1
|
Molleman F, Granados‐Tello J, Chapman CA, Tammaru T. Fruit‐feeding butterflies depend on adult food for reproduction: Evidence from longitudinal body mass and abundance data. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Freerk Molleman
- Department of Systematic Zoology Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, A. Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | | | - Colin A. Chapman
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology The George Washington University Washington DC USA
| | - Toomas Tammaru
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uwizelimana JDD, Nsabimana D, Wagner T. Diversity and distribution of Fruit‐feeding butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. Afr J Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean de Dieu Uwizelimana
- Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften Biologie Universität Koblenz‐Landau Koblenz Germany
- College of Science and Technology Biology Department University of Rwanda Kigali‐Rwanda Rwanda
| | - Donat Nsabimana
- College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine School of Forestry, Biodiversity and Conservation University of Rwanda Butare‐Rwanda Rwanda
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften Biologie Universität Koblenz‐Landau Koblenz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Richter A, Nakamura G, Agra Iserhard C, da Silva Duarte L. The hidden side of diversity: Effects of imperfect detection on multiple dimensions of biodiversity. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12508-12519. [PMID: 34594516 PMCID: PMC8462181 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on ecological communities often address patterns of species distribution and abundance, but few consider uncertainty in counts of both species and individuals when computing diversity measures.We evaluated the extent to which imperfect detection may influence patterns of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in ecological communities.We estimated the true abundance of fruit-feeding butterflies sampled in canopy and understory strata in a subtropical forest. We compared the diversity values calculated by observed and estimated abundance data through the hidden diversity framework. This framework evaluates the deviation of observed diversity when compared with diversities derived from estimated true abundances and whether such deviation represents a bias or a noise in the observed diversity pattern.The hidden diversity values differed between strata for all diversity measures, except for functional richness. The taxonomic measure was the only one where we observed an inversion of the most diverse stratum when imperfect detection was included. Regarding phylogenetic and functional measures, the strata showed distinct responses to imperfect detection, despite the tendency to overestimate observed diversity. While the understory showed noise for the phylogenetic measure, since the observed pattern was maintained, the canopy had biased diversity for the functional metric. This bias occurred since no significant differences were found between strata for observed diversity, but rather for estimated diversity, with the canopy being more clustered.We demonstrate that ignore imperfect detection may lead to unrealistic estimates of diversity and hence to erroneous interpretations of patterns and processes that structure biological communities. For fruit-feeding butterflies, according to their phylogenetic position or functional traits, the undetected individuals triggered different responses in the relationship of the diversity measures to the environmental factor. This highlights the importance to evaluate and include the uncertainty in species detectability before calculating biodiversity measures to describe communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Richter
- Departamento de EcologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Gabriel Nakamura
- Departamento de BiologiaUniversidade Federal do CearáFortalezaBrazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rabelo RM, Pereira GCN, Valsecchi J, Magnusson WE. The Role of River Flooding as an Environmental Filter for Amazonian Butterfly Assemblages. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.693178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amazonian flooded (várzea) and upland (terra firme) forests harbor distinct assemblages of most taxonomic groups. These differences are mainly attributed to flooding, which may affect directly or indirectly the persistence of species. Here, we compare the abundance, richness and composition of butterfly assemblages in várzea and terra firme forests, and evaluate whether environmental gradients between and within these forest types can be used to predict patterns of assemblage structure. We found that both total abundance and number of species per plot are higher in várzea than in terra firme forests. Várzea assemblages had a higher dominance of abundant species than terra firme assemblages, in which butterfly abundances were more equitable. Rarefied species richness for várzea and terra firme forests was similar. There was a strong turnover in species composition from várzea to terra firme forests associated with environmental change between these forest types, but with little evidence for an effect of the environmental gradients within forest types. Despite a smaller total area in the Amazon basin, less defined vegetation strata and the shorter existence over geological time of floodplain forests, Nymphalid-butterfly assemblages were not more species-poor in várzea forests than in unflooded forests. We highlight the role of flooding as a primary environmental filter in Amazonian floodplain forests, which strongly determines the composition of butterfly assemblages.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mena S, Kozak KM, Cárdenas RE, Checa MF. Forest stratification shapes allometry and flight morphology of tropical butterflies. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201071. [PMID: 33081613 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of altitudinal and latitudinal gradients have identified links between the evolution of insect flight morphology, landscape structure and microclimate. Although lowland tropical rainforests offer steeper shifts in conditions between the canopy and the understorey, this vertical gradient has received far less attention. Butterflies, because of their great phenotypic plasticity, are excellent models to study selection pressures that mould flight morphology. We examined data collected over 5 years on 64 Nymphalidae butterflies in the Ecuadorian Chocó rainforest. We used phylogenetic methods to control for similarity resulting from common ancestry, and explore the relationships between species stratification and flight morphology. We hypothesized that species should show morphological adaptations related to differing micro-environments, associated with canopy and understorey. We found that butterfly species living in each stratum presented significantly different allometric slopes. Furthermore, a preference for the canopy was significantly associated with low wing area to thoracic volume ratios and high wing aspect ratios, but not with the relative distance to the wing centroid, consistent with extended use of fast flapping flight for canopy butterflies and slow gliding for the understorey. Our results suggest that microclimate differences in vertical gradients are a key factor in generating morphological diversity in flying insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Mena
- Museo de Zoología QCAZ Invertebrados-Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Rafael E Cárdenas
- Museo de Zoología QCAZ Invertebrados-Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María F Checa
- Museo de Zoología QCAZ Invertebrados-Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Santos ADC, Sales PCL, Ribeiro DB, Silva PRR. Habitat conversion affects beta diversity in frugivorous butterfly assemblages. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2019.1710335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danilo Bandini Ribeiro
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Butterfly diversity and effect of temperature and humidity gradients on butterfly assemblages in a sub-tropical urban landscape. Trop Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-019-00019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
8
|
Maicher V, Sáfián S, Murkwe M, Przybyłowicz Ł, Janeček Š, Fokam EB, Pyrcz T, Tropek R. Flying between raindrops: Strong seasonal turnover of several Lepidoptera groups in lowland rainforests of Mount Cameroon. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12761-12772. [PMID: 30619580 PMCID: PMC6308855 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although seasonality in the tropics is often less pronounced than in temperate areas, tropical ecosystems show seasonal dynamics as well. Nevertheless, individual tropical insects' phenological patterns are still poorly understood, especially in the Afrotropics. To fill this gap, we investigated biodiversity patterns of Lepidoptera communities at three rainforest localities in the foothills of Mount Cameroon, West Africa, one of the wettest places in the world. Our multitaxa approach covered six lepidopteran groups (fruit-feeding butterflies and moths, the families Sphingidae, Saturniidae, and Eupterotidae, and the subfamily Arctiinae of Erebidae) with diverse life strategies. We sampled adults of the focal groups in three distinct seasons. Our sampling included standardized bait trapping (80 traps exposed for 10 days per locality and season) and attraction by light (six full nights per locality and season). Altogether, our dataset comprised 20,576 specimens belonging to 559 (morpho)species of the focal groups. The biodiversity of Lepidoptera generally increased in the high-dry season, and either increased (fruit-feeding moths, Arctiinae, Saturniidae) or decreased (butterflies, Sphingidae) in the transition to the wet season in particular groups. Simultaneously, we revealed a strong species turnover of fruit-feeding Lepidoptera and Arctiinae among the seasons, indicating relatively high specialization of these communities for particular seasons. Such temporal specialization can make the local communities of butterflies and moths especially sensitive to the expected seasonal perturbations caused by the global change. Because of the key role of Lepidoptera across trophic levels, such changes in their communities could strengthen this impact on entire tropical ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Maicher
- Institute of Entomology, Biology CentreCzech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Szabolcs Sáfián
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, Faculty of ForestryUniversity of West HungarySopronHungary
| | - Mercy Murkwe
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Łukasz Przybyłowicz
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of AnimalsPolish Academy of SciencesKrakowPoland
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Institute of BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesTrebonCzech Republic
| | - Eric B. Fokam
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon
| | - Tomasz Pyrcz
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical ResearchJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
- Nature Education CentreJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | - Robert Tropek
- Institute of Entomology, Biology CentreCzech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Camargo NFD, Sano NY, Vieira EM. Forest vertical complexity affects alpha and beta diversity of small mammals. J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nayara Yoshie Sano
- Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), 70919-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Emerson M Vieira
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, CP 04457, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), 70919-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
D'Souza ML, Hebert PDN. Stable baselines of temporal turnover underlie high beta diversity in tropical arthropod communities. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:2447-2460. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. D'Souza
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology; College of Biological Science; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology; College of Biological Science; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sambhu H, Northfield T, Nankishore A, Ansari A, Turton S. Tropical Rainforest and Human-Modified Landscapes Support Unique Butterfly Communities That Differ in Abundance and Diversity. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:1225-1234. [PMID: 29053788 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests account for at least 50% of documented diversity, but anthropogenic activities are converting forests to agriculture and urban areas at an alarming rate, with potentially strong effects on insect abundance and diversity. However, the questions remain whether insect populations are uniformly affected by land conversion and if insect conservation can occur in agricultural margins and urban gardens. We compare butterfly populations in tropical secondary forests to those found in sugarcane and urban areas in coastal Guyana and evaluate the potential for particular butterfly communities to inhabit human-modified landscapes. Butterflies were sampled for 1 yr using fruit-baited traps in three separated geographical locations on the coast. We used nonmetric multidimensional scaling to assess differences in species assemblages and a generalized linear mixed model to evaluate abundance, species richness, evenness, and diversity. The secondary forests in all three locations supported higher butterfly abundance and diversity than other human-modified areas, although the magnitude of this effect varied by season and location. However, each land use supported its own type of butterfly community, as species composition was different across the three land uses. Sugarcane field margins and urban gardens supported populations of butterflies rarely found in our tropical secondary forest sites. Land management practices that encourage forest conservation along with butterfly-friendly activities in human settlements and agricultural areas could improve butterfly conservation. To this end, butterfly conservation in Guyana and other tropical landscapes would benefit from a shift from inadvertently to actively making the landscape attractive for butterflies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemchandranauth Sambhu
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns Campus, Australia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, Guyana
| | - Tobin Northfield
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns Campus, Australia
| | | | - Abdullah Ansari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, Guyana
| | - Stephen Turton
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns Campus, Australia
- Central Queensland University, Cnr Shields and Abbott Streets, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kajin M, Penz CM, DeVries PJ. Large-Scale Climate Effects Meet an Amazonian Butterfly: Which Population Parameters Respond to El Niño? ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:1202-1211. [PMID: 29069401 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the most tangible outcomes of climate change is change in the frequency of El Niño/La Niña events. They have a large impact on rainfall in the Western hemisphere, but their impact on tropical fauna is largely unknown. A decade long capture-mark-recapture study of the widespread Ecuadorian butterfly Nessaea hewitsoni (Felder & Felder) from an intact forest allowed us to analyze patterns of monthly and seasonal population dynamics before, during, and after an El Niño event. El Niño events did not affect long-term population size, but a 5-month delayed El Niño led to temporary emigration of females, with their subsequent return. Increased rainfall correlated with reduced survival in both sexes, but this effect was twice as strong in females. This investigation is the longest, continuous population study on any Neotropical insect species. Though we sampled on a modest scale, the magnitude of El Niño events suggests that our findings likely reflect insect population responses across a much larger portion of Amazonian forests. This study underscores the importance of analyzing multiple, interacting population parameters beyond local abundance in order to understand the biotic responses to El Niño and climate change in tropical systems. Had our analyses not included temporary emigration, no effect would have been detected because El Niño did not affect local population abundance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kajin
- Dept. Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Univ. Estad. Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ
| | - Carla M Penz
- Dept. Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA
| | - Phil J DeVries
- Dept. Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Monitoring fruit-feeding butterfly assemblages in two vertical strata in seasonal Atlantic Forest: temporal species turnover is lower in the canopy. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467417000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:To address how seasonality affects the richness and abundance of tropical insects, we compared the canopy and understorey communities of fruit-feeding butterflies in a seasonal Atlantic forest in south-eastern Brazil. Butterflies were sampled over 1 y using a standardized design with baited traps. A total of 2047 individuals in 69 species were recorded (1415 in the canopy, 632 in the understorey). Clear differences were found between canopy and understorey, with significantly higher butterfly abundances in the canopy. We observed two marked peaks of abundance and richness in both strata; one at the transition from dry to the wet seasons, and the other at the transition from wet to dry seasons. We found lower species turnover throughout the year in the canopy. We interpret this as evidence that temperature is more important than rainfall in explaining the yearly variation of abundance in vertical strata. The higher temperatures found in the canopy may allow butterflies to maintain activity in this stratum all year round, whereas the understorey is subject to colder temperatures, thus presenting a higher species turnover. These results improve our understanding of diversity gradients between evergreen and seasonal tropical forests, allowing insights into how climate and beta diversity gradients interact.
Collapse
|
14
|
Fordyce JA, DeVries PJ. A tale of two communities: Neotropical butterfly assemblages show higher beta diversity in the canopy compared to the understory. Oecologia 2016; 181:235-43. [PMID: 26815366 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tropical fruit-feeding nymphalid butterflies generally restrict adult foraging exclusively to either the canopy or understory strata. We compared canopy and understory butterfly communities using data from four long-term studies in Central and South America. At all study sites we found little similarity in species composition between canopy and understory, with most species showing a strong affinity for one of the two habitats. There was a consistent phylogenetic signal for canopy and understory association, suggesting a substantial evolutionary history with these habitats. In addition to compositional differences, we found different patterns of beta diversity between canopy and understory communities. Across all study sites, the canopy had greater temporal and spatial beta diversity compared to the understory. Although these two communities are composed of the same feeding guild and separated only by a relatively small vertical space, each has its own stratum-specific species composition and community dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A Fordyce
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Philip J DeVries
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lamarre GP, Amoretti DS, Baraloto C, Bénéluz F, Mesones I, Fine PV. Phylogenetic Overdispersion in Lepidoptera Communities of Amazonian White‐sand Forests. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greg P.A. Lamarre
- Université Antilles‐Guyane UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane Campus agronomique de Kourou 97310 Kourou French Guiana
- INRA UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane Campus agronomique de Kourou 97310 Kourou French Guiana
- Société Entomologique Antilles‐Guyane (SEAG) 18 lot Amaryllis 97354 Rémire‐Montjoly French Guiana
| | - Diego Salazar Amoretti
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California 1005 Valley Life Sciences Building #3140 Berkeley CA 94720 U.S.A
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- INRA UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane Campus agronomique de Kourou 97310 Kourou French Guiana
- Department of Biological Sciences International Center for Tropical Botany Florida International University Miami FL 33199 U.S.A
| | - Frédéric Bénéluz
- Société Entomologique Antilles‐Guyane (SEAG) 18 lot Amaryllis 97354 Rémire‐Montjoly French Guiana
| | - Italo Mesones
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California 1005 Valley Life Sciences Building #3140 Berkeley CA 94720 U.S.A
| | - Paul V.A. Fine
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California 1005 Valley Life Sciences Building #3140 Berkeley CA 94720 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lamarre GPA, Hérault B, Fine PVA, Vedel V, Lupoli R, Mesones I, Baraloto C. Taxonomic and functional composition of arthropod assemblages across contrasting Amazonian forests. J Anim Ecol 2015; 85:227-39. [PMID: 26346553 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Arthropods represent most of global biodiversity, with the highest diversity found in tropical rain forests. Nevertheless, we have a very incomplete understanding of how tropical arthropod communities are assembled. We conducted a comprehensive mass sampling of arthropod communities within three major habitat types of lowland Amazonian rain forest, including terra firme clay, white-sand and seasonally flooded forests in Peru and French Guiana. We examined how taxonomic and functional composition (at the family level) differed across these habitat types in the two regions. The overall arthropod community composition exhibited strong turnover among habitats and between regions. In particular, seasonally flooded forest habitats of both regions comprised unique assemblages. Overall, 17·7% (26 of 147) of arthropod families showed significant preferences for a particular habitat type. We present a first reproducible arthropod functional classification among the 147 taxa based on similarity among 21 functional traits describing feeding source, major mouthparts and microhabitats inhabited by each taxon. We identified seven distinct functional groups whose relative abundance contrasted strongly across the three habitats, with sap and leaf feeders showing higher abundances in terra firme clay forest. Our novel arthropod functional classification provides an important complement to link these contrasting patterns of composition to differences in forest functioning across geographical and environmental gradients. This study underlines that both environment and biogeographical processes are responsible for driving arthropod taxonomic composition while environmental filtering is the main driver of the variance in functional composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg P A Lamarre
- Université Antilles-Guyane, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97310, Kourou, French Guiana.,INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97310, Kourou, French Guiana.,Société Entomologique Antilles-Guyane, 97354, Rémire-Montjoly, French Guiana
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97310, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Paul V A Fine
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 1005 Valley Life Sciences Building #3140, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Vincent Vedel
- INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97310, Kourou, French Guiana.,Société Entomologique Antilles-Guyane, 97354, Rémire-Montjoly, French Guiana
| | - Roland Lupoli
- Société Entomologique Antilles-Guyane, 97354, Rémire-Montjoly, French Guiana
| | - Italo Mesones
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 1005 Valley Life Sciences Building #3140, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97310, Kourou, French Guiana.,International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, International Center for Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Roche KN, Piorkowski JM, Sanyaolu RA, Cordeiro NJ. Vertical distribution of fruit-feeding butterflies with evidence of sex-specific differences in a Tanzanian forest. Afr J Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N. Roche
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences; Roosevelt University; 430 S. Michigan Avenue Chicago IL 60605 U.S.A
| | - Jill M. Piorkowski
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences; Roosevelt University; 430 S. Michigan Avenue Chicago IL 60605 U.S.A
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology; Auburn University; 301 Funchess Hall Auburn AL 36849 U.S.A
| | - Rasheed A. Sanyaolu
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences; Roosevelt University; 430 S. Michigan Avenue Chicago IL 60605 U.S.A
| | - Norbert J. Cordeiro
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences; Roosevelt University; 430 S. Michigan Avenue Chicago IL 60605 U.S.A
- Science and Education; The Field Museum; 1400 Lake Shore Drive Chicago IL 60605 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Silva ARM, Pontes DV, Guimarães MP, Oliveira MVD, Assis LTFD, Uehara-Prado M. Fruit-feeding butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) of the Área de Proteção Especial Manancial Mutuca, Nova Lima and Species list for the Region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-06032015011814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A study of the assembly of fruit-feeding butterflies in the Área de Proteção Especial Manancial Mutuca, Nova Lima, MG was conducted with the goal of inventorying the species of the site. Forty-two traps were used to attract fruit-feeding butterflies, divided between Cerrado (rupestrian field) and riparian vegetation, monthly over one year. 2245 butterflies, which belonged to 63 species, were recorded. Of this total, fourty-eight species were collected in the Cerrado, twenty-one exclusively in this environment, forty-two in riparian forest, fifteen being exclusive to this environment, and twenty-seven species were sampled in both environments. From the total of sampled species, thirty-five were considered rare, eight accessory species, and twenty constant species. Prepona deiphile deiphile (Charaxine) is classified as vulnerable on the Minas Gerais’ list and on the national list of threatened species. The collector curve showed no clear trend to stabilization, suggesting that there are species still not sampled in the study area. Adding the data from field sampling to the information on species occurrence in the literature and in entomological collections, the current number of frugivorous butterflies species for the region of Belo Horizonte is 104. This result foregrounds the importance of APE Mutuca for maintaning a rich fauna of frugivorous butterflies to the area.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lamarre GPA, Mendoza I, Rougerie R, Decaëns T, Hérault B, Bénéluz F. Stay out (almost) all night: contrasting responses in flight activity among tropical moth assemblages. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 44:109-115. [PMID: 26013127 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-014-0264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Variations in diel activity among hyperdiverse tropical communities of moths, despite representing a key component of niche partitioning between species, have barely been studied so far. Using light trapping from dawn to sunset over a 1-year period in French Guiana, we investigated these variations within and between two families of moths (Sphingidae and Saturniidae). Our results revealed contrasting patterns in flight activity at night between Sphingidae and Saturniidae. Sphingidae reached their peak in species richness and abundance between 7:00 and 8:00 p.m., followed by a decrease around 11:00 p.m. to midnight, whereas Saturniidae were continuously present throughout the night, with a peak around midnight. In addition, we found changes in diel activity among some of the most common genera in each family, highlighting distinct behavioral, physiological, and functional traits among taxa. Given differences in flight activity at different taxonomic levels, it is strongly recommended to monitor by light trapping throughout the night to effectively sample saturniid and sphingid assemblages, even though the activity of Sphingidae sharply declines after midnight. These results improve the general natural history information of tropical moths and reinforce the need of further research on the ecological and taxonomic consequences of differences in diel activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G P A Lamarre
- Univ Antilles Guyane, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pinheiro CEG, Freitas AVL. Some Possible Cases of Escape Mimicry in Neotropical Butterflies. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 43:393-398. [PMID: 27193948 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-014-0240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The possibility that escape or evasive mimicry evolved in butterflies and other prey insects in a similar fashion to classical Batesian and Müllerian mimicry has long been advanced in the literature. However, there is a general disagreement among lepidopterists and evolutionary biologists on whether or not escape mimicry exists, as well as in which mimicry rings this form of mimicry has evolved. Here, we review some purported cases of escape mimicry in Neotropical butterflies and suggest new mimicry rings involving several species of Archaeoprepona, Prepona, and Doxocopa (the "bright blue bands" ring) and species of Colobura and Hypna (the "creamy bands" ring) where the palatability of butterflies, their ability to escape predator attacks, geographic distribution, relative abundance, and co-occurrence in the same habitats strongly suggest that escape mimicry is involved. In addition, we also indicate other butterfly taxa whose similarities of coloration patterns could be due to escape mimicry and would constitute important case studies for future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E G Pinheiro
- Depto de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Univ de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
| | - A V L Freitas
- Depto de Biologia Animal e Museu de Zoologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Penz CM, Mohammadi N. Wing pattern diversity in Brassolini butterflies (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-06032013000300020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study describes and compares the diverse dorsal and ventral wing color patterns of Brassolini butterflies. Thirty-three species are illustrated, where pattern elements of the nymphalid ground plan are labeled in color. In general, a larger number of pattern elements can be identified on the ventral than on the dorsal surface of both wings, and the forewing has a larger number of discernible pattern elements than the hind wing. The dorsal elements are broad, diffuse, and more difficult to identify against the typically brown brassoline wing background color. Species with a light colored dorsal background served as a guide for our proposal that fewer pattern elements are present dorsally, particularly on the hind wing. Colorful bands or markings generally present on the dorsal surface seem to be associated with specific pattern elements and have correspondence to the ventral pattern. We refer to these as trailing bands, and they constitute a predominant feature of the brassoline dorsal coloration. We propose a subordinate groundplan for brassolines and interpret some of the ventral pattern variation in light of their phylogeny. Dorsal color pattern variation that leads to sexual dimorphism and mimetic resemblance are also discussed.
Collapse
|
22
|
Hulsey CD, Roberts RJ, Loh YHE, Rupp MF, Streelman JT. Lake Malawi cichlid evolution along a benthic/limnetic axis. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:2262-72. [PMID: 23919168 PMCID: PMC3728963 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Divergence along a benthic to limnetic habitat axis is ubiquitous in aquatic systems. However, this type of habitat divergence has largely been examined in low diversity, high latitude lake systems. In this study, we examined the importance of benthic and limnetic divergence within the incredibly species-rich radiation of Lake Malawi cichlid fishes. Using novel phylogenetic reconstructions, we provided a series of hypotheses regarding the evolutionary relationships among 24 benthic and limnetic species that suggests divergence along this axis has occurred multiple times within Lake Malawi cichlids. Because pectoral fin morphology is often associated with divergence along this habitat axis in other fish groups, we investigated divergence in pectoral fin muscles in these benthic and limnetic cichlid species. We showed that the eight pectoral fin muscles and fin area generally tended to evolve in a tightly correlated manner in the Lake Malawi cichlids. Additionally, we found that larger pectoral fin muscles are strongly associated with the independent evolution of the benthic feeding habit across this group of fish. Evolutionary specialization along a benthic/limnetic axis has occurred multiple times within this tropical lake radiation and has produced repeated convergent matching between exploitation of water column habitats and locomotory morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Hulsey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Spatial and temporal variation in community composition of herbivorous insects on Neoboutonia macrocalyx in a primary tropical rain forest. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467413000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Spatial and temporal variation of tropical insect communities has rarely been studied, although such variation influences estimates of global species richness. Therefore, we compared spatial and temporal variation of herbivorous insect communities on Neoboutonia macrocalyx trees among seven sites over 1 y in a primary tropical rain forest in Kibale National Park, Uganda. The distance between the study sites varied from 4.8 to 31.2 km and altitudinal differences ranged from 20 to 242 m. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed significant spatial changes in community composition of the herbivorous insects and study sites differed also in insect abundance (6.9–26.2 individuals m−2 of leaf area). This is likely to be caused by differences in vegetation, altitude and microclimate among the study sites. The similarity of insect species composition was negatively correlated with geographic and altitudinal distances among sites and positively correlated with the similarity of tree community composition. Species richness varied significantly between sampling dates, ranging from 33 to 41 species. Also community compositions changed between sampling dates, which likely follows from marked seasonal changes in climate and the phenology of other host plants used by the generalist insect species also living on Neoboutonia macrocalyx. In general our study supports the idea of high variability of herbivorous insect communities in primary rain forests even at a small spatial scale. This should be considered when estimations of insect biodiversity are made.
Collapse
|
24
|
Variation in capture height and trap persistence among three Costa Rican understorey butterfly species. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467412000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Tropical forest insects are vertically stratified between the canopy and understorey. Using 60 traps set at two heights above the forest floor (30 at 15 cm and 30 at 1 m) we compared abundances in capture height, persistence in traps, and sex of three co-occurring understorey butterflies (Cithaerias pireta, Dulcedo polita and Pierella helvina) in Costa Rica. We captured, marked and released 283 individual butterflies (65 C. pireta, 79 D. polita, 139 P. helvina) and showed all three species were captured more often in low traps, and P. helvina was captured only in low traps. The probability of remaining in traps for 24 h did not differ significantly for D. polita and P. helvina, but was significantly lower for C. pireta. The odds of trapping either sex did not differ significantly for P. helvina and C. pireta, but they were significantly lower for D. polita males. We experimentally demonstrate that these co-occurring species fly and feed just above the forest floor, but differ with respect to their persistence in traps and attraction to traps by sex. Our study implies that closely related species can exhibit behavioural differences that may influence population abundance estimates in multi-species studies.
Collapse
|
25
|
Aduse-Poku K, William O, Oppong SK, Larsen T, Ofori-Boateng C, Molleman F. Spatial and temporal variation in butterfly biodiversity in a West African forest: lessons for establishing efficient rapid monitoring programmes. Afr J Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2012.01328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oduro William
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management; Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology; UPO; Kumasi; Ghana
| | - Samuel K. Oppong
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management; Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology; UPO; Kumasi; Ghana
| | - Torben Larsen
- Butterflies of West Africa; Jacobys alle 2; DK 1806; Frederiksberg; Denmark
| | | | - Freerk Molleman
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Tartu; Vanemuise; 46; EE-51014; Tartu; Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Grøtan V, Lande R, Engen S, Saether BE, DeVries PJ. Seasonal cycles of species diversity and similarity in a tropical butterfly community. J Anim Ecol 2012; 81:714-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|