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Davies SP, Ronca V, Wootton GE, Krajewska NM, Bozward AG, Fiancette R, Patten DA, Yankouskaya K, Reynolds GM, Pat S, Osei-Bordom DC, Richardson N, Grover LM, Weston CJ, Oo YH. Expression of E-cadherin by CD8 + T cells promotes their invasion into biliary epithelial cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:853. [PMID: 38286990 PMCID: PMC10825166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of CD8+ T cells in the cytoplasm of biliary epithelial cells (BEC) has been correlated with biliary damage associated with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Here, we characterise the mechanism of CD8+ T cell invasion into BEC. CD8+ T cells observed within BEC were large, eccentric, and expressed E-cadherin, CD103 and CD69. They were also not contained within secondary vesicles. Internalisation required cytoskeletal rearrangements which facilitated contact with BEC. Internalised CD8+ T cells were observed in both non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic diseased liver tissues but enriched in PBC patients, both during active disease and at the time of transplantation. E-cadherin expression by CD8+ T cells correlated with frequency of internalisation of these cells into BEC. E-cadherin+ CD8+ T cells formed β-catenin-associated interactions with BEC, were larger than E-cadherin- CD8+ T cells and invaded into BEC more frequently. Overall, we unveil a distinct cell-in-cell structure process in the liver detailing the invasion of E-cadherin+ CD103+ CD69+ CD8+ T cells into BEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Davies
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN Rare-Liver), Birmingham, UK.
| | - Vincenzo Ronca
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN Rare-Liver), Birmingham, UK
| | - Grace E Wootton
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN Rare-Liver), Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Advanced Cellular Therapy Facility, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Natalia M Krajewska
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amber G Bozward
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN Rare-Liver), Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Advanced Cellular Therapy Facility, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rémi Fiancette
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel A Patten
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katharina Yankouskaya
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gary M Reynolds
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sofia Pat
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel C Osei-Bordom
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Naomi Richardson
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN Rare-Liver), Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Advanced Cellular Therapy Facility, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Liam M Grover
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher J Weston
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ye H Oo
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN Rare-Liver), Birmingham, UK.
- Birmingham Advanced Cellular Therapy Facility, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Hoffmann JC, Schön MP. Integrin α E(CD103)β 7 in Epithelial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6211. [PMID: 34944831 PMCID: PMC8699740 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions of both the innate and the adaptive immune system with tumors are complex and often influence courses and therapeutic treatments in unanticipated ways. Based on the concept that CD8+T cells can mediate important antitumor effects, several therapies now aim to amplify their specific activity. A subpopulation of CD8+ tissue-resident T lymphocytes that express the αE(CD103)β7 integrin has raised particular interest. This receptor presumably contributes to the recruitment and retention of tumor-infiltrating immune cells through interaction with its ligand, E-cadherin. It appears to have regulatory functions and is thought to be a component of some immunological synapses. In TGF-rich environments, the αE(CD103)β7/E-cadherin-interaction enhances the binding strength between tumor cells and infiltrating T lymphocytes. This activity facilitates the release of lytic granule contents and cytokines as well as further immune responses and the killing of target cells. Expression of αE(CD103)β7 in some tumors is associated with a rather favorable prognosis, perhaps with the notable exception of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Although epithelial skin tumors are by far the most common tumors of fair-skinned people, there have been very few studies on the distribution of αE(CD103)β7 expressing cells in these neoplasms. Given this background, we describe here that αE(CD103)β7 is scarcely present in basal cell carcinomas, but much more abundant in squamous cell carcinomas with heterogeneous distribution. Notwithstanding a substantial number of studies, the role of αE(CD103)β7 in the tumor context is still far from clear. Here, we summarize the essential current knowledge on αE(CD103)β7 and outline that it is worthwhile to further explore this intriguing receptor with regard to the pathophysiology, therapy, and prognosis of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C. Hoffmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Michael P. Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
- Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Maślanka T, Clapp B, Hoffman C, Robison A, Gregorczyk I, Pascual DW. Nasal vaccination of β7 integrin-deficient mice retains elevated IgA immunity. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:667-681. [PMID: 32479679 PMCID: PMC9810040 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the migration of lymphocytes to nonintestinal mucosal sites is fundamental to developing mucosal vaccination strategies. Studies have shown that nasal and oral immunization with cholera toxin (CT) stimulates, in addition to α4β7+ , the induction of αE (CD103)β7+ B cells. To determine the extent to which αE-associated β7 contributes to antigen (Ag)-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)A responses in the upper respiratory tract, nasal CT vaccination was performed in wild-type (wt) and β7-/- mice. At 16 days postprimary immunization, upper respiratory tract IgA responses were greater in β7-/- mice than in wt mice. IgA induction by distal β7-/- Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes and small intestinal lamina propria was minimal, in contrast to elevated gut IgA responses in wt mice. By 42 days postprimary immunization, β7-/- gut IgA responses were restored, and upper respiratory tract Ag-specific IgA responses were equivalent to those of wt mice. Examination of homing receptor expression and cell-sorting experiments revealed that β7-/- mice have increased usage of β1 and αE integrins by upper respiratory tract B cells, suggesting that alternative integrins can facilitate lymphocyte migration to the upper respiratory tract, especially in the absence of β7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Maślanka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn 10-718, Poland
| | - Beata Clapp
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - Carol Hoffman
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - Amanda Robison
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Izabela Gregorczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn 10-718, Poland
| | - David W Pascual
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
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The Dynamics of the Skin's Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081811. [PMID: 31013709 PMCID: PMC6515324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a complex organ that has devised numerous strategies, such as physical, chemical, and microbiological barriers, to protect the host from external insults. In addition, the skin contains an intricate network of immune cells resident to the tissue, crucial for host defense as well as tissue homeostasis. In the event of an insult, the skin-resident immune cells are crucial not only for prevention of infection but also for tissue reconstruction. Deregulation of immune responses often leads to impaired healing and poor tissue restoration and function. In this review, we will discuss the defensive components of the skin and focus on the function of skin-resident immune cells in homeostasis and their role in wound healing.
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αEβ7 Expression Increases With the Extent of Cutaneous Involvement in Mycosis Fungoides. Am J Dermatopathol 2019; 41:630-636. [PMID: 30839339 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell adhesion molecules are essential to lymphocyte migration in neoplastic and inflammatory skin diseases. Our aim was to investigate possible differences in cell adhesion molecule expression between mycosis fungoides (MF) and inflammatory skin diseases (drug reactions and allergic contact dermatitis). METHODS We selected 33 biopsies from patients with MF and 10 biopsies of patients with inflammatory skin diseases from Department of Pathology-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) from January 1997 to December 2013. Expression of α4β1 integrin and αEβ7 integrin was assessed by immunohistochemistry in intraepidermal lymphocytes by counting 4 microscopic epidermal fields (×400) and comparing those between the 2 groups. RESULTS We observed increased expression of integrin αEβ7 in intraepidermal lymphocytes in advanced stages of MF (T3 and T4). αEβ7 expression was detected in intraepidermal dendritic cells of MF and inflammatory diseases samples. The expression of E-cadherin in epidermal cells in MF outlined Pautrier microabscesses, whereas in inflammatory diseases, spongiosis reduced its expression in keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS The findings presented here support the idea that the lymphocyte migratory mechanism observed in neoplasms is similar to that of inflammatory processes of the skin.
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Chu Y, Liao J, Li J, Wang Y, Yu X, Wang J, Xu X, Xu L, Zheng L, Xu J, Li L. CD103 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes predict favorable prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:5234-5243. [PMID: 31602274 PMCID: PMC6775603 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As an indispensable factor in preventing the recirculation of tissue lymphocytes to the lymphatic and blood systems, the integrin CD103 has enabled the characterization of lymphocyte populations in non-lymphoid tissues and organs. However, the expression, distribution, and clinical significance of CD103+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear. In the present study, we included tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissue specimens from 198 patients with ESCC who had undergone surgical resection. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect CD103+ TIL distribution, as well as the co-expression of CD103 and T cell markers and functional molecules. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate the prognostic value of CD103+ TILs. The results showed that CD103+ TILs were predominantly located in adjacent non-tumor tissues compared with tumor tissues (P < 0.0001). Immunofluorescence double staining revealed that CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, comprised the majority of CD103-expressing cells. Most of these CD103-expressing cells co-expressed CTLA-4 and granzyme B rather than the exhaustion marker PD-1. High density of intratumoral CD103+ TIL is associated with longer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in both the internal (OS, P = 0.0004 and DFS, P = 0.0002) and external (OS, P = 0.038 and DFS, P = 0.12) cohorts. Multivariate Cox analysis showed the density of CD103+ TILs was an independent positive prognostic factor for OS (hazards ratio [HR] = 0.406; P = 0.0003 in the internal cohort; HR = 0.328, P = 0.01, in the external cohort) and DFS (HR = 0.385; P = 0.0002 in the internal cohort; HR = 0.270, P = 0.003, in the external cohort). Our findings indicate that CD103+ TILs might play an important role in the tumor microenvironment, and intratumoral CD103+ TILs could serve as a promising prognostic marker in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jinqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yongchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xingjuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xiue Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Liyan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Lian Li, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China, Tel: 86-20-84115531, E-mail: ; Jing Xu, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China, E-mail:
| | - Lian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Lian Li, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China, Tel: 86-20-84115531, E-mail: ; Jing Xu, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China, E-mail:
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7
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Molodtsov A, Turk MJ. Tissue Resident CD8 Memory T Cell Responses in Cancer and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2810. [PMID: 30555481 PMCID: PMC6281983 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident memory (TRM) cells are a distinct tissue-localized T cell lineage that is crucial for protective immunity in peripheral tissues. While a great deal of effort has focused on defining their role in immunity to infections, studies now reveal TRM cells as a vital component of the host immune response to cancer. Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, TRM-like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. Recent studies in mouse tumor models have shown that TRM cells are induced by cancer vaccines delivered in peripheral tissue sites, or by the depletion of regulatory T cells. Such tumor-specific TRM cells are recognized as both necessary and sufficient for long-lived protection against tumors in peripheral tissue locations. TRM responses against tumor/self-antigens can concurrently result in the development of pathogenic TRM responses to self, with a growing number of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory pathologies being attributed to TRM responses. This review will recount the path to discovering the importance of resident memory CD8 T cells as they pertain to cancer immunity. In addition to highlighting key studies that directly implicate TRM cells in anti-tumor immunity, we will highlight earlier work that implicitly suggested their importance. Informed by studies in infectious disease models, and instructed by a clear role for TRM cells in autoimmunity, we will discuss strategies for therapeutically promoting TRM responses in settings where they don't naturally occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Molodtsov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Mary Jo Turk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
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8
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Hardenberg JHB, Braun A, Schön MP. A Yin and Yang in Epithelial Immunology: The Roles of the α E(CD103)β 7 Integrin in T Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:23-31. [PMID: 28941625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The proper function(s) of cell-surface receptors is crucial for the regulation of adaptive immune responses. One such receptor is the αE(CD103)β7 integrin, whose history in science is closely linked with the evolution of our knowledge of immune regulation. Initially described as a marker of intraepithelial T-lymphocytes, this leukocyte integrin is now seen as a dynamically regulated receptor involved in the functional differentiation of some cytotoxic T cells as well as regulatory T cells, thus presumably contributing to the fine-tuning of immune reactions in epithelial compartments. In this brief overview, we delineate our current view on αE(CD103)β7 in T-cell-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik B Hardenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Braun
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Center Göttingen and University of Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Center Göttingen and University of Osnabrück, Germany.
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9
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Roe MM, Swain S, Sebrell TA, Sewell MA, Collins MM, Perrino BA, Smith PD, Smythies LE, Bimczok D. Differential regulation of CD103 (αE integrin) expression in human dendritic cells by retinoic acid and Toll-like receptor ligands. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 101:1169-1180. [PMID: 28087652 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1ma0316-131r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD103 (αE integrin) is an important dendritic cell (DC) marker that characterizes functionally distinct DC subsets in mice and humans. However, the mechanism by which CD103 expression is regulated in human DCs and the role of CD103 for DC function are not very well understood. Here, we show that retinoic acid (RA) treatment of human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) increased the ability of the DCs to synthesize RA and induced MoDC expression of CD103 and β7 at the mRNA and protein level. In contrast, RA was unable to induce the expression of CD103 in primary human DCs isolated from the gastric mucosa. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling in MoDCs down-regulated RA-induced CD103 expression, indicating that TGF-β-dependent pathways contribute to the induction of CD103. Conversely, when RA-treated MoDCs were stimulated with live Helicobacter pylori, commensal bacteria, LPS, or a TLR2 agonist, the RA-induced up-regulation of CD103 and β7 integrin expression was completely abrogated. To determine whether CD103 expression impacts DC priming of CD4+ T cells, we next investigated the ability of CD103+ and CD103─ DCs to induce mucosal homing and T cell proliferation. Surprisingly, RA treatment of DCs enhanced both α4β7 expression and proliferation in cocultured T cells, but no difference was seen between RA-treated CD103+ and CD103─ DCs. In summary, our data demonstrate that RA, bacterial products, and the tissue environment all contribute to the regulation of CD103 on human DCs and that DC induction of mucosal homing in T cells is RA dependent but not CD103 dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandi M Roe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Steve Swain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - T Andrew Sebrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Marisa A Sewell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Madison M Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Brian A Perrino
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Phillip D Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and.,VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lesley E Smythies
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and
| | - Diane Bimczok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA;
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10
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Wyant T, Fedyk E, Abhyankar B. An Overview of the Mechanism of Action of the Monoclonal Antibody Vedolizumab. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:1437-1444. [PMID: 27252400 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vedolizumab is a novel therapeutic monoclonal antibody recently approved for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in adults who have failed at least one conventional therapy. An integrin antagonist, vedolizumab binds to the α4β7 integrin which is expressed specifically by a subset of gastrointestinal-homing T lymphocytes. The binding of α4β7 integrin to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 expressed on the surface of mucosal endothelial cells is a crucial component of the gut-selective homing mechanism for lymphocytes.In contrast, other monoclonal antibodies approved for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, such as tumour necrosis factor α antagonists and the integrin antagonist natalizumab, act systemically or on multiple targets to reduce inflammation.The unique gut selectivity of vedolizumab may contribute to the favourable benefit-risk profile observed in vedolizumab clinical trials. In this review, we summarise data from the preclinical development of vedolizumab and describe the current understanding of the mechanism of action as it relates to other biological therapies for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wyant
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric Fedyk
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
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11
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Hadley GA, Higgins JMG. Integrin αEβ7: molecular features and functional significance in the immune system. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 819:97-110. [PMID: 25023170 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9153-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alpha E beta 7 (αEβ7) is an α-I domain-containing integrin that is highly expressed by a variety of leukocyte populations at mucosal sites including intraepithelial T cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, and T regulatory cells (Treg). Expression depends largely or solely on transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) isoforms. The best characterized ligand for αEβ7 is E-cadherin on epithelial cells, though there is evidence of a second ligand in the human system. An exposed acidic residue on the distal aspect of E-cadherin domain 1 interacts with the MIDAS site in the αE α-I domain. By binding to E-cadherin, αEβ7 contributes to mucosal specific retention of leukocytes within epithelia. Studies on αE knockout mice have identified an additional important function for this integrin in allograft rejection and have also indicated that it may have a role in immunoregulation. Recent studies point to a multifaceted role for αEβ7 in regulating both innate and acquired immune responses to foreign antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg A Hadley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA,
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Berthelot JM, Le Goff B, Martin J, Maugars Y, Josien R. Essential role for CD103+ cells in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritides. Joint Bone Spine 2014; 82:8-12. [PMID: 25241337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clinical features of spondyloarthritides include extraarticular manifestations involving the skin, eyes, and gastrointestinal tract. At these sites, a membrane integrin can be acquired by virtue of the presence of CD4+ T cells and specific dendritic cells and correlates with a regulatory behavior of these cells. This membrane integrin conjugates the beta7 subunit and the alphaE subunit, also known as CD103. CD103 expression requires high levels of TGF-beta and retinoic acid; in addition, expression of CD103 by T cells requires antigen recognition. Whether CD103 is found in the entheses has not yet been investigated. CD103 is expressed at high levels in the skin, eyes, and bowel but it is found in only very low levels in the bloodstream. CD8+ CD103+ T cells differ markedly from other CD103+ cells in that they are resident cells with no tendency to migrate and usually exert predominantly cytotoxic functions as opposed to regulatory functions. Several bacteria, such as Salmonella, can become dormant within the mucous membranes and/or their lymph nodes, where they use CD103+ dendritic cells and CD4+ CD103+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) to evade the immune response. This phenomenon could be studied in other tissues targeted by spondyloarthritides, where dormant microorganisms can migrate by using M2 macrophages as Trojan horses, since M2 macrophages express the CD103 ligand E-cadherin. Microorganism peptide recognition by CD8+ CD103+ T cells (which are overrepresented in psoriasis and joint fluid in some forms of spondyloarthritis) induces an inflammatory response that may be sufficient to transiently reverse the regulatory function of the CD103+ dendritic cells and CD4+ CD103+ T cells during disease flares. The sensitivity of these diseases to retinoids further supports a pathogenic role for transient CD103+ cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Berthelot
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France.
| | - Benoît Le Goff
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France
| | | | - Yves Maugars
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France
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Yamada D, Kadono T, Masui Y, Yanaba K, Sato S. β7 Integrin Controls Mast Cell Recruitment, whereas αE Integrin Modulates the Number and Function of CD8+ T Cells in Immune Complex–Mediated Tissue Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4112-21. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Anderson DJ, Marathe J, Pudney J. The structure of the human vaginal stratum corneum and its role in immune defense. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 71:618-23. [PMID: 24661416 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The superficial layers of the human vaginal epithelium, which form an interface between host and environment, are comprised of dead flattened cells that have undergone a terminal cell differentiation program called cornification. This entails extrusion of nuclei and intercellular organelles, and the depletion of functional DNA and RNA precluding the synthesis of new proteins. As a consequence, the terminally differentiated cells do not maintain robust intercellular junctions and have a diminished capacity to actively respond to microbial exposure, yet the vaginal stratum corneum (SC) mounts an effective defense against invasive microbial infections. The vaginal SC in reproductive-aged women is comprised of loosely connected glycogen-filled cells, which are permeable to bacterial and viral microbes as well as molecular and cellular mediators of immune defense. We propose here that the vaginal SC provides a unique microenvironment that maintains vaginal health by fostering endogenous lactobacilli and retaining critical mediators of acquired and innate immunity. A better understanding of the molecular and physicochemical properties of the vaginal SC could promote the design of more effective topical drugs and microbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Anderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Liu Y, Lan Q, Lu L, Chen M, Xia Z, Ma J, Wang J, Fan H, Shen Y, Ryffel B, Brand D, Quismorio F, Liu Z, Horwitz DA, Xu A, Zheng SG. Phenotypic and functional characteristic of a newly identified CD8+ Foxp3- CD103+ regulatory T cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2014; 6:81-92. [PMID: 23861553 PMCID: PMC3927769 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjt026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β and Foxp3 expressions are crucial for the induction and functional activity of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (iTreg) cells. Here, we demonstrate that although TGF-β-primed CD8(+) cells display much lower Foxp3 expression, their suppressive capacity is equivalent to that of CD4(+) iTreg cells, and both Foxp3(-) and Foxp3(+) CD8+ subsets have suppressive activities in vitro and in vivo. CD8(+)Foxp3(-) iTreg cells produce little IFN-γ but almost no IL-2, and display a typical anergic phenotype. Among phenotypic markers expressed in CD8(+)Foxp3(-) cells, we identify CD103 expression particularly crucial for the generation and function of this subset. Moreover, IL-10 and TGF-β signals rather than cytotoxicity mediate the suppressive effect of this novel Treg population. Therefore, TGF-β can induce both CD8(+)Foxp3(-) and CD8(+)Foxp3(+) iTreg subsets, which may represent the unique immunoregulatory means to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qin Lan
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Institute of Immunology, Shanghai East Hospital at Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Maogen Chen
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zanxian Xia
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jilin Ma
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Huimin Fan
- Institute of Immunology, Shanghai East Hospital at Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Institute of Immunology, Shanghai East Hospital at Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- University of Orleans and CNRS UMR7355, 3b rue de la Ferollerie, Orleans 45071, France
| | - David Brand
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA
| | - Francisco Quismorio
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Shanghai East Hospital at Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - David A. Horwitz
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Anping Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Institute of Immunology, Shanghai East Hospital at Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
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Horwitz DA, Pan S, Ou JN, Wang J, Chen M, Gray JD, Zheng SG. Therapeutic polyclonal human CD8+ CD25+ Fox3+ TNFR2+ PD-L1+ regulatory cells induced ex-vivo. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:450-63. [PMID: 24211847 PMCID: PMC3941976 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report that polyclonal CD8regs generated in one week ex-vivo with anti-CD3/28 beads and cytokines rapidly developed suppressive activity in vitro sustained by TGF-β. In immunodeficient mice, these CD8regs demonstrated a markedly protective, IL-10 dependent activity against a xeno-GVHD. They expressed IL-2Rα/β, Foxp3, TNFR2, and the negative co-stimulatory receptors CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1 and Tim-3. Suppressive activity in vitro correlated better with TNFR2 and PD-L1 than Foxp3. Blocking studies suggested that TNF enhanced PD-L1 expression and the suppressive activity of the CD8regs generated. Unlike other polyclonal CD4 and CD8 Tregs, these CD8regs preferentially targeted allogeneic T cells, but they lacked cytotoxic activity against them even after sensitization. Unlike CD4regs, these CD8regs could produce IL-2 and proliferate while inhibiting target cells. If these CD8regs can persist in foreign hosts without impairing immune surveillance, they could serve as a practical remission-inducing product for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, graft-versus-host disease, and allograft rejection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- CTLA-4 Antigen/genetics
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/pathology
- Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2
- Humans
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/transplantation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Horwitz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Crequer A, Troeger A, Patin E, Ma CS, Picard C, Pedergnana V, Fieschi C, Lim A, Abhyankar A, Gineau L, Mueller-Fleckenstein I, Schmidt M, Taieb A, Krueger J, Abel L, Tangye SG, Orth G, Williams DA, Casanova JL, Jouanguy E. Human RHOH deficiency causes T cell defects and susceptibility to EV-HPV infections. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:3239-47. [PMID: 22850876 DOI: 10.1172/jci62949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by increased susceptibility to specific human papillomaviruses, the betapapillomaviruses. These EV-HPVs cause warts and increase the risk of skin carcinomas in otherwise healthy individuals. Inactivating mutations in epidermodysplasia verruciformis 1 (EVER1) or EVER2 have been identified in most, but not all, patients with autosomal recessive EV. We found that 2 young adult siblings presenting with T cell deficiency and various infectious diseases, including persistent EV-HPV infections, were homozygous for a mutation creating a stop codon in the ras homolog gene family member H (RHOH) gene. RHOH encodes an atypical Rho GTPase expressed predominantly in hematopoietic cells. Patients' circulating T cells contained predominantly effector memory T cells, which displayed impaired TCR signaling. Additionally, very few circulating T cells expressed the β7 integrin subunit, which homes T cells to specific tissues. Similarly, Rhoh-null mice exhibited a severe overall T cell defect and abnormally small numbers of circulating β7-positive cells. Expression of the WT, but not of the mutated RHOH, allele in Rhoh-/- hematopoietic stem cells corrected the T cell lymphopenia in mice after bone marrow transplantation. We conclude that RHOH deficiency leads to T cell defects and persistent EV-HPV infections, suggesting that T cells play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic EV-HPV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Crequer
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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