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Cai C, Hu Z, Yu X. Accelerator or Brake: Immune Regulators in Malaria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:610121. [PMID: 33363057 PMCID: PMC7758250 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.610121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease, affecting over 250 million individuals worldwide each year, eradicating malaria has been one of the greatest challenges to public health for a century. Growing resistance to anti-parasitic therapies and lack of effective vaccines are major contributing factors in controlling this disease. However, the incomplete understanding of parasite interactions with host anti-malaria immunity hinders vaccine development efforts to date. Recent studies have been unveiling the complexity of immune responses and regulators against Plasmodium infection. Here, we summarize our current understanding of host immune responses against Plasmodium-derived components infection and mainly focus on the various regulatory mechanisms mediated by recent identified immune regulators orchestrating anti-malaria immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Cai
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, School of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Jiang Y, Li X, Wu Y, Zhou L, Wang Z, Xiao W. Effect of Lentinan on Peyer's patch structure and function in an immunosuppressed mouse model. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:169-176. [PMID: 31255627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lentinan (LNT), a polysaccharide isolated from Lentinus edodes, has been shown to stimulate immune response. Despite its widespread use owing to its health benefits, epidemiologic and experimental studies that address the biological activities of LNT after oral administration to animals or humans are rare. In this study, the effects of LNT on the intestinal mucosal immune system of immunosuppressed mice were investigated. The number and size of the Peyer's patches (PPs), proliferation ability of PP lymphocytes, T and B lymphocyte percentage, and T-cell activation proportion, as well as the number of M-like cells in PPs, were determined. The antigen transfer ability of M-like cells and intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels were also detected. After oral administration of LNT for 7 days, the number of PPs, lymphocytes in PPs, and the level of intestinal soluble IgA in immunosuppressed mice were increased. LNT maintained the percentage of T and B lymphocytes and upregulated the proportion of activated T cells in PPs. Furthermore, the number of M-like cells, which were differentiated from intestinal epithelial cells, and their antigen transfer ability were enhanced. These results indicate that orally administered LNT can improve the immune status of the intestinal mucosa in immunosuppressed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Jiang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jiangning Industrial City, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- R & D Department, Guangdong Hybribio Technology Co. Ltd, No. 71, Fengsan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jiangning Industrial City, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Waihuan Dong Rd., Guangzhou University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jiangning Industrial City, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jiangning Industrial City, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China.
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Wilson KL, Flanagan KL, Prakash MD, Plebanski M. Malaria vaccines in the eradication era: current status and future perspectives. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:133-151. [PMID: 30601095 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1561289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The challenge to eradicate malaria is an enormous task that will not be achieved by current control measures, thus an efficacious and long-lasting malaria vaccine is required. The licensing of RTS, S/AS01 is a step forward in providing some protection, but a malaria vaccine that protects across multiple transmission seasons is still needed. To achieve this, inducing beneficial immune responses while minimising deleterious non-targeted effects will be essential. AREAS COVERED This article discusses the current challenges and advances in malaria vaccine development and reviews recent human clinical trials for each stage of infection. Pubmed and ScienceDirect were searched, focusing on cell mediated immunity and how T cell subsets might be targeted in future vaccines using novel adjuvants and emerging vaccine technologies. EXPERT COMMENTARY Despite decades of research there is no highly effective licensed malaria vaccine. However, there is cause for optimism as new adjuvants and vaccine systems emerge, and our understanding of correlates of protection increases, especially regarding cellular immunity. The new field of heterologous (non-specific) effects of vaccines also highlights the broader consequences of immunization. Importantly, the WHO led Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap illustrates that there is a political will among the global health community to make it happen.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Wilson
- a Department of Immunology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.,b School of Health and Biomedical Sciences , RMIT University , Bundoora , Australia
| | - K L Flanagan
- a Department of Immunology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.,b School of Health and Biomedical Sciences , RMIT University , Bundoora , Australia.,c School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Tasmania , Launceston , Australia
| | - M D Prakash
- b School of Health and Biomedical Sciences , RMIT University , Bundoora , Australia
| | - M Plebanski
- b School of Health and Biomedical Sciences , RMIT University , Bundoora , Australia
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Deroost K, Langhorne J. Gamma/Delta T Cells and Their Role in Protection Against Malaria. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2973. [PMID: 30619330 PMCID: PMC6306408 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether and how γδT cells play a protective role in immunity against Plasmodium infection remain open questions. γδT cells expand in patients and mice infected with Plasmodium spp, and cytokine production and cytotoxic responses against blood-stage parasites are observed in vitro. Their expansion is associated with protective immunity induced by irradiated sporozoite immunization, and depletion of γδT cells in some mouse models of malaria excacerbates blood-stage infections. It is now clear that these cells can have many different functions, and data are emerging suggesting that in addition to having direct parasitocidal effects, they can regulate other immune cells during Plasmodium infections. Here we review some of the historic and more recent data on γδT cells, and in light of the new information on their potential protective roles we suggest that it is a good time to re-evaluate their activation requirements, specificity and function during malaria.
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Miyakoda M, Bayarsaikhan G, Kimura D, Akbari M, Udono H, Yui K. Metformin Promotes the Protection of Mice Infected With Plasmodium yoelii Independently of γδ T Cell Expansion. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2942. [PMID: 30619302 PMCID: PMC6300485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses are critical for protection against infection with Plasmodium parasites. The metabolic state dramatically changes in T cells during activation and the memory phase. Recent findings suggest that metformin, a medication for treating type-II diabetes, enhances T-cell immune responses by modulating lymphocyte metabolism. In this study, we investigated whether metformin could enhance anti-malaria immunity. Mice were infected with Plasmodium yoelii and administered metformin. Levels of parasitemia were reduced in treated mice compared with those in untreated mice, starting at ~2 weeks post-infection. The number of γδ T cells dramatically increased in the spleens of treated mice compared with that in untreated mice during the later phase of infection, while that of αβ T cells did not. The proportions of Vγ1+ and Vγ2+ γδ T cells increased, suggesting that activated cells were selectively expanded. However, these γδ T cells expressed inhibitory receptors and had severe defects in cytokine production, suggesting that they were in a state of exhaustion. Metformin was unable to rescue the cells from exhaustion at this stage. Depletion of γδ T cells with antibody treatment did not affect the reduction of parasitemia in metformin-treated mice, suggesting that the effect of metformin on the reduction of parasitemia was independent of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Miyakoda
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Drug Fostering and Evolution, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ganchimeg Bayarsaikhan
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kimura
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masoud Akbari
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Heiichiro Udono
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yui
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Graduate School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Taniguchi T, Md Mannoor K, Nonaka D, Toma H, Li C, Narita M, Vanisaveth V, Kano S, Takahashi M, Watanabe H. A Unique Subset of γδ T Cells Expands and Produces IL-10 in Patients with Naturally Acquired Immunity against Falciparum Malaria. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1288. [PMID: 28769886 PMCID: PMC5515829 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although expansions in γδ T cell populations are known to occur in the peripheral blood of patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum, the role of these cells in people with naturally acquired immunity against P. falciparum who live in malaria-endemic areas is poorly understood. We used a cross-sectional survey to investigate the role of peripheral blood γδ T cells in people living in Lao People's Democratic Republic, a malaria-endemic area. We found that the proportion of non-Vγ9 γδ T cells was higher in non-hospitalized uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients (UMPs) from this region. Notably, we found that the non-Vγ9 γδ T cells in the peripheral blood of UMPs and negative controls from this region had the potential to expand and produce IL-10 and interferon-γ when cultured in the presence of IL-2 and/or crude P. falciparum antigens for 10 days. Furthermore, these cells were associated with plasma interleukin 10 (IL-10), which was elevated in UMPs. This is the first report demonstrating that, in UMPs living in a malaria-endemic area, a γδ T cell subset, the non-Vγ9 γδT cells, expands and produces IL-10. These results contribute to understanding of the mechanisms of naturally acquired immunity against P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Taniguchi
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma UniversityMaebashi, Japan
- Center for Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma UniversityMaebashi, Japan
- Immunobiology Group, Center of Molecular Biosciences, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the RyukyusNishihara, Japan
| | - Kaiissar Md Mannoor
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, United States
| | - Daisuke Nonaka
- Department of Parasitology and Immunopathoetiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the RyukyusNishihara, Japan
| | - Hiromu Toma
- Department of Parasitology and Immunopathoetiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the RyukyusNishihara, Japan
| | - Changchun Li
- Department of Health Sciences, Trans-disciplinary Research Organization for Subtropics and Island Studies, University of the RyukyusNishihara, Japan
| | - Miwako Narita
- Laboratory of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata UniversityNiigata, Japan
| | | | - Shigeyuki Kano
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Masuhiro Takahashi
- Laboratory of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata UniversityNiigata, Japan
| | - Hisami Watanabe
- Immunobiology Group, Center of Molecular Biosciences, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the RyukyusNishihara, Japan
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata UniversityNiigata, Japan
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Allison KA, Sajti E, Collier JG, Gosselin D, Troutman TD, Stone EL, Hedrick SM, Glass CK. Affinity and dose of TCR engagement yield proportional enhancer and gene activity in CD4+ T cells. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27376549 PMCID: PMC4931909 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Affinity and dose of T cell receptor (TCR) interaction with antigens govern the magnitude of CD4+ T cell responses, but questions remain regarding the quantitative translation of TCR engagement into downstream signals. We find that while the response of mouse CD4+ T cells to antigenic stimulation is bimodal, activated cells exhibit analog responses proportional to signal strength. Gene expression output reflects TCR signal strength, providing a signature of T cell activation. Expression changes rely on a pre-established enhancer landscape and quantitative acetylation at AP-1 binding sites. Finally, we show that graded expression of activation genes depends on ERK pathway activation, suggesting that an ERK-AP-1 axis plays an important role in translating TCR signal strength into proportional activation of enhancers and genes essential for T cell function. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10134.001 T helper cells recognize and respond to bacteria, viruses and other invading microbes and thus play a central role in the adaptive immune system. These cells have a receptor on their surface that binds to fragments of proteins – known as oligopeptides – from the microbes that have been digested and presented on the surfaces of other immune cells. Once active, T helper cells multiply, grow and release signals that regulate genes in other cells to promote immune responses. Previous studies suggest that a T helper cell’s response is binary – that is, either on or off. However, this does not explain how the strength of the T cell response to infection can vary. Allison et al. used a technique called high-throughput sequencing to examine the activity of genes in T helper cells from mice that had been genetically engineered to only produce one type of T cell receptor. For the experiments, the T cells were exposed to various concentrations of different peptides known to bind either well or poorly to the receptor. Allison et al. found that, once activated, the response of an individual T cell was not binary, but instead was related to the strength of the signal it received through its receptor. Further experiments showed that although a subset of the genes activated in T helper cells do respond in a binary fashion, the activities of many other genes involved in immune responses and cell metabolism were related to the strength of the signal from the receptor. This “analog” gene activation depends on the level of activity of the MAP kinase signaling pathway. Together, Allison et al.’s findings help us to understand how T cells are able to fine-tune immune responses to invading microbes. The next challenge will be to investigate the mechanisms underlying binary and analog gene activity in T cells. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10134.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmel A Allison
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States.,Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Eniko Sajti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, United States.,Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, United States
| | - Jana G Collier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - David Gosselin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Ty Dale Troutman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Erica L Stone
- Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Science, University of California, San Diego, United States.,Translational Tumor Immunology Program, Wistar Institute Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Stephen M Hedrick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States.,Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Science, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States
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BAKIR H, YONES D, GALAL L, HUSEEIN E. Resistance and Susceptibility to Malarial Infection: A Host Defense Strategy against Malaria. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2015; 10:638-47. [PMID: 26811732 PMCID: PMC4724842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an effort to understand what limits the virulence of malaria parasites in relation to the host genetic and immunogenic background, we investigated the possibility that the parasite and host genotype crossover interactions constrain virulence. METHODS Two groups of mice from different genotypes were used (C57BL/6 (B6) and DBA/2 mice). The mice were infected with a virulent parasite line Plasmodium yoelii 17XL (P. yoelii 17XL). Parasitemia, hematocrit value and lymphocytes yielded by livers and spleens were evaluated. Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) analysis illustrated phenotypic characterization of lymphocytes. RESULTS Infection with P. yoelii 17XL did not result in the death of DBA/2 mice. In contrast, B6 mice developed significantly high parasitemia and succumbed to death. Using (FACS) analysis, DBA/2 mice were found to experience a marked expansion of interleukin (IL)-2Rβ(+) CD3(int) cells and γδ T cells in the liver, especially in the recovery phase. The expansion of unconventional T cells (i.e. B220(+) T cells) was also marked in DBA/2 mice. CONCLUSION The outcome of murine malaria infections depends on the dynamic interplay between the immune-mediator and the genotype of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa BAKIR
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Doaa YONES
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Lamia GALAL
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Enas HUSEEIN
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Inoue SI, Niikura M, Mineo S, Kobayashi F. Roles of IFN-γ and γδ T Cells in Protective Immunity Against Blood-Stage Malaria. Front Immunol 2013; 4:258. [PMID: 24009610 PMCID: PMC3756480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is caused by infection with Plasmodium parasites. Various studies with knockout mice have indicated that IFN-γ plays essential roles in protective immunity against blood-stage Plasmodium infection. However, after Plasmodium infection, increased IFN-γ production by various types of cells is involved not only in protective immunity, but also in immunopathology. Recent reports have shown that IFN-γ acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine to induce not only the activation of macrophages, but also the generation of uncommon myelolymphoid progenitor cells after Plasmodium infection. However, the effects of IFN-γ on hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells are unclear. Therefore, the regulation of hematopoiesis by IFN-γ during Plasmodium infection remains to be clarified. Although there are conflicting reports concerning the significance of γδ T cells in protective immunity against Plasmodium infection, γδ T cells may respond to infection and produce IFN-γ as innate immune cells in the early phase of blood-stage malaria. Our recent studies have shown that γδ T cells express CD40 ligand and produce IFN-γ after Plasmodium infection, resulting in the enhancement of dendritic cell activation as part of the immune response to eliminate Plasmodium parasites. These data suggest that the function of γδ T cells is similar to that of NK cells. Although several reports suggest that γδ T cells have the potential to act as memory cells for various infections, it remains to be determined whether memory γδ T cells are generated by Plasmodium infection and whether memory γδ T cells can contribute to the host defense against re-infection with Plasmodium. Here, we summarize and discuss the effects of IFN-γ and the various functions of γδ T cells in blood-stage Plasmodium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Inoue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka , Tokyo , Japan
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Zhu H, Li J, Wang S, Liu K, Wang L, Huang L. γδ T Cell Receptor Deficiency Attenuated Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy and Promoted Regulatory T cell Expansion. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:44-9. [PMID: 23659436 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan; China
| | - J. Li
- Department of Oncology; Wuhan Central Hospital; Wuhan; China
| | - S. Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; Union Hospital; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan; China
| | - K. Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan; China
| | - L. Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan; China
| | - L. Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan; China
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11
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Protective function of an unconventional γδ T cell subset against malaria infection in apoptosis inhibitor deficient mice. Cell Immunol 2012; 279:151-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Enhancement of dendritic cell activation via CD40 ligand-expressing γδ T cells is responsible for protective immunity to Plasmodium parasites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:12129-34. [PMID: 22778420 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1204480109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have shown that γδ T cells are important for the elimination of malaria parasites in humans and mice. However, how γδ T cells are involved in protective immunity against blood-stage malaria remains unknown. We infected γδ T-cell-deficient (TCRδ-KO) mice and control wild-type mice with Plasmodium berghei XAT, which is a nonlethal strain. Although infected red blood cells were eliminated within 30 d after infection, TCRδ-KO mice could not clear the infected red blood cells, showed high parasitemia, and eventually died. Therefore, γδ T cells are essential for clearance of the parasites. Here, we found that γδ T cells play a key role in dendritic cell activation after Plasmodium infection. On day 5 postinfection, γδ T cells produced IFN-γ and expressed CD40 ligand during dendritic cell activation. These results suggest that γδ T cells enhance dendritic cell activation via IFN-γ and CD40 ligand-CD40 signaling. This hypothesis is supported strongly by the fact that in vivo induction of CD40 signaling prevented the death of TCRδ-KO mice after infection with P. berghei XAT. This study improves our understanding of protective immunity against malaria and provides insights into γδ T-cell-mediated protective immunity against various infectious diseases.
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Bakir HY, Tomiyama C, Abo T. Cytokine profile of murine malaria: stage-related production of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Biomed Res 2011; 32:203-8. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.32.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Kanda Y, Kawamura H, Matsumoto H, Kobayashi T, Kawamura T, Abo T. Identification and characterization of autoantibody-producing B220low B (B-1) cells appearing in malarial infection. Cell Immunol 2010; 263:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Taniguchi T, Tachikawa S, Kanda Y, Kawamura T, Tomiyama-Miyaji C, Li C, Watanabe H, Sekikawa H, Abo T. Malaria protection in beta 2-microglobulin-deficient mice lacking major histocompatibility complex class I antigens: essential role of innate immunity, including gammadelta T cells. Immunology 2007; 122:514-21. [PMID: 17916163 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is still controversial whether malaria protection is mediated by conventional immunity associated with T and B cells or by innate immunity associated with extrathymic T cells and autoantibody-producing B cells. Given this situation, it is important to examine the mechanism of malaria protection in beta(2)-microglobulin-deficient (beta(2)m(-/-)) mice. These mice lack major histocompatibility complex class I and CD1d antigens, which results in the absence of CD8(+) T cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells. When C57BL/6 and beta(2)m(-/-) mice were injected with parasitized (Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL) erythrocytes, both survived from the infection and showed a similar level of parasitaemia. The major expanding T cells were NK1.1(-) alphabeta T-cell receptor(int) cells in both mice. The difference was a compensatory expansion of NK and gammadelta T cells in beta(2)m(-/-) mice, and an elimination experiment showed that these lymphocytes were critical for protection in these mice. These results suggest that malaria protection might be events of the innate immunity associated with multiple subsets with autoreactivity. CD8(+) T and NKT cells may be partially related to this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Taniguchi
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
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Shen J, Ren H, Tomiyama-Miyaji C, Suga Y, Suga T, Kuwano Y, Iiai T, Hatakeyama K, Abo T. Potentiation of intestinal immunity by micellary mushroom extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 28:71-7. [PMID: 17510491 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.28.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mushroom (shiitake) extracts were dispersed with lecithin micelles to prepare superfine particles (0.05 to 0.2 microm in diameter) of beta-1,3-glucan (micellary mushroom extracts). When mice were fed with these micelles of beta-glucan (0.75 mg/day/mouse, smaller amounts of beta-glucan), the number of lymphocytes yielded by the small intestine increased by up to 40%. More interestingly, the ratio of CD8alphabeta(+)TCRalphabeta(+) cells/CD8alphaalpha(+)TCRalphabeta(+) cells increased prominently. In parallel with this deviation in the distribution of lymphocyte subsets, tumor cytotoxicity against P815 cells and cytokine productions were also augmented. In other words, phylogenetically developed lymphocytes (CD8alphabeta(+), TCRalphabeta(+)) were much more effectively activated by the oral administration of micellary beta-glucan. These results suggest that smaller amounts of micellary beta-glucan might be useful for the potentiation of intestinal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Shen
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
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Kobayashi F, Niikura M, Waki S, Matsui T, Fujino T, Tsuruhara T, Kamiya S. Plasmodium berghei XAT: contribution of gammadelta T cells to host defense against infection with blood-stage nonlethal malaria parasite. Exp Parasitol 2007; 117:368-75. [PMID: 17601562 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2006] [Revised: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We examined a potential role of gammadelta T cells in protective immunity to blood-stage Plasmodium berghei XAT infection. Plasmodium berghei XAT is an attenuated variant of the lethal strain P. berghei NK65 and its infection is self-resolving in immune competent mice. To determine whether gammadelta T cells are essential for the resolution of P. berghei XAT malaria, mice were depleted of gammadelta T cells with anti-TCRgammadelta antibody treatment. Although mice that had received control antibody resolved infections, mice received anti-TCRgammadelta antibody could not control their infections and eventually died. Spleen cells from infected mice produced IFN-gamma and nitric oxide (NO) within the first week of infection, however, levels of IFN-gamma and NO in gammadelta T cell-depleted mice were significantly lower than in control mice. To examine whether gammadelta T cells are involved in the antibody production, malarial-specific antibodies of the various isotypes were measured in the sera of gammadelta T cell-depleted mice and control mice. Serum levels of IgG2a, which was known to be a protective antibody in P. berghei XAT malaria, were significantly lower in gammadelta T cell-depleted mice than in control mice, whereas levels of IgG1 were comparable to those in control mice. Our results indicated that the presence of the gammadelta T cell subset was essential for resolution of blood-stage P. berghei XAT malaria and played a modulatory role in the development of Th1 response and host defense against this malarial parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumie Kobayashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
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Ren H, Shen J, Tomiyama-Miyaji C, Watanabe M, Kainuma E, Inoue M, Kuwano Y, Abo T. Augmentation of innate immunity by low-dose irradiation. Cell Immunol 2006; 244:50-6. [PMID: 17420010 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of low-dose irradiation on the immune system was investigated in mice. When a 0.2 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation was administered every other day for a total of four times, the number of lymphocytes yielded by the liver, spleen and thymus decreased at the initial stage (around day 10). At this stage, NK cells, extrathymic T cells and NKT cells were found to be radioresistant. In other words, conventional lymphocytes were radiosensitive, even in the case of low-dose irradiation. However, the number of lymphocytes in all tested immune organs increased beyond the control level at the recovery stage (around day 28). Enumeration of the absolute number of lymphocyte subsets showed that the most prominently expanding populations were NK cells, extrathymic T cells and NKT cells, especially in the liver where primordial lymphocytes are primarily present. Functional and phenotypic activation of these populations also occurred at the recovery stage. It raised a possibility that an initial activation of macrophages by low-dose irradiation then mediated the present phenomenon. These results suggest that low-dose irradiation eventually has the potential to induce a hormesis effect on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Ren
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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