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Inada S, Chiba Y, Tian T, Sato H, Wang X, Yoshizaki K, Oka S, Yamada A, Fukumoto S. Expression patterns of keratin family members during tooth development and the role of keratin 17 in cytodifferentiation of stratum intermedium and stellate reticulum. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31387. [PMID: 39014890 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Keratins are typical intermediate filament proteins of the epithelium that exhibit highly specific expression patterns related to the epithelial type and stage of cellular differentiation. They are important for cytoplasmic stability and epithelial integrity and are involved in various intracellular signaling pathways. Several keratins are associated with enamel formation. However, information on their expression patterns during tooth development remains lacking. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal expression of keratin family members during tooth development using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and microarray analysis. scRNA-seq datasets from postnatal Day 1 mouse molars revealed that several keratins are highly expressed in the dental epithelium, indicating the involvement of keratin family members in cellular functions. Among various keratins, keratin 5 (Krt5), keratin 14 (Krt14), and keratin 17 (Krt17) are highly expressed in the tooth germ; KRT17 is specifically expressed in the stratum intermedium (SI) and stellate reticulum (SR). Depletion of Krt17 did not affect cell proliferation in the dental epithelial cell line SF2 but suppressed their differentiation ability. These results suggest that Krt17 is essential for SI cell differentiation. Furthermore, scRNA-seq results indicated that Krt5, Krt14, and Krt17 exhibited distinct expression patterns in ameloblast, SI, and SR cells. Our findings contribute to the elucidation of novel mechanisms underlying tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Inada
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Chiba
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tian Tian
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sae Oka
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aya Yamada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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2
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Murthy O G, Lau J, Balasubramaniam R, Frydrych AM, Kujan O. Unraveling the Keratin Expression in Oral Leukoplakia: A Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5597. [PMID: 38891785 PMCID: PMC11172080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments are one of three polymeric structures that form the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. In the epithelium, these filaments are made up of a variety of keratin proteins. Intermediate filaments complete a wide range of functions in keratinocytes, including maintaining cell structure, cell growth, cell proliferation, cell migration, and more. Given that these functions are intimately associated with the carcinogenic process, and that hyperkeratinization is a quintessential feature of oral leukoplakias, the utility of keratins in oral leukoplakia is yet to be fully explored. This scoping review aims to outline the current knowledge founded on original studies on human tissues regarding the expression and utility of keratins as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in oral leukoplakias. After using a search strategy developed for several scientific databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and OVID, 42 papers met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. One more article was added when it was identified through manually searching the list of references. The included papers were published between 1989 and 2024. Keratins 1-20 were investigated in the 43 included studies, and their expression was assessed in oral leukoplakia and dysplasia cases. Only five studies investigated the prognostic role of keratins in relation to malignant transformation. No studies evaluated keratins as a diagnostic adjunct or predictive tool. Evidence supports the idea that dysplasia disrupts the terminal differentiation pathway of primary keratins. Gain of keratin 17 expression and loss of keratin 13 were significantly observed in differentiated epithelial dysplasia. Also, the keratin 19 extension into suprabasal cells has been associated with the evolving features of dysplasia. The loss of keratin1/keratin 10 has been significantly associated with high-grade dysplasia. The prognostic value of cytokeratins has shown conflicting results, and further studies are required to ascertain their role in predicting the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (G.M.O.); (J.L.); (R.B.); (A.M.F.)
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3
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Pawlicka M, Gumbarewicz E, Błaszczak E, Stepulak A. Transcription Factors and Markers Related to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Their Role in Resistance to Therapies in Head and Neck Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1354. [PMID: 38611032 PMCID: PMC11010970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are heterogeneous and aggressive tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract. Although various histological types exist, the most common is squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The incidence of HNSCC is increasing, making it an important public health concern. Tumor resistance to contemporary treatments, namely, chemo- and radiotherapy, and the recurrence of the primary tumor after its surgical removal cause huge problems for patients. Despite recent improvements in these treatments, the 5-year survival rate is still relatively low. HNSCCs may develop local lymph node metastases and, in the most advanced cases, also distant metastases. A key process associated with tumor progression and metastasis is epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), when poorly motile epithelial tumor cells acquire motile mesenchymal characteristics. These transition cells can invade different adjacent tissues and finally form metastases. EMT is governed by various transcription factors, including the best-characterized TWIST1 and TWIST2, SNAIL, SLUG, ZEB1, and ZEB2. Here, we highlight the current knowledge of the process of EMT in HNSCC and present the main protein markers associated with it. This review focuses on the transcription factors related to EMT and emphasizes their role in the resistance of HNSCC to current chemo- and radiotherapies. Understanding the role of EMT and the precise molecular mechanisms involved in this process may help with the development of novel anti-cancer therapies for this type of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.); (E.G.); (E.B.)
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4
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Wils LJ, Poell JB, Peferoen LAN, Evren I, Brouns ER, de Visscher JGAM, van der Meij EH, Brakenhoff RH, Bloemena E. The role of differentiated dysplasia in the prediction of malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia. J Oral Pathol Med 2023; 52:930-938. [PMID: 37749621 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral leukoplakia is the most common oral potentially malignant disorder. Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia occurs at an annual rate of 1%-7%. WHO-defined classic epithelial dysplasia is an important predictor of malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia, but we have previously shown in a proof of concept study that prediction improves by incorporation of an architectural pattern of dysplasia, also coined as differentiated dysplasia. We aimed to analyze this finding in a larger cohort of patients. METHOD For this retrospective study 176 oral leukoplakia patients were included. Biopsies for all patients were assessed for the presence of dysplasia and analyzed for cytokeratin 13 and 17 expression. Moreover, the inter-observer agreement for the diagnosis of differentiated dysplasia was determined. RESULTS In total, 33 of 176 patients developed oral squamous cell carcinoma during follow-up. Presence of classic epithelial dysplasia increased cancer risk two-fold (HR = 2.18, p = 0.026). Lesions without classic epithelial dysplasia could be further risk-stratified by the presence of differentiated dysplasia (HR = 7.36, p < 0.001). Combined classic epithelial and differentiated dysplasia imparted a seven-fold increased risk of malignant transformation (7.34, p = 0.001). Inter-observer agreement for the diagnosis of dysplasia, including differentiated dysplasia, was moderate (κ = 0.56, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION This study emphasizes the importance of the recognition of the architectural pattern of differentiated dysplasia as a separate entity for risk prediction of malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia. Presence of any pattern of dysplasia results in accurate prediction of malignant transformation risk of oral leukoplakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon J Wils
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos B Poell
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A N Peferoen
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilkay Evren
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth R Brouns
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G A M de Visscher
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H van der Meij
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bloemena
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Luo Y, Zhou LQ, Yang F, Chen JC, Chen JJ, Wang YJ. Construction and analysis of a conjunctive diagnostic model of HNSCC with random forest and artificial neural network. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6736. [PMID: 37185487 PMCID: PMC10130066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous tumor that is highly aggressive and ranks fifth among the most common cancers worldwide. Although, the researches that attempted to construct a diagnostic model were deficient in HNSCC. Currently, the gold standard for diagnosing head and neck tumors is pathology, but this requires a traumatic biopsy. There is still a lack of a noninvasive test for such a high-incidence tumor. In order to screen genetic markers and construct diagnostic model, the methods of random forest (RF) and artificial neural network (ANN) were utilized. The data of HNSCC gene expression was accessed from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database; we selected three datasets totally, and we combined 2 datasets (GSE6631 and GSE55547) for screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and chose another dataset (GSE13399) for validation. Firstly, the 6 DEGs (CRISP3, SPINK5, KRT4, MMP1, MAL, SPP1) were screened by RF. Subsequently, ANN was applied to calculate the weights of 6 genes. Besides, we created a diagnostic model and nominated it as neuralHNSCC, and the performance of neuralHNSCC by area under curve (AUC) was verified using another dataset. Our model achieved an AUC of 0.998 in the training cohort, and 0.734 in the validation cohort. Furthermore, we used the Cell-type Identification using Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithm to investigate the difference in immune cell infiltration between HNSCC and normal tissues initially. The selected 6 DEGs and the constructed novel diagnostic model of HNSCC would make contributions to the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Liu-Qing Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jing-Cai Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jian-Jun Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yan-Jun Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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6
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A Kaleidoscope of Keratin Gene Expression and the Mosaic of Its Regulatory Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065603. [PMID: 36982676 PMCID: PMC10052683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratins are a family of intermediate filament-forming proteins highly specific to epithelial cells. A combination of expressed keratin genes is a defining property of the epithelium belonging to a certain type, organ/tissue, cell differentiation potential, and at normal or pathological conditions. In a variety of processes such as differentiation and maturation, as well as during acute or chronic injury and malignant transformation, keratin expression undergoes switching: an initial keratin profile changes accordingly to changed cell functions and location within a tissue as well as other parameters of cellular phenotype and physiology. Tight control of keratin expression implies the presence of complex regulatory landscapes within the keratin gene loci. Here, we highlight patterns of keratin expression in different biological conditions and summarize disparate data on mechanisms controlling keratin expression at the level of genomic regulatory elements, transcription factors (TFs), and chromatin spatial structure.
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7
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Lennartz M, Ullmann VS, Gorbokon N, Uhlig R, Rico SD, Kind S, Reiswich V, Viehweger F, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Bernreuther C, Büscheck F, Putri D, Clauditz TS, Fraune C, Hinsch A, Jacobsen F, Krech T, Lebock P, Steurer S, Burandt E, Minner S, Marx AH, Simon R, Sauter G, Menz A. Cytokeratin 13 (CK13) expression in cancer: a tissue microarray study on 10,439 tumors. APMIS 2023; 131:77-91. [PMID: 36269681 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cytokeratin 13 (CK13) is a type I acidic low molecular weight cytokeratin, which is mainly expressed in urothelium and in the squamous epithelium of various sites of origin. Loss of CK13 has been implicated in the development and progression of squamous epithelial neoplasms. To comprehensively determine CK13 expression in normal and neoplastic tissues, a tissue microarray containing 10,439 samples from 131 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. CK13 immunostaining was detectable in 42 (32.1%) of the 131 tumor categories including 24 (18.3%) tumor types with at least one strongly positive case. The highest rate of positive staining was found in various urothelial neoplasms (52.1-92.3%) including Brenner tumor of the ovary (86.8%) and in squamous cell carcinomas from various sites of origin (39.1-77.6%), Warthin tumors of parotid glands (66.7%), adenosquamous carcinomas of the cervix (33.3%), thymomas (16.0%), and endometroid carcinomas of the ovary (15.3%). Twenty other epithelial or germ cell neoplasms showed - a usually weak - CK13 positivity in less than 15% of the cases. In bladder cancer, reduced CK13 expression was linked to high grade and advanced stage (p < 0.0001 each). In squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, reduced CK13 immunostaining was related to high grade (p = 0.0295) and shortened recurrence-free (p = 0.0094) and overall survival (p = 0.0274). In a combined analysis of 1,151 squamous cell carcinomas from 11 different sites of origin, reduced CK13 staining was linked to high grade (p = 0.0050). Our data provide a comprehensive overview on CK13 expression in normal and neoplastic human tissues. CK13 expression predominates in urothelial neoplasms and in squamous cell carcinomas of different organs, and a loss of CK13 expression is associated with aggressive disease in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Verena Sofia Ullmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Devita Putri
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebock
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Boricic N, Boricic I, Soldatovic I, Milovanovic J, Trivic A, Terzic T. Utility of CK8, CK10, CK13, and CK17 in Differential Diagnostics of Benign Lesions, Laryngeal Dysplasia, and Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123203. [PMID: 36553210 PMCID: PMC9777365 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no reliable immunohistochemical markers for diagnosing laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or diagnosing and grading laryngeal dysplasia. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of CK8, CK10, CK13, and CK17 in benign laryngeal lesions, laryngeal dysplasia, and laryngeal SCC. This retrospective study included 151 patients diagnosed with laryngeal papilloma, laryngeal polyps, laryngeal dysplasia, and laryngeal SCC who underwent surgical treatment between 2010 and 2020. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was carried out using specific monoclonal antibodies against CK8, CK10, CK13, and CK17. Two experienced pathologists performed semi-quantitative scoring of IHC positivity. The diagnostic significance of the markers was analyzed. CK13 showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 82.5% for distinguishing between laryngeal SCC and laryngeal dysplasia and benign lesions. CK17 showed a sensitivity of 78.3% and specificity of 57.1% for the detection of laryngeal SCC vs. laryngeal dysplasia. CK10 showed a sensitivity of 80.0% for discriminating between low-grade and high-grade dysplasia, and a specificity of 61.1%. Loss of CK13 expression is a reliable diagnostic tool for diagnosing laryngeal lesions with malignant potential and determining resection lines. In lesions with diminished CK13 expression, CK17 could be used as an auxiliary immunohistochemical marker in diagnosing laryngeal SCC. In CK13-negative and CK17-positive lesions, CK10 positivity could be used to determine low-grade dysplasia. CK8 is not a useful IHC marker in differentiating between benign laryngeal lesions, laryngeal dysplasia, and laryngeal SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novica Boricic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan Boricic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Soldatovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovica Milovanovic
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Centre Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Trivic
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Centre Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Terzic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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9
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de Lanna CA, da Silva BNM, de Melo AC, Bonamino MH, Alves LDB, Pinto LFR, Cardoso AS, Antunes HS, Boroni M, Cohen Goldemberg D. Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma share key oncogenic signatures. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20645. [PMID: 36450755 PMCID: PMC9712651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate similarities in the gene profile of Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma that may justify a carcinogenic potential, we analyzed the gene expression signatures of Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in early and advanced stages. Based on gene expression data from public databases, we used a bioinformatics approach to compare expression profiles, estimate immune infiltrate composition, identify differentially and co-expressed genes, and propose putative therapeutic targets and associated drugs. Our results revealed gene expression patterns related to processes of keratinization, keratinocyte differentiation, cell proliferation and immune response in common between Oral Lichen Planus and early and advanced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, with the cornified envelope formation and antigen processing cross-presentation pathways in common between Oral Lichen Planus and early Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Together, these results reveal that key tumor suppressors and oncogenes such as PI3, SPRR1B and KRT17, as well as genes associated with different immune processes such as CXCL13, HIF1A and IL1B are dysregulated in OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóvão Antunes de Lanna
- grid.419166.dLaboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, 20231-050 Brazil
| | - Beatriz Nascimento Monteiro da Silva
- grid.419166.dDivision of Clinical Research and Technological Development of the National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Andreia Cristina de Melo
- grid.419166.dDivision of Clinical Research and Technological Development of the National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Martín H. Bonamino
- grid.419166.dImmunology and Tumor Biology Program-Research Coordination, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ,grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Presidency of Research and Biological Collections (VPPCB), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lísia Daltro Borges Alves
- grid.419166.dDivision of Clinical Research and Technological Development of the National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- grid.419166.dMolecular Carcinogenesis Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Abel Silveira Cardoso
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XDepartment of Oral Pathology and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Héliton Spíndola Antunes
- grid.419166.dDivision of Clinical Research and Technological Development of the National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Mariana Boroni
- grid.419166.dLaboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, 20231-050 Brazil ,grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Daniel Cohen Goldemberg
- grid.419166.dDivision of Clinical Research and Technological Development of the National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG)-Head and Neck, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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10
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George IA, Sathe G, Ghose V, Chougule A, Chandrani P, Patil V, Noronha V, Venkataramanan R, Limaye S, Pandey A, Prabhash K, Kumar P. Integrated proteomics and phosphoproteomics revealed druggable kinases in neoadjuvant chemotherapy resistant tongue cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:957983. [PMID: 36393868 PMCID: PMC9651967 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.957983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma is an aggressive oral cancer with a high incidence of metastasis and poor prognosis. Most of the oral cavity cancer patients present in clinics with locally advanced unresectable tumors. Neoadjuvant treatment is beneficial for these individuals as it reduces the tumor size aiding complete resection. However, patients develop therapy resistance to the drug regimen. In this study, we explored the differential expression of proteins and altered phosphorylation in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy resistant tongue cancer patients. We integrated the proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiles of resistant (n = 4) and sensitive cohorts (n = 4) and demonstrated the differential expression and phosphorylation of proteins in the primary tissue of the respective subject groups. We observed differential and extensive phosphorylation of keratins such as KRT10 and KRT1 between the two cohorts. Furthermore, our study revealed a kinase signature associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy resistance. Kinases such as MAPK1, AKT1, and MAPK3 are predicted to regulate the resistance in non-responders. Pathway analysis showed enrichment of Rho GTPase signaling and hyperphosphosphorylation of proteins involved in cell motility, invasion, and drug resistance. Targeting the kinases could help with the clinical management of neoadjuvant chemotherapy-resistant tongue cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene A. George
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Gajanan Sathe
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Ghose
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sewanti Limaye
- Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Centre for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
- Karkinos Healthcare Pvt Ltd., Mumbai, India
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11
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Errazquin R, Page A, Suñol A, Segrelles C, Carrasco E, Peral J, Garrido-Aranda A, Del Marro S, Ortiz J, Lorz C, Minguillon J, Surralles J, Belendez C, Alvarez M, Balmaña J, Bravo A, Ramirez A, Garcia-Escudero R. Development of a mouse model for spontaneous oral squamous cell carcinoma in Fanconi anemia. Oral Oncol 2022; 134:106184. [PMID: 36191479 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) patients frequently develop oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This cancer in FA patients is diagnosed within the first 3-4 decades of life, very often preceded by lesions that suffer a malignant transformation. In addition, they respond poorly to current treatments due to toxicity or multiple recurrences. Translational research on new chemopreventive agents and therapeutic strategies has been unsuccessful partly due to scarcity of disease models or failure to fully reproduce the disease. Here we report that Fanca gene knockout mice (Fanca-/-) frequently display pre-malignant lesions in the oral cavity. Moreover, when these animals were crossed with animals having conditional deletion of Trp53 gene in oral mucosa (K14cre;Trp53F2-10/F2-10), they spontaneously developed OSCC with high penetrance and a median latency of less than ten months. Tumors were well differentiated and expressed markers of squamous differentiation, such as keratins K5 and K10. In conclusion, Fanca and Trp53 genes cooperate to suppress oral cancer in mice, and Fanca-/-;K14cre;Trp53F2-10/F2-10 mice constitute the first animal model of spontaneous OSCC in FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Errazquin
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angustias Page
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Suñol
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group and Medical Oncology Department, VHIO, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Segrelles
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Carrasco
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group and Medical Oncology Department, VHIO, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Peral
- Biomedical Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Del Marro
- Biomedical Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Ortiz
- Biomedical Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Corina Lorz
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Minguillon
- Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB-Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Surralles
- Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB-Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Belendez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (CIMES), Malaga, Spain
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group and Medical Oncology Department, VHIO, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Bravo
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Pathology Phenotyping of Genetically Engineered Mice, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Angel Ramirez
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Garcia-Escudero
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Riedl JA, Riddle M, Xia L, Eide C, Boull C, Ebens CL, Tolar J. Interrogation of RDEB Epidermal Allografts after BMT Reveals Coexpression of Collagen VII and Keratin 15 with Proinflammatory Immune Cells and Fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2424-2434. [PMID: 35304249 PMCID: PMC9391265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a devastating genodermatosis characterized by dysfunctional collagen VII protein resulting in epithelial blistering of the skin, mucosa, and gastrointestinal tract. There is no cure for RDEB, but improvement of clinical phenotype has been achieved with bone marrow transplantation and subsequent epidermal allografting from the bone marrow transplant donor. Epidermal allografting of these patients has decreased wound surface area for up to 3 years after treatment. This study aimed to determine the phenotype of the epidermal allograft cells responsible for durable persistence of wound healing and skin integrity. We found that epidermal allografts provide basal keratinocytes coexpressing collagen VII and basal stem cell marker keratin 15. Characterization of RDEB full-thickness skin biopsies with single-cell RNA sequencing uncovered proinflammatory immune and fibroblast phenotypes potentially driven by the local environment of RDEB skin. This is further highlighted by the presence of a myofibroblast population, which has not been described in healthy control human skin. Finally, we found inflammatory fibroblasts expressing profibrotic gene POSTN, which may have implications in the development of squamous cell carcinoma, a common, lethal complication of RDEB that lacks curative treatment. In conclusion, this study provides insights into and targets for future RDEB studies and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Riedl
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MD/PhD), Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Stem Cell Institute, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Megan Riddle
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lily Xia
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cindy Eide
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christina Boull
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christen L Ebens
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Stem Cell Institute, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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13
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Wang L, Ma X, Yu J, Lou Y. Negative regulation of miR-1288-3p/KRT4 axis through a circular RNA in oral cancer. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23118. [PMID: 35707935 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) has been widely reported to be involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), while the way in which hsa_circ_0096042 affects OSCC remains unclear. The hsa_circ_0096042, miR-1288-3p, and KRT4 expression in OSCC tissues and cell lines were detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Based on the overexpression of hsa_circ_0096042, miR-1288-3p, or KRT4, the viability and proliferation of OSCC cells were analyzed by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assay, and the protein levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by western blot, and the growth of cancer cells in vivo was analyzed by xenograft experiment. In addition, the database was used to predict the binding of hsa_circ_0096042, miR-1288-3p, and KRT4, and the interaction was confirmed by luciferase, RIP, and RNA pull-down assay. Hsa_circ_0096042 and KRT4 were abnormally downregulated and miR-1288-3p was upregulated in OSCC. Hsa_circ_0096042 overexpression restrained the proliferation and viability of OSCC cells, facilitated apoptosis, and inhibited the growth of cancer cells in vivo. Hsa_circ_0096042 bound to miR-1288-3p, whose upregulation promoted OSCC progression and eliminated the effects of overexpression of hsa_circ_0096042 on OSCC cells. KRT4 was the target gene for miR-1288-3p. Hsa_circ_0096042 plays an antitumor role in OSCC via miR-1288-3p/KRT4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of stomatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of stomatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of stomatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Lou
- Department of stomatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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14
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Barrett's Metaplasia Progression towards Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: An Attempt to Select a Panel of Molecular Sensors and to Reflect Clinical Alterations by Experimental Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063312. [PMID: 35328735 PMCID: PMC8955539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular processes that predispose the development of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) towards esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) induced by gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) are still under investigation. In this study, based on a scientific literature screening and an analysis of clinical datasets, we selected a panel of 20 genes covering BE- and EAC-specific molecular markers (FZD5, IFNGR1, IL1A, IL1B, IL1R1, IL1RN, KRT4, KRT8, KRT15, KRT18, NFKBIL1, PTGS1, PTGS2, SOCS3, SOX4, SOX9, SOX15, TIMP1, TMEM2, TNFRSF10B). Furthermore, we aimed to reflect these alterations within an experimental and translational in vitro model of BE to EAC progression. We performed a comparison between expression profiles in GSE clinical databases with an in vitro model of GERD involving a BE cell line (BAR-T) and EAC cell lines (OE33 and OE19). Molecular responses of cells treated with acidified bile mixture (BM) at concentration of 100 and 250 μM for 30 min per day were evaluated. We also determined a basal mRNA expression within untreated, wild type cell lines on subsequent stages of BE and EAC development. We observed that an appropriately optimized in vitro model based on the combination of BAR-T, OE33 and OE19 cell lines reflects in 65% and more the clinical molecular alterations observed during BE and EAC development. We also confirmed previous observations that exposure to BM (GERD in vitro) activated carcinogenesis in non-dysplastic cells, inducing molecular alternations in the advanced stages of BE. We conclude that it is possible to induce, to a high extent, the molecular profile observed clinically within appropriately and carefully optimized experimental models, triggering EAC development. This experimental scheme and molecular marker panel might be implemented in further research, e.g., aiming to develop and evaluate novel compounds and prodrugs targeting GERD as well as BE and EAC prevention and treatment.
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15
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Utility of Keratins as Biomarkers for Human Oral Precancer and Cancer. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030343. [PMID: 35330094 PMCID: PMC8950203 DOI: 10.3390/life12030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oral cancer is the single largest group of malignancies in the Indian subcontinent and the sixth largest group of malignancies worldwide. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are the most common epithelial malignancy of the oral cavity, constituting over 90% of oral cancers. About 90% of OSCCs arise from pre-existing, potentially malignant lesions. According to WHO, OSCC has a 5-year survival rate of 45–60%. Late diagnosis, recurrence, and regional or lymph nodal metastases could be the main causes of the high mortality rates. Biomarkers may help categorize and predict premalignant lesions as high risk of developing malignancy, local recurrence, and lymph nodal metastasis. However, at present, there is a dearth of such markers, and this is an area of ongoing research. Keratins (K) or cytokeratins are a group of intermediate filament proteins that show paired and differentiation dependent expression. Our laboratory and others have shown consistent alterations in the expression patterns of keratins in both oral precancerous lesions and tumors. The correlation of these changes with clinicopathological parameters has also been demonstrated. Furthermore, the functional significance of aberrant keratins 8/18 expression in the malignant transformation and progression of oral tumors has also been documented. This article reviews the literature that emphasizes the value of keratins as biomarkers for the prognostication of human oral precancers and cancers.
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16
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Alijaj N, Pavlovic B, Martel P, Rakauskas A, Cesson V, Saba K, Hermanns T, Oechslin P, Veit M, Provenzano M, Rüschoff JH, Brada MD, Rupp NJ, Poyet C, Derré L, Valerio M, Banzola I, Eberli D. Identification of Urine Biomarkers to Improve Eligibility for Prostate Biopsy and Detect High-Grade Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051135. [PMID: 35267445 PMCID: PMC8909910 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The screening of prostate cancer (PCa), based on the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), is characterized by a high number of false positives, leading to overdiagnosis of healthy men and overtreatment of indolent PCa. This clinical problem severely affects the quality of life of patients, who would benefit from more specific risk stratification models. By performing a mass spectrometry (MS) screening on urine samples collected prior to prostate biopsy, we identified novel biomarkers and validated them by ELISA. Here, we show that an upfront urine test, based on quantitative biomarkers and patient age, has a higher performance compared to PSA (AUC = 0.6020) and is a feasible method to improve the eligibility criteria for prostate biopsy, to detect healthy men (AUC = 0.8196) and clinically significant PCa, thereby reducing the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies. Abstract PCa screening is based on the measurements of the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) to select men with higher risks for tumors and, thus, eligible for prostate biopsy. However, PSA testing has a low specificity, leading to unnecessary biopsies in 50–75% of cases. Therefore, more specific screening opportunities are needed to reduce the number of biopsies performed on healthy men and patients with indolent tumors. Urine samples from 45 patients with elevated PSA were collected prior to prostate biopsy, a mass spectrometry (MS) screening was performed to identify novel biomarkers and the best candidates were validated by ELISA. The urine quantification of PEDF, HPX, CD99, CANX, FCER2, HRNR, and KRT13 showed superior performance compared to PSA. Additionally, the combination of two biomarkers and patient age resulted in an AUC of 0.8196 (PSA = 0.6020) and 0.7801 (PSA = 0.5690) in detecting healthy men and high-grade PCa, respectively. In this study, we identified and validated novel urine biomarkers for the screening of PCa, showing that an upfront urine test, based on quantitative biomarkers and patient age, is a feasible method to reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies and detect both healthy men and clinically significant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagjie Alijaj
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich and University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland; (N.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Blaz Pavlovic
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich and University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland; (N.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Paul Martel
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (P.M.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (L.D.); (M.V.)
| | - Arnas Rakauskas
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (P.M.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (L.D.); (M.V.)
| | - Valérie Cesson
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (P.M.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (L.D.); (M.V.)
| | - Karim Saba
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (K.S.); (T.H.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (D.E.)
| | - Thomas Hermanns
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (K.S.); (T.H.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (D.E.)
| | - Pascal Oechslin
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (K.S.); (T.H.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (D.E.)
| | - Markus Veit
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (K.S.); (T.H.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (D.E.)
| | - Maurizio Provenzano
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (K.S.); (T.H.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (D.E.)
| | - Jan H. Rüschoff
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.H.R.); (M.D.B.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Muriel D. Brada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.H.R.); (M.D.B.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Niels J. Rupp
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.H.R.); (M.D.B.); (N.J.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Poyet
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (K.S.); (T.H.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (D.E.)
| | - Laurent Derré
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (P.M.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (L.D.); (M.V.)
| | - Massimo Valerio
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (P.M.); (A.R.); (V.C.); (L.D.); (M.V.)
| | - Irina Banzola
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich and University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland; (N.A.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41762503737
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (K.S.); (T.H.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (D.E.)
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17
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Sarode G, Sarode SC, Sharma NK. Phenotypic reflection of white sponge nevus in histomorphological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2022; 125:105707. [PMID: 35007880 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, India.
| | - Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra 411033, India
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18
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Diagnostic Value of Cytokeratin 17 during Oral Carcinogenesis: An Immunohistochemical Study. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:4089549. [PMID: 34853592 PMCID: PMC8629611 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4089549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the role of cytokeratin 17 (CK17) during oral carcinogenesis. CK17 expression in oral leukoplakia (OL), the most encountered oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), remains very limited. To determine the role of CK17 during oral carcinogenesis and its potential diagnostic marker in oral premalignant and malignant lesions, this study evaluated CK17 expression in OL without dysplasia, OL with dysplasia, and OSCC. CK17 expression in these tissues was compared with those of normal oral mucosa (NOM). Additionally, the relationship between CK17 expression and clinicopathologic factors of OSCC was investigated. Methods CK17 expression was evaluated in 186 samples consisting of 12 NOM, 33 OL without dysplasia, 58 OL with dysplasia, and 83 OSCC using immunohistochemistry. The proportion of positively immunostained cells was evaluated and scored. Results CK17 was expressed in 8.3%, 54.5%, 74.1%, and 90.4% of NOM, OL without dysplasia, OL with dysplasia, and OSCC, respectively. NOM had a significantly lower CK17 score than OL with dysplasia (p=0.0003) and OSCC (p < 0.0001). A significant association between CK17 expression and histopathologic differentiation of OSCC was found. Tumors with well differentiation had high CK17 expression compared with those of moderate and poor differentiation. Conclusion CK17 was overexpressed in OL with dysplasia and OSCC, suggesting that CK17 plays a pivotal role in the development of premalignant lesions and OSCC. Of clinical significance, CK17 may be a good diagnostic marker for oral premalignant lesions and OSCC. Additionally, CK17 could be used as an objective tool to classify histopathologic grade in OSCC. The findings that CK17 expression is high in OSCC but low in NOM imply that CK17 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for OSCC.
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19
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Pandey S, Søland TM, Bjerkli IH, Sand LP, Petersen FC, Costea DE, Senguven B, Sapkota D. Combined loss of expression of involucrin and cytokeratin 13 is associated with poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of mobile tongue. Head Neck 2021; 43:3374-3385. [PMID: 34338386 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of expression levels of involucrin (IVL), cytokeratin (CK)-10 and -13 at different intratumor sites (tumor center and invading area) of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). METHODS IVL, CK13 and CK10 expression levels were examined in a multicenter cohort of 146 OTSCCs using immunohistochemistry. External mRNA datasets were used for expression analysis and/or to validate survival associations. RESULTS External transcriptomic datasets showed downregulation of IVL and KRT13 in oral malignancies including OTSCC as compared to normal controls. The combined loss of IVL and CK13 expression at the invading core but not at the center core was significantly associated with poor differentiation and reduced 5-year overall survival. Multivariate Cox analysis confirmed the loss of CK13 and IVL expression to be an independent prognostic factor. Transcriptomic dataset corroborated immunohistochemistry results. CONCLUSIONS Combined expression levlels of IVL and CK13 might be useful as prognostic biomarkers in OTSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Pandey
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tine Merete Søland
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Heidi Bjerkli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Tromsø Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Peter Sand
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Daniela Elena Costea
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Burcu Senguven
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dipak Sapkota
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Zhao Y, Huang J, Chen J. The integration of differentially expressed genes based on multiple microarray datasets for prediction of the prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:3309-3321. [PMID: 34224327 PMCID: PMC8806768 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1947076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common human malignancy. However, its pathogenesis and prognostic information are poorly elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to probe the most significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their prognostic performance in OSCC. Multiple microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were aggregated to identify DEGs between OSCC tissue and control tissue. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox model was constructed to determine the prognostic performance of the aggregated DEGs based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) OSCC cohort. Ten datasets with 341 OSCC samples and 283 control samples were included. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment revealed that the integrated DEGs were enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway, viral protein interactions with cytokines and cytokine receptors, and amoebiasis, among others. Our LASSO Cox model was able to discriminate two groups with different overall survival in the training cohort and test cohort (p < 0.001). The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) values at one year, three years, and five years were 0.831, 0.898, and 0.887, respectively. In the testing cohort, the time-dependent ROC curve showed that the AUC values at one year, three years, and five years were 0.696, 0.693, and 0.860, respectively. Our study showed that the integrated DEGs of OSCC might be applicable in the evaluation of prognosis in OSCC. However, further research should be performed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuan Zhao
- Stomatological School of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianzhi Chen
- Stomatological School of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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21
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Saleem S, Aleem I, Atiq A, Tariq S, Babar A, Bakar MA, Syed M, Maruf M, Mahmood MT, Zeshan M, Tahseen M, Hussain R, Loya A, Sutton C. Expression of cornulin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Ecancermedicalscience 2021; 15:1197. [PMID: 33889206 PMCID: PMC8043688 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.1197;] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to identify cornulin (CRNN) protein expression associated with advancement of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). A comparison of addictive (containing potential carcinogens) versus non-addiction causative agents was expected to allow detection of differences in CRNN expression associated with TSCC. Bespoke tissue microarrays (TMAs) were prepared and immunohistochemistry (IHC) performed to determine the changes in CRNN expression in epithelial cells of node-negative (pN-), node-positive (pN+) TSCC and non-cancer patients' oral tissues. TMAs were validated by performing IHC on whole diagnostic tissues. Chi-square test or Fisher's-exact tests were used to establish significant expression differences. Analogous analyses were performed for biomarkers previously associated with TSCC, namely collagen I alpha 2 (COL1A2) and decorin (DCN) to compare the significance of CRNN. Keratinisation and its level (low, extensive) were studied in relation to CRNN so that the extent of squamous differentiation could better be assessed. IHC immunoreactive score (IRS) clustered the patients based on weak/moderate (Low (IRS ≤ +3)) or strong (High (IRS ≥ +4)) expression groups. A low expression was observed in a larger number of patients in control proteins COL1A2 (77.3%), DCN (87.5%) and target protein CRNN (52.3%), respectively. Low CRNN expression was observed in TSCC where nodes were involved (pN+: mean 1.4 ± 2.1) (p = 0.248). Keratinisation (%) was low (0% ≤ 50%) in 42.2% and extensive (1% ≥ 50.0%) in 57.8% patients. In conclusion, our study suggested that Low CRNN expression was associated with grade and lymph node metastasis in TSCC. CRNN expression is independent of addiction, however potentially carcinogenic addictive substances might be aiding in the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Saleem
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Iffat Aleem
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aribah Atiq
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sahrish Tariq
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Babar
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakar
- Cancer Registry and Clinical Data Management, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Syed
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Maheen Maruf
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeshan
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahseen
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Raza Hussain
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asif Loya
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Chris Sutton
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Tumbling Hill Street Bradford, BD7 1BD, United Kingdom
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22
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Saleem S, Aleem I, Atiq A, Tariq S, Babar A, Bakar MA, Syed M, Maruf M, Mahmood MT, Zeshan M, Tahseen M, Hussain R, Loya A, Sutton C. Expression of cornulin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Ecancermedicalscience 2021; 15:1197. [PMID: 33889206 PMCID: PMC8043688 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to identify cornulin (CRNN) protein expression associated with advancement of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). A comparison of addictive (containing potential carcinogens) versus non-addiction causative agents was expected to allow detection of differences in CRNN expression associated with TSCC. Bespoke tissue microarrays (TMAs) were prepared and immunohistochemistry (IHC) performed to determine the changes in CRNN expression in epithelial cells of node-negative (pN-), node-positive (pN+) TSCC and non-cancer patients’ oral tissues. TMAs were validated by performing IHC on whole diagnostic tissues. Chi-square test or Fisher’s-exact tests were used to establish significant expression differences. Analogous analyses were performed for biomarkers previously associated with TSCC, namely collagen I alpha 2 (COL1A2) and decorin (DCN) to compare the significance of CRNN. Keratinisation and its level (low, extensive) were studied in relation to CRNN so that the extent of squamous differentiation could better be assessed. IHC immunoreactive score (IRS) clustered the patients based on weak/moderate (Low (IRS ≤ +3)) or strong (High (IRS ≥ +4)) expression groups. A low expression was observed in a larger number of patients in control proteins COL1A2 (77.3%), DCN (87.5%) and target protein CRNN (52.3%), respectively. Low CRNN expression was observed in TSCC where nodes were involved (pN+: mean 1.4 ± 2.1) (p = 0.248). Keratinisation (%) was low (0% ≤ 50%) in 42.2% and extensive (1% ≥ 50.0%) in 57.8% patients. In conclusion, our study suggested that Low CRNN expression was associated with grade and lymph node metastasis in TSCC. CRNN expression is independent of addiction, however potentially carcinogenic addictive substances might be aiding in the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Saleem
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Iffat Aleem
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aribah Atiq
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sahrish Tariq
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Babar
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakar
- Cancer Registry and Clinical Data Management, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Syed
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Maheen Maruf
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeshan
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahseen
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Raza Hussain
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asif Loya
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Chris Sutton
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Tumbling Hill Street Bradford, BD7 1BD, United Kingdom
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23
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Zhuang Z, Huang J, Wang W, Wang C, Yu P, Hu J, Liu H, Yin H, Hou J, Liu X. Down-Regulation of Long Non-Coding RNA TINCR Induces Cell Dedifferentiation and Predicts Progression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:624752. [PMID: 33732637 PMCID: PMC7959775 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.624752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recently long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as novel gene regulators involved in tumorigenic processes, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we identified a differentiation-related lncRNA, terminal differentiation-induced non-coding RNA (TINCR). However, its biological function and clinicopathological significance in OSCC still remain unclear. Methods The lncRNA expression profiles in OSCC tissues and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues (NATs) from 10 patients were detected by lncRNA microarrays. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and gene ontology (GO) enrichment were performed to identify the most significant module and module functional annotation, respectively. Potential differentiation-related lncRNAs were screened by differential expression analysis. TINCR was further confirmed in OSCC cell lines and tissues of another patient cohort by using qRT-PCR. The correlation between the TINCR expression level and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. The effects of TINCR on cell differentiation, migration and invasion were assessed by knockdown or knock-in in vitro and in vivo. Results WGCNA and GO enrichment analysis showed that one co-expression network was significantly enriched for epithelial cell differentiation, among which, TINCR was significantly downregulated. qRT-PCR analyses validated down-regulation of TINCR in tumor tissues compared with paired NATs, and its expression was closely correlated with pathological differentiation and lymph node metastasis in patients with OSCC. Patients with lower TINCR expression levels had worse survival. Cell function experiments showed that TINCR played a crucial role in epithelial differentiation. Both TINCR and epithelial differentiation-associated genes, including IVL and KRT4, were significantly upregulated during OSCC cell calcium-induced differentiation but were reduced when cell dedifferentiation occurred in tumor spheres. Overexpression of TINCR dramatically suppressed cell dedifferentiation, migration and invasion in vitro, while knockdown of TINCR had the opposite effects. Upregulation of TINCR significantly elevated the expression of terminal differentiation genes and repressed tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, TINCR significantly suppressed the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling in OSCC cells. Conclusion Our study suggests that TINCR functions as a tumor suppressor by inducing cell differentiation through modulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling in OSCC. TINCR may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehang Zhuang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwang Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Prothodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haichao Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanqi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Institute of Biomedine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Hou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiqiang Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Gilardi M, Wang Z, Proietto M, Chillà A, Calleja-Valera JL, Goto Y, Vanoni M, Janes MR, Mikulski Z, Gualberto A, Molinolo AA, Ferrara N, Gutkind JS, Burrows F. Tipifarnib as a Precision Therapy for HRAS-Mutant Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1784-1796. [PMID: 32727882 PMCID: PMC7484242 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tipifarnib is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (FTase). FTase catalyzes the posttranslational attachment of farnesyl groups to signaling proteins that are required for localization to cell membranes. Although all RAS isoforms are FTase substrates, only HRAS is exclusively dependent upon farnesylation, raising the possibility that HRAS-mutant tumors might be susceptible to tipifarnib-mediated inhibition of FTase. Here, we report the characterization of tipifarnib activity in a wide panel of HRAS-mutant and wild-type head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) xenograft models. Tipifarnib treatment displaced both mutant and wild-type HRAS from membranes but only inhibited proliferation, survival, and spheroid formation of HRAS-mutant cells. In vivo, tipifarnib treatment induced tumor stasis or regression in all six HRAS-mutant xenografts tested but displayed no activity in six HRAS wild-type patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Mechanistically, drug treatment resulted in the reduction of MAPK pathway signaling, inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and robust abrogation of neovascularization, apparently via effects on both tumor cells and endothelial cells. Bioinformatics and quantitative image analysis further revealed that FTase inhibition induces progressive squamous cell differentiation in tipifarnib-treated HNSCC PDXs. These preclinical findings support that HRAS represents a druggable oncogene in HNSCC through FTase inhibition by tipifarnib, thereby identifying a precision therapeutic option for HNSCCs harboring HRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Gilardi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marco Proietto
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anastasia Chillà
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Yusuke Goto
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marco Vanoni
- Dept of Biotechnology and Biosciences, and SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology, University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Corresponding authors: To whom correspondence should be addressed at: J. Silvio Gutkind, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0803, USA; Phone: 858-534-5980; and to Francis Burrows, Kura Oncology, Inc., San Diego, California.
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25
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Yao J, Cui Q, Fan W, Ma Y, Chen Y, Liu T, Zhang X, Xi Y, Wang C, Peng L, Luo Y, Lin A, Guo W, Lin L, Lin Y, Tan W, Lin D, Wu C, Wang J. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis in a mouse model deciphers cell transition states in the multistep development of esophageal cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3715. [PMID: 32709844 PMCID: PMC7381637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is prevalent in some geographical regions of the world. ESCC development presents a multistep pathogenic process from inflammation to invasive cancer; however, what is critical in these processes and how they evolve is largely unknown, obstructing early diagnosis and effective treatment. Here, we create a mouse model mimicking human ESCC development and construct a single-cell ESCC developmental atlas. We identify a set of key transitional signatures associated with oncogenic evolution of epithelial cells and depict the landmark dynamic tumorigenic trajectories. An early downregulation of CD8+ response against the initial tissue damage accompanied by the transition of immune response from type 1 to type 3 results in accumulation and activation of macrophages and neutrophils, which may create a chronic inflammatory environment that promotes carcinogen-transformed epithelial cell survival and proliferation. These findings shed light on how ESCC is initiated and developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Yao
- School of Life Sciences and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghua Cui
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Fan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Ma
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yamei Chen
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Tianyuan Liu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xiannian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyi Xi
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Linna Peng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Ai Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Guo
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, College of Engineering, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Tan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China. .,CAMS Oxford Institute (COI), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,CAMS Oxford Institute (COI), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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26
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Keratin expression in gingival tissue and primary cultured gingival keratinocytes: Are there differences? Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104780. [PMID: 32535293 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the process of primary gingival keratinocytes culture obtained from normal human gingiva modifies the expression of keratins (K) 10, K14, and K19. DESIGN Human gingival fragments were collected from healthy individuals in the same oral site. One part of the samples underwent an immunohistochemistry assay for K10, K14, and K19. The labeling in the epithelium was quantified using a semiautomated method. Another part was used for primary gingival keratinocytes isolation and growth in two-dimensional culture. These cells were also stained for K10, K14, and K19 using immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry. Positive cells were counted, and the nuclei and cytoplasmatic labeling areas were quantified. RESULTS In the gingival tissue, a higher expression was found for K14 versus K10 (p < 0.001); K19 was negative in all samples. In gingival keratinocytes culture, K14 (89.6 %) had the highest expression with significant differences in relation to K10 (76.9 %, p < 0.01) and K19 (9.9 %, p < 0.01). The cells positive for K14 exhibited larger nuclei in comparison with K10 (p < 0.05) and K19 (p < 0.05), suggesting a more undifferentiated phenotype. K19 cells showed the largest cytoplasmatic labeling in relation to K10- (p < 0.05) and K14-positive (p < 0.05) cells. CONCLUSION The process of growth in culture of gingival keratinocytes maintained the expression pattern of K10 and K14 observed in gingival tissues. However, this method induces the expression of K19, suggesting a potential transformation of the keratin network presented in the gingival keratinocytes during the formation of a monolayer in vitro. This reflects the dynamics of cell differentiation.
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Kengkarn S, Petmitr S, Boonyuen U, Reamtong O, Poomsawat S, Sanguansin S. Identification of Novel Candidate Biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Whole Gene Expression Profiling. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2315-2325. [PMID: 32468250 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the whole gene expression profiles and to ascertain potential biomarkers for 22 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among Thai patients using the Illumina Human HT-12, V4.0 Expression BeadChip array. Result indicated 2,724 differential expressed genes composed of 1,560 up-regulated and 1,164 down-regulated genes (unpaired t-test, p-value <0.05; fold change ≥2.0 and ≤2.0). The top 9 up-regulated genes were validated in 39 OSCC cases using TaqMan real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Among these, the up-regulation of peptidase inhibitor 3 (PI3) and keratin 17 (KRT17) genes was harbored in all 39 OSCC patients (100%). Likewise, statistical analysis indicated that gene expression in 8 selective genes including keratin 16 (KRT16), keratin 14 (KRT14), keratinocyte differentiation-associated protein (KRTDAP), keratin 6B (KRT6B), PI3, S100 calcium binding protein A7 (S100A7), stratifin (SFN) and keratin 5 (KRT5) was significantly associated with well differentiated OSCC (p-value <0.05). Moreover, high level of KRT17 protein was significantly associated with well differentiated OSCC compared to moderately OSCC (p-value = 0.041). Notably, using nested-PCR analysis indicated all OSCC cases in this study were HPV-free. Especially, KRTDAP, PI3, SFN mRNA expression were first reported among patients with OSCC. Conclusion, the whole transcript expression study and TaqMan real-time qRT-PCR assay were relevant regarding the increase in gene expression in OSCC. In addition, the up-regulation of PI3 and KRT17 might constitute potential candidate molecular biomarkers to diagnose patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudaporn Kengkarn
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine & Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Songsak Petmitr
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine & Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine & Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine & Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sopee Poomsawat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirima Sanguansin
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Nguyen CTK, Sawangarun W, Mandasari M, Morita KI, Harada H, Kayamori K, Yamaguchi A, Sakamoto K. AIRE is induced in oral squamous cell carcinoma and promotes cancer gene expression. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0222689. [PMID: 32012175 PMCID: PMC6996854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) is a transcriptional regulator that is primarily expressed in medullary epithelial cells, where it induces tissue-specific antigen expression. Under pathological conditions, AIRE expression is induced in epidermal cells and promotes skin tumor development. This study aimed to clarify the role of AIRE in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). AIRE expression was evaluated in six OSCC cell lines and in OSCC tissue specimens. Expression of STAT1, ICAM1, CXCL10, CXCL11, and MMP9 was elevated in 293A cells stably expressing AIRE, and conversely, was decreased in AIRE-knockout HSC3 OSCC cells when compared to the respective controls. Upregulation of STAT1, and ICAM in OSCC cells was confirmed in tissue specimens by immunohistochemistry. We provide evidence that AIRE exerts transcriptional control in cooperation with ETS1. Expression of STAT1, ICAM1, CXCL10, CXCL11, and MMP9 was increased in 293A cells upon Ets1 transfection, and coexpression of AIRE further increased the expression of these proteins. AIRE coprecipitated with ETS1 in a modified immunoprecipitation assay using formaldehyde crosslinking. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative PCR analysis revealed that promoter fragments of STAT1, ICAM1, CXCL10, and MMP9 were enriched in the AIRE precipitates. These results indicate that AIRE is induced in OSCC and supports cancer-related gene expression in cooperation with ETS1. This is a novel function of AIRE in extrathymic tissues under the pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Thi Kim Nguyen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wanlada Sawangarun
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masita Mandasari
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei-ichi Morita
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Bioresource Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Ikeda M, Shima K, Kondo T, Semba I. Atypical immunohistochemical patterns can complement the histopathological diagnosis of oral premalignant lesions. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:93-98. [PMID: 32014614 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histopathological diagnosis of oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) such as oral epithelial dysplasia (ED) and carcinoma in situ (CIS), as well as epithelial hyperplasia (EHP), is important for the early detection and precise treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, the standardization of detection and treatment by histological criteria alone remains challenging owing to the complicated and varied histology. We evaluated practically useful immunohistochemical (IHC) markers that might complement the histopathological diagnosis of OPLs. METHODS We re-evaluated the histopathological diagnoses and IHC patterns of Ki-67, TP53, CK13, and CK17 in 200 cases of OPLs and performed multiple logistic regression analyses for their predictive accuracy. RESULTS We identified and compared atypical IHC patterns in OPLs and in the normal epithelium. Ki-67 expression showed specific patterns in categorized OPLs as EHP, low-grade dysplasia (LED), high-grade dysplasia (HED), and CIS. Multiple logistic regression analyses in the quadrant categories revealed that EHP and CIS had high predictive accuracies of 90.1% and 96.2%, respectively, and in binary categories, combined EHP and LED versus combined HED and CIS showed predictive accuracies of 92.1% and 89.9%, respectively. Binominal logistic regression analysis between each quadrant category revealed satisfactory predictive accuracy of EHP vs. LED, LED vs. HED, and HED vs. CIS (75.2%, 78.9%, and 87.9%, respectively), and Ki-67 showed the highest adjusted odds ratio, followed by TP53. CONCLUSION The proposed atypical IHC patterns might serve as useful markers to supplement the morphological diagnosis of OPLs, and established IHC methods for Ki-67 and TP53 might provide stable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihito Ikeda
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kaori Shima
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kondo
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ichiro Semba
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
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Chen Y, Liao LD, Wu ZY, Yang Q, Guo JC, He JZ, Wang SH, Xu XE, Wu JY, Pan F, Lin DC, Xu LY, Li EM. Identification of key genes by integrating DNA methylation and next-generation transcriptome sequencing for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1332-1365. [PMID: 31962291 PMCID: PMC7053602 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation leads to abnormal gene expression, making it a significant regulator in the progression of cancer and leading to the requirement for integration of gene expression with DNA methylation. Here, we identified 120 genes demonstrating an inverse correlation between DNA methylation and mRNA expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Sixteen key genes, such as SIX4, CRABP2, and EHD3, were obtained by filtering 10 datasets and verified in paired ESCC samples by qRT-PCR. 5-Aza-dC as a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor could recover their expression and inhibit clonal growth of cancer cells in seven ESCC cell lines. Furthermore, 11 of the 16 genes were correlated with OS (overall survival) and DFS (disease-free survival) in 125 ESCC patients. ChIP-Seq data and WGBS data showed that DNA methylation and H3K27ac histone modification of these key genes displayed inverse trends, suggesting that there was collaboration between DNA methylation and histone modification in ESCC. Our findings illustrate that the integrated multi-omics data (transcriptome and epigenomics) can accurately obtain potential prognostic biomarkers, which may provide important insight for the effective treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- Departments of Oncology Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Cheng Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong He
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Hong Wang
- Departments of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Yi Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Feng Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - De-Chen Lin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Takashima K, Fujii S, Komatsuzaki R, Komatsu M, Takahashi M, Kojima T, Daiko H, Minashi K, Chiwaki F, Muto M, Sasaki H, Yano T. CD24 and CK4 are upregulated by SIM2, and are predictive biomarkers for chemoradiotherapy and surgery in esophageal cancer. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:835-847. [PMID: 32124945 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a less invasive therapy compared with surgery for some types of cancer; however, the 5‑year survival rate of patients with stages II‑III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is only 37%. Therefore, prediction of CRT responders is necessary. Unfortunately, no definitive biomarker exists that is useful to predict survival outcome following CRT. From our previous microarray study, CD24 and keratin 4 (KRT4), which encodes cytokeratin 4 (CK4), were overexpressed in the favorable prognostic epithelial subtype with SIM bHLH transcription factor 2 (SIM2) expression. This study investigated the association between their mRNA and protein expression levels, and clinicopathological characteristics, and also investigated the functions of CD24 in SIM2‑mediated tumor differentiation and CRT sensitivity. High CD24 and KRT4 mRNA expression was associated with a favorable prognosis following CRT. Multivariate analyses revealed that high CD24 and CK4 protein expression, as determined by immunohistochemistry, and differentiated type were independent factors for predicting a favorable prognosis in response to CRT. Notably, in cases with low CD24 or CK4, surgery was suggested to be a good therapeutic modality compared with CRT. CD24 and KRT4 were expressed preferentially in differentiated layers of the normal esophageal mucosa, and their mRNA expression in 3D cultured ESCC cells was induced by SIM2 transfection, thus suggesting that CD24 and KRT4 were downstream differentiation markers of SIM2. Furthermore, CD24 small interfering RNA increased the mRNA expression levels of superoxide dismutase 2 and enhanced H2O2 resistance, thus indicating the involvement of CD24 in the radiosensitivity of patients with ESCC; however, it had no effect on cisplatin sensitivity. In conclusion, the two markers CD24 and CK4 may be considered predictive biomarkers for definitive CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277‑8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Department of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Kashiwa, Chiba 277‑8577, Japan
| | - Rie Komatsuzaki
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104‑0045, Japan
| | - Masayuki Komatsu
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104‑0045, Japan
| | - Mari Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277‑8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277‑8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daiko
- Department of Esophageal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277‑8577, Japan
| | - Keiko Minashi
- Department of Clinical Trial Promotion, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba 260‑8717, Japan
| | - Fumiko Chiwaki
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104‑0045, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606‑8507, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasaki
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104‑0045, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277‑8577, Japan
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Roh V, Hiou-Feige A, Misetic V, Rivals JP, Sponarova J, Teh MT, Ferreira Lopes S, Truan Z, Mermod M, Monnier Y, Hess J, Tolstonog GV, Simon C. The transcription factor FOXM1 regulates the balance between proliferation and aberrant differentiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Pathol 2019; 250:107-119. [PMID: 31465124 DOI: 10.1002/path.5342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sustained expression of FOXM1 is a hallmark of nearly all human cancers including squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC). HNSCCs partially preserve the epithelial differentiation program, which recapitulates fetal and adult traits of the tissue of tumor origin but is deregulated by genetic alterations and tumor-supporting pathways. Using shRNA-mediated knockdown, we demonstrate a minimal impact of FOXM1 on proliferation and migration of HNSCC cell lines under standard cell culture conditions. However, FOXM1 knockdown in three-dimensional (3D) culture and xenograft tumor models resulted in reduced proliferation, decreased invasion, and a more differentiated-like phenotype, indicating a context-dependent modulation of FOXM1 activity in HNSCC cells. By ectopic overexpression of FOXM1 in HNSCC cell lines, we demonstrate a reduced expression of cutaneous-type keratin K1 and involucrin as a marker of squamous differentiation, supporting the role of FOXM1 in modulation of aberrant differentiation in HNSCC. Thus, our data provide a strong rationale for targeting FOXM1 in HNSCC. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Roh
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Agnès Hiou-Feige
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vinko Misetic
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Rivals
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jana Sponarova
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Muy-Teck Teh
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Ferreira Lopes
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zinnia Truan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Mermod
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yan Monnier
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Hess
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital and Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Genrich V Tolstonog
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Simon
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Corneal keratin aggresome (CKAGG) formation and clearance by proteasome activation. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01012. [PMID: 30619956 PMCID: PMC6313837 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To understand the mechanism of corneal keratin expression and clearance in corneal epithelium with Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency (LSCD). The hypothesis is that LSCD-induced proteasome dysfunction is a contributing factor to keratin aggregation, causing corneal keratin aggresome (CKAGG) formation. Method LSCD was surgically induced in rabbit corneas. LSCD corneal epithelial cells (D-CEC) were collected to investigate keratin K4 and K13 expression and CKAGG formation. Oral mucosal epithelial cells (OMECS) were isolated and cultured to study K4 and K13 expression. Cultured cells were treated with proteasome inhibitor to induce CKAGG formation. Results K4 and K13 were strongly expressed in D-CEC, with additional higher molecular weight bands of K4 and K13, suggesting CKAGG formation. Double staining of K4/K13 and ubiquitin showed co-localization of these keratins with ubiquitin in D-CEC. Proteasome inhibition also showed K4/K13 modification and accumulation in cultured OMECS, similar to D-CEC. Proteasome activation was then performed in cultured OMEC. There was no accumulation of keratins, and levels of unmodified keratins were found significantly reduced. Conclusion Results showed an abnormal expression of K4 and K13 after LSCD-induced proteasome dysfunction, which coalesce to form CKAGG in Corneal Epithelial Cells (CEC). We propose that CKAGG formation may be one of the causative factors of morphological alterations in the injured corneal epithelium, and that CKAGG could potentially be cleared by enhancing proteasome activity.
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Khowal S, Naqvi SH, Monga S, Jain SK, Wajid S. Assessment of cellular and serum proteome from tongue squamous cell carcinoma patient lacking addictive proclivities for tobacco, betel nut, and alcohol: Case study. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5186-5221. [PMID: 29236289 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intriguing molecular pathways involved in oral carcinogenesis are still ambiguous. The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) ranks as the most common type constituting more than 90% of the globally diagnosed oral cancers cases. The elevation in the OSCC incidence rate during past 10 years has an alarming impression on human healthcare. The major challenges associated with OSCC include delayed diagnosis, high metastatic rates, and low 5-year survival rates. The present work foundations on reverse genetic strategy and involves the identification of genes showing expressional variability in an OSCC case lacking addictive proclivities for tobacco, betel nut, and/or alcohol, major etiologies. The expression modulations in the identified genes were analyzed in 16 patients comprising oral pre-cancer and cancer histo-pathologies. The genes SCCA1 and KRT1 were found to down regulate while DNAJC13, GIPC2, MRPL17, IG-Vreg, SSFA2, and UPF0415 upregulated in the oral pre-cancer and cancer pathologies, implicating the genes as crucial players in oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Khowal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Samar H Naqvi
- Molecular Diagnostics, Genetix Biotech Asia (P) Ltd., New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Monga
- Department of ENT, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Swatantra K Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Zhang J, Quan J, Ren Y, Chen M, Yang J, Zhang X. Keratin 4 regulates the development of human white sponge nevus. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:598-605. [PMID: 29738605 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of keratin 4 (KRT4) gene in the development of human white sponge nevus (WSN). METHODS Transgenic mice were created using the microinjection method with pcDNA3.1 vectors expressing KRT4 wild-type (WT) gene and E520K mutation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting were used to identify the genotype of transgenic founders and their filial generations. Expression of KRT4 in mouse oral mucosa was characterized by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the whole epithelium layer of transgenic mice was observed using transmission electron microscope (TEM). RESULTS The positive rate of KRT4 transgenic mice in F1 generation was 45.5%. Expression level of KRT4 protein was significantly higher in 2-month-old transgenic mice than WT mice. Furthermore, all the epithelial lamina of 3-month-old transgenic mice showed reduced staining of KRT4. The surface and spinous layers were full of hyalocytes and bubble cells, which are similar to the clinical symptoms of WSN. For the ultrastructure, both tonofilaments and Odland bodies increased. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated the mutated KRT4 gene may play important roles in the pathogenesis of WSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Quan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomotology, Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyuan Ren
- Plastic surgery Section, Tianjin Police Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengshan Chen
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Joly F, Deret S, Gamboa B, Menigot C, Fogel P, Mounier C, Reiniche P, Sidou F, Aubert J, Lear J, Fryer AA, Zolezzi F, Voegel JJ. Photodynamic therapy corrects abnormal cancer-associated gene expression observed in actinic keratosis lesions and induces a remodeling effect in photodamaged skin. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 91:S0923-1811(17)30775-2. [PMID: 29779986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic keratoses (AK) are proliferations of neoplastic keratinocytes in the epidermis resulting from cumulative exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which are liable to transform into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Organ Transplant Recipients (OTR) have an increased risk of developing SCC as a consequence of long-term immunosuppressive therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular signature of AKs from OTR prior to treatment with methyl aminolevulinate-photodynamic therapy (MAL-PDT), and to assess what impact the treatment has on promoting remodeling of the photo-damaged skin. METHODS Seven patients were enrolled on a clinical trial to assess the effect of MAL-PDT with biopsies taken at screening prior to the first treatment session (week 1), and six weeks after completion of final treatment (week 18). Whole-genome gene expression analysis was carried out on skin biopsies isolated from an AK lesion, an area surrounding the lesion, and a non-sun exposed region of the body. Quantitative PCR was utilized to confirm the differential expression of key genes. RESULTS MAL-PDT treatment corrected abnormal proliferation-related gene profiles, corrected aberrantly expressed cancer-associated genes and induced expression of dermal extracellular matrix genes in photo-exposed skin. CONCLUSION The efficacy of the MAL-PDT on AK lesions was confirmed at whole-genome gene expression level. A transcriptional signature of remodeling, identified through assessing the effect of MAL-PDT on photodamaged skin, supports the use of MAL-PDT for treating photodamaged skin and field cancerized areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Deret
- GALDERMA R&D, 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Paul Fogel
- Independent Consultant, Paris 75006, France
| | | | | | | | | | - John Lear
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, MAHSC, Manchester University and Salford Royal NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony A Fryer
- Institute for Applied Clinical Sciences, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent Staffordshire, ST4 7QB, UK
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Schomberg J, Ziogas A, Anton-Culver H, Norden-Krichmar T. Identification of a gene expression signature predicting survival in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma using Monte Carlo cross validation. Oral Oncol 2018; 78:72-79. [PMID: 29496061 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to identify a robust signature that performs well in predicting overall survival across tumor phenotypes and treatment strata, and validates the application of Monte Carlo cross validation (MCCV) as a means of identifying molecular signatures when utilizing small and highly heterogeneous datasets. MATERIALS AND METHODS RNA sequence gene expression data for 264 patient tumors were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). 100 iterations of Monte Carlo cross validation were applied to differential expression and Cox model validation. The association between the gene signature risk score and overall survival was measured using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, univariate, and multivariable Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Pathway analysis findings indicate that ligand-gated ion channel pathways are the most significantly enriched with the genes in the aggregated signature. The aggregated signature described in this study is predictive of overall survival in oral cancer patients across demographic and treatment strata. CONCLUSION This study reinforces previous findings supporting the role of ion channel gating, interleukin, calcitonin receptor, and keratinization pathways in tumor progression and treatment response in oral cancer. These results strengthen the argument that differential expression of genes within these pathways reduces tumor susceptibility to treatment. Conducting differential gene expression (DGE) with Monte Carlo cross validation, as this study describes, offers a potential solution to decreasing the variability in DGE results across future studies that are reliant upon highly heterogeneous datasets. This improves the ability of studies reliant upon similarly structured datasets to reach results that are reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Schomberg
- Department of Epidemiology School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States.
| | - Trina Norden-Krichmar
- Department of Epidemiology School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States
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Hatta M, Miyake Y, Uchida K, Yamazaki J. Keratin 13 gene is epigenetically suppressed during transforming growth factor-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in a human keratinocyte cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:381-386. [PMID: 29326042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological event in which epithelial cells lose their polarity and cell-cell adhesions and concomitantly acquire mesenchymal traits, and is thought to play an important role in pathological processes such as wound healing and cancer progression. In this study, we evaluated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-treated human keratinocyte HaCaT cells as an in vitro model of EMT. HaCaT cells were changed into an elongated fibroblast-like morphology, which is indicative of EMT in response to TGF-β1. Phalloidin staining demonstrated the formation of actin stress fibers in TGF-β1-treated cells. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that TGF-β1 increased the mRNA levels of EMT transcription factors (SNAI2, TWIST1, and ZEB1) and mesenchymal markers (CDH2, VIM, and FN1), while it decreased the transcripts of epithelial phenotypic genes (CLDN1, OCLN, KRT5, KRT15, KRT13, and TGM1). Furthermore, we found that KRT13 was drastically suppressed through the reduction of RNA polymerase II occupancy of its promoter, which was accompanied by a decrease in active histone marks (H3K4me3 and H3K27ac) and an increase in a repressive mark (H3K27me3) during EMT. These findings indicate that the TGF-β1-induced EMT program regulates a subset of epithelial and mesenchymal marker genes, and that KRT13 is transcriptionally suppressed through the modulation of the chromatin state at the KRT13 promoter in HaCaT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoki Hatta
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yuki Miyake
- Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Uchida
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Yamazaki
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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Cancer stem cell and its niche in malignant progression of oral potentially malignant disorders. Oral Oncol 2017; 75:140-147. [PMID: 29224811 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine association between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their niche with progression of oral potentially malignant disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed oral potentially malignant disorders, stratified into high/low risk lesions based on the degree of dysplasia and oral cancer were included in this study. Immunohistochemical profiling of markers of CSCs (CD44), endothelial cells (CD31) and CSC-vascular niche cross-talk (CXCR4 and SDF1) were carried out. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate the relationship of markers with histopathology grade (ANOVA, and χ2 test, unpaired t test) using GraphPad InStat v3.06. RESULTS The study included 550 samples (349 patients) and analysis showed progressive increase in expression levels of CSC and its niche markers with increase in grade of dysplasia as compared to the normal cohort (p < 0.05). Co-expression analysis revealed that, in comparison to the normal cohort, a larger percentage of patients showed increased expression of CD31 and CD44 (CD31high/CD44high; p < 0.05) and of CXCR4 and SDF1 (CXCR4high/SDF1high; p = 0.04), suggesting an association of the CSCs and the vascular niche. Further, distribution of patients with CD44high/CXCR4high (p < 0.05) and CD31high/SDF1high (p = 0.01) was significantly increased in the high-risk group (18%), suggesting a correlation between CD44+/CXCR4+ cells, the vascular niche and progression of oral dysplastic lesions. CONCLUSION The increased expression of CSCs, the vascular niche and their cross talk markers are associated with increase in severity of dysplasia suggesting their role in the progression of oral potentially malignant disorders and may hence be used in identifying high-risk OPMD.
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de Haseth SB, Bakker E, Vermeer MH, el Idrissi H, Bosse T, Smit VT, Terron‐Kwiatkowski A, McLean WI, Peters AA, Hes FJ. A novel keratin 13 variant in a four-generation family with white sponge nevus. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:1503-1509. [PMID: 28878914 PMCID: PMC5582238 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a novel KRT13 germ line variant that causes white sponge nevus (WSN) with mucosal dysplasia. Genital, vaginal, and cervical WSN were observed in four female patients, of whom two had premalignant cervical lesions at young age. Two of the 12 patients with oral WSN developed oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Egbert Bakker
- Department of Clinical GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Maarten H. Vermeer
- Department of DermatologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Hakima el Idrissi
- Department of Clinical GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of PathologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - W.H. Irwin McLean
- Centre for Dermatology and Genetic MedicineUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | | | - Frederik J. Hes
- Department of Clinical GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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Enokida T, Fujii S, Takahashi M, Higuchi Y, Nomura S, Wakasugi T, Yamazaki T, Hayashi R, Ohtsu A, Tahara M. Gene expression profiling to predict recurrence of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: discovery and external validation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61786-61799. [PMID: 28977904 PMCID: PMC5617464 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish a prognostic signature for locally advanced tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) patients treated with surgery. RESULTS In the discovery study, unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis identified two clusters which differentiated the Kaplan-Meier curves of RFS [median RFS, 111 days vs. not reached; log-rank test, P = 0.023]. The 30 genes identified were combined into a dichotomous PI. In the validation cohort, classification according to the PI was associated with RFS [median RFS, 754 days vs. not reached; log-rank test, P = 0.026 in GSE31056] and DSS [median DSS, 540 days vs. not reached; log-rank test, P = 0.046 in GSE42743 and 443 days vs. not reached; P < 0.001 in GSE41613]. Among genes, positive immunohistochemical staining of cytokeratin 4 was associated with favorable prognostic values for RFS (hazard ratio (HR), 0.591, P = 0.045) and DSS (HR, 0.333, P = 0.004). MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted gene expression profiling of 26 clinicopathologically homogeneous advanced TSCC tissue samples using cDNA microarray as a discovery study. Candidate genes were screened using clustering analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis for relapse-free survival (RFS). These were combined into a prognostic index (PI), which was validated using three public microarray datasets of tongue and oral cancer (123 patients). Some genes identified in discovery were immunohistochemically examined for protein expression in another 127 TSCC patients. CONCLUSION We identified robust molecular markers that showed significant associations with prognosis in TSCC patients. Gene expression profiling data were successfully converted to protein expression profiling data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Enokida
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.,Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Mari Takahashi
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Youichi Higuchi
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Shogo Nomura
- Biostatistics Division, Center for Research Administration and Support, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Wakasugi
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamazaki
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hayashi
- Head and Neck Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohtsu
- Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Makoto Tahara
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
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Landry DA, Fortin C, Bellefleur AM, Labrecque R, Grand FX, Vigneault C, Blondin P, Sirard MA. Comparative analysis of granulosa cell gene expression in association with oocyte competence in FSH-stimulated Holstein cows. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:2324-2335. [DOI: 10.1071/rd16459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian stimulation with exogenous FSH followed by FSH withdrawal or ‘coasting’ is an effective means of increasing the number of oocytes obtainable for the in vitro production of cattle embryos. However, the quality of the oocytes thus obtained varies considerably from one cow to the next. The aim of the present study was to gain a better understanding of the follicular conditions associated with low oocyte developmental competence. Granulosa cells from 94 Holstein cows in a commercial embryo production facility were collected following ovarian stimulation and coasting. Microarray analysis showed 120 genes expressed with a differential of at least 1.5 when comparing donors of mostly competent with donors of mostly incompetent oocytes. Using ingenuity pathway analysis, we revealed the main biological functions and potential upstream regulators that distinguish donors of mostly incompetent oocytes. These are involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, retinol availability and insulin signalling. In summary, we demonstrated that differences in follicle maturity at collection could explain differences in oocyte competence associated with individual animals. We also revealed deficiencies in lipid metabolism and retinol signalling in granulosa cells from donors of mostly incompetent oocytes.
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43
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Liu S, Cadaneanu RM, Zhang B, Huo L, Lai K, Li X, Galet C, Grogan TR, Elashoff D, Freedland SJ, Rettig M, Aronson WJ, Knudsen BS, Lewis MS, Garraway IP. Keratin 13 Is Enriched in Prostate Tubule-Initiating Cells and May Identify Primary Prostate Tumors that Metastasize to the Bone. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163232. [PMID: 27711225 PMCID: PMC5053503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Benign human prostate tubule-initiating cells (TIC) and aggressive prostate cancer display common traits, including tolerance of low androgen levels, resistance to apoptosis, and microenvironment interactions that drive epithelial budding and outgrowth. TIC can be distinguished from epithelial and stromal cells that comprise prostate tissue via cell sorting based upon Epcam, CD44, and CD49f antigenic profiles. Fetal prostate epithelial cells (FC) possess a similar antigenic profile to adult TIC and are capable of inducing tubule formation. To identify the TIC niche in human prostate tissue, differential keratin (KRT) expression was evaluated. Results Gene expression data generated from Affymetrix Gene Chip human U133 Plus 2.0 array of sorted adult and fetal epithelial cells revealed KRT13 to be significantly enriched in FC and TIC compared to basal cells (BC) and luminal cells (LC) (p<0.001). Enriched KRT13 expression was confirmed by RT-PCR and cytospin immunostaining. Immunohistochemical analysis of KRT13 expression revealed rare KRT13+ epithelia throughout prostatic ducts/acini in adult tissue specimens and differentiated tubules in 24-week recombinant grafts, In contrast, abundant KRT13 expression was observed in developing ducts/acini in fetal prostate and cord-like structures composing 8-week recombinant grafts. Immunostaining of a prostate tissue microarray revealed KRT13+ tumor foci in approximately 9% of cases, and this subset displayed significantly shorter time to recurrence (p = 0.031), metastases (p = 0.032), and decreased overall survival (p = 0.004). Diagnostic prostate needle biopsies (PNBX) from untreated patients with concurrent bone metastases (clinical stage M1) displayed KRT13+ tumor foci, as did bone metastatic foci. Conclusions The expression profile of KRT13 in benign fetal and adult prostate tissue and in recombinant grafts, as well as the frequency of KRT13 expression in primary and metastatic prostate cancer indicates that it may be a marker of a stem/progenitor-like cell state that is co-opted in aggressive tumor cells. KRT13 is enriched in benign stem-like cells that display androgen-resistance, apoptosis-resistance, and branching morphogenesis properties. Collectively our data demonstrate that KRT13 expression is associated with poor prognosis at multiple stages of disease progression and may represent an important biomarker of adverse outcome in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Liu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Radu M. Cadaneanu
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Baohui Zhang
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lihong Huo
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin Lai
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Colette Galet
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tristan R. Grogan
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Freedland
- Urologic Section, Department of Surgery, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew Rettig
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - William J. Aronson
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Beatrice S. Knudsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Lewis
- Department of Pathology, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Health System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Isla P. Garraway
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sakamoto K. Notch signaling in oral squamous neoplasia. Pathol Int 2016; 66:609-617. [PMID: 27671927 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is involved in cell-cell communication. It is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism and plays a fundamental role in development. The typical function of Notch signaling is the regulation of cell fate segregation at asymmetric division; however, a role in tumorigenesis has also been suggested. Inactivating mutations of NOTCH1 are present in about 10 % of cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, oral cavity, esophagus, and lung, rendering it one of the most frequently mutated genes in squamous cell carcinoma. Mouse knockout studies have demonstrated that Notch1 is imperative for early development but is dispensable for formation of the squamous epithelium. However, loss of Notch signaling predisposes the epidermis to hyperplasia and increases tumor incidence. This tumor-inducing effect resulting from the loss of Notch signaling is associated with non-cell-autonomous effects that are elicited by subtle alteration of epithelial cell features, generating a wound-like microenvironment in the underlying stroma. We found that Notch1 was expressed specifically in the basal cells of the oral squamous epithelium. In cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia, it was significantly downregulated, suggesting that reduced Notch activity plays a distinct role in oral neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Nguyen CTK, Okamura T, Morita KI, Yamaguchi S, Harada H, Miki Y, Izumo T, Kayamori K, Yamaguchi A, Sakamoto K. LAMC2 is a predictive marker for the malignant progression of leukoplakia. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:223-231. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Thi Kim Nguyen
- Department of Oral Pathology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takeshi Okamura
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kei-ichi Morita
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral Surgery; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshio Miki
- Department of Molecular Genetics; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Izumo
- Department of Diagnostic Oral Pathology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Oral Health Science Center; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
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46
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Khanom R, Nguyen CTK, Kayamori K, Zhao X, Morita K, Miki Y, Katsube KI, Yamaguchi A, Sakamoto K. Keratin 17 Is Induced in Oral Cancer and Facilitates Tumor Growth. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161163. [PMID: 27512993 PMCID: PMC4981360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin subtypes are selectively expressed depending on the cell type. They not only provide structural support, but regulate the metabolic processes and signaling pathways that control the growth of the epithelium. KRT17 (keratin 17) is induced in the regenerative epithelium and acts on diverse signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate that KRT17 is invariably and permanently induced in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), as revealed by immunohistochemistry and cDNA microarray analysis. Two representative OSCC cell lines; KRT17-weakly expressing Ca9-22 and KRT17-highly expressing HSC3 were used to establish KRT17-overexpressing Ca9-22 and KRT17-knockdown HSC3 cells. Analysis of these cells revealed that KRT17 promoted cell proliferation and migration by stimulating the Akt/mTOR pathway. KRT17 also upregulated the expression of SLC2A1 (solute carrier family 2 member 1/Glut1) and glucose uptake. To further investigate the effect of KRT17 on tumorigenesis, KRT17-knockout HSC3 cells were established and were transplanted to the cephalic skin of nude mice. The tumors that developed from KRT17-knockout HSC3 cells had a lower Ki-67 labeling index and were significantly smaller compared to the controls. These results indicate that KRT17 stimulates the Akt/mTOR pathway and glucose uptake, thereby facilitating tumor growth. We could not confirm the relationship between KRT17 and SFN (stratifin) in the cells examined in this study. However, our study reinforces the concept that the cellular properties of cancer are regulated by a series of molecules similar to those found in wound healing. In OSCC, KRT17 acts as a pathogenic keratin that facilitates tumor growth through the stimulation of multiple signaling pathways, highlighting the importance of KRT17 as a multifunctional promoter of tumorigenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Keratin-17/genetics
- Keratin-17/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Khanom
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, “International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Disease”, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chi Thi Kim Nguyen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Morita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Miki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, “International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Disease”, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Katsube
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Human Care, Tohto College of Health Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, “International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Disease”, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Okamura T, Izumo T, Yagishita H, Mori T, Sakamoto K, Harada K. Disordered arrangements of basal cells as a prognostic factor for oral epithelial dysplasia: a morphometric study of 96 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 122:355-61. [PMID: 27544396 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess objectively the predictive value of the atypical appearance of the basal layer of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) for development into invasive carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN Ninety-six OED cases were examined. These cases were divided into 2 groups: 38 cases that developed into invasive carcinoma and 58 cases that did not. Furthermore, 12 histopathological factors were quantified morphometrically in each case and assessed by Cox's proportional hazards model. RESULTS The standard deviation of the length between the apical membrane of the basal cells and the basement membrane was significantly associated with development of OED into invasive carcinoma (P < .001; hazard ratio, 3.124). CONCLUSION We provided novel, objective data demonstrating that an atypical appearance, especially the disordered arrangement of the basal cells representing loss of polarity, may be useful for predicting the development of OED into invasive carcinoma of the tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Okamura
- PhD Student, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Izumo
- Associate Professor, Department of Diagnostic Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hisao Yagishita
- Professor, Division of Oral Diagnosis, Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology and Oral Pathology Diagnostic Services, Nippon Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Staff Scientist, Department of Clinical Laboratory and Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Harada
- Professor of Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Mechanistic insight into the aberrant silencing of the keratin 13 gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Oral Biosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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49
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Cytokeratin 17 immunoexpression in actinic keratosis (bowenoid and nonbowenoid) and in Bowen disease. Ann Diagn Pathol 2015; 20:1-6. [PMID: 26740287 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytokeratin (CK) 17 immunoexpression has been investigated in nonmelanoma skin cancer as well as in many preinvasive epithelial malignancies. However, there is not any previous study of CK17 immunoexpression in actinic keratosis (AK) or Bowen disease in nonimmunocompromised patients. We evaluated CK17 immunoexpression in 20 cases of AK (10 nonbowenoid and 10 bowenoid) as well as in 10 cases of Bowen disease. We identified expression of CK17 in the superficial layers above the atypical foci. In some cases, there were foci of expression by the full thickness of the epidermis, which was the predominant pattern in very few cases (1 Bowen disease and 1 bowenoid AK). In addition, 1 case of bowenoid AK showed CK17 expression in a "skyline" pattern in the basal layer of the epidermis. Cytokeratin 17 immunostaining did not allow us to distinguish between the 3 entities studied. However, the immunostaining allowed us to distinguish atypical foci in the biopsies, even if atypicality was minimal. In addition, CK17 was useful in identifying surgical borders involved by disease in cases in which the hematoxylin-eosin was difficult to evaluate. Cytokeratin 17 immunoexpression might have a role in evaluating surgical borders in some cases of AK and Bowen disease.
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50
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Girard A, Dufort I, Sirard MA. The effect of energy balance on the transcriptome of bovine granulosa cells at 60 days postpartum. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1350-61.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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