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Ma Y, Si YX, Guo JM, Yang TT, Li Y, Zhang J, Dong SL, Yan Q. Functional Characterization of Odorant Receptors for Sex Pheromone (Z)-11-Hexadecenol in Orthaga achatina. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18864-18871. [PMID: 39153187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Pheromone receptor (PR)-mediated transduction of sex pheromones to electrophysiological signals is the basis for sex pheromone communication. Orthaga achatina, a serious pest of the camphor tree, uses a mixture of four components (Z11-16:OAc, Z11-16:OH, Z11-16:Ald, and Z3,Z6,Z9,Z12,Z15-23:H) as its sex pheromone. In this study, we identified five PR genes (OachPR1-5) by phylogenetic analysis. Further RT-PCR and qPCR experiments showed that PR1-3 were specifically expressed in male antennae, while PR4 was significantly female-biased in expression. Functional characterization using the XOE-TEVC assay demonstrated that PR1 and PR3 both responded strongly to Z11-16:OH, while PR1 and PR3 had a weak response to Z3,Z6,Z9,Z12,Z15-23:H and Z11-16:Ald, respectively. Finally, two key amino acid residues (N78 and R331) were confirmed to be essential for binding of PR3 with Z11-16:OH by molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis. This study helps understand the sex pheromone recognition molecular mechanism of O. achatina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Si
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin-Meng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuang-Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Schuh E, Cassau S, Ismaieel AR, Stieber R, Krieger J, Hansson BS, Sachse S, Bisch-Knaden S. Females smell differently: characteristics and significance of the most common olfactory sensilla of female silkmoths. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232578. [PMID: 38228178 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In the silkmoth Bombyx mori, the role of male sensilla trichodea in pheromone detection is well established. Here we study the corresponding female sensilla, which contain two olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and come in two lengths, each representing a single physiological type. Only OSNs in medium trichoids respond to the scent of mulberry, the silkworm's exclusive host plant, and are more sensitive in mated females, suggesting a role in oviposition. In long trichoids, one OSN is tuned to (+)-linalool and the other to benzaldehyde and isovaleric acid, both odours emitted by silkworm faeces. While the significance of (+)-linalool detection remains unclear, isovaleric acid repels mated females and may therefore play a role in avoiding crowded oviposition sites. When we examined the underlying molecular components of neurons in female trichoids, we found non-canonical co-expression of Ir8a, the co-receptor for acid responses, and ORco, the co-receptor of odorant receptors, in long trichoids, and the unexpected expression of a specific odorant receptor in both trichoid sensillum types. In addition to elucidating the function of female trichoids, our results suggest that some accepted organizational principles of the insect olfactory system may not apply to the predominant sensilla on the antenna of female B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Schuh
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Research Group Olfactory Coding, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sina Cassau
- Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department of Animal Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ahmed R Ismaieel
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Regina Stieber
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krieger
- Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department of Animal Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Silke Sachse
- Research Group Olfactory Coding, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sonja Bisch-Knaden
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Walker III WB, Cattaneo AM, Stout JL, Evans ML, Garczynski SF. Chemosensory Receptor Expression in the Abdomen Tip of the Female Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:948. [PMID: 38132621 PMCID: PMC10743790 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In insects, the chemical senses influence most vital behaviors, including mate seeking and egg laying; these sensory modalities are predominantly governed by odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and gustatory receptors (GRs). The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is a global pest of apple, pear, and walnut, and semiochemically based management strategies limit the economic impacts of this species. The previous report of expression of a candidate pheromone-responsive OR in female codling moth ovipositor and pheromone glands raises further questions about the chemosensory capacity of these organs. With an RNA-sequencing approach, we examined chemoreceptors' expression in the female codling moth abdomen tip, sampling tissues from mated and unmated females and pupae. We report 37 ORs, 22 GRs, and 18 IRs expressed in our transcriptome showing overlap with receptors expressed in adult antennae as well as non-antennal candidate receptors. A quantitative PCR approach was also taken to assess the effect of mating on OR expression in adult female moths, revealing a few genes to be upregulated or downregulating after mating. These results provide a better understanding of the chemosensory role of codling moth female abdomen tip organs in female-specific behaviors. Future research will determine the function of specific receptors to augment current semiochemical-based strategies for codling moth management.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Walker III
- Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Wapato, WA 98951, USA; (J.L.S.); (M.L.E.)
| | - Alberto M. Cattaneo
- Chemical Ecology Group, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma (Campus Alnarp), 234 56 Skåne, Sweden;
| | - Jennifer L. Stout
- Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Wapato, WA 98951, USA; (J.L.S.); (M.L.E.)
| | - MacKenzie L. Evans
- Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Wapato, WA 98951, USA; (J.L.S.); (M.L.E.)
| | - Stephen F. Garczynski
- Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Wapato, WA 98951, USA; (J.L.S.); (M.L.E.)
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Lizana P, Godoy R, Martínez F, Wicher D, Kaltofen S, Guzmán L, Ramírez O, Cifuentes D, Mutis A, Venthur H. A highly conserved plant volatile odorant receptor detects a sex pheromone component of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 163:104031. [PMID: 37918449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Odorant receptors (ORs) are key specialized units for mate and host finding in moths of the Ditrysia clade, to which 98% of the lepidopteran species belong. Moth ORs have evolved to respond to long unsaturated acetates, alcohols, or aldehydes (Type I sex pheromones), falling into conserved clades of pheromone receptors (PRs). These PRs might have evolved from old lineages of non-Ditrysian moths that use plant volatile-like pheromones. However, a Ditrysian moth called the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (a worldwide-distributed pest of beehives), uses C9-C11 saturated aldehydes as the main sex pheromone components (i.e., nonanal and undecanal). Thus, these aldehydes represent unusual components compared with the majority of moth species that use, for instance, Type I sex pheromones. Current evidence shows a lack of consensus in the amount of ORs for G. mellonella, although consistent in that the moth does not have conserved PRs. Using genomic data, 62 OR candidates were identified, 16 being new genes. Phylogeny showed no presence of ORs in conserved PR clades. However, an OR with the highest transcript abundance, GmelOR4, appeared in a conserved plant volatile-detecting clade. Functional findings from the HEK system showed the OR as sensitive to nonanal and 2-phenylacetaldehyde, but not to undecanal. It is believed that to date GmelOR4 represents the first, but likely not unique, OR with a stable function in detecting aldehydes that help maintain the life cycle of G. mellonella around honey bee colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lizana
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ricardo Godoy
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Francheska Martínez
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Carrera de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Dieter Wicher
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine Kaltofen
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Leonardo Guzmán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Oscar Ramírez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Diego Cifuentes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ana Mutis
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Herbert Venthur
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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Lee IHT, Nong W, So WL, Cheung CKH, Xie Y, Baril T, Yip HY, Swale T, Chan SKF, Wei Y, Lo N, Hayward A, Chan TF, Lam HM, Hui JHL. The genome and sex-dependent responses to temperature in the common yellow butterfly, Eurema hecabe. BMC Biol 2023; 21:200. [PMID: 37749565 PMCID: PMC10521528 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) is one of the most geographically widespread insect orders in the world, and its species play important and diverse ecological and applied roles. Climate change is one of the biggest challenges to biodiversity this century, and lepidopterans are vulnerable to climate change. Temperature-dependent gene expression differences are of relevance under the ongoing climate crisis. However, little is known about how climate affects gene expression in lepidopterans and the ecological consequences of this, particularly with respect to genes with biased expression in one of the sexes. The common yellow butterfly, Eurema hecabe (Family Pieridae), is one of the most geographically widespread lepidopterans that can be found in Asia, Africa, and Australia. Nevertheless, what temperature-dependent effects there may be and whether the effects differ between the sexes remain largely unexplored. RESULTS Here, we generated high-quality genomic resources for E. hecabe along with transcriptomes from eight developmental stages. Male and female butterflies were subjected to varying temperatures to assess sex-specific gene expression responses through mRNA and microRNA transcriptomics. We find that there are more temperature-dependent sex-biased genes in females than males, including genes that are involved in a range of biologically important functions, highlighting potential ecological impacts of increased temperatures. Further, by considering available butterfly data on sex-biased gene expression in a comparative genomic framework, we find that the pattern of sex-biased gene expression identified in E. hecabe is highly species-specific, rather than conserved across butterfly species, suggesting that sex-biased gene expression responses to climate change are complex in butterflies. CONCLUSIONS Our study lays the foundation for further understanding of differential responses to environmental stress in a widespread lepidopteran model and demonstrates the potential complexity of sex-specific responses of lepidopterans to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy H T Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenyan Nong
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Lok So
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris K H Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yichun Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Ho Yin Yip
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Simon K F Chan
- Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nathan Lo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Ting Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jerome H L Hui
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Olfactory and gustatory receptor genes in fig wasps: Evolutionary insights from comparative studies. Gene 2023; 850:146953. [PMID: 36243214 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of chemoreception in fig wasps (Hymenoptera, Agaonidae) are of primary importance in their co-evolutionary relationship with the fig trees they pollinate. We used transcriptome sequences of 25 fig wasps in six genera that allowed a comparative approach to the evolution of key molecular components of fig wasp chemoreception: their odorant (OR) and gustatory (GR) receptor genes. In total, we identified 311 ORs and 47 GRs, with each species recording from 5 to 30 OR genes and 1-4 GR genes. 304 OR genes clustered into 18 orthologous groups known to be sensitive to cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC), pheromones, acids, alcohols and a variety of floral scents such as cineole, Linalool, and Heptanone. 45 GR genes clustered into 4 orthologous groups that contain sweet, bitter, CO2 and undocumented receptors. Gene sequences in most orthologous groups varied greatly among species, except for ORco (60.0% conserved) and sweet receptors (30.7% conserved). Strong purifying selection of both odorant and gustatory genes was detected, as shown by low ω values. Signatures of positive selection were detected in loci from both OR and GR orthologous groups. Fig wasps have relatively few olfactory and especially gustatory receptors, reflecting the natural history of the system. Amino acid sequences nonetheless vary significantly between species and are consistent with the phylogenetic relationships among fig wasps. The differences in ORs within some orthologous groups from the same species, but different hosts and from closely related species from one host can reach as low as 49.3% and 9.8% respectively, implying the ORs of fig wasps can evolve rapidly to novel ecological environments. Our results provide a starting point for understanding the molecular basis of the chemosensory systems of fig wasps.
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Zhang Y, Feng K, Mei R, Li W, Tang F. Analysis of the Antennal Transcriptome and Identification of Tissue-specific Expression of Olfactory-related Genes in Micromelalopha troglodyta (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:8. [PMID: 36165424 PMCID: PMC9513789 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Micromelalopha troglodyta (Graeser) has been one of the most serious pests on poplars in China. We used Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing to construct an antennal transcriptome and identify olfactory-related genes. In total, 142 transcripts were identified, including 74 odorant receptors (ORs), 32 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 13 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 20 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 3 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). The genetic relationships were obtained by the phylogenetic tree, and the tissue-specific expression of important olfactory-related genes was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that most of these genes are abundantly expressed in the antennae and head. In most insects, olfaction plays a key role in foraging, host localization, and searching for mates. Our research lays the foundation for future research on the molecular mechanism of the olfactory system in M. troglodyta. In addition, this study provides a theoretical basis for exploring the relationship between M. troglodyta and their host plants, and for the biological control of M. troglodyta using olfactory receptor as targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruolan Mei
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei Province, China
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Tom MT, Cortés Llorca L, Bucks S, Bisch-Knaden S, Hansson BS. Sex- and tissue-specific expression of chemosensory receptor genes in a hawkmoth. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.976521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For the nocturnal hawkmoth Manduca sexta, olfactory and gustatory cues are essential for finding partners, food, and oviposition sites. Three chemosensory receptor families, odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and gustatory receptors (GRs) are involved in the detection of these stimuli. While many chemosensory receptor genes have been identified, knowledge of their expression profile in potentially chemoreceptive organs is incomplete. Here, we studied the expression patterns of chemosensory receptors in different tissues including the antennae, labial palps, proboscis, legs, wings and ovipositor. We compared the receptors’ expression in female and male moths both before and after mating by using the NanoString platform. This tool allowed us to measure expression levels of chemosensory receptor genes in a single reaction using probes designed against 71 OR, 29 IR and 49 GR transcripts. In all tissues investigated, we detected expression of genes from all three receptor families. The highest number of receptors was detected in the antennae (92), followed by the ovipositor (59), while the least number was detected in the hindlegs (21). The highest number of OR genes were expressed in the antennae (63), of which 24 were specific to this main olfactory organ. The highest number of IRs were also expressed in the antennae (16), followed by the ovipositor (15). Likewise, antennae and ovipositor expressed the highest number of GRs (13 and 14). Expression of the OR co-receptor MsexORCo, presumably a prerequisite for OR function, was found in the antennae, labial palps, forelegs and ovipositor. IR co-receptors MsexIR25a and MsexIR76b were expressed across all tested tissues, while expression of the IR co-receptor MsexIR8a was restricted to antennae and ovipositor. Comparing the levels of all 149 transcripts across the nine tested tissues allowed us to identify sex-biased gene expression in the antennae and the legs, two appendages that are also morphologically different between the sexes. However, none of the chemosensory receptors was differentially expressed based on the moths’ mating state. The observed gene expression patterns form a strong base for the functional characterization of chemosensory receptors and the understanding of olfaction and gustation at the molecular level in M. sexta.
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Hu J, Wang XY, Tan LS, Lu W, Zheng XL. Identification of Chemosensory Genes, Including Candidate Pheromone Receptors, in Phauda flammans (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Phaudidae) Through Transcriptomic Analyses. Front Physiol 2022; 13:907694. [PMID: 35846004 PMCID: PMC9283972 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.907694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory and gustatory systems play an irreplaceable role in all cycles of growth of insects, such as host location, mating, and oviposition. Many chemosensory genes in many nocturnal moths have been identified via omics technology, but knowledge of these genes in diurnal moths is lacking. In our recent studies, we reported two sex pheromone compounds and three host plant volatiles that play a vital role in attracting the diurnal moth, Phauda flammans. The antennal full-length transcriptome sequence of P. flammans was obtained using the Pacbio sequencing to further explore the process of sex pheromone and host plant volatile recognition in P. flammans. Transcriptome analysis identified 166 candidate olfactory and gustatory genes, including 58 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 19 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 59 olfactory receptors (ORs), 16 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 14 gustatory receptors (GRs), and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Subsequently, a phylogenetic tree was established using P. flammans and other lepidopteran species to investigate orthologs. Among the 17 candidate pheromone receptor (PR) genes, the expression levels of PflaOR21, PflaOR25, PflaOR35, PflaOR40, PflaOR41, PflaOR42, PflaOR44, PflaOR49, PflaOR51, PflaOR61, and PflaOR63 in the antennae were significantly higher than those in other non-antennae tissues. Among these PR genes, PflaOR21, PflaOR27, PflaOR29, PflaOR35, PflaOR37, PflaOR40, PflaOR42, PflaOR44, PflaOR60, and PflaOR62 showed male-biased expression, whereas PflaOR49, PflaOR61, and PflaOR63 revealed female-biased expression. The functions of related OR genes were also discussed. This research filled the gap of the chemosensory genes of P. flammans and provided basic data for future functional molecular mechanisms studies on P. flammans olfaction.
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Sun YL, Dong JF, Yang HB, Li DX, Tian CH. Identification and Characterization of Chemosensory Receptors in the Pheromone Gland-Ovipositor of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050481. [PMID: 35621815 PMCID: PMC9146910 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemical cues are generally thought to be primarily detected by the cephalic organ antennae, maxillary palps, and proboscises in insects. Although several recent studies have reported the chemosensory roles of ovipositors in some moth species, the expression of chemosensory receptors and their functions in the ovipositor remain largely unknown. Here, we systematically analyzed the pheromone gland-ovipositor (PG-OV) transcriptome of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). A total of 26 candidate chemosensory receptor genes were revealed, including 12 odorant receptors (ORs), 4 gustatory receptors (GRs), and 10 ionotropic receptors (IRs). Specific genes including pheromone receptors, ORco, CO2 receptors, sugar receptors, and IR co-receptors were identified. Tissue expression profiling demonstrated that the annotated receptor genes were mainly expressed in the antennae (for ORs and IRs) or proboscis (for GRs), but two ORs, two GRs, and two IRs were also highly enriched in the PG-OV, with expression levels only slightly lower or even similar to those in the antennae/proboscis. This report provides the first large-scale description of chemosensory receptors in the PG-OV of S. frugiperda. It may inspire researchers to investigate how chemosensory receptors function in the ovipositor of S. frugiperda, as well as in the ovipositors of other moths. Abstract Chemoreception by moth ovipositors has long been suggested, but underlying molecular mechanisms are mostly unknown. To reveal such chemosensory systems in the current study, we sequenced and assembled the pheromone gland-ovipositor (PG-OV) transcriptome of females of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a pest of many crops. We annotated a total of 26 candidate chemosensory receptor genes, including 12 odorant receptors (ORs), 4 gustatory receptors (GRs), and 10 ionotropic receptors (IRs). The relatedness of these chemosensory receptors with those from other insect species was predicted by phylogenetic analyses, and specific genes, including pheromone receptors, ORco, CO2 receptors, sugar receptors, and IR co-receptors, were reported. Although real-time quantitative-PCR analyses of annotated genes revealed that OR and IR genes were mainly expressed in S. frugiperda antennae, two ORs and two IRs expressed in antennae were also highly expressed in the PG-OV. Similarly, GR genes were mainly expressed in the proboscis, but two were also highly expressed in the PG-OV. Our study provides the first large-scale description of chemosensory receptors in the PG-OV of S. frugiperda and provides a foundation for exploring the chemoreception mechanisms of PG-OV in S. frugiperda and in other moth species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lan Sun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.-L.S.); (H.-B.Y.); (D.-X.L.)
| | - Jun-Feng Dong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.-L.S.); (H.-B.Y.); (D.-X.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.-F.D.); (C.-H.T.); Tel.: +86-379-64282345 (J.-F.D.); +86-371-65717371 (C.-H.T.)
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.-L.S.); (H.-B.Y.); (D.-X.L.)
| | - Ding-Xu Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.-L.S.); (H.-B.Y.); (D.-X.L.)
| | - Cai-Hong Tian
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence: (J.-F.D.); (C.-H.T.); Tel.: +86-379-64282345 (J.-F.D.); +86-371-65717371 (C.-H.T.)
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11
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Zhang S, Wang X, Wang G, Liu F, Liu Y. An odorant receptor of the green mirid bug, Apolygus lucorum, tuned to linalool. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 144:103764. [PMID: 35367588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive olfactory system is required for various insect behaviors, including oviposition site selection, host location, and mate recognition. Odorant receptors (ORs) play a critical role in odorant detection. In this study, we cloned four OR genes referred to as AlucORs (AlucOR4, AlucOR39, AlucOR43, and AlucOR47) from the green mirid bug, Apolygus lucorum, and used Real-time quantitative PCR to show that expression of all four ORs was considerably biased to antennae. Functional analysis, performed using a Xenopus oocyte expression system, revealed that AlucOR47 was robustly and sensitively tuned to the important plant volatile, linalool, and its analogs, linalyl acetate and linalool tetrahydride. Electroantennogram recordings showed that all three ligands elicited obvious responses in male and female mirid bug antennae, with the response to linalool being the strongest. In behavioral assays, male and female mirid bugs displayed significant aversions to linalool. Additionally, the repellent behavior effect of A. lucorum in response to linalool disappeared after knocking down AlucOR47 by RNA interference (RNAi). Taken together, these results indicate that AlucOR47 is necessary for linalool perception in A. lucorum. Our results suggest that AlucOR47 may play a role in plant-insect interactions and provide insight into potential means of biological control against mirid bugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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He Z, Yu Z, He X, Hao Y, Qiao L, Luo S, Zhang J, Chen B. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of odorant receptor genes in the malaria vector Anopheles sinensis. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:143. [PMID: 35461301 PMCID: PMC9034491 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The olfactory system plays a crucial role in regulating insect behaviors. The detection of odorants is mainly mediated by various odorant receptors (ORs) that are expressed in the dendrites of olfactory neurons of chemosensilla. Anophelessinensis is a major malaria vector in Eastern Asia and its genome has recently been successfully sequenced and annotated. In this study, we present genome-wide identification and expression profiling of OR genes in different chemosensory tissues of An.sinensis. Methods The OR genes were identified using the available genome sequences of An.sinensis. A series of bioinformatics analyses were conducted to investigate the structure, genome distribution, selective pressure and phylogenetic relationships of OR genes, the conserved domains and specific functional sites in the OR amino acid sequences. The expression levels of OR genes were analyzed from transcriptomic data from An.sinensis antennae, proboscis and maxillary palps of both sexes. Results A total of 59 putative OR genes have been identified and characterized in An.sinensis. This number is significantly less than that in An.gambiae. Whether this difference is caused by the contraction or expansion of OR genes after divergence of the two species remains unknown. The RNA-seq analysis showed that AsORs have obvious tissue- and sex-specific expression patterns. Most AsORs are highly expressed in the antennae and the expression pattern and number of AsORs expressed in antennae are similar in males and females. However, the relative levels of AsOR transcripts are much higher in female antennae than in male antennae, which indicates that the odor sensitivity is likely to be increased in female mosquitoes. Based on the expression patterns and previous studies, we have speculated on the functions of some OR genes but this needs to be validated by further behavioral, molecular and electrophysiological studies. Further studies are necessary to compare the olfactory-driven behaviors and identify receptors that respond strongly to components of human odors that may act in the process of human recognition. Conclusions This is the first genome-wide analysis of the entire repertoire of OR genes in An.sinensis. Characterized features and profiled expression patterns of ORs suggest their involvement in the odorous reception of this species. Our findings provide a basis for further research on the functions of OR genes and additional genetic and behavioral targets for more sustainable management of An.sinensis in the future. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05259-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbo He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengrong Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfei He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Youjin Hao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihui Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.
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Diversity and Molecular Evolution of Odorant Receptor in Hemipteran Insects. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020214. [PMID: 35206787 PMCID: PMC8878081 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Insects’ behavior and ecology are closely related to their chemosensory systems, during which odorant receptors (ORs) play an essential role in host recognition. Although OR gene evolution has been studied in many insect orders, a comprehensive evolutionary analysis and expression of OR gene gain and loss events among diverse hemipteran species are still needed. In this study, we identified and analyzed the OR genes from hemipteran species systematically. The number of OR genes discovered in each species ranged from less than ten to hundreds. Gene gain and loss events of OR have occurred in several species in the seven major clades classified through phylogenetic analysis. Then, we discovered the amino acid differences between species to understand the molecular evolution of OR in the order Hemiptera through positive selection. This study lays a foundation for subsequent investigations into the molecular mechanisms of Hemiptera olfactory receptors involved in host recognition. Abstract Olfaction is a critical physiologic process for insects to interact with the environment, especially plant-emitted volatiles, during which odorant receptors (ORs) play an essential role in host recognition. Although OR gene evolution has been studied in many insect orders, a comprehensive evolutionary analysis and expression of OR gene gain and loss events among diverse hemipteran species are still required. In this study, we identified and analyzed 887 OR genes from 11 hemipteran species. The number of OR genes discovered in each species ranged from less than ten to hundreds. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all identified Hemiptera OR genes were classified into seven major clades. Gene gain and loss events of OR have occurred in several species. Then, by positive selection, we discovered the amino acid differences between species to understand the molecular evolution of OR in the order Hemiptera. Additionally, we discussed how evolutionary analysis can aid the study of insect–plant communication. This study lays a foundation for subsequent investigations into the molecular mechanisms of Hemiptera olfactory receptors involved in host recognition.
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Xie J, Liu T, Yi C, Liu X, Tang H, Sun Y, Shi W, Khashaveh A, Zhang Y. Antenna-Biased Odorant Receptor HvarOR25 in Hippodamia variegata Tuned to Allelochemicals from Hosts and Habitat Involved in Perceiving Preys. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1090-1100. [PMID: 35072468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Odorant receptors (ORs) of ladybird Hippodamia variegata play vital chemosensory roles in searching and locating preys. In the current study, 37 ORs were initially identified from the antennal transcriptome of H. variegata. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that several HvarORs including HvarOR25 were specific or enriched in ladybird antennae. In two-electrode voltage clamp recordings, recombinant HvarOR25 was narrowly tuned to six chemical ligands including aphid-induced, aphid-derived, and plant-derived volatiles. In electroantennogram assays, all six volatiles elicited electrophysiological responses. Among the six volatiles, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, hexyl butyrate, hexyl hexanoate, and 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol were attractive for both sexes of H. variegata. Additionally, molecular docking indicated that HvarOR25 was bound to all ligands with high binding affinities. Taken together, HvarOR25 facilitates perception of preys by recognizing relevant allelochemicals from hosts and habitat. Our findings provide valuable insights into understanding biological functions of HvarORs and help to develop a novel biocontrol strategy based on olfactory-active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tinghui Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Chaoqun Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Haoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Wangpeng Shi
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Adel Khashaveh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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15
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The Expression of UGT46A1 Gene and Its Effect on Silkworm Feeding. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9081473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The silkworm, Bombyx mori, uses a complex olfactory system to determine whether the food is edible. As an odor degrading enzyme, UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) participates in the degradation of odor molecules in the olfactory system of the silkworm. By sequencing the whole genome of the silkworm NB and using comparative genomics methods, we found that UGT46A1 is unique in species that eat mulberry leaves. Bioinformatics shows that its function may be related to the feeding habits of the silkworm. In this study, it was found through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) that UGT46A1 was highly expressed in the heads of silkworms, which was consistent with the conjecture that UGT46A1 was involved in silkworm olfactory recognition. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to knock down the expression of UGT46A1. By observing the silkworm’s tendency toward mulberry leaves and food selectivity, it was found that the silkworms that successfully knocked down the UGT46A1 gene altered their feeding habits and that their ability to find food was weakened, but they could eat more leaves of plants other than mulberry leaves. This evidence indicates that UGT46A1 may affect the silkworm’s feeding by influencing the olfactory system of the silkworm.
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Morris BJ, Couto A, Aydin A, Montgomery SH. Re-emergence and diversification of a specialized antennal lobe morphology in ithomiine butterflies. Evolution 2021; 75:3191-3202. [PMID: 34383301 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
How an organism's sensory system functions is central to how it navigates its environment. The insect olfactory system is a prominent model for investigating how ecological factors impact sensory reception and processing. Notably, work in Lepidoptera led to the discovery of vastly expanded structures, termed macroglomerular complexes (MGCs), within the primary olfactory processing centre. MGCs typically process pheromonal cues, are usually larger in males, and provide classic examples of how variation in the size of neural structures reflects the importance of sensory cues. Though prevalent across moths, MGCs were lost during the origin of butterflies, consistent with evidence that courtship initiation in butterflies is primarily reliant on visual cues, rather than long distance chemical signals. However, an MGC was recently described in a species of ithomiine butterfly, suggesting that this once lost neural adaptation has re-emerged in this tribe. Here, we show that MGC-like morphologies are widely distributed across ithomiines, but vary in both their structure and prevalence of sexual dimorphism. Based on this interspecific variation we suggest that the ithomiine MGC is involved in processing both plant and pheromonal cues, which have similarities in their chemical constitution, and co-evolved with an increased importance of plant derived chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy J Morris
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antoine Couto
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Asli Aydin
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ernst DA, Westerman EL. Stage- and sex-specific transcriptome analyses reveal distinctive sensory gene expression patterns in a butterfly. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:584. [PMID: 34340656 PMCID: PMC8327453 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Animal behavior is largely driven by the information that animals are able to extract and process from their environment. However, the function and organization of sensory systems often change throughout ontogeny, particularly in animals that undergo indirect development. As an initial step toward investigating these ontogenetic changes at the molecular level, we characterized the sensory gene repertoire and examined the expression profiles of genes linked to vision and chemosensation in two life stages of an insect that goes through metamorphosis, the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Results Using RNA-seq, we compared gene expression in the heads of late fifth instar larvae and newly eclosed adults that were reared under identical conditions. Over 50 % of all expressed genes were differentially expressed between the two developmental stages, with 4,036 genes upregulated in larval heads and 4,348 genes upregulated in adult heads. In larvae, upregulated vision-related genes were biased toward those involved with eye development, while phototransduction genes dominated the vision genes that were upregulated in adults. Moreover, the majority of the chemosensory genes we identified in the B. anynana genome were differentially expressed between larvae and adults, several of which share homology with genes linked to pheromone detection, host plant recognition, and foraging in other species of Lepidoptera. Conclusions These results revealed promising candidates for furthering our understanding of sensory processing and behavior in the disparate developmental stages of butterflies and other animals that undergo metamorphosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07819-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Ernst
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 72701, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - Erica L Westerman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 72701, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Tian K, Liu W, Feng LK, Huang TY, Wang GR, Lin KJ. Functional characterization of pheromone receptor candidates in codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:445-456. [PMID: 32369668 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sex pheromones serve a critical role in Lepidopterans finding mates. Male moths perceive and react to sex pheromones emitted by conspecific females through a delicate pheromone communication system. Pheromone receptors (PRs) are the key sensory elements at the beginning of that process. The codling moth (Cydia pomnonella) is an important pome fruit pest globally and a serious invasive species in China. Pheromone-based techniques have been used successfully in monitoring and controlling this species. We conducted ribonucleic acid sequencing analysis of the codling moth antennal transcriptome and identified 66 odorant receptors (ORs) in a population from Xinjiang province, China, of which 14 were PRs, including two novel PRs (CpomOR2e and CpomOR73). Four PRs that contain full-length open reading frames (CpomOR1, OR2a, OR5, OR7) and four PRs with ligands that have not been reported previously (CpomOR1, OR2a, OR5, OR7) were selected to deorphanize in the heterologous Xenopus oocyte expression system. Specifically, we found that CpomOR2a and CpomOR5 responded to (E,E)-8, 10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (codlemone acetate). Furthermore, CpomOR5 (EC50 = 1.379 × 10-8 mol/L) was much more sensitive to codlemone acetate than CpomOR2a (EC50 = 1.663 × 10-6 mol/L). Since codlemone acetate is an important component of C. pomonella sex pheromone, our results improve the current understanding of pheromone communication in codling moths and will be helpful for the development of pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Kai Feng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tian-Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ke-Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xing Y, Thanasirungkul W, Adeel MM, Yu J, Aslam A, Chi DF. Identification and analysis of olfactory genes in Dioryctria abietella based on the antennal transcriptome. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 38:100814. [PMID: 33706113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The coneworm Dioryctria abietella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is an economy devastating pest that infests many valuable conifer species in the Holarctic regions, such as Pinus koraiensis Siebold and Zucc. The chemosensory system plays a crucial role in the mating, foraging, and ovipositing of this pest, and therefore it is desirable to identify chemosensory molecules for pest control. However, little is known at molecular level about the olfactory mechanisms in D. abietella. In the present study, we first established antennal transcriptomes of D. abietella and identified 132 putative chemosensory genes, including 15 odorant-binding proteins, 18 chemosensory proteins, 65 odorant receptors, 5 sensory neuron membrane proteins, 24 ionotropic receptors, and 5 gustatory receptors. In addition, phylogenetic trees were constructed for chemosensory genes to investigate the orthologs between D. abietella and other species of insects. Furthermore, we also compared the patterns of motifs between OBPs and CSPs using MEME. Additionally, we observed that most of DabiOBPs and DabiCSPs had the antenna-biased expression by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), and there was a higher expression of DabiPBP1 and DabiPBP2 in male antennae than in female antennae. The binding sites of DabiPBPs (DabiPBP1, DabiPBP2) and DabiPRs (DabiOR19, DabiOR31) to the sex pheromone were predicted well by three-dimensional docking structure modelling and molecular docking. Our finding supplied a foundation for further research on the binding process of OBPs or CSPs and sensing process of ORs, SNMPs, IRs or GRs in D. abietella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Xing
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Forest Ecosysttem Management of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wariya Thanasirungkul
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Forest Ecosysttem Management of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Muzammal Adeel
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Forest Ecosysttem Management of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Asad Aslam
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Forest Ecosysttem Management of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Fu Chi
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Forest Ecosysttem Management of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Liu J, Liu H, Yi J, Mao Y, Li J, Sun D, An Y, Wu H. Transcriptome Characterization and Expression Analysis of Chemosensory Genes in Chilo sacchariphagus (Lepidoptera Crambidae), a Key Pest of Sugarcane. Front Physiol 2021; 12:636353. [PMID: 33762968 PMCID: PMC7982955 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.636353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect chemoreception involves many families of genes, including odourant/pheromone binding proteins (OBP/PBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), odourant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), which play irreplaceable roles in mediating insect behaviors such as host location, foraging, mating, oviposition, and avoidance of danger. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of olfactory reception in Chilo sacchariphagus, which is a major pest of sugarcane. A set of 72 candidate chemosensory genes, including 31 OBPs/PBPs, 15 CSPs, 11 ORs, 13 IRs, and two SNMPs, were identified in four transcriptomes from different tissues and genders of C. sacchariphagus. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted on gene families and paralogs from other model insect species. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that most of these chemosensory genes exhibited antennae-biased expression, but some had high expression in bodies. Most of the identified chemosensory genes were likely involved in chemoreception. This study provides a molecular foundation for the function of chemosensory proteins, and an opportunity for understanding how C. sacchariphagus behaviors are mediated via chemical cues. This research might facilitate the discovery of novel strategies for pest management in agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbai Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiequn Yi
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongkai Mao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihu Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donglei Sun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxing An
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Gene Expression and Functional Analyses of Odorant Receptors in Small Hive Beetles ( Aethina tumida). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134582. [PMID: 32605135 PMCID: PMC7370172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is key to many insects. Odorant receptors (ORs) stand among the key chemosensory receptors mediating the detection of pheromones and kairomones. Small hive beetles (SHBs), Aethina tumida, are parasites of social bee colonies and olfactory cues are especially important for host finding. However, how interactions with their hosts may have shaped the evolution of ORs in the SHB remains poorly understood. Here, for the first time, we analyzed the evolution of SHB ORs through phylogenetic and positive selection analyses. We then tested the expression of selected OR genes in antennae, heads, and abdomens in four groups of adult SHBs: colony odor-experienced/-naive males and females. The results show that SHBs experienced both OR gene losses and duplications, thereby providing a first understanding of the evolution of SHB ORs. Additionally, three candidate ORs potentially involved in host finding and/or chemical communication were identified. Significantly different downregulations of ORs between the abdomens of male and female SHBs exposed to colony odors may reflect that these expression patterns might also reflect other internal events, e.g., oviposition. Altogether, these results provide novel insights into the evolution of SHB ORs and provide a valuable resource for analyzing the function of key genes, e.g., for developing biological control. These results will also help in understanding the chemosensory system in SHBs and other beetles.
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22
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Xu J, Liu W, Yang D, Chen S, Chen K, Liu Z, Yang X, Meng J, Zhu G, Dong S, Zhang Y, Zhan S, Wang G, Huang Y. Regulation of olfactory-based sex behaviors in the silkworm by genes in the sex-determination cascade. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008622. [PMID: 32520935 PMCID: PMC7307793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect courtship and mating depend on integration of olfactory, visual, and tactile cues. Compared to other insects, Bombyx mori, the domesticated silkworm, has relatively simple sexual behaviors as it cannot fly. Here by using CRISPR/Cas9 and electrophysiological techniques we found that courtship and mating behaviors are regulated in male silk moths by mutating genes in the sex determination cascade belonging to two conserved pathways. Loss of Bmdsx gene expression significantly reduced the peripheral perception of the major pheromone component bombykol by reducing expression of the product of the BmOR1 gene which completely blocked courtship in adult males. Interestingly, we found that mating behavior was regulated independently by another sexual differentiation gene, Bmfru. Loss of Bmfru completely blocked mating, but males displayed normal courtship behavior. Lack of Bmfru expression significantly reduced the perception of the minor pheromone component bombykal due to the down regulation of BmOR3 expression; further, functional analysis revealed that loss of the product of BmOR3 played a key role in terminating male mating behavior. Our results suggest that Bmdsx and Bmfru are at the base of the two primary pathways that regulate olfactory-based sexual behavior. The fundamental insect sexual behaviors, courtship and mating, result from successful integration of olfactory, vision, tactile and other complex innate behaviors. In the widely used insect model, Drosophila melanogaster, the sex determination cascade genes fruitless and doublesex are involved in the regulation of courtship and mating behaviors; however, little is known about the function of these sexual differentiation genes in regulating sex behaviors of Lepidoptera. Here we combine genetics and electrophysiology to investigate regulation pathway of sexual behaviors in the model lepidopteran insect, the domesticated silk moth, Bombyx mori. Our results support the presence of two genetic pathways in B. mori, named Bmdsx-BmOR1-bombykol and Bmfru-BmOR3-bombykal, which control distinct aspects of male sexual behavior that are modulated by olfaction. This is the first comprehensive report about the role of sex differentiation genes in the male sexual behavior in the silk moth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dehong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zulian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanheng Zhu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuanglin Dong
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Shuai Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (GW); (YH)
| | - Yongping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GW); (YH)
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23
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Jing D, Zhang T, Bai S, He K, Prabu S, Luan J, Wang Z. Sexual-biased gene expression of olfactory-related genes in the antennae of Conogethes pinicolalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:244. [PMID: 32188403 PMCID: PMC7081556 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conogethes pinicolalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is similar to Conogethes punctiferalis (yellow peach moth) and its host plant is gymnosperms, especially for masson pine. So far, less literature was reported on this pest. In the present study, we sequenced and characterized the antennal transcriptomes of male and female C. pinicolalis for the first time. RESULTS Totally, 26 odorant-binding protein (OBP) genes, 19 chemosensory protein (CSP) genes, 55 odorant receptor (OR) genes and 20 ionotropic receptor (IR) genes were identified from the C. pinicolalis antennae transcriptome and amino sequences were annotated against homologs of C. punctiferalis. The neighbor-joining tree indicated that the amino acid sequence of olfactory related genes is highly homologous with C. punctiferalis. Furthermore, the reference genes were selected, and we recommended the phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH) or ribosomal protein 49 gene (RP49) to verify the target gene expression during larval development stages and RP49 or ribosomal protein L13 gene (RPL13) for adult tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a starting point on the molecular level characterization between C. pinicolalis and C. punctiferalis, which might be supportive for pest management studies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161 China
| | - Tiantao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Shuxiong Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Kanglai He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Sivaprasath Prabu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Junbo Luan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161 China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
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24
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Yu J, Yang B, Chang Y, Zhang Y, Wang G. Identification of a General Odorant Receptor for Repellents in the Asian Corn Borer Ostrinia furnacalis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:176. [PMID: 32231586 PMCID: PMC7083148 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attractants and repellents are considered to be an environment-friendly approach for pest management. Odorant receptors (ORs), which are located on the dendritic membranes of olfactory sensory neurons in insects, are essential genes for recognizing attractants and repellents. In the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, ORs that respond to sex pheromones have been characterized, but general ORs for plant odorants, especially for repellents, have not been identified. Nonanal is a plant volatile of maize that could result in avoidance of the oviposition process for female adults in O. furnacalis. In this study, we identified a female-biased OR that responds to nonanal using a Xenopus oocyte expression system. In addition, we found that OfurOR27 was also sensitive to two other compounds, octanal and 1-octanol. Behavioral analysis showed that octanal and 1-octanol also caused female avoidance of oviposition. Our results indicated that OfurOR27 is an OR that is sensitive to repellents. Moreover, the two newly identified repellents may help to develop a chemical ecology approach for pest control in O. furnacalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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25
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Yan H, Jafari S, Pask G, Zhou X, Reinberg D, Desplan C. Evolution, developmental expression and function of odorant receptors in insects. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb208215. [PMID: 32034042 PMCID: PMC7790194 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.208215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Animals rely on their chemosensory system to discriminate among a very large number of attractive or repulsive chemical cues in the environment, which is essential to respond with proper action. The olfactory sensory systems in insects share significant similarities with those of vertebrates, although they also exhibit dramatic differences, such as the molecular nature of the odorant receptors (ORs): insect ORs function as heteromeric ion channels with a common Orco subunit, unlike the G-protein-coupled olfactory receptors found in vertebrates. Remarkable progress has recently been made in understanding the evolution, development and function of insect odorant receptor neurons (ORNs). These studies have uncovered the diversity of olfactory sensory systems among insect species, including in eusocial insects that rely extensively on olfactory sensing of pheromones for social communication. However, further studies, notably functional analyses, are needed to improve our understanding of the origins of the Orco-OR system, the mechanisms of ORN fate determination, and the extraordinary diversity of behavioral responses to chemical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yan
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste (UFCST), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Shadi Jafari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Gregory Pask
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Xiaofan Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Danny Reinberg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Claude Desplan
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
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26
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Sun YL, Dong JF, Gu N, Wang SL. Identification of Candidate Chemosensory Receptors in the Antennae of the Variegated Cutworm, Peridroma saucia Hübner, Based on a Transcriptome Analysis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:39. [PMID: 32082194 PMCID: PMC7005060 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect chemoreception, including olfaction and gustation, involves several families of genes, including odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and gustatory receptors (GRs). The variegated cutworm Peridroma saucia Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a worldwide agricultural pest that causes serious damage to many crops. To identify such olfactory and gustatory receptors in P. saucia, we performed a systematic analysis of the antennal transcriptome of adult P. saucia through Illumina sequencing. A total of 103 candidate chemosensory receptor genes were identified, including 63 putative ORs, 10 GRs, 24 IRs, and 6 ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). Phylogenetic relationships of these genes with those from other species were predicted, and specific chemosensory receptor genes were analyzed, including ORco, pheromone receptors (PRs), sugar receptors, CO2 receptors, and IR co-receptors. RT-qPCR analyses of these annotated genes revealed that 6 PRs were predominantly expressed in male antennae; 3 ORs, 1 GR, 2 IRs, and 2 iGluRs had higher expression levels in male than in female antennae; and 14 ORs, 1 GR, and 3 IRs had higher expression levels in female than in male antennae. This research increases the understanding of olfactory and gustatory systems in the antennae of P. saucia and facilitates the discovery of novel strategies for controlling this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lan Sun
- Forestry College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jun-Feng Dong
- Forestry College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Nan Gu
- Forestry College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shao-Li Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Catalán A, Briscoe AD, Höhna S. Drift and Directional Selection Are the Evolutionary Forces Driving Gene Expression Divergence in Eye and Brain Tissue of Heliconius Butterflies. Genetics 2019; 213:581-594. [PMID: 31467133 PMCID: PMC6781903 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating gene expression evolution over micro- and macroevolutionary timescales will expand our understanding of the role of gene expression in adaptation and speciation. In this study, we characterized the evolutionary forces acting on gene expression levels in eye and brain tissue of five Heliconius butterflies with divergence times of ∼5-12 MYA. We developed and applied Brownian motion (BM) and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) models to identify genes whose expression levels are evolving through drift, stabilizing selection, or a lineage-specific shift. We found that 81% of the genes evolve under genetic drift. When testing for branch-specific shifts in gene expression, we detected 368 (16%) shift events. Genes showing a shift toward upregulation have significantly lower gene expression variance than those genes showing a shift leading toward downregulation. We hypothesize that directional selection is acting in shifts causing upregulation, since transcription is costly. We further uncovered through simulations that parameter estimation of OU models is biased when using small phylogenies and only becomes reliable with phylogenies having ≥ 50 taxa. Therefore, we developed a new statistical test based on BM to identify highly conserved genes (i.e., evolving under strong stabilizing selection), which comprised 3% of the orthoclusters. In conclusion, we found that drift is the dominant evolutionary force driving gene expression evolution in eye and brain tissue in Heliconius Nevertheless, the higher proportion of genes evolving under directional than under stabilizing selection might reflect species-specific selective pressures on vision and the brain that are necessary to fulfill species-specific requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catalán
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), Uppsala University, 75236, Sweden
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Adriana D Briscoe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Sebastian Höhna
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology and Geobiology, 80333 Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
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28
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Walker WB, Roy A, Anderson P, Schlyter F, Hansson BS, Larsson MC. Transcriptome Analysis of Gene Families Involved in Chemosensory Function in Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). BMC Genomics 2019; 20:428. [PMID: 31138111 PMCID: PMC6540431 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deciphering the molecular mechanisms mediating the chemical senses, taste, and smell has been of vital importance for understanding the nature of how insects interact with their chemical environment. Several gene families are implicated in the uptake, recognition, and termination of chemical signaling, including binding proteins, chemosensory receptors and degrading enzymes. The cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis, is a phytophagous pest and current focal species for insect chemical ecology and neuroethology. Results We produced male and female Illumina-based transcriptomes from chemosensory and non-chemosensory tissues of S. littoralis, including the antennae, proboscis, brain and body carcass. We have annotated 306 gene transcripts from eight gene families with known chemosensory function, including 114 novel candidate genes. Odorant receptors responsive to floral compounds are expressed in the proboscis and may play a role in guiding proboscis probing behavior. In both males and females, expression of gene transcripts with known chemosensory function, including odorant receptors and pheromone-binding proteins, has been observed in brain tissue, suggesting internal, non-sensory function for these genes. Conclusions A well-curated set of annotated gene transcripts with putative chemosensory function is provided. This will serve as a resource for future chemosensory and transcriptomic studies in S. littoralis and closely related species. Collectively, our results expand current understanding of the expression patterns of genes with putative chemosensory function in insect sensory and non-sensory tissues. When coupled with functional data, such as the deorphanization of odorant receptors, the gene expression data can facilitate hypothesis generation, serving as a substrate for future studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5815-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Walker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Amit Roy
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, EXTEMIT-K, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, Prague 6, 165 21, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Anderson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Schlyter
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, EXTEMIT-K, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, Prague 6, 165 21, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Mattias C Larsson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
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29
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Kawamoto M, Jouraku A, Toyoda A, Yokoi K, Minakuchi Y, Katsuma S, Fujiyama A, Kiuchi T, Yamamoto K, Shimada T. High-quality genome assembly of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 107:53-62. [PMID: 30802494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In 2008, the genome assembly and gene models for the domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori, were published by a Japanese and Chinese collaboration group. However, the genome assembly contains a non-negligible number of misassembled and gap regions due to the presence of many repetitive sequences within the silkworm genome. The erroneous genome assembly occasionally causes incorrect gene prediction. Here we performed hybrid assembly based on 140 × deep sequencing of long (PacBio) and short (Illumina) reads. The remaining gaps in the initial genome assembly were closed using BAC and Fosmid sequences, giving a new total length of 460.3 Mb, with 30 gap regions and an N50 comprising 16.8 Mb in scaffolds and 12.2 Mb in contigs. More RNA-seq and piRNA-seq reads were mapped on the new genome assembly compared with the previous version, indicating that the new genome assembly covers more transcribed regions, including repetitive elements. We performed gene prediction based on the new genome assembly using available mRNA and protein sequence data. The number of gene models was 16,880 with an N50 of 2154 bp. The new gene models reflected more accurate coding sequences and gene sets than old ones. The proportion of repetitive elements was also reestimated using the new genome assembly, and was calculated to be 46.8% in the silkworm genome. The new genome assembly and gene models are provided in SilkBase (http://silkbase.ab.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp).
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Affiliation(s)
- Munetaka Kawamoto
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akiya Jouraku
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan; Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kakeru Yokoi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Yohei Minakuchi
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Susumu Katsuma
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Asao Fujiyama
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan; Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takashi Kiuchi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Kimiko Yamamoto
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan.
| | - Toru Shimada
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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Transcriptome characterization and gene expression analysis related to chemoreception in Trichogramma chilonis, an egg parasitoid. Gene 2018; 678:288-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yuvaraj JK, Andersson MN, Corcoran JA, Anderbrant O, Löfstedt C. Functional characterization of odorant receptors from Lampronia capitella suggests a non-ditrysian origin of the lepidopteran pheromone receptor clade. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 100:39-47. [PMID: 29894821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The odorant receptors (ORs) of insects are crucial for host and mate recognition. In moths (Lepidoptera), specialized ORs are involved in male detection of the sex pheromone produced by females. Most moth sex pheromones are C10-C18 acetates, alcohols, and aldehydes (Type I pheromones), and most pheromone receptors (PRs) characterized to date are from higher Lepidoptera (Ditrysia), responding to these types of compounds. With few exceptions, functionally characterized PRs fall into what has been called the "PR-clade", which also contains receptors that have yet to be characterized. While it has been suggested that moth PRs have evolved from plant odor-detecting ORs, it is not known when receptors for Type I pheromones arose. This is largely due to a lack of functionally characterized PRs from non-ditrysian Lepidoptera. The currant shoot borer moth, Lampronia capitella (Prodoxidae), belongs to a non-ditrysian lineage, and uses Type I pheromone compounds. We identified 53 ORs from antennal transcriptomes of this species, and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships with known lepidopteran ORs. Using a HEK293 cell-based assay, we showed that three of the LcapORs with male-biased expression (based on FPKM values) respond to Type I pheromone compounds. Two of them responded to pheromone components of L. capitella and one to a structurally related compound. These PRs are the first from a non-ditrysian moth species reported to respond to Type I compounds. They belong to two of the more early-diverging subfamilies of the PR-clade for which a role in pheromone detection had not previously been demonstrated. Hence, our definition of the monophyletic lepidopteran PR-clade includes these receptors from a non-ditrysian species, based on functional support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacob A Corcoran
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Olle Anderbrant
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
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Wang B, Liu Y, Wang GR. Proceeding From in vivo Functions of Pheromone Receptors: Peripheral-Coding Perception of Pheromones From Three Closely Related Species, Helicoverpa armigera, H. assulta, and Heliothis virescens. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1188. [PMID: 30214413 PMCID: PMC6125646 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three closely related species, Helicoverpa armigera, H. assulta, and Heliothis virescens from Lepidoptera Noctuidae, are used as a model system for exploring sexual communication and species isolation. Pheromone receptors (PRs) previously discovered in model moth species include seven in H. armigera, six in H. assulta, and six in H. virescens. PRs named OR6, OR13, and OR16 among these species were found to be functional, characterized by an in vitro Xenopus oocytes system. Using an in vivo transgenic fly system, functional assays of OR6, OR13, and OR16 clades from three closely related Noctuidae species showed that OR13 function was highly conserved, whereas OR6 and OR16 exhibited functional divergence. Similar results were produced from assays in the Xenopus oocytes system. Combined with earlier behavioral results and electrophysiological recordings, we found corresponding relationships among pheromones, PRs, and neurons at the periphery sensory system of each species. Our results provide vital information at the neuronal and molecular level, shedding insight into the sexual communication of closely related species in Lepidoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Catalán A, Macias-Muñoz A, Briscoe AD. Evolution of Sex-Biased Gene Expression and Dosage Compensation in the Eye and Brain of Heliconius Butterflies. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35:2120-2134. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catalán
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA
- Section of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Aide Macias-Muñoz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Adriana D Briscoe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA
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Sinakevitch I, Bjorklund GR, Newbern JM, Gerkin RC, Smith BH. Comparative study of chemical neuroanatomy of the olfactory neuropil in mouse, honey bee, and human. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2018; 112:127-140. [PMID: 28852854 PMCID: PMC5832527 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-017-0728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite divergent evolutionary origins, the organization of olfactory systems is remarkably similar across phyla. In both insects and mammals, sensory input from receptor cells is initially processed in synaptically dense regions of neuropil called glomeruli, where neural activity is shaped by local inhibition and centrifugal neuromodulation prior to being sent to higher-order brain areas by projection neurons. Here we review both similarities and several key differences in the neuroanatomy of the olfactory system in honey bees, mice, and humans, using a combination of literature review and new primary data. We have focused on the chemical identity and the innervation patterns of neuromodulatory inputs in the primary olfactory system. Our findings show that serotonergic fibers are similarly distributed across glomeruli in all three species. Octopaminergic/tyraminergic fibers in the honey bee also have a similar distribution, and possibly a similar function, to noradrenergic fibers in the mammalian OBs. However, preliminary evidence suggests that human OB may be relatively less organized than its counterparts in honey bee and mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Sinakevitch
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4501, USA.
| | - George R Bjorklund
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4501, USA
| | - Jason M Newbern
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4501, USA
| | - Richard C Gerkin
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4501, USA
| | - Brian H Smith
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4501, USA.
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Yuvaraj JK, Corcoran JA, Andersson MN, Newcomb RD, Anderbrant O, Löfstedt C. Characterization of Odorant Receptors from a Non-ditrysian Moth, Eriocrania semipurpurella Sheds Light on the Origin of Sex Pheromone Receptors in Lepidoptera. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 34:2733-2746. [PMID: 29126322 PMCID: PMC5850608 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheromone receptors (PRs) are essential in moths to detect sex pheromones for mate finding. However, it remains unknown from which ancestral proteins these specialized receptors arose. The oldest lineages of moths, so-called non-ditrysian moths, use short-chain pheromone components, secondary alcohols, or ketones, so called Type 0 pheromones that are similar to many common plant volatiles. It is, therefore, possible that receptors for these ancestral pheromones evolved from receptors detecting plant volatiles. Hence, we identified the odorant receptors (ORs) from a non-ditrysian moth, Eriocrania semipurpurella (Eriocraniidae, Lepidoptera), and performed functional characterization of ORs using HEK293 cells. We report the first receptors that respond to Type 0 pheromone compounds; EsemOR3 displayed highest sensitivity toward (2S, 6Z)-6-nonen-2-ol, whereas EsemOR5 was most sensitive to the behavioral antagonist (Z)-6-nonen-2-one. These receptors also respond to plant volatiles of similar chemical structures, but with lower sensitivity. Phylogenetically, EsemOR3 and EsemOR5 group with a plant volatile-responding receptor from the tortricid moth Epiphyas postvittana (EposOR3), which together reside outside the previously defined lepidopteran PR clade that contains the PRs from more derived lepidopteran families. In addition, one receptor (EsemOR1) that falls at the base of the lepidopteran PR clade, responded specifically to β-caryophyllene and not to any other additional plant or pheromone compounds. Our results suggest that PRs for Type 0 pheromones have evolved from ORs that detect structurally-related plant volatiles. They are unrelated to PRs detecting pheromones in more derived Lepidoptera, which, in turn, also independently may have evolved a novel function from ORs detecting plant volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard D Newcomb
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Fleischer J, Pregitzer P, Breer H, Krieger J. Access to the odor world: olfactory receptors and their role for signal transduction in insects. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:485-508. [PMID: 28828501 PMCID: PMC11105692 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The sense of smell enables insects to recognize and discriminate a broad range of volatile chemicals in their environment originating from prey, host plants and conspecifics. These olfactory cues are received by olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that relay information about food sources, oviposition sites and mates to the brain and thus elicit distinct odor-evoked behaviors. Research over the last decades has greatly advanced our knowledge concerning the molecular basis underlying the reception of odorous compounds and the mechanisms of signal transduction in OSNs. The emerging picture clearly indicates that OSNs of insects recognize odorants and pheromones by means of ligand-binding membrane proteins encoded by large and diverse families of receptor genes. In contrast, the mechanisms of the chemo-electrical transduction process are not fully understood; the present status suggests a contribution of ionotropic as well as metabotropic mechanisms. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge on the peripheral mechanisms of odor sensing in insects focusing on olfactory receptors and their specific role in the recognition and transduction of odorant and pheromone signals by OSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Fleischer
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pablo Pregitzer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heinz Breer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krieger
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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37
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Clavijo McCormick A, Grosse-Wilde E, Wheeler D, Mescher MC, Hansson BS, De Moraes CM. Comparing the Expression of Olfaction-Related Genes in Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar) Adult Females and Larvae from One Flightless and Two Flight-Capable Populations. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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38
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Yang S, Cao D, Wang G, Liu Y. Identification of Genes Involved in Chemoreception in Plutella xyllostella by Antennal Transcriptome Analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11941. [PMID: 28931846 PMCID: PMC5607341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Perception of environmental and habitat cues is of significance for insect survival and reproduction. Odor detection in insects is mediated by a number of proteins in antennae such as odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), odorant binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) and odorant degrading enzymes. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the adult male and female antennal transcriptomes of a destructive agricultural pest, the diamondback moth Plutella xyllostella. In these transcriptomes, we identified transcripts belonging to 6 chemoreception gene families related to ordor detection, including 54 ORs, 16 IRs, 7 gustatory receptors (GRs), 15 CSPs, 24 OBPs and 2 SNMPs. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis of expression patterns indicated that some of these ORs and IRs have clear sex-biased and tissue-specific expression patterns. Our results lay the foundation for future characterization of the functions of these P. xyllostella chemosensory receptors at the molecular level and development of novel semiochemicals for integrated control of this agricultural pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Yang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Depan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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39
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Eyun SI, Soh HY, Posavi M, Munro JB, Hughes DS, Murali SC, Qu J, Dugan S, Lee SL, Chao H, Dinh H, Han Y, Doddapaneni H, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Park EO, Silva JC, Gibbs RA, Richards S, Lee CE. Evolutionary History of Chemosensory-Related Gene Families across the Arthropoda. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:1838-1862. [PMID: 28460028 PMCID: PMC5850775 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory-related gene (CRG) families have been studied extensively in insects, but their evolutionary history across the Arthropoda had remained relatively unexplored. Here, we address current hypotheses and prior conclusions on CRG family evolution using a more comprehensive data set. In particular, odorant receptors were hypothesized to have proliferated during terrestrial colonization by insects (hexapods), but their association with other pancrustacean clades and with independent terrestrial colonizations in other arthropod subphyla have been unclear. We also examine hypotheses on which arthropod CRG family is most ancient. Thus, we reconstructed phylogenies of CRGs, including those from new arthropod genomes and transcriptomes, and mapped CRG gains and losses across arthropod lineages. Our analysis was strengthened by including crustaceans, especially copepods, which reside outside the hexapod/branchiopod clade within the subphylum Pancrustacea. We generated the first high-resolution genome sequence of the copepod Eurytemora affinis and annotated its CRGs. We found odorant receptors and odorant binding proteins present only in hexapods (insects) and absent from all other arthropod lineages, indicating that they are not universal adaptations to land. Gustatory receptors likely represent the oldest chemosensory receptors among CRGs, dating back to the Placozoa. We also clarified and confirmed the evolutionary history of antennal ionotropic receptors across the Arthropoda. All antennal ionotropic receptors in E. affinis were expressed more highly in males than in females, suggestive of an association with male mate-recognition behavior. This study is the most comprehensive comparative analysis to date of CRG family evolution across the largest and most speciose metazoan phylum Arthropoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-il Eyun
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Ho Young Soh
- Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea
| | - Marijan Posavi
- Center of Rapid Evolution (CORE) and Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - James B. Munro
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Shwetha C. Murali
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jiaxin Qu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Shannon Dugan
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sandra L. Lee
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hsu Chao
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Huyen Dinh
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yi Han
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Kim C. Worley
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Donna M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Eun-Ok Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea
| | - Joana C. Silva
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Stephen Richards
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Carol Eunmi Lee
- Center of Rapid Evolution (CORE) and Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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40
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Garczynski SF, Martin JA, Griset M, Willett LS, Cooper WR, Swisher KD, Unruh TR. CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) CpomOR1 Gene Affects Egg Production and Viability. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:1847-1855. [PMID: 28854653 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a major pest of pome fruit worldwide. Incorporation of semiochemicals, including the main sex pheromone (codlemone), into codling moth IPM programs has drastically reduced the amount of chemical insecticides needed to control this orchard pest. Odorant receptors located in sensory neuron membranes in the antennae are key sensors in the detection of semiochemicals and trigger downstream signaling events leading to a behavioral response. CpomOR1 is an odorant receptor belonging to the pheromone receptor subfamily in codling moth, and is a prime candidate for being a codlemone receptor based on its high expression levels in male antennae. In this study, the CpomOR1 gene was targeted using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to knockdown functional OR1 protein production to determine physiological function(s). By injecting early stage eggs, mutations were successfully introduced, including both deletions and insertions. When attempting to create stable populations of codling moth through mating of males with females containing mutations of the CpomOR1 gene, it was found that fecundity and fertility were affected, with edited females producing nonviable eggs. The role of CpomOR1 in fecundity and fertility in codling moth is unknown and will be the focus of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica A Martin
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA 98951
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Margaret Griset
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA 98951
- Department of Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Laura S Willett
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA 98951
| | - W Rodney Cooper
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA 98951
| | - Kylie D Swisher
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA 98951
| | - Thomas R Unruh
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA 98951
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41
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Feng B, Guo Q, Zheng K, Qin Y, Du Y. Antennal transcriptome analysis of the piercing moth Oraesia emarginata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179433. [PMID: 28614384 PMCID: PMC5470721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The piercing fruit moth Oraesia emarginata is an economically significant pest; however, our understanding of its olfactory mechanisms in infestation is limited. The present study conducted antennal transcriptome analysis of olfactory genes using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis (RT-qPCR). We identified a total of 104 candidate chemosensory genes from several gene families, including 35 olfactory receptors (ORs), 41 odorant-binding proteins, 20 chemosensory proteins, 6 ionotropic receptors, and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins. Seven candidate pheromone receptors (PRs) and 3 candidate pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) for sex pheromone recognition were found. OemaOR29 and OemaPBP1 had the highest fragments per kb per million fragments (FPKM) values in all ORs and OBPs, respectively. Eighteen olfactory genes were upregulated in females, including 5 candidate PRs, and 20 olfactory genes were upregulated in males, including 2 candidate PRs (OemaOR29 and 4) and 2 PBPs (OemaPBP1 and 3). These genes may have roles in mediating sex-specific behaviors. Most candidate olfactory genes of sex pheromone recognition (except OemaOR29 and OemaPBP3) in O. emarginata were not clustered with those of studied noctuid species (type I pheromone). In addition, OemaOR29 was belonged to cluster PRIII, which comprise proteins that recognize type II pheromones instead of type I pheromones. The structure and function of olfactory genes that encode sex pheromones in O. emarginata might thus differ from those of other studied noctuids. The findings of the present study may help explain the molecular mechanism underlying olfaction and the evolution of olfactory genes encoding sex pheromones in O. emarginata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Feng
- Institute of Health and Environmental Ecology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianshuang Guo
- Institute of Health and Environmental Ecology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaidi Zheng
- Institute of Health and Environmental Ecology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanxia Qin
- Department of Research and Development, Newcon Inc., Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongjun Du
- Institute of Health and Environmental Ecology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Summary
Odorants provide insects with crucial information about their environment and trigger various insect behaviors. A remarkably sensitive and selective sense of smell allows the animals to detect extremely low amounts of relevant odorants and thereby recognize, e.g., food, conspecifics, and predators. In recent years, significant progress has been made towards understanding the molecular elements and cellular mechanisms of odorant detection in the antenna and the principles underlying the primary processing of olfactory signals in the brain. These findings show that olfactory hairs on the antenna are specifically equipped with chemosensory detector units. They contain several binding proteins, which transfer odorants to specific receptors residing in the dendritic membrane of olfactory sensory neurons (OSN). Binding of odorant to the receptor initiates ionotropic and/or metabotropic mechanisms, translating the chemical signal into potential changes, which alter the spontaneous action potential frequency in the axon of the sensory neurons. The odor-dependent action potentials propagate from the antennae along the axon to the brain leading to an input signal within the antennal lobe. In the antennal lobe, the first relay station for olfactory information, the input signals are extensively processed by a complex network of local interneurons before being relayed by projection neurons to higher brain centers, where olfactory perception takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Sachse
- Abt. Evolutionäre Neuroethologie, Max Planck Institut für Chemische Ökologie Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krieger
- Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Physiologie (230) Garbenstr. 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Sheng S, Liao CW, Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Song WM, He P, Zhang J, Wu FA. Candidate chemosensory genes identified in the endoparasitoid Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) by antennal transcriptome analysis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2017; 22:20-31. [PMID: 28187311 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Meteorus pulchricornis is an endoparasitoid wasp which attacks the larvae of various lepidopteran pests. We present the first antennal transcriptome dataset for M. pulchricornis. A total of 48,845,072 clean reads were obtained and 34,967 unigenes were assembled. Of these, 15,458 unigenes showed a significant similarity (E-value <10-5) to known proteins in the NCBI non-redundant protein database. Gene ontology (GO) and cluster of orthologous groups (COG) analyses were used to classify the functions of M. pulchricornis antennae genes. We identified 16 putative odorant-binding protein (OBP) genes, eight chemosensory protein (CSP) genes, 99 olfactory receptor (OR) genes, 19 ionotropic receptor (IR) genes and one sensory neuron membrane protein (SNMP) gene. BLASTx best hit results and phylogenetic analysis both indicated that these chemosensory genes were most closely related to those found in other hymenopteran species. Real-time quantitative PCR assays showed that 14 MpulOBP genes were antennae-specific. Of these, MpulOBP6, MpulOBP9, MpulOBP10, MpulOBP12, MpulOBP15 and MpulOBP16 were found to have greater expression in the antennae than in other body parts, while MpulOBP2 and MpulOBP3 were expressed predominately in the legs and abdomens, respectively. These results might provide a foundation for future studies of olfactory genes and chemoreception in M. pulchricornis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Sheng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China.
| | - Cheng-Wu Liao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Wen-Miao Song
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Fu-An Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China.
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44
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Ge X, Zhang T, Wang Z, He K, Bai S. Identification of putative chemosensory receptor genes from yellow peach moth Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée) antennae transcriptome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32636. [PMID: 27659493 PMCID: PMC5034240 DOI: 10.1038/srep32636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis, is an extremely important polyphagous insect in Asia. The chemosensory systems of moth play an important role in detecting food, oviposition sites and mate attraction. Several antennal chemosensory receptors are involved in odor detection. Our study aims to identify chemosensory receptor genes for potential applications in behavioral responses of yellow peach moth. By transcriptomic analysis of male and female antennae, 83 candidate chemosensory receptors, including 62 odorant receptors, 11 ionotropic receptors and 10 gustatory receptors were identified. Through Blast and sequence alignment, the highly conserved co-receptor Orco was annotated, eight unigenes clustered into pheromone receptors, and two clustered as sugar receptor. Among the IRs, one unigenes was similar with co-receptors IR25a. Expression levels of 50 odorant receptors were further evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR in antennae. All the ORs tested were detected in antennae and some of which were associated with sex-biased expression. The chemosensory receptors identified in C. punctiferalis provide a foundational resource for further analysis on olfaction for behavior. The expression profiles of ORs in antennae indicated variant functions in olfactory recognition, and our results provided the possibility for the potential application of semiochemical to control this pest moth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tiantao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kanglai He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuxiong Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
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A Female-Biased Odorant Receptor from Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) Tuned to Some Plant Odors. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081165. [PMID: 27483241 PMCID: PMC5000588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a serious pest of cotton, jujube, grape and many other crops around the world. Understanding how olfactory information directs this insect to its host plants may provide environment-friendly approaches to the control of its population in agriculture. In our study, we cloned an odorant receptor gene, AlucOR46, that was specifically expressed in antennae and female-biased. Functional expression of AlucOR46 in Xenopus oocytes showed that it is tuned to six plant volatiles (S)-(−)-Limonene, (R)-(+)-Limonene, (E)-2-Hexenal, (E)-3-Hexenol, 1-Heptanol and (1R)-(−)-Myrtenol. Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings revealed that all six compounds could elicit electrophysiological responses from the antennae of A. lucorum, higher in females. Our results are in agreement with previous reports showing that (E)-2-Hexenal could attract female A. lucorum in behavior experiments. These results suggest that AlucOR46 might play an important role in locating the host plants of A. lucorum and therefore represents a suitable target for green pest control.
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46
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Antennal transcriptome and differential expression of olfactory genes in the yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Sci Rep 2016; 6:29067. [PMID: 27364081 PMCID: PMC4929561 DOI: 10.1038/srep29067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The yellow peach moth (YPM), Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée), is a multivoltine insect pest of crops and fruits. Antennal-expressed receptors are important for insects to detect olfactory cues for host finding, mate attraction and oviposition site selection. However, few olfactory related genes were reported in YPM until now. In the present study, we sequenced and characterized the antennal transcriptomes of male and female YPM. In total, 15 putative odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 46 putative odorant receptors (ORs) and 7 putative ionotropic receptors (IRs) were annotated and identified as olfactory-related genes of C. punctiferalis. Further analysis of RT-qPCR revealed that all these olfactory genes are primarily or uniquely expressed in male and female antennae. Among which, 3 OBPs (OBP4, OBP8 and PBP2) and 4 ORs (OR22, OR26, OR44 and OR46) were specially expressed in male antennae, whereas 4 ORs (OR5, OR16, OR25 and OR42) were primarily expressed in female antennae. The predicted protein sequences were compared with homologs in other lepidopteran species and model insects, which showed high sequence homologies between C. punctiferalis and O. furnacalis. Our work allows for further functional studies of pheromone and general odorant detection genes, which might be meaningful targets for pest management.
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Qu SX, Li HP, Ma L, Song JD. Insights Into the Evolution of Chemoreceptor Genes Superfamily in Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:753-759. [PMID: 27113112 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
All living organisms, including animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria, use the olfactory system to recognize chemicals or pheromone from their environment. Insects detect a volatile substance using odorant receptors (ORs) or gustatory receptors (GRs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs). The gene families of the olfactory system in Acari are still not clear. In this study, we identified seven ORs, one GR, and five IRs from the transcriptome of the storage mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank. No olfactory coreceptor was found in this transcriptome. Phylogenetic analysis of these gene families with other Arthropoda species revealed the conservation of carbon dioxide receptors in all tested flying insects and T. putrescentiae Most of these ORs and GRs were unique to three mosquitoes (Anopheles gambiae Giles, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and Aedes aegypti L.), Ixodes scapularis Say and Pediculus humanus L., indicating their involvement in specific aspects of both gustatory and olfactory perception. Some clades contained receptors obtained from all tested insect vector species, indicating a degree of conservation among some vector-dependent OR lineages. IRs family was a highly dynamic and independent original of the chemoreceptor genes subfamily. Our findings would make it possible for future research on the chemosensory recognition mechanism in Acari.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Qu
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling St., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China (; ; ; ), and
| | - H P Li
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling St., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China (; ; ; ), and
| | - L Ma
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling St., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China (; ; ; ), and
| | - J D Song
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling St., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China (; ; ; ), and
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48
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Identification and tissue expression profile of genes from three chemoreceptor families in an urban pest, Periplaneta americana. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27495. [PMID: 27279336 PMCID: PMC4899716 DOI: 10.1038/srep27495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Periplaneta americana is a notorious urban pest prevalent in human habitats; very little is known about its chemosensory mechanism. Employing the advanced next-generation sequencing technique, in the present study, we conducted transcriptome sequencing and analysis of the antennae of the adult males and females as well as their mouthparts using an Illumina platform. This resulted in the discovery of a huge number of the members of all major known chemosensory receptor families in P. americana, including 96 odorant receptors (ORs), 53 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 33 gustatory receptors (GRs). Tissue expression profiles showed most of them mainly expressed in antennae and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the expansion in the clade distinguishing them from other functionally well-known Lepidoptera species. A high percentage of chemosensory receptor genes (ORs in particular) showing female antenna bias in mRNA expression was observed. Our results provide a basis for further investigations on how P. americana coordinates its chemosensory receptor genes in chemical communication with environments, and for development of novel pest management approaches.
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49
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Ahmed T, Zhang T, Wang Z, He K, Bai S. Gene set of chemosensory receptors in the polyembryonic endoparasitoid Macrocentrus cingulum. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24078. [PMID: 27090020 PMCID: PMC4835793 DOI: 10.1038/srep24078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects are extremely successful animals whose odor perception is very prominent due to their sophisticated olfactory system. The main chemosensory organ, antennae play a critical role in detecting odor in ambient environment before initiating appropriate behavioral responses. The antennal chemosensory receptor genes families have been suggested to be involved in olfactory signal transduction pathway as a sensory neuron response. The Macrocentrus cingulum is deployed successfully as a biological control agent for corn pest insects from the Lepidopteran genus Ostrinia. In this research, we assembled antennal transcriptomes of M. cingulum by using next generation sequencing to identify the major chemosensory receptors gene families. In total, 112 olfactory receptors candidates (79 odorant receptors, 20 gustatory receptors, and 13 ionotropic receptors) have been identified from the male and female antennal transcriptome. The sequences of all of these transcripts were confirmed by RT-PCR, and direct DNA sequencing. Expression profiles of gustatory receptors in olfactory and non-olfactory tissues were measured by RT-qPCR. The sex-specific and sex-biased chemoreceptors expression patterns suggested that they may have important functions in sense detection which behaviorally relevant to odor molecules. This reported result provides a comprehensive resource of the foundation in semiochemicals driven behaviors at molecular level in polyembryonic endoparasitoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tofael Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory for the Biology of the Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Ishurdi-6620, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Tiantao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Biology of the Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Biology of the Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kanglai He
- State Key Laboratory for the Biology of the Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuxiong Bai
- State Key Laboratory for the Biology of the Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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50
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Xu W, Papanicolaou A, Zhang HJ, Anderson A. Expansion of a bitter taste receptor family in a polyphagous insect herbivore. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23666. [PMID: 27032373 PMCID: PMC4817054 DOI: 10.1038/srep23666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Insect taste system plays a central role in feeding behaviours and co-evolution of insect-host interactions. Gustatory receptors form the interface between the insect taste system and the environment. From genome and transcriptome sequencing we identified 197 novel gustatory receptor (GR) genes from the polyphagous pest Helicoverpa armigera. These GRs include a significantly expanded bitter receptor family (180 GRs) that could be further divided into three categories based on polypeptide lengths, gene structure and amino acid sequence. Type 1 includes 29 bitter Gr genes that possess introns. Type 2 includes 13 long intronless bitter Gr genes, while Type 3 comprises 131 short intronless bitter Gr genes. Calcium imaging analysis demonstrated that three Type 3 GRs (HarmGR35, HarmGR50 and HarmGR195) can be activated by a crude extract of cotton leaves. HarmGR195, a GR specifically and selectively expressed in adult tarsi, showed a specific response to proline, an amino acid widely present in plant tissues. We hypothesise that the expansion in the H. armigera GR family may be functionally tied to its polyphagous behavior. Understanding the molecular basis of polyphagy may provide opportunities for the development of new environmentally friendly pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Black Mountain, ACT, Australia 2601.,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia 6150
| | | | - Hui-Jie Zhang
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Black Mountain, ACT, Australia 2601
| | - Alisha Anderson
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Black Mountain, ACT, Australia 2601
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