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Zhao M, Tang F, Huang X, Ma J, Wang F, Zhang P. Polysaccharide Isolated from Agaricus blazei Murill Alleviates Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Regulating Gut Microbiota and Mitigating Inflammation in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2202-2213. [PMID: 38247134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious disease in medical settings, and gut dysbiosis is a major contributor to its development. Polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM) showed a range of pharmacological activities, yet no studies assessed the potential of ABM polysaccharides for alleviating intestinal I/R injury. Here, we purified a major polysaccharide (ABP1) from an ABM fruit body and subsequently tested its potential to mitigate intestinal I/R injury in a mouse model of temporary superior mesenteric artery occlusion. The results reveal that ABP1 pretreatment enhances gut barrier function via upregulation of the expression of tight junction proteins such as ZO-1 and occludin. Additionally, ABP1 intervention reduces the recruitment of neutrophils and the polarization of M1 macrophages and limits inflammation by blocking the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, the role of ABP1 in regulating the gut microbiota was confirmed via antibiotic treatment. The omics data reveals that ABP1 reprograms gut microbiota compositions, characterized by a decrease of Proteobacteria and an increase of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae, especially the SCFA-producing genera such as Ligilactobacillus and Blautia. Overall, this work highlights the therapeutic potential of ABP1 against intestinal I/R injury, which mainly exhibits its effects via regulating the gut microbiota and suppressing the overactivated inflammation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Zhao
- Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nankai University Affiliated Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Fei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nankai University Affiliated Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nankai University Affiliated Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Jiajia Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nankai University Affiliated Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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Wen C, Geervliet M, de Vries H, Fabà L, den Hil PJRV, Skovgaard K, Savelkoul HFJ, Schols HA, Wells JM, Tijhaar E, Smidt H. Agaricus subrufescens fermented rye affects the development of intestinal microbiota, local intestinal and innate immunity in suckling-to-nursery pigs. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:24. [PMID: 37041617 PMCID: PMC10088699 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agaricus subrufescens is considered as one of the most important culinary-medicinal mushrooms around the world. It has been widely suggested to be used for the development of functional food ingredients to promote human health ascribed to the various properties (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities). In this context, the interest in A. subrufescens based feed ingredients as alternatives for antibiotics has also been fuelled during an era of reduced/banned antibiotics use. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a fermented feed additive -rye overgrown with mycelium (ROM) of A. subrufescens-on pig intestinal microbiota, mucosal gene expression and local and systemic immunity during early life. Piglets received ROM or a tap water placebo (Ctrl) perorally every other day from day 2 after birth until 2 weeks post-weaning. Eight animals per treatment were euthanized and dissected on days 27, 44 and 70. RESULTS The results showed ROM piglets had a lower inter-individual variation of faecal microbiota composition before weaning and a lower relative abundance of proteobacterial genera in jejunum (Undibacterium and Solobacterium) and caecum (Intestinibacter and Succinivibrionaceae_UCG_001) on day 70, as compared to Ctrl piglets. ROM supplementation also influenced gut mucosal gene expression in both ileum and caecum on day 44. In ileum, ROM pigs showed increased expression of TJP1/ZO1 but decreased expression of CLDN3, CLDN5 and MUC2 than Ctrl pigs. Genes involved in TLR signalling (e.g., TICAM2, IRAK4 and LY96) were more expressed but MYD88 and TOLLIP were less expressed in ROM pigs than Ctrl animals. NOS2 and HIF1A involved in redox signalling were either decreased or increased in ROM pigs, respectively. In caecum, differentially expressed genes between two groups were mainly shown as increased expression (e.g., MUC2, PDGFRB, TOLLIP, TNFAIP3 and MYD88) in ROM pigs. Moreover, ROM animals showed higher NK cell activation in blood and enhanced IL-10 production in ex vivo stimulated MLN cells before weaning. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results suggest that ROM supplementation in early life modulates gut microbiota and (local) immune system development. Consequently, ROM supplementation may contribute to improving health of pigs during the weaning transition period and reducing antibiotics use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifang Wen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirelle Geervliet
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo de Vries
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lluís Fabà
- Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J Roubos-van den Hil
- Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- DSM Food and Beverages - Fresh Dairy, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Tijhaar
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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MALLARD MG. Un caso di COVID-19 curato con la micoterapia. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.20.04411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wang W, Liu M, Zhang M, Sun W, Zhang J, Jia L. Agaricus blazei Murill polysaccharides alleviate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses against liver and lung injury. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kim JH, Kim DH, Jo S, Cho MJ, Cho YR, Lee YJ, Byun S. Immunomodulatory functional foods and their molecular mechanisms. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1-11. [PMID: 35079119 PMCID: PMC8787967 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system comprises a complex group of processes that provide defense against diverse pathogens. These defenses can be divided into innate and adaptive immunity, in which specific immune components converge to limit infections. In addition to genetic factors, aging, lifestyle, and environmental factors can influence immune function, potentially affecting the susceptibility of the host to disease-causing agents. Chemical compounds in certain foods have been shown to regulate signal transduction and cell phenotypes, ultimately impacting pathophysiology. Research has shown that the consumption of specific functional foods can stimulate the activity of immune cells, providing protection against cancer, viruses, and bacteria. Here, we review a number of functional foods reported to strengthen immunity, including ginseng, mushrooms, chlorella, and probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum). We also discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating the activity of various types of immune cells. Identifying immune-enhancing functional foods and understanding their mechanisms of action will support new approaches to maintain proper health and combat immunological diseases. Evidence is building to support the idea that specific ‘functional foods’ can stimulate the activity of cells and signaling systems of the immune system to provide protection against cancer, viruses and bacteria. Sanguine Byun and colleagues at Yonsei University in Seoul, South Korea, review research into a range of functional foods, foods thought to have health benefits beyond their nutritional value. These include ginseng, mushrooms, the green algae called Chlorella and the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum. They also consider individual components of foods such as poly-gamma-glutamate, a natural polymer made by bacteria. A wide body of research is revealing diverse molecular mechanisms through which biochemicals in functional foods can modulate different aspects of the immune system. These include effects on both non-specific innate immunity and adaptive immunity, which targets specific invading pathogens and diseased cells.
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de Groot N, Fariñas F, Fabà L, Hambrecht E, Cabrera-Gómez CG, Pallares FJ, Ramis G. Fermented rye with Agaricus subrufescens and mannan-rich hydrolysate based feed additive to modulate post-weaning piglet immune response. Porcine Health Manag 2021; 7:60. [PMID: 34886904 PMCID: PMC8656036 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-021-00241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process of weaning in piglets is often associated with an increased inflammation response in the intestine and compromised intestinal integrity and morphology, favoring a delay in intestinal maturation and a predisposal to diseases. Research has shown the potential of different nutritional strategies to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with the main goal to manipulate health and performance of pigs. Promising examples of nutritional strategies are fungal fermented products and their derivatives which are described to contain several compounds that may play a role in gastrointestinal health and pathogenic bacteria control. Products from Agaricus subrufescens mushroom are reported to contain prophylactic and therapeutic properties including antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. RESULTS This study analysed the post-weaning immune status in intestinal tissue and blood of piglets, with the objective to evaluate the gastrointestinal health and immune modulation response induced by a blend of mannan-rich hydrolyzed copra meal and fermented rye with A. subrufescens. Intestinal histomorphology demonstrated a villus height reduction in jejunum and increase in ileum on day 15, while increased villous height in jejunum and ileum on day 30. The results showed that in post-weaning piglets, the feed additive stimulates an immunomodulation effect most evident at 15 days post-weaning, with significant lower expression of cytokines Interferon (IFN) γ, Interleukin (IL) 1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) β in jejunum, accompanied with an increase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cytokine gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p35 (IL-12α), IL-12p40 (IL-12β), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) α, IFN-α, and TGF-β. In piglets fed the feed additive, the quantity of Immunoglobulin (Ig) A producing cells in jejunum, ileum was reduced on day 15 and 30 post-weaning, and on day 30 and 45 post-weaning in colon tissue. Natural Killer (NK) cells count in blood were increased on day 15 post-weaning in the piglets fed the feed additive. CONCLUSION This study implies the potential of the blend including mannan-rich hydrolyzed copra meal and fermented rye with A. subrufescens on immune modulation in the intestine of post-weaning piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke de Groot
- Trouw Nutrition Innovation, Amersfoort, 3811 MH, The Netherlands.
- Dpto. Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Fernando Fariñas
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lluís Fabà
- Trouw Nutrition Innovation, Amersfoort, 3811 MH, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Hambrecht
- Trouw Nutrition Innovation, Amersfoort, 3811 MH, The Netherlands
| | | | - Francisco J Pallares
- Dpto. Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Ramis
- Dpto. Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Takeda K, Okumura K. Nicotinamide mononucleotide augments the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells in young and elderly mice. Biomed Res 2021; 42:173-179. [PMID: 34544993 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.42.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) intermediate, has been shown to ameliorate various pathologies in elderly mouse disease models. Natural killer (NK) cells are important innate immune cells; however, their functions decline with aging. In this study, we examined the effect of NMN treatment on NK cells in mice. Intraperitoneal administration of NMN augmented NK cell cytotoxic activity in both young and elderly B6 mice as well as young BALB/c mice. Oral administration of NMN also increased NK cell cytotoxicity in elderly B6 and BALB/c mice. However, the NK cell population was not increased in the mice whose NK cell cytotoxic activity was activated by NMN. Interestingly, NMN administration did not augment NK cell cytotoxic activity in IFN-γ deficient mice. These results suggest that NMN administration augments NK cell cytotoxic activity, but not cell number, in a manner dependent on IFN-γ in both young and elderly mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University.,Department of Biofunctional Micribiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University
| | - Ko Okumura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University.,Department of Biofunctional Micribiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University.,Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University
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Lin MH, Lee KM, Hsu CY, Peng SY, Lin CN, Chen CC, Fan CK, Cheng PC. Immunopathological effects of Agaricus blazei Murill polysaccharides against Schistosoma mansoni infection by Th1 and NK1 cells differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:502-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Takeda K, Nagamatsu K, Okumura K. A water-soluble derivative of propolis augments the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 218:51-58. [PMID: 29496576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis, a resinous material collected from numerous plants by honeybees, has historically been used as a health-promoting food. Recently, due to its potential anti-tumor effects, use of propolis has been proposed as an adjuvant therapy to chemotherapy; however, the effects of propolis on immune responses remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we examined the effects of the oral ingestion of propolis on natural killer (NK) cell activity, which is important in immune surveillance against cancer and viral infections. In addition, we assessed the effects of the major components of the water-soluble powder derivative of propolis (WPP). MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 (B6) wild-type (WT) and RAG 2-deficient (RAG-/-) mice and BALB/c WT, interferon (IFN)-γ-deficient (IFN-γ-/-), IFN-γ receptor-deficient (IFN-γR-/-) and RAG-/- mice were orally administered WPP or its major components. NK cell populations and cytotoxic activity were then examined by flow cytometry and 51Cr release assay, respectively. RESULTS While the cytotoxic activity of NK cells was increased following administration of 100 mg/kg/day of WPP for 7 days or 200 or 500 mg/kg/day of WPP for 4 days in WT mice, the proportions of NK cell populations were unaltered. Similar activation of NK cell cytotoxicity was observed when RAG-/-, but not IFN-γ-/- or IFN-γR-/-, mice were orally administered 200 mg/kg/day of WPP for 4 days. Oral ingestion of artepillin C or p-coumaric acid, but not drupanin, augmented NK cell cytotoxicity in a manner similar to WPP and to the mixture of these three components. CONCLUSION These results suggest that oral ingestion of WPP enhances NK cell cytotoxic activity, but not proliferation, in a manner dependent on IFN-γ and without the contribution of acquired immune responses. Further, artepillin C or p-coumaric acid, but not drupanin, may be the components responsible for this augmentation of NK cell cytotoxicity. These findings suggest the possible utility of WPP as a therapeutic for prevention of cancer development and against viral infection through NK cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Katashi Nagamatsu
- Morikawa Kenkodo Co., Ltd., 2170 Taguchi, Kousa-machi, Kamimashiki-gun, Kumamoto 861-4616, Japan.
| | - Ko Okumura
- Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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Lima CU, Gris EF, Karnikowski MG. Antimicrobial properties of the mushroom Agaricus blazei – integrative review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Takeda K, Sasaki K, Okumura K. Extract of metabolic products of
Bacillus subtilis AK
augments natural killer cell cytotoxic activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/tkm2.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University Tokyo Japan
- Department of Biofunctional Micribiota, Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University Tokyo Japan
| | - Katsumi Sasaki
- Medical Corporation of Keikoh‐Kai Ohshiro Clinic Tokyo Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Department of Biofunctional Micribiota, Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University Tokyo Japan
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University Tokyo Japan
- Department of Immunology Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
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Species difference in reactivity to lignin-like enzymatically polymerized polyphenols on interferon-γ synthesis and involvement of interleukin-2 production in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:443-9. [PMID: 27376855 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that lignin-like polymerized polyphenols can activate innate immune systems. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether these polymerized polyphenols could activate leukocytes from different murine strains. Splenocytes from 12 mouse strains were investigated. Our results revealed species differences in reactivity to phenolic polymers on interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release. Mice that possessed the H2(a) or H2(k) haplotype antigens were the highly responsive strains. To clarify these different points in soluble factors, multiplex cytokine profiling analysis was carried out and we identified interleukin (IL)-2 as a key molecule for IFN-γ induction by polymerized polyphenols. Furthermore, inhibition of IL-2 and IL-2Rα by neutralizing antibodies significantly decreased cytokine production in the highly responsive mice strains. Our results indicate that species difference in reactivity to phenolic polymers is mediated by adequate release of IL-2 and its receptor, IL-2Rα.
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Natural killer cells enhance the immune surveillance of cancer. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Drori A, Shabat Y, Ben Ya'acov A, Danay O, Levanon D, Zolotarov L, Ilan Y. Extracts from Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) Edible Mushrooms Enriched with Vitamin D Exert an Anti-Inflammatory Hepatoprotective Effect. J Med Food 2016; 19:383-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Drori
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yehudit Shabat
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ami Ben Ya'acov
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Danay
- Migal, Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmone, Israel
| | - Dan Levanon
- Migal, Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmone, Israel
| | - Lidya Zolotarov
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Makino S, Sato A, Goto A, Nakamura M, Ogawa M, Chiba Y, Hemmi J, Kano H, Takeda K, Okumura K, Asami Y. Enhanced natural killer cell activation by exopolysaccharides derived from yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:915-923. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Stefanello FS, Cavalheiro CP, Ludtke FL, Silva MSD, Milani LIG, Kubota EH. Efeito da extração de compostos fenólicos sobre a atividade antioxidante e antibacteriana in vitro de cogumelo-do-sol. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000522014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO: O cogumelo-do-sol (Agaricus blazei Murril) é amplamente consumido, por conta de suas propriedades medicinais. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a atividade antioxidante e antibacteriana in vitro dos extratos de cogumelo do sol, mediante diferentes tempos e temperaturas de extração. As amostras foram analisadas quanto à composição centesimal, determinação do teor de fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante e antibacteriana in vitro. Os resultados demonstram que esse tipo de cogumelo aparece como um agente antioxidante potencial, obtendo-se melhores resultados na temperatura de 70ºC durante 60 minutos de extração hidroetanólica. Esse extrato não aponta atividade antibacteriana para os micro-organismos em teste.
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Kang IS, Kim RI, Kim GS, Kim NR, Shin JY, Kim C. Effects of Agaricus blazei Murill Water Extract on Immune Response in BALB/c Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.11.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Interferon-γ-Mediated Natural Killer Cell Activation by an Aqueous Panax ginseng Extract. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:603198. [PMID: 26649061 PMCID: PMC4663324 DOI: 10.1155/2015/603198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Panax ginseng extracts are used in traditional herbal medicines, particularly in eastern Asia, but their effect on natural killer (NK) cell activity is not completely understood. This study aimed to examine the effects of P. ginseng extracts on the cytotoxic activity of NK cells. We orally administered P. ginseng extracts or ginsenosides to wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 (B6) and BALB/c mice and to B6 mice deficient in either recombination activating gene 2 (RAG-2) or interferon-γ (IFN-γ). We then tested the cytotoxic activity of NK cells (of spleen and liver mononuclear cells) against NK-sensitive YAC-1 cells. Oral administration of P. ginseng aqueous extract augmented the cytotoxicity of NK cells in WT B6 and BALB/c mice and in RAG-2-deficient B6 mice, but not in IFN-γ-deficient B6 mice. This effect was only observed with the aqueous extract of P. ginseng. Interestingly, the ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 did not augment NK cell cytotoxicity. These results demonstrated that the aqueous P. ginseng extract augmented NK cell activation in vivo via an IFN-γ-dependent pathway.
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhu X, Wang Y, Liu W, Gong W. Polysaccharide Agaricus blazei Murill stimulates myeloid derived suppressor cell differentiation from M2 to M1 type, which mediates inhibition of tumour immune-evasion via the Toll-like receptor 2 pathway. Immunology 2015; 146:379-91. [PMID: 26194418 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulate in tumor-bearing animals and play a critical negative role during tumor immunotherapy. Strategies for inhibition of MDSCs are expected to improve cancer immunotherapy. Polysaccharide Agaricus blazei Murill (pAbM) has been found to have anti-cancer activity, but the underlying mechanism of this is poorly understood. Here, pAbM directly activated the purified MDSCs through inducing the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, tumour necrosis factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), CD86, MHC II, and pSTAT1 of it, and only affected natural killer and T cells in the presence of Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) monocytic MDSCs. On further analysis, we demonstrated that pAbM could selectively block the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signal of Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) MDSCs and increased their M1-type macrophage characteristics, such as producing IL-12, lowering expression of Arginase 1 and increasing expression of iNOS. Extensive study showed that Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) MDSCs by pAbM treatment had less ability to convert the CD4(+) CD25(-) cells into CD4(+) CD25(+) phenotype. Moreover, result from selective depletion of specific cell populations in xenograft mice model suggested that the anti-tumour effect of pAbM was dependent on Gr-1(+ ) CD11b(+) monocytes, nether CD8(+) T cells nor CD4(+) T cells. In addition to, pAbM did not inhibit tumour growth in TLR2(-/-) mice. All together, these results suggested that pAbM, a natural product commonly used for cancer treatment, was a specific TLR2 agonist and had potent anti-tumour effects through the opposite of the suppressive function of Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Department of Obsterics and Gynaecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, XiangYang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, XiangYang, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Department of Oncology, XiangYang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, XiangYang, China
| | - WenWei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, XiangYang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, XiangYang, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Oncology, XiangYang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, XiangYang, China
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Kim YS, Sayers TJ, Colburn NH, Milner JA, Young HA. Impact of dietary components on NK and Treg cell function for cancer prevention. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:669-78. [PMID: 25845339 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An important characteristic of cancer is that the disease can overcome the surveillance of the immune system. A possible explanation for this resistance arises from the ability of tumor cells to block the tumoricidal activity of host immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells by inducing the localized accumulation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Evidence exists that components in commonly consumed foods including vitamins A, D, and E, water-soluble constituents of mushrooms, polyphenolics in fruits and vegetables, and n-3 fatty acids in fish oil can modulate NK cell activities, Treg cell properties, and the interactions between those two cell types. Thus, it is extremely important for cancer prevention to understand the involvement of dietary components with the early stage dynamics of interactions among these immune cells. This review addresses the potential significance of diet in supporting the function of NK cells, Treg cells, and the balance between those two cell types, which ultimately results in decreased cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young S Kim
- Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Thomas J Sayers
- Frederick National Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Nancy H Colburn
- Frederick National Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - John A Milner
- Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Howard A Young
- Frederick National Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
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Ike K, Kameyama N, Ito A, Imai S. Induction of a T-Helper 1 (Th1) immune response in mice by an extract from the Pleurotus eryngii (Eringi) mushroom. J Med Food 2012; 15:1124-8. [PMID: 23134464 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the effect of edible mushroom extracts on the induction of T-helper 1 (Th1) immunity, we examined differences in interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-4 production in mice induced by hot-water extracts of 15 species of edible mushroom. Extracts from Agaricus bisporus, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Lentinula edodes, and Lyophyllum decastes induced both IFN-γ and IL-4 production in mice, whereas extracts from Pleurotus ostreatus only induced IL-4. In contrast, extracts from Agaricus blazei, Grifola frondosa, Morchella esculenta, Pholiota nameko, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, and Pleurotus eryngii induced only IFN-γ production. In particular, the extract from P. eryngii induced high levels of IFN-γ and reduced levels of IL-4. We further investigated the use of a trial immunogen using the P. eryngii extract as a Th1 immunostimulator. An oil-in-water emulsion of the hot-water extract from P. eryngii (immunostimulator) and ovalbumin (OVA; antigen) was used as a trial immunogen. This immunogen induced strong OVA-specific IgG2a antibody production in mice compared with the negative controls. In addition, OVA-specific IgG1 antibody levels were lower than those for the negative controls. Marked increases in serum IFN-γ levels and high-level production of IFN-γ in the culture supernatant from the CD4(+) spleen cells in the trial immunogen group mice were observed. Our results suggested that the hot-water extract from P. eryngii induced Th1 immunity by acting as an immunostimulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Ike
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Yamanaka D, Tada R, Adachi Y, Ishibashi KI, Motoi M, Iwakura Y, Ohno N. Agaricus brasiliensis-derived β-glucans exert immunoenhancing effects via a dectin-1-dependent pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:311-9. [PMID: 22878139 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Agaricus brasiliensis is a well-known medicinal mushroom. We have previously demonstrated that Agaricus-derived polysaccharides exhibit potent antitumor effects; however, the underlying mechanism(s) have not been elucidated yet. In this study, we examined the immunoenhancing activities of Agaricus extracts. Agaricus-derived polysaccharides were characterized as 1,6-β-glucan with a small amount of 1,3-β-glucan using anti-β-glucan antibody and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. These polysaccharides strongly induced the production of various cytokines from both murine splenocytes and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in the presence of exogenous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Polysaccharide-induced cytokine production was significantly reduced in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells derived from dectin-1-deficient mice. Furthermore, a binding assay revealed that the Agaricus-derived polysaccharides can be recognized by dectin-1, a pivotal receptor for 1,3-β-glucan. Taken together, our results clearly indicate that the immunostimulation induced by Agaricus-derived polysaccharides is exerted, at least in part, via dectin-1 in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamanaka
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Zhang CR, Lin JC, Xu WM, Li M, Ye HS, Cui WL, Lin Q. Interleukin-12 and interleukin-2 alone or in combination against the infection in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis mouse model. Mycoses 2012; 56:117-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2012.02220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yamanaka D, Tamiya Y, Motoi M, Ishibashi KI, Miura NN, Adachi Y, Ohno N. The effect of enzymatically polymerised polyphenols on CD4 binding and cytokine production in murine splenocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36025. [PMID: 22540016 PMCID: PMC3335072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-molecular weight polymerised polyphenols have been shown to exhibit anti-influenza virus, anti-HIV, and anti-cancer activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulating activities of enzymatically polymerised polyphenols, and to clarify the underlying mechanisms of their effects. The cytokine-inducing activity of the enzymatically polymerised polyphenols derived from caffeic acid (CA), ferulic acid (FA), and p-coumaric acid (CoA) was investigated using murine splenocytes. Polymerised polyphenols, but not non-polymerised polyphenols, induced cytokine synthesis in murine splenocytes. Polymerised polyphenols induced several cytokines in murine splenocytes, with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) being the most prominent. The underlying mechanisms of the effects of the polymerised polyphenols were then studied using neutralising antibodies and fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Our results show that polymerised polyphenols increased IFN-γ and GM-CSF production in splenocytes. In addition, the anti-CD4 neutralised monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibited polymerised polyphenol-induced IFN-γ and GM-CSF secretion. Moreover, polymerised polyphenols bound directly to a recombinant CD4 protein, and FACS analysis confirmed that interaction occurs between polymerised polyphenols and CD4 molecules expressed on the cell surface. In this study, we clearly demonstrated that enzymatic polymerisation confers immunoactivating potential to phenylpropanoic acids, and CD4 plays a key role in their cytokine-inducing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Wisitrassameewong K, Karunarathna SC, Thongklang N, Zhao R, Callac P, Moukha S, Férandon C, Chukeatirote E, Hyde KD. Agaricus subrufescens: A review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2012; 19:131-46. [PMID: 23961172 PMCID: PMC3730566 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms have currently become a hot issue due to their various therapeutic properties. Of these, Agaricus subrufescens, also known as the "almond mushroom", has long been valued by many societies (i.e., Brazil, China, France, and USA). Since its discovery in 1893, this mushroom has been cultivated throughout the world, especially in Brazil where several strains of A. subrufescens have been developed and used as health food and alternative medicine. This article presents up-to-date information on this mushroom including its taxonomy and health promoting benefits. Medicinal properties of A. subrufescens are emphasized in several studies which are reviewed here. In addition, safety issues concerning the use of this fungus will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komsit Wisitrassameewong
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - Samantha C. Karunarathna
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | | | - Ruilin Zhao
- Faculty of Biology Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Bailongsi, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Philippe Callac
- INRA, UR1264, Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments, BP81, 33883 Villenave d Ornon, France
| | - Serge Moukha
- INRA, UR1264, Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments, BP81, 33883 Villenave d Ornon, France
- Department of Toxicology, UFR des Sciences, Pharmaceutiques-Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Férandon
- Department of Toxicology, UFR des Sciences, Pharmaceutiques-Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | | | - Kevin D. Hyde
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
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Lima CUJO, Souza VC, Morita MC, Chiarello MD, de Oliveira Karnikowski MG. Agaricus blazei Murrill and Inflammatory Mediators in Elderly Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Scand J Immunol 2012; 75:336-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yamanaka D, Motoi M, Ishibashi KI, Miura NN, Adachi Y, Ohno N. Effect of Agaricus brasiliensis-derived cold water extract on Toll-like receptor 2-dependent cytokine production in vitro. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 34:561-70. [PMID: 22126586 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.633526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Agaricus brasiliensis (Agaricus blazei Murrill) is well known as a medicinal mushroom. Fruit body of A. brasiliensis is rich in β-glucan and has shown benefits for various diseases. Both hot and cold water extraction are traditional methods for intake of this mushroom extract. In the present study, we prepared cold water extract of the fruit body of A. brasiliensis (ACWS). The 1,3-β-glucan segment of this fraction was too small and did not interact with the 1,3-β-glucan receptor, dectin-1. However, ACWS could induce production of various cytokines including IL-6 from murine splenocytes. Therefore, we aimed to identify the receptor that modulates IL-6 production using ACWS. We focused our attention on Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and examined them as follows. (i) The interaction between TLRs and ACWS was screened using HEK293 cells transfected with TLR plasmid. (ii) IL-6 production from splenocytes induced by ACWS was inhibited by treatment of anti-TLR antibodies. (iii) Direct binding activity between TLR protein and ACWS was assessed by ELISA-like assay. ACWS was found to activate HEK293 cells via TLR2, 4 and 5. However, only anti-TLR2 monoclonal antibody suppressed IL-6 production from splenocytes. In addition, ACWS has the ability to bind directly to TLR2 protein. Accordingly, we suggest that fruit body of A. brasiliensis has some water-soluble TLR ligand complexes, and TLR2 on splenocytes strongly induces IL-6 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamanaka
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Chunchao H, Guo JY. A Hypothesis: Supplementation with Mushroom-Derived Active Compound Modulates Immunity and Increases Survival in Response to Influenza Virus (H1N1) Infection. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:252501. [PMID: 21660092 PMCID: PMC3096471 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesize that the mushroom-derived active compound may be a potential strategy for increasing survival in response to influenza virus (H1N1) infection through the stimulation of host innate immune response. The validity of the hypothesis can be tested by immune response to influenza infection as seen through survival percentage, virus clearance, weight loss, natural killer cell cytotoxicity, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels, lytic efficiency in the spleens of mice and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expressions in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. The hypothesis may improve people's quality of life, reduce the medical cost of our healthcare system and eliminate people's fears of influenza outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chunchao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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Lima CUJO, Cordova CODA, Nóbrega ODT, Funghetto SS, Karnikowski MGDO. Does the Agaricus blazei Murill mushroom have properties that affect the immune system? An integrative review. J Med Food 2010; 14:2-8. [PMID: 21128829 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a significant increase in the use of mushrooms for therapeutic and medicinal purposes, in particular, use of the species Agaricus blazei Murrill, a basidiomycota of Brazilian origin. The objective of this study was to identify scientific evidence regarding the influence of A. blazei Murrill on the immune system. We undertook an integrative review of indexed publications published between 2000 and 2009, using the following question as a guideline: "What evidence can be found in the literature regarding the influence of A. blazei Murrill on the immune system?" Fourteen studies verified that there is in vitro and in vivo research demonstrating this mushroom's influence on the immune system. All research was characterized as evidence level 7 (preclinical study [animals/in vitro]). The research shows that A. blazei Murrill functions through bioactive compounds via mechanisms that are not yet entirely clear, although it has been shown that they promote action on the innate and adaptive immunological response, activation of the complement system, and synthesis of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and even aid in diapedesis. Despite broad scientific evidence demonstrating relevant immunomodulatory properties of A. blazei Murrill, randomized clinical trials with human subjects are still needed in order for the mushroom to be put into clinical practice.
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Ramberg JE, Nelson ED, Sinnott RA. Immunomodulatory dietary polysaccharides: a systematic review of the literature. Nutr J 2010; 9:54. [PMID: 21087484 PMCID: PMC2998446 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large body of literature suggests that certain polysaccharides affect immune system function. Much of this literature, however, consists of in vitro studies or studies in which polysaccharides were injected. Their immunologic effects following oral administration is less clear. The purpose of this systematic review was to consolidate and evaluate the available data regarding the specific immunologic effects of dietary polysaccharides. METHODS Studies were identified by conducting PubMed and Google Scholar electronic searches and through reviews of polysaccharide article bibliographies. Only articles published in English were included in this review. Two researchers reviewed data on study design, control, sample size, results, and nature of outcome measures. Subsequent searches were conducted to gather information about polysaccharide safety, structure and composition, and disposition. RESULTS We found 62 publications reporting statistically significant effects of orally ingested glucans, pectins, heteroglycans, glucomannans, fucoidans, galactomannans, arabinogalactans and mixed polysaccharide products in rodents. Fifteen controlled human studies reported that oral glucans, arabinogalactans, heteroglycans, and fucoidans exerted significant effects. Although some studies investigated anti-inflammatory effects, most studies investigated the ability of oral polysaccharides to stimulate the immune system. These studies, as well as safety and toxicity studies, suggest that these polysaccharide products appear to be largely well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Taken as a whole, the oral polysaccharide literature is highly heterogenous and is not sufficient to support broad product structure/function generalizations. Numerous dietary polysaccharides, particularly glucans, appear to elicit diverse immunomodulatory effects in numerous animal tissues, including the blood, GI tract and spleen. Glucan extracts from the Trametes versicolor mushroom improved survival and immune function in human RCTs of cancer patients; glucans, arabinogalactans and fucoidans elicited immunomodulatory effects in controlled studies of healthy adults and patients with canker sores and seasonal allergies. This review provides a foundation that can serve to guide future research on immune modulation by well-characterized polysaccharide compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Ramberg
- Mannatech™, Incorporated, 600 S, Royal Lane, Suite 200, Coppell, TX 75019 USA.
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Mahmoud ME, Hesham AEL, Ahmed YAG, Sayed M. Inhibition of melanogenesis by the extract from Agaricus blazei without affecting iNOS gene expression. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nagao M, Sato T, Akimoto N, Kato Y, Takahashi M, Ito A. Augmentation of sebaceous lipogenesis by an ethanol extract ofGrifola frondosa(Maitake mushroom) in hamstersin vivoandin vitro. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:730-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Ziliotto L, Pinheiro F, Barbisan LF, Rodrigues MAM. Screening for in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of the mushroom Agaricus blazei. Nutr Cancer 2009; 61:245-50. [PMID: 19235041 DOI: 10.1080/01635580802395717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the in vitro antitumor activity of the mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill on human cancer cell lines as well as its potential anticancer activity in a model of rat colon carcinogenesis. The in vitro anticancer analysis was performed using 9 human cancer cell lines incubated with organic and aqueous extracts of A. blazei. Antitumor activity was observed with the dichloromethane/methanol and hexanic extracts of A. blazei at 250 mu g/ml for all cancer cell lines tested. No antiproliferative/cytotoxic activities were detected for the aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate, or n-butanolic extracts. In the in vivo analysis, crude A. blazei was given orally after carcinogen treatment in a rat medium-term study (20 weeks) of colon carcinogenesis using aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as biomarker. Male Wistar rats were given dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and then were fed A. blazei at 5% in the diet until Week 20. ACF were scored for number and crypt multiplicity. A. blazei intake did not suppress ACF development or crypt multiplicity induced by DMH. No differences in tumor incidence in the colon were observed among the DMH-treated groups. Our results indicate that employing A. blazei in the diet does not have a suppressive effect on colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane Ziliotto
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP/São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ellertsen LK, Hetland G. An extract of the medicinal mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill can protect against allergy. Clin Mol Allergy 2009; 7:6. [PMID: 19416507 PMCID: PMC2688003 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7961-7-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM) is an edible Brazilian mushroom that has been used in traditional medicine for a range of diseases. It has been shown to have anti-infection and anti-tumor properties in the mouse, which are due to induction of Th1 responses. On the other hand, IgE-mediated allergy is induced by a Th2 response. Objective Since according to the Th1/Th2 paradigm an increased Th1 response may promote a reduced Th2 response, the aim was to examine whether AbM had anti-allergy effects. Methods A mouse model for allergy was employed, in which the mice were immunized s.c. with the model allergen ovalbumin (OVA). Additionally, the animals were given a mushroom extract, AndoSan™, mainly (82%) containing AbM, but also Hericium erinaceum (15%) and Grifola frondosa (3%), or PBS p.o. either a day before or 19 days after the immunization. The mice were sacrificed on day 26, and anti-OVA IgE (Th2 response) and IgG2a (Th1 response) antibodies were examined in serum and Th1, Th2 and Treg cytokines in spleen cells cultures. Results It was found that the AndoSan™ extract both when given either before or after OVA immunization reduced the levels of anti-OVA IgE, but not IgG2a, in the mice. There was a tendency to reduced Th2 relative to Th1 cytokine levels in the AndoSan™ groups. Conclusion This particular AbM extract may both prevent allergy development and be used as a therapeutical substance against established allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda K Ellertsen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway.
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Lu MC, Hwang SL, Chang FR, Chen YH, Chang TT, Hung CS, Wang CL, Chu YH, Pan SH, Wu YC. Immunostimulatory effect of Antrodia camphorata extract on functional maturation of dendritic cells. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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36
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Yu S, Weaver V, Martin K, Cantorna MT. The effects of whole mushrooms during inflammation. BMC Immunol 2009; 10:12. [PMID: 19232107 PMCID: PMC2649035 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of edible mushrooms has been suggested to improve health. A number of isolated mushroom constituents have been shown to modulate immunity. Five commonly consumed edible mushrooms were tested to determine whether whole mushrooms stimulate the immune system in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The white button (WB) extracts readily stimulated macrophage production of TNF-alpha. The crimini, maitake, oyster and shiitake extracts also stimulated TNF-alpha production in macrophage but the levels were lower than from WB stimulation. Primary cultures of murine macrophage and ovalbumin (OVA) specific T cells showed that whole mushroom extracts alone had no effect on cytokine production but co-stimulation with either lipopolysaccharide or OVA (respectively) induced TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-1beta while decreasing IL-10. Feeding mice diets that contained 2% WB mushrooms for 4 weeks had no effect on the ex vivo immune responsiveness or associated toxicity (changes in weight or pathology of liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tract). Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) stimulation of mice that were fed 1% WB mushrooms were protected from DSS induced weight loss. In addition, 2% WB feeding protected the mice from transient DSS induced colonic injury. The TNF-alpha response in the colon and serum of the DSS challenged and 2% WB fed mice was higher than controls. CONCLUSION The data support a model whereby edible mushrooms regulate immunity in vitro. The in vivo effects of edible mushrooms required a challenge with DSS to detect small changes in TNF-alpha and transient protection from colonic injury. There are modest effects of in vivo consumption of edible mushrooms on induced inflammatory responses. The result is not surprising since it would certainly be harmful to strongly induce or suppress immune function following ingestion of a commonly consumed food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanhong Yu
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Ziliotto L, Barbisan LF, Rodrigues MAM. Lack of chemoprevention of dietary Agaricus blazei against rat colonic aberrant crypt foci. Hum Exp Toxicol 2008; 27:505-11. [PMID: 18784204 DOI: 10.1177/0960327108091862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The mushroom Agaricus blazei (Ab) has been widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases including cancer. No information is available on its possible protective effects on the development of colon cancer. The potential blocking effect of Ab intake on the initiation stage of colon carcinogenesis was investigated in a short-term (4-week) bioassay using aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as biomarker. Male Wistar rats were given four subcutaneous injections of the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 40 mg/kg bw, twice a week), during 2 weeks to induce ACF. The diet containing Ab at 5% was given 2 weeks before and during carcinogen treatment to investigate the potential beneficial effects of this edible mushroom on DMH-induced ACF. All groups were killed at the end of the fourth week. The colons were analyzed for ACF formation in 1% methylene blue whole-mount preparations and for cell proliferation in histological sections immunohistochemically stained for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). All DMH-treated rats developed ACF mainly in the middle and distal colon. Agaricus blazei intake at 5% did not alter the number of ACF induced by DMH or the PCNA indices in the colonic mucosa. Thus, the results of the present study did not confirm a chemopreventive activity of Ab on the initiation stage of rat colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ziliotto
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Hetland G, Johnson E, Lyberg T, Bernardshaw S, Tryggestad AMA, Grinde B. Effects of the Medicinal MushroomAgaricus blazeiMurill on Immunity, Infection and Cancer. Scand J Immunol 2008; 68:363-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2008.02156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sugita K, Kabashima K, Tokura Y. Agaricus blazei Murill augments keratinocyte production of bioactive cytokines capable of promoting antigen-presenting capacity. J Dermatol 2008; 35:373-6. [PMID: 18578718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2008.00488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Borchers AT, Krishnamurthy A, Keen CL, Meyers FJ, Gershwin ME. The immunobiology of mushrooms. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008; 233:259-76. [PMID: 18296732 DOI: 10.3181/0708-mr-227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been enormous interest in the biologic activity of mushrooms and innumerable claims have been made that mushrooms have beneficial effects on immune function with subsequent implications for inhibition of tumor growth. The majority of these observations are anecdotal and often lack standardization. However, there remains considerable data on both in vitro and in vivo effects that reflect on the potential of mushroom compounds to influence human immunity. A number of these effects are beneficial but, unfortunately, many responses are still characterized based on phenomenology and there is more speculation than substance. With respect to tumor biology, although many neoplastic lesions are immunogenic, tumor antigens frequently are self antigens and induce tolerance and many patients with cancer exhibit suppressed immune responses, including defective antigen presentation. Therefore, if and when mushroom extracts are effective, they more likely function as a result of improved antigen presentation by dendritic cells than by a direct cytopathic effect. In this review we attempt to place these data in perspective, with a particular focus on dendritic cell populations and the ability of mushroom extracts to modulate immunity. There is, at present, no scientific basis for the use of either mushrooms or mushroom extracts in the treatment of human patients but there is significant potential for rigorous research to understand the potential of mushrooms in human disease and thence to focus on appropriate clinical trials to demonstrate effectiveness and/ or potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea T Borchers
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 451 E. Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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