1
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Mandviwala AS, Huckriede ALW, Arankalle VA, Patil HP. Mucosal delivery of a prefusogenic-F, glycoprotein, and matrix proteins-based virus-like particle respiratory syncytial virus vaccine induces protective immunity as evidenced by challenge studies in mice. Virology 2024; 598:110194. [PMID: 39096774 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
RSV infection remains a serious threat to the children all over the world, especially, in the low-middle income countries. Vaccine delivery via the mucosa holds great potential for inducing local immune responses in the respiratory tract. Previously, we reported the development of highly immunogenic RSV virus-like-particles (RSV-VLPs) based on the conformationally stable prefusogenic-F protein (preFg), glycoprotein and matrix protein. Here, to explore whether mucosal delivery of RSV-VLPs is an effective strategy to induce RSV-specific mucosal and systemic immunity, RSV-VLPs were administered via the nasal, sublingual and pulmonary routes to BALB/c mice. The results demonstrate that immunization with the VLPs via the mucosal routes induced minimal mucosal response and yet facilitated modest levels of serum IgG antibodies, enhanced T cell responses and the expression of the lung-homing marker CXCR3 on splenocytes. Immunization with VLPs via all three mucosal routes provided protection against RSV challenge with no signs of RSV induced pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmedali S Mandviwala
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Anke L W Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vidya A Arankalle
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Harshad P Patil
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.
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2
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Jiang AY, Witten J, Raji IO, Eweje F, MacIsaac C, Meng S, Oladimeji FA, Hu Y, Manan RS, Langer R, Anderson DG. Combinatorial development of nebulized mRNA delivery formulations for the lungs. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:364-375. [PMID: 37985700 PMCID: PMC10954414 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled delivery of mRNA has the potential to treat a wide variety of diseases. However, nebulized mRNA lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) face several unique challenges including stability during nebulization and penetration through both cellular and extracellular barriers. Here we develop a combinatorial approach addressing these barriers. First, we observe that LNP formulations can be stabilized to resist nebulization-induced aggregation by altering the nebulization buffer to increase the LNP charge during nebulization, and by the addition of a branched polymeric excipient. Next, we synthesize a combinatorial library of ionizable, degradable lipids using reductive amination, and evaluate their delivery potential using fully differentiated air-liquid interface cultured primary lung epithelial cells. The final combination of ionizable lipid, charge-stabilized formulation and stability-enhancing excipient yields a significant improvement in lung mRNA delivery over current state-of-the-art LNPs and polymeric nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Y Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Witten
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Idris O Raji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feyisayo Eweje
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Corina MacIsaac
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Meng
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Favour A Oladimeji
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yizong Hu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rajith S Manan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Mwema A, Gratpain V, Ucakar B, Vanvarenberg K, Perdaens O, van Pesch V, Muccioli GG, des Rieux A. Impact of calcitriol and PGD 2-G-loaded lipid nanocapsules on oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and remyelination. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01535-8. [PMID: 38366115 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in need of a curative treatment. MS research has recently focused on the development of pro-remyelinating treatments and neuroprotective therapies. Here, we aimed at favoring remyelination and reducing neuro-inflammation in a cuprizone mouse model of brain demyelination using nanomedicines. We have selected lipid nanocapsules (LNC) coated with the cell-penetrating peptide transactivator of translation (TAT), loaded with either a pro-remyelinating compound, calcitriol (Cal-LNC TAT), or an anti-inflammatory bioactive lipid, prostaglandin D2-glycerol ester (PGD2-G) (PGD2-G-LNC TAT). Following the characterization of these formulations, we showed that Cal-LNC TAT in combination with PGD2-G-LNC TAT increased the mRNA expression of oligodendrocyte differentiation markers both in the CG-4 cell line and in primary mixed glial cell (MGC) cultures. However, while the combination of Cal-LNC TAT and PGD2-G-LNC TAT showed promising results in vitro, no significant impact, in terms of remyelination, astrogliosis, and microgliosis, was observed in vivo in the corpus callosum of cuprizone-treated mice following intranasal administration. Thus, although calcitriol's beneficial effects have been abundantly described in the literature in the context of MS, here, we show that the different doses of calcitriol tested had a negative impact on the mice well-being and showed no beneficial effect in the cuprizone model in terms of remyelination and neuro-inflammation, alone and when combined with PGD2-G-LNC TAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Mwema
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viridiane Gratpain
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Ucakar
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Vanvarenberg
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Océane Perdaens
- Cellular and Molecular Division, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 53, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Cellular and Molecular Division, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 53, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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4
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Heida R, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Inhalation of vaccines and antiviral drugs to fight respiratory virus infections: reasons to prioritize the pulmonary route of administration. mBio 2023; 14:e0129523. [PMID: 37768057 PMCID: PMC10653782 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01295-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the current pandemic threats are caused by viruses that infect the respiratory tract. Remarkably though, the majority of vaccines and antiviral drugs are administered via alternative routes. In this perspective, we argue that the pulmonary route of administration deserves more attention in the search for novel therapeutic strategies against respiratory virus infections. Firstly, vaccines administered at the viral portal of entry can induce a broader immune response, employing the mucosal arm of the immune system; secondly, direct administration of antiviral drugs at the target site leads to superior bioavailability, enabling lower dosing and reducing the chance of side effects. We further elaborate on why the pulmonary route may induce a superior effect compared to the intranasal route of administration and provide reasons why dry powder formulations for inhalation have significant advantages over standard liquid formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Heida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W. Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter L. J. Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Jeyanathan M, Afkhami S, Kang A, Xing Z. Viral-vectored respiratory mucosal vaccine strategies. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 84:102370. [PMID: 37499279 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global concerns of pandemic respiratory viruses highlight the importance of developing optimal vaccination strategies that encompass vaccine platform, delivery route, and regimens. The decades-long effort to develop vaccines to combat respiratory infections such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and tuberculosis has met with challenges, including the inability of systemically administered vaccines to induce respiratory mucosal (RM) immunity. In this regard, ample preclinical and available clinical studies have demonstrated the superiority of RM vaccination to induce RM immunity over parenteral route of vaccination. A great stride has been made in developing vaccines for RM delivery against respiratory pathogens, including M. tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2. In particular, inhaled aerosol delivery of adenoviral-vectored vaccines has shown significant promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sam Afkhami
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alisha Kang
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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6
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Zhai LN, Zhao Y, Song XL, Qin TT, Zhang ZJ, Wang JZ, Sui CY, Zhang LL, Lv M, Hu LF, Zhou DS, Fang TY, Yang WH, Wang YC. Inhalable vaccine of bacterial culture supernatant extract mediates protection against fatal pulmonary anthrax. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2191741. [PMID: 36920800 PMCID: PMC10071900 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2191741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPulmonary anthrax is the most fatal clinical form of anthrax and currently available injectable vaccines do not provide adequate protection against it. Hence, next-generation vaccines that effectively induce immunity against pulmonary anthrax are urgently needed. In the present study, we prepared an attenuated and low protease activity Bacillus anthracis strain A16R-5.1 by deleting five of its extracellular protease activity-associated genes and its lef gene through the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system. This mutant strain was then used to formulate a lethal toxin (LeTx)-free culture supernatant extract (CSE) anthrax vaccine,of which half was protective antigen (PA). We generated liquid, powder, and powder reconstituted formulations that could be delivered by aerosolized intratracheal inoculation. All of them induced strong humoral, cellular, and mucosal immune responses. The vaccines also produced LeTx neutralizing antibodies and conferred full protection against the lethal aerosol challenges of B. anthracis Pasteur II spores in mice. Compared to the recombinant PA vaccine, the CSE anthrax vaccine with equal PA content provided superior immunoprotection against pulmonary anthrax. The preceding results suggest that the CSE anthrax vaccine developed herein is suitable and scalable for use in inhalational immunization against pulmonary anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.,Basic medical college, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tong-Tong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Meng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ling-Fei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tong-Yu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wen-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
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7
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He X, Chen X, Wang H, Du G, Sun X. Recent advances in respiratory immunization: A focus on COVID-19 vaccines. J Control Release 2023; 355:655-674. [PMID: 36787821 PMCID: PMC9937028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of vaccines has always been an essential task worldwide since vaccines are regarded as powerful weapons in protecting the global population. Although the vast majority of currently authorized human vaccinations are administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, exploring novel routes of immunization has been a prominent area of study in recent years. This is particularly relevant in the face of pandemic diseases, such as COVID-19, where respiratory immunization offers distinct advantages, such as inducing systemic and mucosal responses to prevent viral infections in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts and also leading to higher patient compliance. However, the development of respiratory vaccines confronts challenges due to the physiological barriers of the respiratory tract, with most of these vaccines still in the research and development stage. In this review, we detail the structure of the respiratory tract and the mechanisms of mucosal immunity, as well as the obstacles to respiratory vaccination. We also examine the considerations necessary in constructing a COVID-19 respiratory vaccine, including the dosage form of the vaccines, potential excipients and mucosal adjuvants, and delivery systems and devices for respiratory vaccines. Finally, we present a comprehensive overview of the COVID-19 respiratory vaccines currently under clinical investigation. We hope this review can provide valuable insights and inspiration for the future development of respiratory vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hairui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangsheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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8
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Yang H, Xie Y, Li C. Understanding the mechanisms for COVID-19 vaccine's protection against infection and severe disease. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:186-192. [PMID: 36715150 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2174529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and employed in the fight against the pandemic. However, these vaccines have limited long-term effectiveness against severe cases and a decreased ability to prevent mild disease. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the relevant factors influencing the efficacy of the vaccines against mild and severe infection, analyzes the possible underlying mechanisms contributing to the different outcomes in terms of vaccine function and disease progression, and proposes improvements for the next generation of vaccines. EXPERT OPINION The reduced efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine in the prevention of viral infection is closely related to the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants and their rapid transmission ability. Fundamentally, the immune responses induced by COVID-19 vaccines cannot effectively halt virus replication in the upper respiratory tract because only a limited number of specific antibodies reach these areas and decrease in concentration over time. However, the established immune response can provide sufficient protection against severe diseases by blocking viral infection of the lower respiratory tract or lung owing to sufficient antibody repertoires and memory responses. Considering this situation, future COVID-19 vaccines should have the potential to replenish the mucosal immune response in the respiratory tract to prevent viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Yang
- Divsion of respiratory virus vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Changgui Li
- Divsion of respiratory virus vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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9
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Mucosal immunization with a delta-inulin adjuvanted recombinant spike vaccine elicits lung-resident immune memory and protects mice against SARS-CoV-2. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1405-1415. [PMID: 36411332 PMCID: PMC9676795 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates have been approved for use and have had a major impact on the COVID-19 pandemic. There remains, however, a significant need for vaccines that are safe, easily transportable and protective against infection, as well as disease. Mucosal vaccination is favored for its ability to induce immune memory at the site of infection, making it appealing for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine strategies. In this study we performed in-depth analysis of the immune responses in mice to a subunit recombinant spike protein vaccine formulated with the delta-inulin adjuvant Advax when administered intratracheally (IT), versus intramuscular delivery (IM). Both routes produced robust neutralizing antibody titers (NAb) and generated sterilizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2. IT delivery, however, produced significantly higher systemic and lung-local NAb that resisted waning up to six months post vaccination, and only IT delivery generated inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT), a site of lymphocyte antigen presentation and proliferation. This was coupled with robust and long-lasting lung tissue-resident memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that were not observed in IM-vaccinated mice. This study provides a detailed view of the lung-resident cellular response to IT vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrates the importance of delivery site selection in the development of vaccine candidates.
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10
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Elkhatib WF, Abdelkareem SS, Khalaf WS, Shahin MI, Elfadil D, Alhazmi A, El-Batal AI, El-Sayyad GS. Narrative review on century of respiratory pandemics from Spanish flu to COVID-19 and impact of nanotechnology on COVID-19 diagnosis and immune system boosting. Virol J 2022; 19:167. [PMID: 36280866 PMCID: PMC9589879 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of the highly lethal severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-2) as corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) reminded us of the history of other pandemics that happened in the last century (Spanish flu) and stayed in the current century, which include Severe-Acute-Respiratory-Syndrome (SARS), Middle-East-Respiratory-Syndrome (MERS), Corona Virus 2019 (COVID-19). We review in this report the newest findings and data on the origin of pandemic respiratory viral diseases, reservoirs, and transmission modes. We analyzed viral adaption needed for host switch and determinants of pathogenicity, causative factors of pandemic viruses, and symptoms and clinical manifestations. After that, we concluded the host factors associated with pandemics morbidity and mortality (immune responses and immunopathology, ages, and effect of pandemics on pregnancy). Additionally, we focused on the burdens of COVID-19, non-pharmaceutical interventions (quarantine, mass gatherings, facemasks, and hygiene), and medical interventions (antiviral therapies and vaccines). Finally, we investigated the nanotechnology between COVID-19 analysis and immune system boosting (Nanoparticles (NPs), antimicrobial NPs as antivirals and immune cytokines). This review presents insights about using nanomaterials to treat COVID-19, improve the bioavailability of the abused drugs, diminish their toxicity, and improve their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid F Elkhatib
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
| | - Shereen S Abdelkareem
- Department of Alumni, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Entertainment Area, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa S Khalaf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Mona I Shahin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Tymaa, Tabuk University, Tymaa, 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dounia Elfadil
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Alaa Alhazmi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I El-Batal
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Jeyanathan V, Afkhami S, D’Agostino MR, Zganiacz A, Feng X, Miller MS, Jeyanathan M, Thompson MR, Xing Z. Differential Biodistribution of Adenoviral-Vectored Vaccine Following Intranasal and Endotracheal Deliveries Leads to Different Immune Outcomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860399. [PMID: 35757753 PMCID: PMC9231681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases of the respiratory tract are one of the top causes of global morbidity and mortality with lower respiratory tract infections being the fourth leading cause of death. The respiratory mucosal (RM) route of vaccine delivery represents a promising strategy against respiratory infections. Although both intranasal and inhaled aerosol methods have been established for human application, there is a considerable knowledge gap in the relationship of vaccine biodistribution to immune efficacy in the lung. Here, by using a murine model and an adenovirus-vectored model vaccine, we have compared the intranasal and endotracheal delivery methods in their biodistribution, immunogenicity and protective efficacy. We find that compared to intranasal delivery, the deepened and widened biodistribution in the lung following endotracheal delivery is associated with much improved vaccine-mediated immunogenicity and protection against the target pathogen. Our findings thus support further development of inhaled aerosol delivery of vaccines over intranasal delivery for human application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidthiya Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sam Afkhami
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael R. D’Agostino
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Zganiacz
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Xueya Feng
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew S. Miller
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael R. Thompson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Zhou Xing,
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12
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Masjedi M, Montahaei T, Sharafi Z, Jalali A. Pulmonary vaccine delivery: An emerging strategy for vaccination and immunotherapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Vatzia E, Allen ER, Manjegowda T, Morris S, McNee A, Martini V, Kaliath R, Ulaszewska M, Boyd A, Paudyal B, Carr VB, Chrun T, Maze E, MacLoughlin R, van Diemen PM, Everett HE, Lambe T, Gilbert SC, Tchilian E. Respiratory and Intramuscular Immunization With ChAdOx2-NPM1-NA Induces Distinct Immune Responses in H1N1pdm09 Pre-Exposed Pigs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:763912. [PMID: 34804053 PMCID: PMC8595216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need to develop superior influenza vaccines that provide broader protection. Influenza vaccines are traditionally tested in naive animals, although humans are exposed to influenza in the first years of their lives, but the impact of prior influenza exposure on vaccine immune responses has not been well studied. Pigs are an important natural host for influenza, are a source of pandemic viruses, and are an excellent model for human influenza. Here, we investigated the immunogenicity of the ChAdOx2 viral vectored vaccine, expressing influenza nucleoprotein, matrix protein 1, and neuraminidase in H1N1pdm09 pre-exposed pigs. We evaluated the importance of the route of administration by comparing intranasal, aerosol, and intramuscular immunizations. Aerosol delivery boosted the local lung T-cell and antibody responses, while intramuscular immunization boosted peripheral blood immunity. These results will inform how best to deliver vaccines in order to harness optimal protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Vatzia
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth R Allen
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tanuja Manjegowda
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Morris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam McNee
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Martini
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Reshma Kaliath
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Boyd
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Basudev Paudyal
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica B Carr
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Tiphany Chrun
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Maze
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Helen E Everett
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)-Weybridge, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elma Tchilian
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
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14
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Heida R, Hinrichs WL, Frijlink HW. Inhaled vaccine delivery in the combat against respiratory viruses: a 2021 overview of recent developments and implications for COVID-19. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 21:957-974. [PMID: 33749491 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1903878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As underlined by the late 2019 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccination remains the cornerstone of global health-care. Although vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 are being developed at a record-breaking pace, the majority of those that are licensed or currently registered in clinical trials are formulated as an injectable product, requiring a tightly regulated cold-chain infrastructure, and primarily inducing systemic immune responses. AREAS COVERED Here, we shed light on the status of inhaled vaccines against viral pathogens, providing background to the role of the mucosal immune system and elucidating what factors determine an inhalable vaccine's efficacy. We also discuss whether the development of an inhalable powder vaccine formulation against SARS-CoV-2 could be feasible. The review was conducted using relevant studies from PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. EXPERT OPINION We believe that the scope of vaccine research should be broadened toward inhalable dry powder formulations since dry vaccines bear several advantages. Firstly, their dry state can tremendously increase vaccine stability and shelf-life. Secondly, they can be inhaled using disposable inhalers, omitting the need for trained health-care personnel and, therefore, facilitating mass-vaccination campaigns. Thirdly, inhalable vaccines may provide improved protection since they can induce an IgA-mediated mucosal immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Heida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Lj Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Ochsner SP, Li W, Rajendrakumar AM, Palaniyandi S, Acharya G, Liu X, Wang G, Krammer F, Shi M, Tuo W, Pauza CD, Zhu X. FcRn-Targeted Mucosal Vaccination against Influenza Virus Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1310-1321. [PMID: 34380652 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory tract is constantly exposed to various airborne pathogens. Most vaccines against respiratory infections are designed for the parenteral routes of administration; consequently, they provide relatively minimal protection in the respiratory tract. A vaccination strategy that aims to induce the protective mucosal immune responses in the airway is urgently needed. The FcRn mediates IgG Ab transport across the epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract. By mimicking this natural IgG transfer, we tested whether FcRn delivers vaccine Ags to induce a protective immunity to respiratory infections. In this study, we designed a monomeric IgG Fc fused to influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) Ag with a trimerization domain. The soluble trimeric HA-Fc were characterized by their binding with conformation-dependent HA Abs or FcRn. In wild-type, but not FcRn knockout, mice, intranasal immunization with HA-Fc plus CpG adjuvant conferred significant protection against lethal intranasal challenge with influenza A/PR/8/34 virus. Further, mice immunized with a mutant HA-Fc lacking FcRn binding sites or HA alone succumbed to lethal infection. Protection was attributed to high levels of neutralizing Abs, robust and long-lasting B and T cell responses, the presence of lung-resident memory T cells and bone marrow plasma cells, and a remarkable reduction of virus-induced lung inflammation. Our results demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that FcRn can effectively deliver a trimeric viral vaccine Ag in the respiratory tract and elicit potent protection against respiratory infection. This study further supports a view that FcRn-mediated mucosal immunization is a platform for vaccine delivery against common respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Park Ochsner
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Weizhong Li
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Arunraj Mekhemadhom Rajendrakumar
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.,Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD
| | - Senthilkumar Palaniyandi
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Gyanada Acharya
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Gefei Wang
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and
| | - Meiqing Shi
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Wenbin Tuo
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD
| | | | - Xiaoping Zhu
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD;
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16
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Ivanov V, Oomens AGP, Papin JF, Staats R, Reuter DN, Yu Z, Piedra PA, Wellliver RC. Intranasal and intrapulmonary vaccination with an M protein-deficient respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine improves clinical signs and reduces viral replication in infant baboons after an RSV challenge infection. Vaccine 2021; 39:4063-4071. [PMID: 34140172 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major viral respiratory pathogen for human infants and children. Despite a severe global burden incurred by annual RSV epidemics, there is no licensed RSV vaccine. We have developed an RSV vaccine from a human RSV strain from which the gene for the viral M protein has been deleted ("Mnull RSV"). RSV infects airway cells and produces each of its proteins. The M protein is responsible for reassembling the various other synthesized viral proteins into new, intact virus. In the absence of the M protein, therefore, reassembly does not occur, and the Mnull RSV does not replicate. We vaccinated 2-week old infant baboons with Mnull RSV either intranasally (IN) or directly into the lung (intratracheal, or IT), then infected these animals by inoculating human RSV directly into the lung. IN vaccination induced inconsistent serum RSV neutralizing antibody (NA) responses, but provided moderate reductions in respiratory rates, overall signs of illness and viral replication in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid following infection. Intratracheal vaccination induced much stronger RSV NA responses, which persisted for at least 4-6 months. Following RSV infection, animals vaccinated by the IT route had much greater reductions in tachypnea and work of breathing than animals vaccinated IN, and had undetectable amounts of virus in BAL fluids. These results support the further development of IT Mnull RSV vaccination to reduce the impact of RSV infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Ivanov
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 North Lindsay Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Antonius G P Oomens
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Room 258 McElroy Hall, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA.
| | - James F Papin
- Division of Comparative Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Rachel Staats
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 North Lindsay Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Darlene N Reuter
- Division of Comparative Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Zhongxin Yu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 North Lindsay Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Pedro A Piedra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor University, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Robert C Wellliver
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 North Lindsay Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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17
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Loira-Pastoriza C, Vanvarenberg K, Ucakar B, Machado Franco M, Staub A, Lemaire M, Renauld JC, Vanbever R. Encapsulation of a CpG oligonucleotide in cationic liposomes enhances its local antitumor activity following pulmonary delivery in a murine model of metastatic lung cancer. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120504. [PMID: 33753161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy brings new hope to the fight against lung cancer. General immunostimulatory agents represent an immunotherapy strategy that has demonstrated efficacy with limited toxicity when delivered intratumorally. The goal of this study was to enhance the antitumor efficacy of unmethylated oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) double-stranded RNA following their local delivery in lung cancer by encapsulating them in liposomes. Liposomes encapsulation of nucleic acids could increase their uptake by lung phagocytes and thereby the activation of toll-like receptors within endosomes. Liposomes were prepared using a cationic lipid, dioleoyltrimethylammoniumpropane (DOTAP), and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the main phospholipid in lung surfactant. The liposomes permanently entrapped CpG but could not efficiently withhold poly I:C. Both poly I:C and CpG delayed tumor growth in the murine B16F10 model of metastatic lung cancer. However, only CpG increased IFN-γ levels in the lungs. Pulmonary administration of CpG was superior to its intraperitoneal injection to slow the growth of lung metastases and to induce the production of granzyme B, a pro-apoptotic protein, and IFNγ, MIG and RANTES, T helper type 1 cytokines and chemokines, in the lungs. These antitumor activities of CpG were strongly enhanced by CpG encapsulation in DOTAP/DPPC liposomes. Delivery of low CpG doses to the lungs induced increased inflammation markers in the airspaces but the inflammation did not reach the systemic compartment in a significant manner. These data support the use of a delivery carrier to strengthen CpG antitumor activity following its pulmonary delivery in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Loira-Pastoriza
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Vanvarenberg
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Ucakar
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Machado Franco
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Staub
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Muriel Lemaire
- UCLouvain, de Duve Institute, Experimental Medicine Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Rita Vanbever
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium.
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18
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Martini V, Hinchcliffe M, Blackshaw E, Joyce M, McNee A, Beverley P, Townsend A, MacLoughlin R, Tchilian E. Distribution of Droplets and Immune Responses After Aerosol and Intra-Nasal Delivery of Influenza Virus to the Respiratory Tract of Pigs. Front Immunol 2020; 11:594470. [PMID: 33193445 PMCID: PMC7653178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that local immune responses and tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) are critical for protection against respiratory infections but there is little information on the contributions of upper and lower respiratory tract (URT and LRT) immunity. To provide a rational basis for designing methods for optimal delivery of vaccines to the respiratory tract in a large animal model, we investigated the distribution of droplets generated by a mucosal atomization device (MAD) and two vibrating mesh nebulizers (VMNs) and the immune responses induced by delivery of influenza virus by MAD in pigs. We showed that droplets containing the drug albuterol, a radiolabel (99mTc-DTPA), or a model influenza virus vaccine (S-FLU) have similar aerosol characteristics. 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy showed that VMNs deliver droplets with uniform distribution throughout the lungs as well as the URT. Surprisingly MAD administration (1ml/nostril) also delivered a high proportion of the dose to the lungs, albeit concentrated in a small area. After MAD administration of influenza virus, antigen specific T cells were found at high frequency in nasal turbinates, trachea, broncho-alveolar lavage, lungs, tracheobronchial nodes, and blood. Anti-influenza antibodies were detected in serum, BAL and nasal swabs. We conclude that the pig is useful for investigating optimal targeting of vaccines to the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Martini
- Department of Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom.,Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elaine Blackshaw
- Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adam McNee
- Department of Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Daphne Jackson Road, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Beverley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Townsend
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elma Tchilian
- Department of Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
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19
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Abstract
Mucosal surfaces represent important routes of entry into the human body for the majority of pathogens, and they constitute unique sites for targeted vaccine delivery. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are emerging technologies for delivering and improving the efficacy of mucosal vaccines. Recent studies have provided new insights into formulation and delivery aspects of importance for the design of safe and efficacious mucosal subunit vaccines based on nanoparticles. These include novel nanomaterials, their physicochemical properties and formulation approaches, nanoparticle interaction with immune cells in the mucosa, and mucosal immunization and delivery strategies. Here, we present recent progress in the application of nanoparticle-based approaches for mucosal vaccine delivery and discuss future research challenges and opportunities in the field.
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20
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Tomar J, Tonnis WF, Patil HP, de boer AH, Hagedoorn P, Vanbever R, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WL. Pulmonary immunization: deposition site is of minor relevance for influenza vaccination but deep lung deposition is crucial for hepatitis B vaccination. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1231-1240. [PMID: 31867168 PMCID: PMC6900555 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination via the pulmonary route could be an attractive alternative to parenteral administration. Research towards the best site of antigen deposition within the lungs to induce optimal immune responses has conflicting results which might be dependent on the type of vaccine and/or its physical state. Therefore, in this study, we explored whether deep lung deposition is crucial for two different vaccines, i.e., influenza and hepatitis B vaccine. In view of this, influenza subunit vaccine and hepatitis B surface antigen were labeled with a fluorescent dye and then spray-dried. Imaging data showed that after pulmonary administration to mice the powders were deposited in the trachea/central airways when a commercially available insufflator was used while deep lung deposition was achieved when an in-house built aerosol generator was used. Immunogenicity studies revealed that comparable immune responses were induced upon trachea/central airways or deep lung targeting of dry influenza vaccine formulations. However, for hepatitis B vaccine, no immune responses were induced by trachea/central airways deposition whereas they were considerable after deep lung deposition. Thus, we conclude that deep lung targeting is not a critical parameter for the efficacy of pulmonary administered influenza vaccine whereas for hepatitis B vaccine it is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Tomar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter F. Tonnis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Harshad P. Patil
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Anne H. de boer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Hagedoorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Rita Vanbever
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Henderik W. Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter L.J. Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +31 050 363 2398.
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21
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Tomar J, Patil HP, Bracho G, Tonnis WF, Frijlink HW, Petrovsky N, Vanbever R, Huckriede A, Hinrichs WLJ. Advax augments B and T cell responses upon influenza vaccination via the respiratory tract and enables complete protection of mice against lethal influenza virus challenge. J Control Release 2018; 288:199-211. [PMID: 30218687 PMCID: PMC7111335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Administration of influenza vaccines via the respiratory tract has potential benefits over conventional parenteral administration, inducing immunity directly at the site of influenza exposure as well as being needle free. In this study, we investigated the suitability of Advax™, a stable particulate polymorph of inulin, also referred to as delta inulin, as a mucosal adjuvant for whole inactivated influenza vaccine (WIV) administered either as a liquid or dry powder formulation. Spray freeze-drying produced Advax-adjuvanted WIV powder particles in a size range (1-5 μm) suitable for inhalation. The physical and biological characteristics of both WIV and Advax remained unaltered both by admixing WIV with Advax and by spray freeze drying. Upon intranasal or pulmonary immunization, both liquid and dry powder formulations containing Advax induced significantly higher systemic, mucosal and cellular immune responses than non-adjuvanted WIV formulations. Furthermore, pulmonary immunization with Advax-adjuvanted WIV led to robust memory B cell responses along with an increase of lung localization factors i.e. CXCR3, CD69, and CD103. A less pronounced but still positive effect of Advax was seen on memory T cell responses. In contrast to animals immunized with WIV alone, all animals pulmonary immunized with a single dose of Advax-adjuvanted WIV were fully protected with no visible clinical symptoms against a lethal dose of influenza virus. These data confirm that Advax is a potent mucosal adjuvant that boosts vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immune responses both in the lung and systemically with major positive effects on B-cell memory and complete protection against live virus. Hence, respiratory tract immunization, particularly via the lungs, with Advax-adjuvanted WIV formulation as a liquid or dry powder is a promising alternative to parenteral influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Tomar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harshad P Patil
- Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Gustavo Bracho
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Wouter F Tonnis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Rita Vanbever
- Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Anke Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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22
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Bhide Y, Tomar J, Dong W, de Vries-Idema J, Frijlink HW, Huckriede A, Hinrichs WLJ. Pulmonary delivery of influenza vaccine formulations in cotton rats: site of deposition plays a minor role in the protective efficacy against clinical isolate of H1N1pdm virus. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:533-545. [PMID: 29451040 PMCID: PMC6058687 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1435748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of influenza vaccines to the lungs could be an attractive alternative to conventional parenteral administration. In this study, we investigated the deposition site of pulmonary delivered liquid and powder influenza vaccine formulations and its relation to their immunogenicity and protective efficacy. In vivo deposition studies in cotton rats revealed that, the powder formulation was mainly deposited in the trachea ( ∼ 65%) whereas the liquid was homogenously distributed throughout the lungs ( ∼ 96%). In addition, only 60% of the antigen in the powder formulation was deposited in the respiratory tract with respect to the liquid formulation. Immunogenicity studies showed that pulmonary delivered liquid and powder influenza formulations induced robust systemic and mucosal immune responses (significantly higher by liquids than by powders). When challenged with a clinical isolate of homologous H1N1pdm virus, all animals pulmonary administered with placebo had detectable virus in their lungs one day post challenge. In contrast, none of the vaccinated animals had detectable lung virus titers, except for two out of eight animals from the powder immunized group. Also, pulmonary vaccinated animals showed no or little signs of infection like increase in breathing frequency or weight loss upon challenge as compared to animals from the negative control group. In conclusion, immune responses induced by liquid formulation were significantly higher than responses induced by powder formulation, but the overall protective efficacy of both formulations was comparable. Thus, pulmonary immunization is capable of inducing protective immunity and the site of antigen deposition seems to be of minor relevance in inducing protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshita Bhide
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jasmine Tomar
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Wei Dong
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Vries-Idema
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huckriede
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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23
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Kanojia G, Have RT, Soema PC, Frijlink H, Amorij JP, Kersten G. Developments in the formulation and delivery of spray dried vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 13:2364-2378. [PMID: 28925794 PMCID: PMC5647985 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1356952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spray drying is a promising method for the stabilization of vaccines, which are usually formulated as liquids. Usually, vaccine stability is improved by spray drying in the presence of a range of excipients. Unlike freeze drying, there is no freezing step involved, thus the damage related to this step is avoided. The edge of spray drying resides in its ability for particles to be engineered to desired requirements, which can be used in various vaccine delivery methods and routes. Although several spray dried vaccines have shown encouraging preclinical results, the number of vaccines that have been tested in clinical trials is limited, indicating a relatively new area of vaccine stabilization and delivery. This article reviews the current status of spray dried vaccine formulations and delivery methods. In particular it discusses the impact of process stresses on vaccine integrity, the application of excipients in spray drying of vaccines, process and formulation optimization strategies based on Design of Experiment approaches as well as opportunities for future application of spray dried vaccine powders for vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kanojia
- a Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands.,b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Rimko Ten Have
- a Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | - Peter C Soema
- a Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | - Henderik Frijlink
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | | | - Gideon Kersten
- a Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands.,c Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands
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24
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Minz S, Pandey RS. Development of Adjuvanted Solid Fat Nanoemulsions for Pulmonary Hepatitis B Vaccination. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1701-1712. [PMID: 29454622 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary vaccination is one of the most promising routes for immunization owing to its noninvasive nature and induction of strong mucosal immunity and systemic response. In the present study, recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen loaded solid fat nanoemulsions (SFNs) as carrier system and monophosphoryl lipid A as an adjuvant-carrier system was prepared and evaluated as multiadjuvanted vaccine system for deep pulmonary vaccination. Deposition and clearance from the deep lung of rats were determined by gamma scintigraphy. Biodistribution of SFNs was determined by the live animal imaging system. SFNs dispersion showed slower clearance as compared with sodium pertechnetate control solution (∗∗∗p <0.001) from the pulmonary region due to the virtue of particulate and hydrophobic nature of formulations. Humoral (sIgA and IgG) and cellular (IL-2 and IF-γ) immune responses were found to be significant (∗∗∗p <0.001) when compared with naïve antigen (recombinant surface antigen without any excipient) solution. Data indicate that deep pulmonary immunization offers a stronger immune response with balanced humoral, mucosal, and cellular immunization, which further needs to be tested in higher animals to support this hypothesis for clinical translation of this so far neglected yet potential target tissue for immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Minz
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India 484887; SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India 495009
| | - Ravi Shankar Pandey
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India 495009.
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25
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Fate of PEGylated antibody fragments following delivery to the lungs: Influence of delivery site, PEG size and lung inflammation. J Control Release 2017; 272:62-71. [PMID: 29247664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary administration of anti-cytokine antibodies offers a targeted therapy in asthma. However, the rapid elimination of proteins from the lungs limits the efficacy of inhaled medications. PEGylation has been shown to increase the residence time of anti-interleukin (IL)-17A and anti-IL-13 antibody fragments in the lungs and to improve their therapeutic efficacy. Yet, little is known about the factors that affect the residence time of PEGylated antibody fragments in the lungs following pulmonary delivery. In this study, we showed that the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG), 20kDa or 40kDa, had a moderate effect on the residence time of an anti-IL-17A Fab' fragment in the lungs of mice. By contrast, the site of delivery of the anti-IL-17A and anti-IL-13 Fab' fragments within the lungs had a major impact on their residence time, with the deeper the delivery, the more prolonged the residence time. The nature of the Fab' fragment had an influence on its residence time as well and the anti-IL-17A Fab' benefited more from PEGylation than the anti-IL-13 Fab' did. Acute lung inflammation slightly shortened the residence time of the anti-IL-17A and anti-IL-13 Fab' fragments in the lungs but PEGylation was able to prolong their presence in both the healthy and inflamed lungs. Antibody fragments were predominately located within the airway lumen rather than the lung parenchyma. Transport experiments on monolayers of Calu-3 cells and studies of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in respiratory mucus showed that mechanisms involved in the prolonged presence of PEGylated Fab' in the airway lumen might include binding to the mucus, reduced uptake by respiratory cells and reduced transport across lung epithelia. Finally, using I125-labeled anti-IL-17A Fab', we showed that the protein fragment hardly penetrated into the lungs following subcutaneous injection, as opposed to pulmonary delivery.
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26
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Tchilian E, Holzer B. Harnessing Local Immunity for an Effective Universal Swine Influenza Vaccine. Viruses 2017; 9:v9050098. [PMID: 28475122 PMCID: PMC5454411 DOI: 10.3390/v9050098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus infections are a global health threat to humans and are endemic in pigs, contributing to decreased weight gain and suboptimal reproductive performance. Pigs are also a source of new viruses of mixed swine, avian, and human origin, potentially capable of initiating human pandemics. Current inactivated vaccines induce neutralising antibody against the immunising strain but rapid escape occurs through antigenic drift of the surface glycoproteins. However, it is known that prior infection provides a degree of cross-protective immunity mediated by cellular immune mechanisms directed at the more conserved internal viral proteins. Here we review new data that emphasises the importance of local immunity in cross-protection and the role of the recently defined tissue-resident memory T cells, as well as locally-produced, and sometimes cross-reactive, antibody. Optimal induction of local immunity may require aerosol delivery of live vaccines, but it remains unclear how long protective local immunity persists. Nevertheless, a universal vaccine might be extremely useful for disease prevention in the face of a pandemic. As a natural host for influenza A viruses, pigs are both a target for a universal vaccine and an excellent model for developing human influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elma Tchilian
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
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27
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PEGylation prolongs the pulmonary retention of an anti-IL-17A Fab’ antibody fragment after pulmonary delivery in three different species. Int J Pharm 2017; 521:120-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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28
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Morgan SB, Hemmink JD, Porter E, Harley R, Shelton H, Aramouni M, Everett HE, Brookes SM, Bailey M, Townsend AM, Charleston B, Tchilian E. Aerosol Delivery of a Candidate Universal Influenza Vaccine Reduces Viral Load in Pigs Challenged with Pandemic H1N1 Virus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:5014-23. [PMID: 27183611 PMCID: PMC4891568 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are a major health threat to livestock and humans, causing considerable mortality, morbidity, and economic loss. Current inactivated influenza vaccines are strain specific and new vaccines need to be produced at frequent intervals to combat newly arising influenza virus strains, so that a universal vaccine is highly desirable. We show that pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in which the hemagglutinin signal sequence has been suppressed (S-FLU), when administered to pigs by aerosol can induce CD4 and CD8 T cell immune responses in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Neutralizing Ab was not produced. Detection of a BAL response correlated with a reduction in viral titer in nasal swabs and lungs, following challenge with H1N1 pandemic virus. Intratracheal immunization with a higher dose of a heterologous H5N1 S-FLU vaccine induced weaker BAL and stronger tracheobronchial lymph node responses and a lesser reduction in viral titer. We conclude that local cellular immune responses are important for protection against influenza A virus infection, that these can be most efficiently induced by aerosol immunization targeting the lower respiratory tract, and that S-FLU is a promising universal influenza vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily Porter
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Harley
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Shelton
- The Pirbright Institute, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Aramouni
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Everett
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sharon M Brookes
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; and
| | - Michael Bailey
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom
| | - Alain M Townsend
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elma Tchilian
- The Pirbright Institute, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom;
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29
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Youngren-Ortiz SR, Gandhi NS, España-Serrano L, Chougule MB. Aerosol Delivery of siRNA to the Lungs. Part 1: Rationale for Gene Delivery Systems. KONA : POWDER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN JAPAN 2016; 33:63-85. [PMID: 27081214 PMCID: PMC4829385 DOI: 10.14356/kona.2016014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the pulmonary route of administration, aerosol delivery devices, characterization of pulmonary drug delivery systems, and discusses the rationale for inhaled delivery of siRNA. Diseases with known protein malfunctions may be mitigated through the use of siRNA therapeutics. The inhalation route of administration provides local delivery of siRNA therapeutics for the treatment of various pulmonary diseases, however barriers to pulmonary delivery and intracellular delivery of siRNA exists. siRNA loaded nanocarriers can be used to overcome the barriers associated with the pulmonary route, such as anatomical barriers, mucociliary clearance, and alveolar macrophage clearance. Apart from naked siRNA aerosol delivery, previously studied siRNA carrier systems comprise of lipidic, polymeric, peptide, or inorganic origin. Such siRNA delivery systems formulated as aerosols can be successfully delivered via an inhaler or nebulizer to the pulmonary region. Preclinical animal investigations of inhaled siRNA therapeutics rely on intratracheal and intranasal siRNA and siRNA nanocarrier delivery. Aerosolized siRNA delivery systems may be characterized using in vitro techniques, such as dissolution test, inertial cascade impaction, delivered dose uniformity assay, laser diffraction, and laser Doppler velocimetry. The ex vivo techniques used to characterize pulmonary administered formulations include the isolated perfused lung model. In vivo techniques like gamma scintigraphy, 3D SPECT, PET, MRI, fluorescence imaging and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics analysis may be used for evaluation of aerosolized siRNA delivery systems. The use of inhalable siRNA delivery systems encounters barriers to their delivery, however overcoming the barriers while formulating a safe and effective delivery system will offer unique advances to the field of inhaled medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne R. Youngren-Ortiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Nishant S. Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Laura España-Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Mahavir B. Chougule
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
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30
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Ciabattini A, Prota G, Christensen D, Andersen P, Pozzi G, Medaglini D. Characterization of the Antigen-Specific CD4(+) T Cell Response Induced by Prime-Boost Strategies with CAF01 and CpG Adjuvants Administered by the Intranasal and Subcutaneous Routes. Front Immunol 2015; 6:430. [PMID: 26379666 PMCID: PMC4551867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of heterologous prime-boost vaccine combinations that optimally shape the immune response is of critical importance for the development of next generation vaccines. Here, we tested different prime-boost combinations using the tuberculosis vaccine antigen H56 with CAF01 or CpG ODN 1826 adjuvants, administered by the parenteral and nasal routes. Using peptide-MHC class II tetramers, antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells were tracked following primary and booster immunizations. Both parenteral priming with H56 plus CAF01 and nasal priming with H56 plus CpG elicited significant expansion of CD4(+) tetramer-positive T cells in the spleen; however, only parenterally primed cells responded to booster immunization. Subcutaneous (SC) priming with H56 and CAF01 followed by nasal boosting with H56 and CpG showed the greater expansion of CD4(+) tetramer-positive T cells in the spleen and lungs compared to all the other homologous and heterologous prime-boost combinations. Nasal boosting exerted a recruitment of primed CD4(+) T cells into lungs that was stronger in subcutaneously than nasally primed mice, in accordance with different chemokine receptor expression induced by primary immunization. These data demonstrate that SC priming is fundamental for eliciting CD4(+) T cells that can be efficiently boosted by the nasal route and results in the recruitment of antigen-experienced cells into the lungs. Combination of different vaccine formulations and routes of delivery for priming and boosting is a strategic approach for improving and directing vaccine-induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Ciabattini
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Molecolare e Biotecnologia (LA.M.M.B.), Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Gennaro Prota
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Molecolare e Biotecnologia (LA.M.M.B.), Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department for Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Department for Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Gianni Pozzi
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Molecolare e Biotecnologia (LA.M.M.B.), Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Molecolare e Biotecnologia (LA.M.M.B.), Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena , Siena , Italy
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31
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Hokey DA, Wachholder R, Darrah PA, Bolton DL, Barouch DH, Hill K, Dheenadhayalan V, Schwander S, Godin CS, Douoguih M, Pau MG, Seder RA, Roederer M, Sadoff JC, Sizemore D. A nonhuman primate toxicology and immunogenicity study evaluating aerosol delivery of AERAS-402/Ad35 vaccine: Evidence for transient t cell responses in peripheral blood and robust sustained responses in the lungs. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:2199-210. [PMID: 25424923 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only licensed vaccine for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB), provides only limited protection against certain forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. While infection with Mtb can be treated with antibiotics, the therapy is expensive, toxic, and requires several months for treatment. In addition, the emergence of drug resistant strains limits the impact of antibiotics and underlines the importance of developing a more effective vaccine to control this disease. Given that pulmonary TB is the most common form of the disease, a vaccine capable of inducing lung-resident immunity may be advantageous for combating this infection. New advances in pulmonary delivery make this route of vaccination feasible and affordable. Here, we evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an aerosolized Ad35-based vaccine, AERAS-402, delivered to the lungs in nonhuman primates as part of a GLP acute and chronic toxicology and safety study. In this study, animals received three high doses (1 x 10(11) vp) of AERAS-402 by inhalation via a nebulizer at 1-week intervals. Aerosol delivery of AERAS-402 resulted in an increase in relative lung weights as well as microscopic findings in the lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, bronchus-associated lymphatic tissue, and the naso-oropharynx that were consistent with the induction of an immune response during the acute phase. These findings resolved by the chronic phase and were considered to be non-adverse. Furthermore, we observed transient vaccine-specific immune responses in the peripheral blood as well as sustained high-level polyfunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of vaccinated nonhuman primates. The data suggest that pulmonary delivery of Ad35-based vaccines can be safe and can induce potent lung-resident immunity.
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32
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Errea A, González Maciel D, Hiriart Y, Hozbor D, Rumbo M. Intranasal administration of TLR agonists induces a discriminated local innate response along murine respiratory tract. Immunol Lett 2015; 164:33-9. [PMID: 25637743 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvants are relevant for mucosal immunization in order to induce long lasting protective immunity. It has been shown that targeting to different regions of the airway results in different capacity to trigger adaptive/protective immunity. Nevertheless there is scarce knowledge regarding topological responsiveness along airways to TLR agonists. We analyzed the effects of intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), poly I:C and flagellin on the expression of a panel of innate response markers along murine airways by laser microdissection and RTqPCR. In all cases treatment induced recruitment of inflammatory cells to airways. However, regional gene expression indicated that whereas deeper airways (mainly alveoli) respond with high expression of IL6, CXCL1 and CXCL10, the response in conductive airways (bronchi and bronchioles) is dominated by expression of CCL20. On the other hand, triggering TLR3 elicits a response dominated by CXCL10, showing higher expression at 6h compared to 2h, whereas LPS and flagellin induce a response peaking at 2h and dominated by IL6 and CXCL1. The results presented here showed difference in topological response triggered by different TLR agonist. These results make the targeting of different sites of airways a variable to evaluate when selecting the appropriate combinations of TLR and vaccinal antigens for intranasal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Errea
- Instituto de Estudios en Inmunología y Fisiopatología (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Dolores González Maciel
- Instituto de Estudios en Inmunología y Fisiopatología (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Yanina Hiriart
- Instituto de Estudios en Inmunología y Fisiopatología (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniela Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Martin Rumbo
- Instituto de Estudios en Inmunología y Fisiopatología (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
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33
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Ross KA, Haughney SL, Petersen LK, Boggiatto P, Wannemuehler MJ, Narasimhan B. Lung deposition and cellular uptake behavior of pathogen-mimicking nanovaccines in the first 48 hours. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1071-7. [PMID: 24520022 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary immunization poses the unique challenge of balancing vaccine efficacy with minimizing inflammation in the respiratory tract. While previous studies have shown that mice immunized intranasally with F1-V-loaded polyanhydride nanoparticles are protected from a lethal challenge with Yersinia pestis, little is known about the initial interaction between the nanoparticles and immune cells following intranasal administration. Here, the deposition within the lung and internalization by phagocytic cells of polyanhydride nanovaccines encapsulating F1-V are compared with that of soluble F1-V alone or F1-V adjuvanted with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA). Encapsulation of F1-V into polyanhydride nanoparticles prolonged its presence while F1-V administered with MPLA is undetectable within 48 h. The inflammation induced by the polyanhydride nanovaccine is mild compared with the marked inflammation induced by the MPLA-adjuvanted F1-V. Even though F1-V delivered with saline is detected in the lung 48 h after administration, it is known that this regimen does not elicit a protective immune response. The prolonged F1-V presence in the lung in concert with the mild inflammatory response provided by the nanovaccine provides new insights into the development of protective immune responses with a single intranasal dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. Ross
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Shannon L. Haughney
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Latrisha K. Petersen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Paola Boggiatto
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Michael J. Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
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34
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Neuhaus V, Chichester JA, Ebensen T, Schwarz K, Hartman CE, Shoji Y, Guzmán CA, Yusibov V, Sewald K, Braun A. A new adjuvanted nanoparticle-based H1N1 influenza vaccine induced antigen-specific local mucosal and systemic immune responses after administration into the lung. Vaccine 2014; 32:3216-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Garg R, Latimer L, Gerdts V, Potter A, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S. Vaccination with the RSV fusion protein formulated with a combination adjuvant induces long-lasting protective immunity. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:1043-1054. [PMID: 24572813 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.062570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the primary causative agents of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in young children, in particular infants. Recently, we reported the protective efficacy of a RSV vaccine formulation consisting of a truncated version of the fusion (F) protein formulated with a Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist and an immunostimulatory peptide in a carrier system (ΔF/TriAdj). To evaluate the duration of immunity induced by this vaccine candidate, we carried out long-term trials. The ΔF was formulated with triple adjuvant (TriAdj) containing either polyinosinic : polycytidylic acid (polyI : C) or cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) and administered intranasally to mice. One year after the second vaccination all mice were challenged with RSV. Both ΔF/TriAdj formulations mediated the induction of high levels of IgG1, IgG2a and virus-neutralizing antibodies, and IgA in the lungs. Based on the numbers of IFN-γ- and IL-5-secreting cells in the spleen, the immune response was slightly T-helper cell type 1 (Th1)-biased. This was confirmed by the presence of F85-93-specific CD8(+) effector T cells in the lungs of both ΔF/TriAdj(polyI : C)- and ΔF/TriAdj(CpG)-immunized mice. Both ΔF/TriAdj formulations induced RSV-specific CD8(+) T cells. However, ΔF/TriAdj(polyI : C) generated significantly higher IgG affinity maturation and higher numbers of RSV-specific CD8(+) effector memory T cells in lungs and CD8(+) central memory T cells in spleen and lymph nodes than ΔF/TriAdj(CpG). After RSV challenge, no virus replication and no evidence of vaccine-induced pathology were detected in mice immunized with either of the ΔF/TriAdj formulations, demonstrating that the duration of immunity induced with these vaccines is at least one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Garg
- VIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - L Latimer
- VIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - V Gerdts
- VIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
- Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - A Potter
- VIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
- Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - S van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk
- VIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
- Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
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Evaluation of monophosphoryl lipid A as adjuvant for pulmonary delivered influenza vaccine. J Control Release 2013; 174:51-62. [PMID: 24269505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Prophylaxis against influenza could be improved by the development of a stable, easy to deliver, potent mucosal vaccine. In this study, we spray-freeze-dried (SFD) whole inactivated virus influenza vaccine (WIV) alone or supplemented with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) using inulin as a lyoprotectant. Physical characterization revealed that the SFD powder consisted of highly porous particles with a size distribution suitable for pulmonary administration. The receptor-binding properties of WIV and the immunostimulatory properties of MPLA were preserved after spray-freeze-drying as indicated by unchanged hemagglutination titers and a retained ability of the vaccine to activate NFkB after incubation with a reporter cell line, respectively. Pulmonary vaccination of mice with MPLA-adjuvanted liquid or powder WIV resulted in induction of higher mucosal and systemic antibody concentrations than vaccination with non-adjuvanted formulations. When exposed to influenza virus, mice immunized with MPLA-adjuvanted pulmonary vaccine showed similar protection in terms of reduction in lung virus titers and prevention of weight loss as mice immunized intramuscularly with subunit vaccine. Characterization of the antibody response revealed a balanced IgG2a-to-IgG1 profile along with induction of both memory IgA- and IgG-producing B cells in mice immunized with MPLA-adjuvanted vaccine. These studies suggest that the mucosal and systemic immune responses to pulmonary delivered influenza vaccines can be significantly enhanced by using MPLA as adjuvant. MPLA-adjuvanted SFD vaccine was particularly effective implying that delivery of adjuvanted vaccine powder to the lungs can be an attractive way of immunization against influenza.
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37
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Tyne AS, Chan JGY, Shanahan ER, Atmosukarto I, Chan HK, Britton WJ, West NP. TLR2-targeted secreted proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis are protective as powdered pulmonary vaccines. Vaccine 2013; 31:4322-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Liu H, Patil HP, de Vries-Idema J, Wilschut J, Huckriede A. Evaluation of mucosal and systemic immune responses elicited by GPI-0100- adjuvanted influenza vaccine delivered by different immunization strategies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69649. [PMID: 23936066 PMCID: PMC3729563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines for protection against respiratory infections should optimally induce a mucosal immune response in the respiratory tract in addition to a systemic immune response. However, current parenteral immunization modalities generally fail to induce mucosal immunity, while mucosal vaccine delivery often results in poor systemic immunity. In order to find an immunization strategy which satisfies the need for induction of both mucosal and systemic immunity, we compared local and systemic immune responses elicited by two mucosal immunizations, given either by the intranasal (IN) or the intrapulmonary (IPL) route, with responses elicited by a mucosal prime followed by a systemic boost immunization. The study was conducted in BALB/c mice and the vaccine formulation was an influenza subunit vaccine supplemented with GPI-0100, a saponin-derived adjuvant. While optimal mucosal antibody titers were obtained after two intrapulmonary vaccinations, optimal systemic antibody responses were achieved by intranasal prime followed by intramuscular boost. The latter strategy also resulted in the best T cell response, yet, it was ineffective in inducing nose or lung IgA. Successful induction of secretory IgA, IgG and T cell responses was only achieved with prime-boost strategies involving intrapulmonary immunization and was optimal when both immunizations were given via the intrapulmonary route. Our results underline that immunization via the lungs is particularly effective for priming as well as boosting of local and systemic immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Cell Line
- Drug Administration Routes
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Immunity/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal/immunology
- Immunization/methods
- Immunization, Secondary/methods
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Immunoglobulin A/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Saponins/administration & dosage
- Saponins/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harshad P. Patil
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Vries-Idema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Wilschut
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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39
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Mann JFS, McKay PF, Arokiasamy S, Patel RK, Tregoning JS, Shattock RJ. Mucosal application of gp140 encoding DNA polyplexes to different tissues results in altered immunological outcomes in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67412. [PMID: 23826293 PMCID: PMC3691144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that mucosally targeted vaccines will enhance local humoral and cellular responses whilst still eliciting systemic immunity. We therefore investigated the capacity of nasal, sublingual or vaginal delivery of DNA-PEI polyplexes to prime immune responses prior to mucosal protein boost vaccination. Using a plasmid expressing the model antigen HIV CN54gp140 we show that each of these mucosal surfaces were permissive for DNA priming and production of antigen-specific antibody responses. The elicitation of systemic immune responses using nasally delivered polyplexed DNA followed by recombinant protein boost vaccination was equivalent to a systemic prime-boost regimen, but the mucosally applied modality had the advantage in that significant levels of antigen-specific IgA were detected in vaginal mucosal secretions. Moreover, mucosal vaccination elicited both local and systemic antigen-specific IgG(+) and IgA(+) antibody secreting cells. Finally, using an Influenza challenge model we found that a nasal or sublingual, but not vaginal, DNA prime/protein boost regimen protected against infectious challenge. These data demonstrate that mucosally applied plasmid DNA complexed to PEI followed by a mucosal protein boost generates sufficient antigen-specific humoral antibody production to protect from mucosal viral challenge.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Administration, Intravaginal
- Administration, Sublingual
- Administration, Topical
- Animals
- Antibodies/immunology
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Female
- Glycoproteins/administration & dosage
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunoglobulin A/blood
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nasal Mucosa/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie F S Mann
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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40
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Tonnis WF, Lexmond AJ, Frijlink HW, de Boer AH, Hinrichs WLJ. Devices and formulations for pulmonary vaccination. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1383-97. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.810622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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41
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Todoroff J, Lemaire MM, Fillee C, Jurion F, Renauld JC, Huygen K, Vanbever R. Mucosal and systemic immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85A following its co-delivery with CpG, MPLA or LTB to the lungs in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63344. [PMID: 23675482 PMCID: PMC3651129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vaccination is a promising route for immunization against tuberculosis because the lung is the natural site of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Yet, adjuvants with a suitable safety profile need to be found to enhance mucosal immunity to recombinant antigens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity, the safety and the protective efficacy of a subunit vaccine composed of the immunodominant mycolyl-transferase antigen 85A (Ag85A) and one of three powerful mucosal adjuvants: the oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine motifs (CpG), the monophosphoryl lipid A of Salmonella minnesota (MPLA) or the B subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LTB). BALB/c mice were vaccinated in the deep lungs. Our results showed that lung administration of these adjuvants could specifically induce different types of T cell immunity. Both CpG and MPLA induced a Th-1 type immune response with significant antigen-specific IFN-γ production by spleen mononuclear cells in vitro and a tendency of increased IFN-γ in the lungs. Moreover, MPLA triggered a Th-17 response reflected by high IL-17A levels in the spleen and lungs. By contrast, LTB promoted a Th-2 biased immune response, with a production of IL-5 but not IFN-γ by spleen mononuclear cells in vitro. CpG did not induce inflammation in the lungs while LTB and MPLA showed a transient inflammation including a neutrophil influx one day after pulmonary administration. Pulmonary vaccination with Ag85A without or with MPLA or LTB tended to decrease bacterial counts in the spleen and lungs following a virulent challenge with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. In conclusion, CpG and MPLA were found to be potential adjuvants for pulmonary vaccination against tuberculosis, providing Th-1 and Th-17 immune responses and a good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Todoroff
- Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Muriel M. Lemaire
- de Duve Institute, Experimental Medicine Unit, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels branch, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Fillee
- Department of Clinical Biology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Jurion
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels branch, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- de Duve Institute, Experimental Medicine Unit, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels branch, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Huygen
- Service Immunology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP Site Ukkel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rita Vanbever
- Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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42
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Depreter F, Pilcer G, Amighi K. Inhaled proteins: Challenges and perspectives. Int J Pharm 2013; 447:251-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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43
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Liu H, Patil HP, de Vries-Idema J, Wilschut J, Huckriede A. Enhancement of the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a mucosal influenza subunit vaccine by the saponin adjuvant GPI-0100. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52135. [PMID: 23284901 PMCID: PMC3524133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of safe and effective adjuvants remains an urgent need for the development of inactivated influenza vaccines for mucosal administration. Here, we used a murine challenge model to evaluate the adjuvant activity of GPI-0100, a saponin-derived adjuvant, on influenza subunit vaccine administered via the intranasal or the intrapulmonary route. Balb/c mice were immunized with 1 µg A/PR/8 (H1N1) subunit antigen alone or in combination with varying doses of GPI-0100. The addition of GPI-0100 was required for induction of mucosal and systemic antibody responses to intranasally administered influenza vaccine and significantly enhanced the immunogenicity of vaccine administered via the intrapulmonary route. Remarkably, GPI-0100-adjuvanted influenza vaccine given at a low dose of 2×1 µg either in the nares or directly into the lungs provided complete protection against homologous influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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44
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Todoroff J, Ucakar B, Inglese M, Vandermarliere S, Fillee C, Renauld JC, Huygen K, Vanbever R. Targeting the deep lungs, Poloxamer 407 and a CpG oligonucleotide optimize immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85A following pulmonary delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 84:40-8. [PMID: 23238272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The current Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine provides variable protection against tuberculosis and new vaccination approaches are urgently needed. Pulmonary vaccination could be the best way to induce a protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis as it targets its natural site of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Poloxamer 407 (P407) combined with a CpG oligonucleotide (CpG) to enhance immune responses to M. tuberculosis antigen 85A (Ag85A) following pulmonary delivery in BALB/c mice. An additional goal of this study was to localize the optimal delivery site of Ag85A within the lungs for generating the most intense immunity. We also investigated the capacity of P407 to prolong the residence time of the antigen within the lungs and we studied the safety of the adjuvants following pulmonary delivery. Targeting the antigen to the deep lungs produced more intense specific immune responses than targeting it to the upper airways. P407 and CpG further increased humoral immune responses and splenocyte proliferation in vitro. CpG strongly increased the Th-1 immune response with high IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, high IFN-γ and TNF-α productions by spleen mononuclear cells in vitro. P407 tended to induce a Th-2 response, as indicated by the slight decrease in IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and the slight increase in IL-5 levels. The combination of P407 and CpG produced the highest Th-1 and Th-17 responses by generating IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-17A cytokines. Targeting the antigen to the deep lungs and the presence of P407 increased the residence time of the antigen within the lungs. This might explain the enhancement of immune responses induced by these factors. CpG did not induce inflammation in the lungs while P407 produced a reversible alteration of the alveolo-capillary barrier. Adding CpG to P407 did not further increase this alteration of the alveolo-capillary barrier. In conclusion, delivery of Ag85A formulated in a combination of P407 and CpG to the deep lungs induced strong immune responses, with a polyfunctional T cells phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Todoroff
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
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45
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Kang SM, Song JM, Kim YC. Microneedle and mucosal delivery of influenza vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2012; 11:547-60. [PMID: 22697052 DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years with the threat of pandemic influenza and other public health needs, alternative vaccination methods other than intramuscular immunization have received great attention. The skin and mucosal surfaces are attractive sites probably because of both noninvasive access to the vaccine delivery and unique immunological responses. Intradermal vaccines using a microinjection system (BD Soluvia(TM)) and intranasal vaccines (FluMist®) are licensed. As a new vaccination method, solid microneedles have been developed using a simple device that may be suitable for self-administration. Because coated microneedle influenza vaccines are administered in the solid state, developing formulations maintaining the stability of influenza vaccines is an important issue to be considered. Marketable microneedle devices and clinical trials remain to be developed. Other alternative mucosal routes such as oral and intranasal delivery systems are also attractive for inducing cross-protective mucosal immunity, but effective non-live mucosal vaccines remain to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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46
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Tonnis WF, Kersten GF, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WL, de Boer AH, Amorij JP. Pulmonary Vaccine Delivery: A Realistic Approach? J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2012; 25:249-60. [DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2011.0931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter F. Tonnis
- University of Groningen, Department Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon F. Kersten
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Vaccinology Unit, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W. Frijlink
- University of Groningen, Department Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter L.J. Hinrichs
- University of Groningen, Department Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne H. de Boer
- University of Groningen, Department Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Amorij
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Vaccinology Unit, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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47
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Cechova D, Novakova M, Mikulik K, Novotna O, Julak J, Zanvit P, Prokesova L. Immunomodulatory properties of subcellular fractions of a G+ bacterium, Bacillus firmus. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 58:111-21. [PMID: 22875593 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal immunization with non-living antigens usually requires the use of an adjuvant. The adjuvant activity of Bacillus firmus in the mucosal immunization of mice was described by our laboratory previously. In the present study, subcellular localization of B. firmus activities was followed. After mechanical disintegration, subcellular components of bacterium were fractionated by differential centrifugation and salting out. Bacterial cell walls, cytoplasmic membrane fraction, soluble cytoplasmic proteins, and ribosomal fractions were isolated. Their effect on the mouse immune system was studied. Lymphocyte proliferation and immunoglobulin formation in vitro were stimulated by bacterial cell wall (BCW), cytoplasmic membrane (CMF), and ribosomal fractions. BCW and CMF increased antibody formation after intratracheal immunization of mice with influenza A and B viruses, and increased protection against subsequent infection with influenza virus. The BCW fraction even induced intersubtypic cross-protection: Mice immunized with A/California/7/04 (H3N2) + BCW were resistant to the infection by the highly pathogenic A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Cechova
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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48
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Development of a dried influenza whole inactivated virus vaccine for pulmonary immunization. Vaccine 2011; 29:4345-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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49
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Fernandes CA, Fievez L, Ucakar B, Neyrinck AM, Fillee C, Huaux F, Delzenne NM, Bureau F, Vanbever R. Nicotinamide enhances apoptosis of G(M)-CSF-treated neutrophils and attenuates endotoxin-induced airway inflammation in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 300:L354-61. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00198.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute the first line of host defense against invading microorganisms. Yet their removal from the inflammatory environment is fundamental for injury restraint and resolution of inflammation. Nicotinamide, a component of vitamin B3, is known to modulate cell survival. In this study, we assessed the influence of nicotinamide on neutrophil apoptosis, both in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model of endotoxin-induced lung inflammation. In vitro, nicotinamide promoted apoptosis of human blood neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of the apoptosis inhibitors granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The highest concentration of nicotinamide completely neutralized the pro-survival effect of granulocyte (macrophage) colony-stimulating factor. Nicotinamide proapoptotic effect was associated with enhanced caspase-3 activity. In addition, nicotinamide slightly reduced neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro. In vivo, pulmonary nicotinamide delivery decreased the levels of cellular and biochemical inflammation markers and increased the percentage of apoptotic neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavages. Our findings suggest that nicotinamide is an apoptotic stimulus for neutrophils, thereby contributing to the resolution of neutrophilic inflammation in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia A. Fernandes
- Unité de Pharmacie Galénique, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels
| | - Laurence Fievez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège
| | - Bernard Ucakar
- Unité de Pharmacie Galénique, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels
| | - Audrey M. Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain,
| | - Catherine Fillee
- Department of Clinical Biology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, and
| | - François Huaux
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain,
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège
| | - Rita Vanbever
- Unité de Pharmacie Galénique, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels
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50
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Lin YF, Deng MC, Tseng LP, Jiang PR, Jan TR, Hsieh FI, Liu DZ. Adjuvant effect of liposome in chicken result from induction of nitric oxide. Biomed Mater 2011; 6:015011. [PMID: 21239850 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/6/1/015011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Intranasal delivery of liposome-encapsulated inactivated Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) is known to be an effective vaccine for inducing immunity in the respiratory tract from our previous reports. Four-week-old specific pathogen-free chickens were intranasally immunized with NDV entrapped in phosphatidylcholine-liposomes (PC-Lip). The mucosal levels of anti-NDV s-immunoglobulin A (IgA), serum IgG, a high hemagglutination inhibition titer (1:640), and the high survival rate with the PC-Lip vaccine were comparable to those of our previous report. The immune mechanisms of the PC-Lip adjuvant were determined by in vitro cellular experiments using the NO production of chicken spleen macrophages. The most important finding of this study was proving that macrophages were stimulated by PC-Lip via the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation pathways. This finding may be useful for developing potent mucosal vaccine delivery systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Feng Lin
- Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taiwan
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