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Warsi S, Chicas-Mosier AM, Balusu RR, Jacobson AL, Fadamiro HY. Direct and Indirect Competitive Interactions between Ooencyrtus nezarae and Paratelenomus saccharalis Parasitizing Megacopta cribraria Egg Patches. INSECTS 2022; 14:35. [PMID: 36661963 PMCID: PMC9863137 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated egg parasitoid interspecific interactions between a generalist, Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and a specialist, Paratelenomus saccharalis Dodd (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) in a laboratory setting using kudzu bug (Megacopta cribraria Fabricius, (Hemiptera: Plataspidae)) eggs as their shared host. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the emergence of wasps from parasitized hosts after the simultaneous and sequential release of wasps, monitor aggressive behavior of P. saccharalis, and quantify intraguild predation of O. nezarae larvae on heterospecific P. saccharalis larvae. Results showed that total host egg parasitism was higher when both wasps were released simultaneously than if wasps were released sequentially. Ooencyrtus nezarae produced more total offspring than P. saccharalis in all sequential/simultaneous treatments but produced male offspring in most cases. In the aggressive behavioral experiment, specialist, P. saccharalis used head butting to fight O. nezarae, but no other aggressions were observed. In an experiment examining intraguild predation, O. nezarae was able to develop in host eggs parasitized by P. saccharalis four days earlier, acting as a superior larval competitor. These findings shed light on the potential interspecific interactions between O. nezarae and P. saccharalis, which may determine their relative abundance and influence their compatibility in kudzu bug biological control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanower Warsi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ana M. Chicas-Mosier
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Rammohan R. Balusu
- BASF Agricultural Products Group, Research Triangle, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Alana L. Jacobson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Henry Y. Fadamiro
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Ward SF, Aukema BH, Fei S, Liebhold AM. Warm temperatures increase population growth of a nonnative defoliator and inhibit demographic responses by parasitoids. Ecology 2020; 101:e03156. [PMID: 32740922 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Changes in thermal regimes that disparately affect hosts and parasitoids could release hosts from biological control. When multiple natural enemy species share a host, shifts in host-parasitoid dynamics could depend on whether natural enemies interact antagonistically vs. synergistically. We investigated how biotic and abiotic factors influence the population ecology of larch casebearer (Coleophora laricella), a nonnative pest, and two imported parasitoids, Agathis pumila and Chrysocharis laricinellae, by analyzing (1) temporal dynamics in defoliation from 1962 to 2018, and (2) historical, branch-level data on densities of larch casebearer and parasitism rates by the two imported natural enemies from 1972 to 1995. Analyses of defoliation indicated that, prior to the widespread establishment of parasitoids (1962 to ~1980), larch casebearer outbreaks occurred in 2-6 yr cycles. This pattern was followed by a >15-yr period during which populations were at low, apparently stable densities undetectable via aerial surveys, presumably under control from parasitoids. However, since the late 1990s and despite the persistence of both parasitoids, outbreaks exhibiting unstable dynamics have occurred. Analyses of branch-level data indicated that growth of casebearer populations, A. pumila populations, and within-casebearer densities of C. laricinellae-a generalist whose population dynamics are likely also influenced by use of alternative hosts-were inhibited by density dependence, with high intraspecific densities in one year slowing growth into the next. Casebearer population growth was also inhibited by parasitism from A. pumila, but not C. laricinellae, and increased with warmer autumnal temperatures. Growth of A. pumila populations and within-casebearer densities of C. laricinellae increased with casebearer densities but decreased with warmer annual maximum temperatures. Moreover, parasitism by A. pumila was associated with increased growth of within-casebearer densities of C. laricinellae without adverse effects on its own demographics, indicating a synergistic interaction between these parasitoids. Our results indicate that warming can be associated with opposing effects between trophic levels, with deleterious effects of warming on one natural enemy species potentially being exacerbated by similar impacts on another. Coupling of such parasitoid responses with positive responses of hosts to warming might have contributed to the return of casebearer outbreaks to North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel F Ward
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Brian H Aukema
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Songlin Fei
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Andrew M Liebhold
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, USA.,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, CZ 165 21, Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
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3
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Iranipour S, BenaMoleai P, Asgari S, Michaud JP. Foraging egg parasitoids, Trissolcus vassilievi (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), respond to host density and conspecific competitors in a patchy laboratory environment. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:760-769. [PMID: 31879783 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The egg parasitoid Trissolcus vassilievi (Mayr) is a key natural enemy of sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae). This laboratory study examined how the aggregation of parasitoids varied in response to host density and numbers of foraging conspecifics. Five host densities (1, 2, 4, 8, and 15 clutches of E. integriceps eggs), were offered simultaneously to 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 female wasps in a standardized arena (30 cm diameter) and patch residence times were recorded. Patch residence time was strongly correlated with parasitism, and increased as the number of host clutches increased up to eight, but declined when more clutches were offered. Wasps displayed low mobility and tended to remain in the patch initially encountered, even when it contained few egg masses. At higher wasp densities, patches were occupied more quickly, host exploitation began sooner, and per capita handling time was reduced. However, total patch residence times were similar across all densities. Thus, females responded to conspecifics with increased movement, which increased dispersal and resulted in a more homogeneous distribution of wasps among patches. Pseudo-interference, resulting from wasps remaining in some patches and neglecting others, had greater impact on final levels of host exploitation than did actual interference (patch abandonment following conspecific encounters). These phenomena resulted in decreased parasitoid searching rates and a 2-fold increase in host survival at higher wasp densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Iranipour
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa BenaMoleai
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahriar Asgari
- Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Varamin, Iran
| | - J P Michaud
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Hays, KS, USA
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Kettle H, Sann C, Marion G. Quantifying parasitoid and predator controls on rice hopper eggs using a dynamic stage‐structured model and field data. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Kettle
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland Edinburgh UK
| | - Christina Sann
- Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Glenn Marion
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland Edinburgh UK
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An Alternative Perspective for the Theory of Biological Control. INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9040131. [PMID: 30279325 PMCID: PMC6315970 DOI: 10.3390/insects9040131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Importation biological control represents the planned introduction of a specialist natural enemy from the region of origin of an invasive pest or weed. For this study, the author considered why attempts to develop a predictive theory for biological control have been misguided and what future directions might be more promising and effective. Despite considerable interest in the theory of consumer–resource population dynamics, such theory has contributed little to improvements in the success of biological control due to a focus on persistence and equilibrium dynamics rather than establishment and impact. A broader consideration of invasion biology in addition to population ecology offers new opportunities for a more inclusive theory of biological control that incorporates the demographic and genetic processes that more specifically address the establishment and impact of introduced natural enemies. The importance of propagule size and genetic variance for successful establishment, and of contributions to host population growth, relative population growth rates, interaction strength, and coevolution for suppression of host abundance are discussed as promising future directions for a theory of biological control.
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Klapwijk MJ, Walter JA, Hirka A, Csóka G, Björkman C, Liebhold AM. Transient synchrony among populations of five foliage-feeding Lepidoptera. J Anim Ecol 2018. [PMID: 29536534 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies of transient population dynamics have largely focused on temporal changes in dynamical behaviour, such as the transition between periods of stability and instability. This study explores a related dynamic pattern, namely transient synchrony during a 49-year period among populations of five sympatric species of forest insects that share host tree resources. The long time series allows a more comprehensive exploration of transient synchrony patterns than most previous studies. Considerable variation existed in the dynamics of individual species, ranging from periodic to aperiodic. We used time-averaged methods to investigate long-term patterns of synchrony and time-localized methods to detect transient synchrony. We investigated transient patterns of synchrony between species and related these to the species' varying density dependence structures; even species with very different density dependence exhibited at least temporary periods of synchrony. Observed periods of interspecific synchrony may arise from interactions with host trees (e.g., induced host defences), interactions with shared natural enemies or shared impacts of environmental stochasticity. The transient nature of synchrony observed here raises questions both about the identity of synchronizing mechanisms and how these mechanisms interact with the endogenous dynamics of each species. We conclude that these patterns are the result of interspecific interactions that act only temporarily to synchronize populations, after which differences in the endogenous population dynamics among the species acts to desynchronize their dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje J Klapwijk
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonathan A Walter
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolution and Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Anikó Hirka
- Department of Forest Protection, NARIC Forest Research Institute, Mátrafûred, Hungary
| | - György Csóka
- Department of Forest Protection, NARIC Forest Research Institute, Mátrafûred, Hungary
| | - Christer Björkman
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Smith DJ, Amarasekare P. Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of Thermal Niche Partitioning. Am Nat 2018. [DOI: 10.1086/695805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Blackwood JC, Vargas R, Fauvergue X. A cascade of destabilizations: Combining
Wolbachia
and Allee effects to eradicate insect pests. J Anim Ecol 2017; 87:59-72. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie C. Blackwood
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsWilliams College Williamstown MA USA
| | - Roger Vargas
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsWilliams College Williamstown MA USA
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9
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Gaoue OG. Transient dynamics reveal the importance of early life survival to the response of a tropical tree to harvest. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orou G. Gaoue
- Department of Botany University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI 96822USA
- Universite de Parakou BP 123 Parakou Benin
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Vercken E, Fauvergue X, Ris N, Crochard D, Mailleret L. Temporal autocorrelation in host density increases establishment success of parasitoids in an experimental system. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:2684-93. [PMID: 26257880 PMCID: PMC4523363 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental variation is classically expected to affect negatively population growth and to increase extinction risk, and it has been identified as a major determinant of establishment failures in the field. Yet, recent theoretical investigations have shown that the structure of environmental variation and more precisely the presence of positive temporal autocorrelation might alter this prediction. This is particularly likely to affect the establishment dynamics of biological control agents in the field, as host–parasitoid interactions are expected to induce temporal autocorrelation in host abundance. In the case where parasitoid populations display overcompensatory dynamics, the presence of such positive temporal autocorrelation should increase their establishment success in a variable environment. We tested this prediction in laboratory microcosms by introducing parasitoids to hosts whose abundances were manipulated to simulate uncorrelated or positively autocorrelated variations in carrying capacity. We found that environmental variability decreased population size and increased parasitoid population variance, which is classically expected to extinction risk. However, although exposed to significant environmental variation, we found that parasitoid populations experiencing positive temporal autocorrelation in host abundance were more likely to persist than populations exposed to uncorrelated variation. These results confirm that environmental variation is a key determinant of extinction dynamics that can have counterintuitive effects depending on its autocorrelation structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Vercken
- INRA, UMR 1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France ; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France ; CNRS, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Xavier Fauvergue
- INRA, UMR 1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France ; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France ; CNRS, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Nicolas Ris
- INRA, UMR 1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France ; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France ; CNRS, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Didier Crochard
- INRA, UMR 1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France ; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France ; CNRS, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Ludovic Mailleret
- INRA, UMR 1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France ; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France ; CNRS, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France ; INRIA, Biocore 06902, Sophia Antipolis, France
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11
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Selection on stability across ecological scales. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 30:417-25. [PMID: 26067808 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Much of the focus in evolutionary biology has been on the adaptive differentiation among organisms. It is equally important to understand the processes that result in similarities of structure among systems. Here, we discuss examples of similarities occurring at different ecological scales, from predator-prey relations (attack rates and handling times) through communities (food-web structures) to ecosystem properties. Selection among systemic configurations or patterns that differ in their intrinsic stability should lead generally to increased representation of relatively stable structures. Such nonadaptive, but selective processes that shape ecological communities offer an enticing mechanism for generating widely observed similarities, and have sparked new interest in stability properties. This nonadaptive systemic selection operates not in opposition to, but in parallel with, adaptive evolution.
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12
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Johnson CA, Amarasekare P. A Metric for Quantifying the Oscillatory Tendency of Consumer-Resource Interactions. Am Nat 2015; 185:87-99. [DOI: 10.1086/679279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Peri E, Cusumano A, Amodeo V, Wajnberg E, Colazza S. Intraguild interactions between two egg parasitoids of a true bug in semi-field and field conditions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99876. [PMID: 24941172 PMCID: PMC4062478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on interspecific competitive interactions among insect parasitoids has often been characterized by laboratory studies in which host insects are exposed to female parasitoids of different species in various sequences and combinations. In the last years, an increasing number of studies have investigated interspecific interactions under field and semi-field conditions although just a few number of works focused on egg parasitoids. In this work, we undertook a two-year study to investigate interspecific interactions between Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Ooencyrtus telenomicida (Vassiliev) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), two egg parasitoids of the pest Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) that co-occur in cultivated crops. Under semi-field (in out-door mesh cages) and field conditions, we investigated: 1) the seasonal occurrence of competing parasitoid species on sentinel egg masses; 2) the impact achieved by competing species on the shared host on naturally laid egg masses; 3) the outcome of intraguild interactions under controlled conditions. Results from sentinel egg masses showed that T. basalis occurs in May and successfully parasitizes hosts until the end of September/beginning of October, whereas O. telenomicida is mainly occurring in July-August. In both years, it was found that T. basalis is predominant. From naturally laid egg masses, results indicated that T. basalis achieves higher impact on the hosts, even in those egg masses which are parasitized by more than one female of different species ( = multiparasitism). Results from manipulating intraguild interactions showed that T. basalis achieves higher impact on N. viridula when released alone, but it suffers from competition with O. telenomicida. The ecological factors that play a role in intraguild interactions in the context of biological control perspective are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezio Peri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Cusumano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Amodeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Colazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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14
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Abbott KC, Harmon JP, Fabina NS. The challenge of predicting temperature effects on short-term predator–prey dynamics. POPUL ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-013-0426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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16
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Mills NJ. Transient host-parasitoid dynamics illuminate the practice of biological pest control. J Anim Ecol 2011; 81:1-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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