1
|
You YH, Park JM, Ku YB, Jeong TY, Lim K, Shin JH, Kim JS, Hong JW. Fungal Microbiome of Alive and Dead Korean Fir in its Native Habitats. MYCOBIOLOGY 2024; 52:68-84. [PMID: 38415173 PMCID: PMC10896143 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2024.2307117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A rapid decline of Abies koreana has been reported in most of the natural alpine habitats in Korea. It is generally accepted that this phenomenon is due to climate change even though no clear conclusions have been drawn. Most research has focused on abiotic environmental factors, but studies on the relationships between A. koreana and soil fungal microbiomes are scarce. In this study, the rhizoplane and rhizosphere fungal communities in the alive and dead Korean fir trees from its three major natural habitats including Mt. Deogyu, Mt. Halla, and Mt. Jiri in Korea were investigated to identify specific soil fungal groups closely associated with A. koreana. Soil fungal diversity in each study site was significantly different from another based on the beta diversity calculations. Heat tree analysis at the genus level showed that Clavulina, Beauveria, and Tomentella were most abundant in the healthy trees probably by forming ectomycorrhizae with Korean fir growth and controlling pests and diseases. However, Calocera, Dacrymyces, Gyoerffyella, Hydnotrya, Microdochium, Hyaloscypha, Mycosymbioces, and Podospora were abundant in the dead trees. Our findings suggested that Clavulina, Beauveria, and Tomentella are the major players that could be considered in future reforestation programs to establish ectomycorrhizal networks and promote growth. These genera may have played a significant role in the survival and growth of A. koreana in its natural habitats. In particular, the genus Gyoerffyella may account for the death of the seedlings. Our work presented exploratory research on the specific fungal taxa associated with the status of A. koreana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hyun You
- Biological Resources Utilization Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Myong Park
- Water Quality Research Institute, Waterworks Headquarters Incheon Metropolitan City, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Bong Ku
- Biological Resources Utilization Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Jeong
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongmo Lim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Suk Kim
- Korea Fern Research Society, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Hong
- Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Bio-resource Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Orumaa A, Agan A, Anslan S, Drenkhan T, Drenkhan R, Kauer K, Köster K, Tedersoo L, Metslaid M. Long-term effects of forest fires on fungal community and soil properties along a hemiboreal Scots pine forest fire chronosequence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158173. [PMID: 35988616 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We studied long-term effects of forest fires on the dynamics of soil fungal community along a post-fire chronosequence in hemiboreal Scots pine stands in north-western Estonia. Effects of fire on soil and fungi were studied on six sites that differed in time since fire (10, 21, 36, 67, 78 and 181 years ago), without further management interventions. Soil fungal communities along the chronosequence were dominated by soil saprotrophs and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi. Across the chronosequence, the most dominant phylum was Ascomycota. The most abundant OTUs were identified as Umbelopsis sp., Hyaloscyphaceae sp. and Pezoloma ericae with relative abundances of 9.5, 8.9 and 6.8 %, respectively. Fungal species richness was similar among sample areas except in the area where fire occurred 36 years ago, where it was significantly lower. There were considerable differences in EcM fungal species composition along the chronosequence. The most recently burned site had Piloderma sphaerosporum, Pseudotomentella sp. and Clavulinaceae sp. as most abundant EcM OTUs while in three oldest burned areas Clavulinaceae sp. and Cortinarius sp. were abundant. Soil C and N stocks were lower in the most recently burned area but differences with other areas were not statistically significant. Soil pH had a significant effect on fungal species composition. Older areas had substantially lower pH compared to more recently burned areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Argo Orumaa
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Ahto Agan
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sten Anslan
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiia Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; Forest Health and Biodiversity, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rein Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karin Kauer
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kajar Köster
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7 (Natura), 80130 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marek Metslaid
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saminathan M, Kumari Ramiah S, Gan HM, Abdullah N, Wong CMVL, Ho YW, Idrus Z. In vitro study on the effects of condensed tannins of different molecular weights on bovine rumen fungal population and diversity. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1681304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Han Ming Gan
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Norhani Abdullah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Yin Wan Ho
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bruns TD, Hale ML, Nguyen NH. Rhizopogon olivaceotinctus increases its inoculum potential in heated soil independent of competitive release from other ectomycorrhizal fungi. Mycologia 2019; 111:936-941. [PMID: 31603384 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1657354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rhizopogon olivaceotinctus is a rarely collected ectomycorrhizal fungus that has been found primarily in California and southern Oregon. Prior work has shown that it (i) is common in soil spore banks associated with pine forests from these areas; (ii) is rare or absent on trees in undisturbed forests in these same areas; (iii) exhibits an increased abundance on pine seedlings following fire or experimental soil heating; and (iv) has spores that are more resistant to heat than those of several other ectomycorrhizal species tested to date. Here, we reject the hypothesis that the increased abundance of the species following soil heating is caused only by reduced competition with other ectomycorrnizal fungi and show instead that heating alone significantly increases the inoculum potential of its spores. We argue that this is likely caused by heat stimulation of the spores, a process that has precedent in saprotrophic fungi and plant seeds. This result, in combination with those of previous studies, shows that Rhizopogon olivaceotinctus is well adapted to fire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Bruns
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, California 94720-3102
| | - Maren L Hale
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, California 94720-3102
| | - Nhu H Nguyen
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96922
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Bark beetle infestation is a widespread phenomenon in temperate forests, which are facing significant weather fluctuations accompanying climate change. Fungi play key roles in forest ecosystems as symbionts of ectomycorrhizal trees, decomposers, or parasites, but the effect of severe disturbances on their communities is largely unknown. The responses of soil fungal communities following bark beetle attack were determined using Illumina sequencing of soil samples from 10 microsites in a mature forest not attacked by bark beetle, a forest attacked by bark beetle, a forest destroyed by bark beetle, and a stand where all trees were removed after a windstorm. The proportion of ITS2 sequences assigned to mycorrhizal fungal species decreased with increased intensity of bark beetle attack (from 70 to 15%), whereas the proportion of saprotrophs increased (from 29 to 77%). Differences in the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community was further characterized by a decrease in the sequence proportion of Elaphomyces sp. and Russula sp. and an increase in Piloderma sp., Wilcoxina sp., and Thelephora terrestris. Interestingly, the species composition of the ECM fungal community in the forest one year after removing the windstorm-damaged trees was similar to that of the mature forest, despite the sequence proportion attributed to ECM fungi decreased.
Collapse
|
6
|
Holm SR, Noon BR, Wiens JD, Ripple WJ. Potential trophic cascades triggered by the barred owl range expansion. WILDLIFE SOC B 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R. Holm
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Barry R. Noon
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - J. David Wiens
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Range Ecosystem Science Center; 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 9733 USA
| | - William J. Ripple
- Trophic Cascades Program; Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; Oregon State University; Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thom D, Seidl R. Natural disturbance impacts on ecosystem services and biodiversity in temperate and boreal forests. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 91:760-81. [PMID: 26010526 PMCID: PMC4898621 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In many parts of the world forest disturbance regimes have intensified recently, and future climatic changes are expected to amplify this development further in the coming decades. These changes are increasingly challenging the main objectives of forest ecosystem management, which are to provide ecosystem services sustainably to society and maintain the biological diversity of forests. Yet a comprehensive understanding of how disturbances affect these primary goals of ecosystem management is still lacking. We conducted a global literature review on the impact of three of the most important disturbance agents (fire, wind, and bark beetles) on 13 different ecosystem services and three indicators of biodiversity in forests of the boreal, cool- and warm-temperate biomes. Our objectives were to (i) synthesize the effect of natural disturbances on a wide range of possible objectives of forest management, and (ii) investigate standardized effect sizes of disturbance for selected indicators via a quantitative meta-analysis. We screened a total of 1958 disturbance studies published between 1981 and 2013, and reviewed 478 in detail. We first investigated the overall effect of disturbances on individual ecosystem services and indicators of biodiversity by means of independence tests, and subsequently examined the effect size of disturbances on indicators of carbon storage and biodiversity by means of regression analysis. Additionally, we investigated the effect of commonly used approaches of disturbance management, i.e. salvage logging and prescribed burning. We found that disturbance impacts on ecosystem services are generally negative, an effect that was supported for all categories of ecosystem services, i.e. supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural services (P < 0.001). Indicators of biodiversity, i.e. species richness, habitat quality and diversity indices, on the other hand were found to be influenced positively by disturbance (P < 0.001). Our analyses thus reveal a 'disturbance paradox', documenting that disturbances can put ecosystem services at risk while simultaneously facilitating biodiversity. A detailed investigation of disturbance effect sizes on carbon storage and biodiversity further underlined these divergent effects of disturbance. While a disturbance event on average causes a decrease in total ecosystem carbon by 38.5% (standardized coefficient for stand-replacing disturbance), it on average increases overall species richness by 35.6%. Disturbance-management approaches such as salvage logging and prescribed burning were neither found significantly to mitigate negative effects on ecosystem services nor to enhance positive effects on biodiversity, and thus were not found to alleviate the disturbance paradox. Considering that climate change is expected to intensify natural disturbance regimes, our results indicate that biodiversity will generally benefit from such changes while a sustainable provisioning of ecosystem services might come increasingly under pressure. This underlines that disturbance risk and resilience require increased attention in ecosystem management in the future, and that new approaches to addressing the disturbance paradox in management are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Thom
- Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Seidl
- Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hewitt RE, Hollingsworth TN, Stuart Chapin III F, Lee Taylor D. Fire-severity effects on plant-fungal interactions after a novel tundra wildfire disturbance: implications for arctic shrub and tree migration. BMC Ecol 2016; 16:25. [PMID: 27169473 PMCID: PMC4865011 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-016-0075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vegetation change in high latitude tundra ecosystems is expected to accelerate due to increased wildfire activity. High-severity fires increase the availability of mineral soil seedbeds, which facilitates recruitment, yet fire also alters soil microbial composition, which could significantly impact seedling establishment. RESULTS We investigated the effects of fire severity on soil biota and associated effects on plant performance for two plant species predicted to expand into Arctic tundra. We inoculated seedlings in a growth chamber experiment with soils collected from the largest tundra fire recorded in the Arctic and used molecular tools to characterize root-associated fungal communities. Seedling biomass was significantly related to the composition of fungal inoculum. Biomass decreased as fire severity increased and the proportion of pathogenic fungi increased. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that effects of fire severity on soil biota reduces seedling performance and thus we hypothesize that in certain ecological contexts fire-severity effects on plant-fungal interactions may dampen the expected increases in tree and shrub establishment after tundra fire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Hewitt
- />Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
- />Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, PO Box 5620, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA
| | - Teresa N. Hollingsworth
- />US Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Boreal Ecology Cooperative Research Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
| | - F. Stuart Chapin III
- />Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
| | - D. Lee Taylor
- />Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
- />Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Garcia MO, Smith JE, Luoma DL, Jones MD. Ectomycorrhizal communities of ponderosa pine and lodgepole pine in the south-central Oregon pumice zone. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:275-286. [PMID: 26547440 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest of the USA are changing as a result of climate change. Specifically, rise of global temperatures, decline of winter precipitation, earlier loss of snowpack, and increased summer drought are altering the range of Pinus contorta. Simultaneously, flux in environmental conditions within the historic P. contorta range may facilitate the encroachment of P. ponderosa into P. contorta territory. Furthermore, successful pine species migration may be constrained by the distribution or co-migration of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). Knowledge of the linkages among soil fungal diversity, community structure, and environmental factors is critical to understanding the organization and stability of pine ecosystems. The objectives of this study were to establish a foundational knowledge of the EMF communities of P. ponderosa and P. contorta in the Deschutes National Forest, OR, USA, and to examine soil characteristics associated with community composition. We examined EMF root tips of P. ponderosa and P. contorta in soil cores and conducted soil chemistry analysis for P. ponderosa cores. Results indicate that Cenococcum geophilum, Rhizopogon salebrosus, and Inocybe flocculosa were dominant in both P. contorta and P. ponderosa soil cores. Rhizopogon spp. were ubiquitous in P. ponderosa cores. There was no significant difference in the species composition of EMF communities of P. ponderosa and P. contorta. Ordination analysis of P. ponderosa soils suggested that soil pH, plant-available phosphorus (Bray), total phosphorus (P), carbon (C), mineralizable nitrogen (N), ammonium (NH4), and nitrate (NO3) are driving EMF community composition in P. ponderosa stands. We found a significant linear relationship between EMF species richness and mineralizable N. In conclusion, P. ponderosa and P. contorta, within the Deschutes National Forest, share the same dominant EMF species, which implies that P. ponderosa may be able to successfully establish within the historic P. contorta range and dominant EMF assemblages may be conserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria O Garcia
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jane E Smith
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Daniel L Luoma
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Melanie D Jones
- Biology Department, Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience and Ecosystem Services, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Corrales A, Arnold AE, Ferrer A, Turner BL, Dalling JW. Variation in ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Oreomunnea mexicana (Juglandaceae) in a Neotropical montane forest. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:1-17. [PMID: 25940407 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Neotropical montane forests are often dominated by ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree species, yet the diversity of their EM fungal communities remains poorly explored. In lower montane forests in western Panama, the EM tree species Oreomunnea mexicana (Juglandaceae) forms locally dense populations in forest otherwise characterized by trees that form arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations. The objective of this study was to compare the composition of EM fungal communities associated with Oreomunnea adults, saplings, and seedlings across sites differing in soil fertility and the amount and seasonality of rainfall. Analysis of fungal nrITS DNA (nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers) revealed 115 EM fungi taxa from 234 EM root tips collected from adults, saplings, and seedlings in four sites. EM fungal communities were equally species-rich and diverse across Oreomunnea developmental stages and sites, regardless of soil conditions or rainfall patterns. However, ordination analysis revealed high compositional turnover between low and high fertility/rainfall sites located ca. 6 km apart. The EM fungal community was dominated by Russula (ca. 36 taxa). Cortinarius, represented by 14 species and previously reported to extract nitrogen from organic sources under low nitrogen availability, was found only in low fertility/high rainfall sites. Phylogenetic diversity analyses of Russula revealed greater evolutionary distance among taxa found on sites with contrasting fertility and rainfall than was expected by chance, suggesting that environmental differences among sites may be important in structuring EM fungal communities. More research is needed to evaluate whether EM fungal taxa associated with Oreomunnea form mycorrhizal networks that might account for local dominance of this tree species in otherwise diverse forest communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Corrales
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Astrid Ferrer
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Benjamin L Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal, 0843-03092, Republic of Panama
| | - James W Dalling
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal, 0843-03092, Republic of Panama
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hewitt RE, Bent E, Hollingsworth TN, Chapin FS, Taylor DL. Resilience of Arctic mycorrhizal fungal communities after wildfire facilitated by resprouting shrubs. ECOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.2980/20-3-3620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
12
|
Fungal Community Shifts in Structure and Function across a Boreal Forest Fire Chronosequence. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7869-80. [PMID: 26341215 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02063-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest fires are a common natural disturbance in forested ecosystems and have a large impact on the microbial communities in forest soils. The response of soil fungal communities to forest fire is poorly documented. Here, we investigated fungal community structure and function across a 152-year boreal forest fire chronosequence using high-throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region and a functional gene array (GeoChip). Our results demonstrate that the boreal forest soil fungal community was most diverse soon after a fire disturbance and declined over time. The differences in the fungal communities were explained by changes in the abundance of basidiomycetes and ascomycetes. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi contributed to the increase in basidiomycete abundance over time, with the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) representing the genera Cortinarius and Piloderma dominating in abundance. Hierarchical cluster analysis by using gene signal intensity revealed that the sites with different fire histories formed separate clusters, suggesting differences in the potential to maintain essential biogeochemical soil processes. The site with the greatest biological diversity had also the most diverse genes. The genes involved in organic matter degradation in the mature forest, in which ECM fungi were the most abundant, were as common in the youngest site, in which saprotrophic fungi had a relatively higher abundance. This study provides insight into the impact of fire disturbance on soil fungal community dynamics.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kennedy NM, Robertson SJ, Green DS, Scholefield SR, Arocena JM, Tackaberry LE, Massicotte HB, Egger KN. Site properties have a stronger influence than fire severity on ectomycorrhizal fungi and associated N-cycling bacteria in regenerating post-beetle-killed lodgepole pine forests. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2014; 60:399-410. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-014-0374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
14
|
Pickles BJ, Pither J. Still scratching the surface: how much of the 'black box' of soil ectomycorrhizal communities remains in the dark? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:1101-1105. [PMID: 24279722 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Pickles
- Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Jason Pither
- Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Russell W, Sinclair J, Michels KH. Restoration of Coast Redwood (<i>Sequoia sempervirens</i>) Forests through Natural Recovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojf.2014.42016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
16
|
Brown SP, Callaham MA, Oliver AK, Jumpponen A. Deep Ion Torrent sequencing identifies soil fungal community shifts after frequent prescribed fires in a southeastern US forest ecosystem. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 86:557-66. [PMID: 23869991 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prescribed burning is a common management tool to control fuel loads, ground vegetation, and facilitate desirable game species. We evaluated soil fungal community responses to long-term prescribed fire treatments in a loblolly pine forest on the Piedmont of Georgia and utilized deep Internal Transcribed Spacer Region 1 (ITS1) amplicon sequencing afforded by the recent Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM). These deep sequence data (19,000 + reads per sample after subsampling) indicate that frequent fires (3-year fire interval) shift soil fungus communities, whereas infrequent fires (6-year fire interval) permit system resetting to a state similar to that without prescribed fire. Furthermore, in nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses, primarily ectomycorrhizal taxa were correlated with axes associated with long fire intervals, whereas soil saprobes tended to be correlated with the frequent fire recurrence. We conclude that (1) multiplexed Ion Torrent PGM analyses allow deep cost effective sequencing of fungal communities but may suffer from short read lengths and inconsistent sequence quality adjacent to the sequencing adaptor; (2) frequent prescribed fires elicit a shift in soil fungal communities; and (3) such shifts do not occur when fire intervals are longer. Our results emphasize the general responsiveness of these forests to management, and the importance of fire return intervals in meeting management objectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn P Brown
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Barker JS, Simard SW, Jones MD, Durall DM. Ectomycorrhizal fungal community assembly on regenerating Douglas-fir after wildfire and clearcut harvesting. Oecologia 2012; 172:1179-89. [PMID: 23263530 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Wildfire severity in forests is projected to increase with warming and drying conditions associated with climate change. Our objective was to determine the impact of wildfire and clearcutting severity on the ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) community of Douglas-fir seedlings in the dry forests of interior British Columbia, Canada. We located our study within and surrounding the area of the McLure fire (August 2003). We hypothesized that disturbance would affect EMF community assembly due to reductions in fungal inoculum. Five treatments representing a range of disturbance severities were compared: high severity burn, low severity burn, screefed clearcut (manual removal of forest floor), clearcut, and undisturbed forest. EMF communities in the undisturbed forest were more complex than those in all disturbance treatments. However, aspects of community assembly varied with disturbance type, where the burn treatments had the simplest communities. After 4 months, regenerating seedlings in the burn treatments had the lowest colonization, but seedlings in all treatments were fully colonized within 1 year. EMF communities were similar among the four disturbance types, largely due to dominance of Wilcoxina throughout the study period. However, forest floor retention influenced community assembly as the EMF in the clearcut treatment, where forest floor was retained, had levels of diversity and richness comparable to the undisturbed forest. Overall, the results suggest that increasing forest floor disturbance can alter EMF community assembly in the first year of regeneration. A correlation between poorly colonized seedlings and seedling productivity also suggests a role for productivity in influencing community assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Barker
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Berner C, Johansson T, Wallander H. Long-term effect of apatite on ectomycorrhizal growth and community structure. MYCORRHIZA 2012; 22:615-621. [PMID: 22451218 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-012-0438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are efficient at taking up phosphorus (P) from mineral sources, such as apatite, which are not easily available to the host trees. Since ECM fungal species differ in P uptake rates, it can be expected that the composition of the ECM fungal community will change upon exposure to apatite, provided that the P transfer is rewarded by more carbon being transferred to the fungal symbiont. Control and apatite-amended mesh bags were buried in pairs in the humus layer of a P-poor Norway spruce forest. The ECM fungal community that colonized these bags was analyzed by DNA extraction, PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, cloning, and random sequencing. Fungal biomass was estimated by ergosterol analysis. No change in the ECM fungal community structure was seen after 5 years of apatite exposure, although the fungal biomass increased threefold upon apatite amendment. Our results indicate that host trees enhance carbon allocation to ECM fungi colonizing P sources in P-poor forests but the lack of change in the composition of the ECM fungal community suggests that P transfer rates were similar among the species. Alternatively, higher P transfer among certain species was not rewarded with higher carbon transfer from the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Berner
- Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
LeDuc SD, Lilleskov EA, Horton TR, Rothstein DE. Ectomycorrhizal fungal succession coincides with shifts in organic nitrogen availability and canopy closure in post-wildfire jack pine forests. Oecologia 2012; 172:257-69. [PMID: 23053232 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Successional changes in belowground ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities have been observed with increasing forest stand age; however, mechanisms behind this change remain unclear. It has been hypothesized that declines of inorganic nitrogen (N) and increases of organic N influence changes in EMF taxa over forest development. In a post-wildfire chronosequence of six jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stands ranging in age from 5 to 56 years, we investigated EMF community composition and compared shifts in taxa with detailed soluble inorganic and organic N data. Taxa were identified by internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequencing, and changes in community composition evaluated with non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS). Dissimilarities in the community data were tested for correlations with N variables. We observed a successional shift along NMDS axis 1 from such taxa as Suillus brevipes and Thelephora terrestris in sites age 5 and 11 to species of Cortinarius and Russula, among others, in the four older sites. This change was positively correlated with soluble organic N (SON) (r(2) = 0.902, P = 0.033) and free amino-acid N (r(2) = 0.945, P = 0.021), but not inorganic N. Overall, our results show a successional shift of EMF communities occurring between stand initiation and canopy closure without a change in species of the dominant plant-host, and associated with SON and free amino-acid N in soil. It is uncertain whether EMF taxa are responding to these organic N forms directly, affecting their availability, or are ultimately responding to changes in other site variables, such as belowground productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D LeDuc
- Department of Forestry and the Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, 126 Natural Resources, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kipfer T, Moser B, Egli S, Wohlgemuth T, Ghazoul J. Ectomycorrhiza succession patterns in Pinus sylvestris forests after stand-replacing fire in the Central Alps. Oecologia 2011; 167:219-28. [PMID: 21468664 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-1981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fires shape fundamental properties of many forest ecosystems and climate change will increase their relevance in regions where fires occur infrequently today. In ecosystems that are not adapted to fire, post-fire tree recruitment is often sparse, a fact that might be attributed to a transient lack of mycorrhizae. Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi play an important role for recruitment by enhancing nutrient and water uptake of their hosts. The questions arise whether and for how long the EcM community is transformed by fire. We investigated the resistance and resilience of EcM fungal communities on a chronosequence of 12 Pinus sylvestris stands in Valais (Switzerland) and Val d'Aosta (Italy) affected by fire between 1990 and 2006. Soil samples from burnt and non-burnt forests were analyzed with respect to EcM fungi by means of a bioassay. The number of EcM species was significantly lower in samples from recently (2-5 years) burnt sites than non-burnt forest, and increased with time since fire reaching levels of adjacent forests after 15-18 years. Community composition changed after fire but did not converge to that of non-burnt sites over the 18 year period. Only Rhizopogon roseolus and Cenococcum geophilum were abundant in both burnt sites and adjacent forest. Our data indicate fire resistance of some EcM fungal species as well as rapid resilience in terms of species number, but not in species composition. As long as the function of different EcM species for seedling establishment is unknown, the consequences of long-term shifts in EcM community composition for tree recruitment remain unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Kipfer
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Veselkin DV, Sannikov SN, Sannikova NS. Specific features of root system morphology and mycorrhiza formation in scots pine seedlings from burned-out areas. RUSS J ECOL+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413610020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Azul AM, Sousa JP, Agerer R, Martín MP, Freitas H. Land use practices and ectomycorrhizal fungal communities from oak woodlands dominated by Quercus suber L. considering drought scenarios. MYCORRHIZA 2010; 20:73-88. [PMID: 19575241 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-009-0261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Oak woodlands in the Mediterranean basin have been traditionally converted into agro-silvo-pastoral systems and exemplified sustainable land use in Europe. In Portugal, in line with the trend of other European countries, profound changes in management options during the twentieth century have led to landscape simplification. Landscapes are dynamic and the knowledge of future management planning combining biological conservation and soil productivity is needed, especially under the actual scenarios of drought and increasing evidence of heavy oak mortality. We examined the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community associated with cork oak in managed oak woodlands (called montado) under different land use practices, during summer. ECM fungal richness and abundance were assessed in 15 stands established in nine montados located in the Alentejo region (southern Portugal), using morphotyping and ITS rDNA analysis. Parameters related to the montados landscape characteristics, land use history over the last 25 years, climatic and edaphic conditions were taken into account. Fifty-five ECM fungal taxa corresponding to the most abundant fungal symbionts were distinguished on cork oak roots. Cenococcum geophilum and the families Russulaceae and Thelephoraceae explained 56% of the whole ECM fungal community; other groups were represented among the community: Cortinariaceae, Boletaceae, Amanita, Genea, Pisolithus, Scleroderma, and Tuber. There were pronounced differences in ECM fungal community structure among the 15 montados stands: C. geophilum was the only species common to all stands, tomentelloid and russuloid species were detected in 87-93% of the stands, Cortinariaceae was detected in 60% of the stands, and the other groups were more unequally distributed. Ordination analysis revealed that ECM fungal richness was positively correlated with the silvo-pastoral exploitation regime and low mortality of cork oak, while ECM fungal abundance was positively correlated with extensive agro-silvo-pastoral exploitation under a traditional 9-year rotation cultivation system and recent soil tillage. The effects of land use on the ECM fungal community and its implications in different scenarios of landscape management options, oak mortality, and global warming are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Marisa Azul
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3001-455 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dunham SM, Larsson KH, Spatafora JW. Species richness and community composition of mat-forming ectomycorrhizal fungi in old- and second-growth Douglas-fir forests of the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, USA. MYCORRHIZA 2007; 17:633-645. [PMID: 17638027 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-007-0141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the species identity of mat-forming ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi associated with old- and second-growth Douglas-fir stands. Using molecular analyses of rhizomorphs and EM root tips, we characterized 28 unique internal transcribed spacer sequences and considered them proxies for mat-forming EM species. In both stand age classes, one Athelioid species in the genus Piloderma dominated our sample of the mat-forming fungal community. In second-growth stands, the second most frequently encountered mat-forming EM species belonged to the genus Hysterangium. In old-growth stands, several Ramaria species were associated with a frequently encountered mat morphology but no species dominated the community. After using rarefaction analysis to standardize sampling effort, the total species richness did not differ statistically between old- and second-growth habitats. Both an abundance of infrequently encountered species and incomplete sampling of the mat-forming EM community may have limited our ability to detect potential differences in species richness. Several frequently encountered Piloderma species appear to have broad (holarctic) distributions and diverse host associations and their potential importance in forest ecosystems warrants further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susie M Dunham
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Karl-Henrik Larsson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Göteborg University, P.O. Box 461, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joseph W Spatafora
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi form mutualistic symbioses with many tree species and are regarded as key organisms in nutrient and carbon cycles in forest ecosystems. Our appreciation of their roles in these processes is hampered by a lack of understanding of their soil-borne mycelial systems. These mycelia represent the vegetative thalli of ECM fungi that link carbon-yielding tree roots with soil nutrients, yet we remain largely ignorant of their distribution, dynamics and activities in forest soils. In this review we consider information derived from investigations of fruiting bodies, ECM root tips and laboratory-based microcosm studies, and conclude that these provide only limited insights into soil-borne ECM mycelial communities. Recent advances in understanding soil-borne mycelia of ECM fungi have arisen from the combined use of molecular technologies and novel field experimentation. These approaches have the potential to provide unprecedented insights into the functioning of ECM mycelia at the ecosystem level, particularly in the context of land-use changes and global climate change.
Collapse
|
25
|
Liang Y, Guo LD, Du XJ, Ma KP. Spatial structure and diversity of woody plants and ectomycorrhizal fungus sporocarps in a natural subtropical forest. MYCORRHIZA 2007; 17:271-278. [PMID: 17443354 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-006-0096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Spatial patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungi, ectomycorrhizal plants, and non-ectomycorrhizal plants were investigated in a natural subtropical forest using second-order analysis. The results of spatial pattern analysis showed that the degree of clumping of woody plants and ectomycorrhizal sporocarps were correlated. There was a significantly positive correlation of relative aggregation indices between ectomycorrhizal fungi and both non-ectomycorrhizal trees and ectomycorrhizal saplings. Correlations between percentage of ectomycorrhizal trees and sporocarp occurrence of ectomycorrhizal fungi and between diversities of woody plants and ectomycorrhizal fungi were distance-dependent or scale-related. A significantly high percentage of ectomycorrhizal trees was found only at relatively short distance from ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarps, and significantly positive correlation of the diversity between woody plants and ectomycorrhizal fungi was found only at relative long distance, which implied that ectomycorrhizal sporocarps prefer ectomycorrhizal-tree-dominant micro-sites at near distances and at relatively large scales, diverse ectomycorrhizal sporocarps could be found in woodlands with high diversity of woody plants. Important factors affecting the spatial distribution, occurrence, and diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi include spatial pattern of ectomycorrhizal plants and non-ectomycorrhizal plants, percentage of ectomycorrhizal plants, and plant diversity in a natural forest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- Systematic Mycology and Lichenology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China.
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Ke-Ping Ma
- Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Anderson IC, Bastias BA, Genney DR, Parkin PI, Cairney JWG. Basidiomycete fungal communities in Australian sclerophyll forest soil are altered by repeated prescribed burning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 111:482-6. [PMID: 17512711 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Soil basidiomycetes play key roles in forest nutrient and carbon cycling processes, yet the diversity and structure of below ground basidiomycete communities remain poorly understood. Prescribed burning is a commonly used forest management practice and there is evidence that single fire events can have an impact on soil fungal communities but little is known about the effects of repeated prescribed burning. We have used internal transcribed spacer (ITS) terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis to investigate the impacts of repeated prescribed burning every two or four years over a period of 30 years on soil basidiomycete communities in an Australian wet sclerophyll forest. Detrended correspondence analysis of ITS T-RFLP profiles separated basidiomycete communities in unburned control plots from those in burned plots, with those burned every two years being the most different from controls. Burning had no effect on basidiomycete species richness, thus these differences appear to be due to changes in community structure. Basidiomycete communities in the unburned control plots were vertically stratified in the upper 20 cm of soil, but no evidence was found for stratification in the burned plots, suggesting that repeated prescribed burning results in more uniform basidiomycete communities. Overall, the results demonstrate that repeated prescribed burning alters soil basidiomycete communities, with the effect being greater with more frequent burning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Anderson
- The Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dunham SM, O'Dell TE, Molina R. Forest stand age and the occurrence of chanterelle (Cantharellus) species in Oregon's central Cascade Mountains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 110:1433-40. [PMID: 17123812 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe watershed-scale habitat associations of three Cantharellus species with respect to stand age. During the 1998 autumn fruiting season we collected chanterelle sporocarps from 18 forest stands in and adjacent to the H.J. Andrews experimental forest in the central Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Sampled stands represented two age categories: old growth ( approximately 350+ y) and 40-60-y-old second growth naturally regenerated from clear-cut harvest. Old growth and second growth stands were spatially paired to reduce the chance of spurious habitat relationships caused by unmeasured correlated variables. We found stand age to be a good predictor of the distribution of C. subalbidus and C. formosus, but only marginally useful for predicting the occurrence of C. cascadensis. The odds that a randomly located chanterelle sporocarp will be C. subalbidus, compared to other chanterelles, are 3-23.5 times higher in old growth than in second growth. Alternatively, there is only a 4-38% chance that a randomly located sporocarp will be C. formosus in old growth. C. cascadensis was found to be uncommon throughout the study area and showed no significant habitat associations. The abundance of C. cascadensis increased substantially with decreasing elevation indicating that landscape features other than stand age may be more useful in predicting its occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susie M Dunham
- Oregon State University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Trappe JM, Nicholls AO, Claridge AW, Cork SJ. Prescribed burning in a Eucalyptus woodland suppresses fruiting of hypogeous fungi, an important food source for mammals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 110:1333-9. [PMID: 17059885 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Revised: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fruit bodies of hypogeous fungi are an important food source for many small mammals and are consumed by larger mammals as well. A controversial hypothesis that prescribed burning increases fruiting of certain hypogeous fungi based on observations in Tasmania was tested in the Australian Capital Territory to determine if it applied in a quite different habitat. Ten pairs of plots, burnt and nonburnt, were established at each of two sites prescribe-burnt in May 1999. When sampled in early July, after autumn rains had initiated the fungal fruiting season, species richness and numbers of fruit bodies on the burnt plots were extremely low: most plots produced none at all. Both species richness and fruit body numbers were simultaneously high on nonburnt plots. One of the sites was resampled a year after the initial sampling. At that time species richness and fruit body abundance were still significantly less on burnt plots than on nonburnt, but a strong trend towards fungal recovery on the burnt plots was evident. This was particularly so when numbers of fruit bodies of one species, the hypogeous agaric Dermocybe globuliformis, were removed from the analysis. This species strongly dominated the nonburnt plots but was absent from burnt plots in both years. The trend towards recovery of fruit body abundance in the burnt plots one year after the burn was much more pronounced with exclusion of the Dermocybe data. The Tasmanian-based hypothesis was based mostly on the fruiting of two fire-adapted species in the Mesophelliaceae. Neither species occurred on our plots. Accordingly, the results and conclusions of the Tasmanian study cannot be extrapolated to other habitats without extensive additional study. Implications for management of habitat for fungi and the animals that rely on the fungi as a food source are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Trappe
- Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-5752, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bastias BA, Xu Z, Cairney JWG. Influence of long-term repeated prescribed burning on mycelial communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2006; 172:149-58. [PMID: 16945097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01793.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
To demonstrate the efficacy of direct DNA extraction from hyphal ingrowth bags for community profiling of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mycelia in soil, we applied the method to investigate the influence of long-term repeated prescribed burning on an ECM fungal community. DNA was extracted from hyphal ingrowth bags buried in forest plots that received different prescribed burning treatments for 30 yr, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles of partial fungal rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were compared. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analyses were also used to compare clone assemblages between the treatments. The majority of sequences derived from the ingrowth bags were apparently those of ECM fungi. DGGE profiles for biennially burned plots were significantly different from those of quadrennially burned and unburned control plots. Analysis of clone assemblages indicated that this reflected altered ECM fungal community composition. The results indicate that hyphal ingrowth bags represent a useful method for investigation of ECM mycelial communities, and that frequent long-term prescribed burning can influence below-ground ECM fungal communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte A Bastias
- Centre for Plant and Food Science, University of Western Sydney, Parramatta Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC and NSW 1797, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Izzo A, Canright M, Bruns TD. The effects of heat treatments on ectomycorrhizal resistant propagules and their ability to colonize bioassay seedlings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 110:196-202. [PMID: 16387485 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2005.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Revised: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 08/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of disturbance on the resistant propagule community (RPC) of ectomycorrhizal fungi has been given relatively little attention. In this study we investigate the effects of heat, one important factor of fire disturbances, on the ability of ectomycorrhizal RPC fungi to colonize Pinus jeffreyi seedlings in greenhouse bioassays. Prior to planting the seed, soils were collected from an old growth mixed-conifer forest in the southern Sierra Nevada, California, USA and then subjected to four heat treatments of none, 45 degrees C, 60 degrees C, and 75 degrees C. After eight months, seedlings were harvested and the ectomycorrhizal fungi colonizing the roots were characterized by molecular methods (PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing). Rhizopogon species increased in dominance on seedlings grown in soils receiving the 75 degrees C heat treatment. One species significantly increased in frequency, Rhizopogon olivaceotinctus, and two species (Cenococcum geophilum and Wilcoxina sp.) significantly decreased in frequency in the 75 degrees C treatment. The increase of R. olivaceotinctus, coupled with other features of its behavior, suggests that substantial heat disturbances may benefit this species in competing for roots.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Basidiomycota/genetics
- Basidiomycota/growth & development
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Intergenic/chemistry
- DNA, Intergenic/genetics
- Fires
- Hot Temperature
- Pinus/growth & development
- Pinus/microbiology
- Plant Roots/growth & development
- Plant Roots/microbiology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/genetics
- Seedlings/growth & development
- Seedlings/microbiology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Soil Microbiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Izzo
- University of California at Berkeley, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 321 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|