loss of ΔNp63 significantly inhibited wound closure (which was associated with the decreased expression of β-catenin and Jagged1), reduced epithelial proliferation as measured by Ki-67 staining, and increased E-cadherin expression, potentially preventing cytokinesis. In conclusion, ΔNp63α is the major isoform expressed in basal pHAECs, and is essential for epithelial wound repair. The role of ΔNp63α in epithelial barrier integrity requires further study to understand its role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M B Warner
- 1 University of British Columbia James Hogg Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Sundara Rajan S, Hanby AM, Horgan K, Thygesen HH, Speirs V. The potential utility of geminin as a predictive biomarker in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 143:91-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Suciu C, Muresan A, Cornea R, Suciu O, Dema A, Raica M. Semi-automated evaluation of Ki-67 index in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Oncol Lett 2013; 7:107-114. [PMID: 24348830 PMCID: PMC3861561 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant factor that affects the value of the Ki-67 proliferation index (IK) is the interpretation and implementation approach. This method is based on visual or automated methods to count tumor nuclei labeled with Ki-67 antigen, and is prone to errors. Detection of Ki-67 is a useful tool in breast cancer and contributes to its molecular classification. The current study proposes a method for the quantification of Ki-67-positive tumor nuclei, which allows for the determination of the exact IK value that is required for tumor stratification based on the proliferation rate. The IK was assessed in 81 successive cases of diagnosed invasive ductal breast carcinoma using a semi-automated method that accurately identifies positive tumor cell nuclei. This method prevents the inclusion of other possible positive cells, including lymphoid, normal epithelia and hyperplastic. In small specimens with increased cell density, where the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio is markedly in favor of the nucleus and the distance between nuclei is small, the method allows precise quantification of the nuclei, even when the limits between nuclei are difficult to identify. In addition, images may be stored in a database, including the assessments, and easily accessed when required. We hypothesize that the semi-automated method for counting nuclei offers the most accurate method of assessing the IK and avoids counting errors that may occur through other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Suciu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Timiş 300041, Romania ; Department of Pathology, Emergency County Hospital, Timişoara, Timiş 300736, Romania
| | - Anca Muresan
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Timiş 300041, Romania ; Department of Pathology, Emergency County Hospital, Timişoara, Timiş 300736, Romania
| | - Remus Cornea
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Timiş 300041, Romania
| | - Oana Suciu
- Department of Rehabilitation, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timişoara, Timişoara, Timiş 300041, Romania
| | - Alis Dema
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Timiş 300041, Romania ; Department of Pathology, Emergency County Hospital, Timişoara, Timiş 300736, Romania
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Timiş 300041, Romania
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The role of p21 Waf1/Cip1 in large airway epithelium in smokers with and without COPD. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1473-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Non-nuclear localization of Ki-67 in human colorectal cancer cells grown as multicellular layers. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:634-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Niemiec JA, Adamczyk A, Małecki K, Majchrzyk K, Ryś J. Relationships Between Immunophenotype, Ki-67 Index, Microvascular Density, Ep-CAM/P-cadherin, and MMP-2 Expression in Early-stage Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2012; 20:550-60. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e31824f21af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kim BH, Bae YS, Kim SH, Jeong HJ, Hong SW, Yoon SO. Usefulness of Ki-67 (MIB-1) immunostaining in the diagnosis of pulmonary sclerosing hemangiomas. APMIS 2012; 121:105-10. [PMID: 23030396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2012.02945.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH) is an uncommon lung neoplasm with a clinical outcome that is generally benign. However, differentiating PSH from pulmonary carcinoma is sometimes difficult as both lesions share similar histopathologic and immunohistochemical features. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of Ki-67 (MIB-1) immunostaining in the diagnosis of PSH. We compared the staining pattern for Ki-67 (MIB-1) in 29 cases of typical PSH and 79 cases of pulmonary non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) using an immunohistochemical method on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. In all studied PSH cases, we noted cell membrane and cytoplasmic staining for Ki-67 (MIB-1), but this was not observed in any of the NSCLC cases. The Ki-67 proliferation index was lower in PSH than in the NSCLC cases (mean, 1.1% vs mean, 5.5%; p < 0.001). These findings suggest that cell membrane and cytoplasmic staining for Ki-67 (MIB-1), as well as the Ki-67 proliferation index, may be useful for distinguishing PSH from pulmonary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baek-hui Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jiang YH, Cheng B, Ge MH, Zhang G. The prognostic significance of p63 and Ki-67 expression in myoepithelial carcinoma. HEAD & NECK ONCOLOGY 2012; 4:9. [PMID: 22452794 PMCID: PMC3331847 DOI: 10.1186/1758-3284-4-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare tumour. The clinical and biological behaviours of these tumours are variable. Although many factors have been evaluated as potential prognostic indicators, including clinical stage, site and size of the tumour, high proliferative activity, extensive invasion into the surrounding tissue, perineural permeation, the abnormal presence of nuclear DNA content, and marked cellular pleomorphism, there are no definite histological features that clearly correlate with their behaviour. Thus, conclusions regarding prognostic factors and ideal treatment may emerge as the number of investigated myoepithelial carcinoma cases accumulate. Methods Using immunohistochemistry, expression levels of p63 and Ki-67 were determined in 16 myoepithelial carcinoma samples and correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and patient prognosis. Results p63 expression was detected in six of the myoepithelial carcinoma tissues (37.5%) and Ki-67 was detected in five (31.3%). In addition, p63 and Ki-67 expression levels were associated with myoepithelial carcinoma recurrence and metastasis. All six patients with p63-positive expression died due to disease or cardiovascular disease (mean survival time = 50.5 months), and p63 expression was statistically significant with respect to survival (P = 0.01). Four patients with Ki-67-positive expression died due to disease or cardiovascular disease (mean survival time = 44.0 months); however, there was no statistically significant difference between Ki-67 expression and survival (P = 0.24). Conclusions Recurrence and metastasis in myoepithelial carcinomas are more frequent in p63-positive and Ki-67-positive EMCs, and poor prognosis is associated with overexpression of p63.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Hua Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, and The Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
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Taromaru GCM, DE Oliveira VM, Silva MALG, Montor WR, Bagnoli F, Rinaldi JF, Aoki T. Interaction between cyclooxygenase-2 and insulin-like growth factor in breast cancer: A new field for prevention and treatment. Oncol Lett 2011; 3:682-688. [PMID: 22740976 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2011.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and markers of cell proliferation and apoptosis, including, Bcl-2, Bax, Ki-67 and the type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor (IGF1-R) in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC), present in the same surgical specimen. A total of 110 cases were evaluated using tissue microarrays. Cases were classified in scores from 0 to 3 according to pre-defined methods. The results showed that the positivity rates were COX-2 in 87% of cases in DCIS and IDC; Bcl-2 in 55% of cases in DCIS and IDC; Bax in 23% of cases in IDC and 19% in DCIS, IGF-1 in 24% of cases in DCIS and IDC; and Ki-67 in 81% of cases in DCIS and IDC. We also observed a positive correlation between the expression of COX-2 and IGF1-R (p=0.045). Our results demonstrate a positive correlation between the expression of COX-2 and IGF1-R in DCIS and IDC, demonstrating that they are involved in breast cancer carcinogenesis. Further studies are required to prove the effectiveness of COX-2 and IGF1-R inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer, as well as to explain their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Cássia Morrone Taromaru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo and Santa Casa de São Paulo, Faculty of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dowsett M, Nielsen TO, A'Hern R, Bartlett J, Coombes RC, Cuzick J, Ellis M, Henry NL, Hugh JC, Lively T, McShane L, Paik S, Penault-Llorca F, Prudkin L, Regan M, Salter J, Sotiriou C, Smith IE, Viale G, Zujewski JA, Hayes DF. Assessment of Ki67 in breast cancer: recommendations from the International Ki67 in Breast Cancer working group. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011; 103:1656-64. [PMID: 21960707 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djr393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1264] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled proliferation is a hallmark of cancer. In breast cancer, immunohistochemical assessment of the proportion of cells staining for the nuclear antigen Ki67 has become the most widely used method for comparing proliferation between tumor samples. Potential uses include prognosis, prediction of relative responsiveness or resistance to chemotherapy or endocrine therapy, estimation of residual risk in patients on standard therapy and as a dynamic biomarker of treatment efficacy in samples taken before, during, and after neoadjuvant therapy, particularly neoadjuvant endocrine therapy. Increasingly, Ki67 is measured in these scenarios for clinical research, including as a primary efficacy endpoint for clinical trials, and sometimes for clinical management. At present, the enormous variation in analytical practice markedly limits the value of Ki67 in each of these contexts. On March 12, 2010, an international panel of investigators with substantial expertise in the assessment of Ki67 and in the development of biomarker guidelines was convened in London by the co-chairs of the Breast International Group and North American Breast Cancer Group Biomarker Working Party to consider evidence for potential applications. Comprehensive recommendations on preanalytical and analytical assessment, and interpretation and scoring of Ki67 were formulated based on current evidence. These recommendations are geared toward achieving a harmonized methodology, create greater between-laboratory and between-study comparability, and allow earlier valid applications of this marker in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch Dowsett
- Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Centre, Fulham Road, London, UK.
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Konsti J, Lundin M, Joensuu H, Lehtimäki T, Sihto H, Holli K, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Kataja V, Sailas L, Isola J, Lundin J. Development and evaluation of a virtual microscopy application for automated assessment of Ki-67 expression in breast cancer. BMC Clin Pathol 2011; 11:3. [PMID: 21262004 PMCID: PMC3040126 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-11-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to develop a virtual microscopy enabled method for assessment of Ki-67 expression and to study the prognostic value of the automated analysis in a comprehensive series of patients with breast cancer. Methods Using a previously reported virtual microscopy platform and an open source image processing tool, ImageJ, a method for assessment of immunohistochemically (IHC) stained area and intensity was created. A tissue microarray (TMA) series of breast cancer specimens from 1931 patients was immunostained for Ki-67, digitized with a whole slide scanner and uploaded to an image web server. The extent of Ki-67 staining in the tumour specimens was assessed both visually and with the image analysis algorithm. The prognostic value of the computer vision assessment of Ki-67 was evaluated by comparison of distant disease-free survival in patients with low, moderate or high expression of the protein. Results 1648 evaluable image files from 1334 patients were analysed in less than two hours. Visual and automated Ki-67 extent of staining assessments showed a percentage agreement of 87% and weighted kappa value of 0.57. The hazard ratio for distant recurrence for patients with a computer determined moderate Ki-67 extent of staining was 1.77 (95% CI 1.31-2.37) and for high extent 2.34 (95% CI 1.76-3.10), compared to patients with a low extent. In multivariate survival analyses, automated assessment of Ki-67 extent of staining was retained as a significant prognostic factor. Conclusions Running high-throughput automated IHC algorithms on a virtual microscopy platform is feasible. Comparison of visual and automated assessments of Ki-67 expression shows moderate agreement. In multivariate survival analysis, the automated assessment of Ki-67 extent of staining is a significant and independent predictor of outcome in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Konsti
- FIMM - Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Sakurai K, Matsuo S, Enomoto K, Amano S, Shiono M. Menstruation recovery after chemotherapy and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist plus tamoxifen therapy for premenopausal patients with breast cancer. Surg Today 2010; 41:48-53. [PMID: 21191690 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-009-4226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about the period required for menstruation recovery after long-term luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist plus tamoxifen therapy following chemotherapy. In this study we investigated the period required for menstruation recovery after the therapy. METHODS The subjects comprised 105 premenopausal breast cancer patients who had undergone surgery. All patients were administered an LH-RH agonist for 24 months and tamoxifen for 5 years following the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, and the status of menstruation recovery was examined. RESULTS Menstruation resumed in 16 cases (15.2%) after the last LH-RH agonist treatment session. The mean period from the last LH-RH agonist treatment to the recovery of menstruation was 6.9 months. The rate of menstruation recovery was 35.5% in patients aged 40 years or younger and 8.0% in those aged 41 years or older, and it was significantly higher in those aged 40 years or younger. The period until menstruation recovery tended to be longer in older patients at the end of treatment. CONCLUSION This study showed that menstruation resumed after treatment at higher rates in younger patients. However, because it is highly likely that ovarian function will be destroyed by the treatment even in young patients, it is considered necessary to explain the risk to patients and obtain informed consent before introducing this treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Sakurai
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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