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de Sousa ALV, Kostromytska OS, Wu S, Koppenhöfer AM. Optimizing Sampling Technique Parameters for Increased Precision and Practicality in Annual Bluegrass Weevil Population Monitoring. INSECTS 2023; 14:509. [PMID: 37367325 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The annual bluegrass weevil (ABW), Listronotus maculicollis (Kirby), a significant pest of short-mown turfgrass in eastern North America, has developed widespread insecticide resistance because of excessive synthetic insecticide use. The proper monitoring of this pest may reduce insecticide applications in time and space. This study evaluated three sampling methods (soap flushing, vacuuming, and mowing) in golf course greens and fairways for monitoring adult ABW. Soap flushing was the most efficient method, especially with an 0.8% solution in two portions of 500 mL, extracting over 75% of the adults, and the extraction efficiency was not affected by the temperature or time of day. Vacuuming was more effective for recovering adult ABWs on greens (4-29% extracted) than on fairways (2-4%) but was not affected by the time of day. The extraction of adult ABWs in mower clippings was significantly affected by mowing height (higher recovery from greens versus fairways), and the efficiency decreased with the temperature. Adding a brush to the mower increased adult removal (from 15% to 24%) in greens at higher temperatures (18-25 °C); 70% of adults recovered in the clippings were unharmed. Overall, our findings suggest that soap flushing should be the preferred method for monitoring adult ABWs, and vacuuming might be a viable alternative for greens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga S Kostromytska
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 96 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Shaohui Wu
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 96 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Albrecht M Koppenhöfer
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 96 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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2
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Responses of selected beetle families (Carabidae, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae) to non-crop habitats in an agricultural landscape. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAgricultural intensification has caused a simplification of agricultural landscapes, accompanied by increasing field sizes and a reduction of non-crop habitats. To mitigate negative impacts of intensification, it is necessary to understand to what extent different non-crop habitats contribute to the maintenance of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Here, we compared the taxonomic diversity of three beetle families among four habitat types—wheat fields, grassy field margins, wildflower-sown areas under power poles, and permanent grassland fallows, in an agricultural landscape in western Germany. Carabidae were caught by pitfall trapping, Chrysomelidae and Curculionidae by suction sampling. We found surprisingly little variation among habitat types, though the rarefied species number tended to be higher in grassland fallows and field margins than under power poles and in wheat fields. Nevertheless, species assemblages differed substantially among habitat types. In Carabidae, grassland fallows were dominated by hygrophilous species with poor dispersal ability as opposed to all other habitat types being dominated by open landscape species with high dispersal ability. In Chrysomelidae and Curculionidae, power pole islands differed from the other habitat types with predominantly open landscape species, whereas wheat fields and grassland fallows were clearly dominated by eurytopic species. Our results thus highlight the need for a combination of different conservation measures for enhancing the functional diversity of beetle assemblages.
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3
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Frenzel T, Rischen T, Fischer K. Humid grassland fallows promote spider diversity in a traditionally managed landscape. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Schmidt JM, Whitehouse TS, Neupane S, Miranda Rezende S, Sial A, Gariepy TD. Parasitoid Communities in the Variable Agricultural Environments of Blueberry Production in the Southeastern United States. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1480-1488. [PMID: 34260688 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In blueberry crops, there are multiple pest species, and some of those can be suppressed by natural enemies including parasitoid wasps and predators. Parasitoid wasps occur within the environment often tracking pest species for food resources to complete their lifecycle. These small wasps are also sensitive to agricultural environments including agrichemicals, habitat availability, and climate. We investigated how the structure of parasitoid communities varied between organic and conventional blueberry systems, and how the communities of these parasitoids varied within field spatial scales (forested border vs edge vs interior). With the lower intensity of agricultural interventions occurring in organic systems and forested borders, we predicted more stable parasitoid numbers that would be insulated from predicted climate variability. In our study, parasitoids were observed in low abundance in each cropping system, with community structure dependent on both management practice and field position. Unmanaged blueberry fields and forested field borders contained more parasitoid families, and in conventional systems, we saw fewer families present in the field interior as compared to field borders. In this first study to characterize Southern parasitoid communities in blueberry production systems, we observed over 50 genera of parasitoids, with a few dominant families (Braconidae and Ichneumonidae) that would contribute to biological control in blueberry systems. Overall, we captured few parasitoids, which indicates a potential vulnerability in biological control, and the need for further research using other sampling techniques to better understand these parasitoid communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Schmidt
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Tyler S Whitehouse
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
- University of Tennessee Extension, Anderson County, SC, USA
| | - Subin Neupane
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Ashfaq Sial
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Tara D Gariepy
- Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Center, London, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Management to Support Multiple Ecosystem Services from Productive Grasslands. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13116263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable intensification will require the development of new management systems to support global food demands, whilst conserving the integrity of ecosystem functions. Here, we test and identify management strategies to maintain or enhance agricultural production in grasslands whilst simultaneously supporting the provision of multiple ecosystem services. Over four years, we investigated how the establishment of three plant functional groups (grasses, legumes, and other flowering forbs), using different cultivation (minimum tillage and deep ploughing) and management (cutting, grazing and their intensity) techniques, affected provision and complementarity between key ecosystem services. These ecosystem services were agronomic production, pollination, pest control, food resources for farmland birds, and soil services. We found that the establishment of floristically diverse swards, particularly those containing grasses, legumes and forbs, maximised forage yield and quality, pollinator abundance, soil nitrogen, and bird food resources, as well as enhancing populations of natural predators of pests. Cutting management increased bird food resources and natural predators of pests without depleting other services considered. However, a single management solution to maximise the delivery of all ecosystem services is unlikely to exist, as trade-offs also occurred. Consequently, management options may need to be tailored to strategically support localised deficits in key ecosystem services.
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Eitzinger B, Abrego N, Gravel D, Huotari T, Vesterinen EJ, Roslin T. Assessing changes in arthropod predator–prey interactions through
DNA
‐based gut content analysis—variable environment, stable diet. Mol Ecol 2018; 28:266-280. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Eitzinger
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Nerea Abrego
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Tea Huotari
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Eero J Vesterinen
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Biodiversity Unit University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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Houston WA, Melzer A. Grazing and tree ‘clearing’ alter grass-associated invertebrate assemblages in an Australian tropical grassy woodland. RANGELAND JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/rj18062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the response of invertebrates to ‘clearing’ and grazing pressure impacts, a previously grazed but uncleared grassy woodland in central Queensland was manipulated to provide four grazing pressures (destocked, low, moderate and high) and two tree treatments (with trees, i.e. untreated, and ‘cleared’, i.e. trees and saplings poisoned with herbicides), with two replicates of each, making 16 plots in total. Monitoring was carried out in 1998, approximately four years post-establishment of the treatments. Two types of samples were taken: pitfall for ground-active fauna and suction for grass-associated fauna. Overall, 23 orders of invertebrates were sampled by pitfalls and 22 by suction. Significant effects of grazing on invertebrate assemblages were detected by both methods, but no effects were detected from ‘clearing’. There was a gradation in the invertebrate assemblages from low to high grazing pressure, the invertebrate assemblages in the paddocks with the highest grazing differing most from those in the destocked and low-grazing-pressure paddocks. Notwithstanding the lack of effect of ‘clearing’ at the assemblage level, ground-active invertebrates and some grass-associated invertebrates increased in abundance following ‘clearing’, possibly reflecting an increase in the quality of the resource base. However, ground-active invertebrates and grass-associated invertebrates showed contrasting responses to grazing pressure, the former increasing, possibly reflecting changes in trapability due to the more open vegetation structure at higher grazing pressures. The abundance of grass-associated invertebrates declined by 50–80% with increased grazing – although with complex changes in assemblage structure. Despite those declines, the basic trophic pyramid remained, and, along with that, the potential for recovery of invertebrate assemblages and associated ecosystem services with reduction in grazing intensity. With 80% of Queensland grazed, the reduction in invertebrate abundance has implications for the viability of insectivores, particularly mobile fauna such as birds, at a landscape scale. It is recommended that the utility of using suction samples as a basis for assessing ecosystem functional health be investigated and that grazing pressure be reduced to increase invertebrate assemblages of rangeland pastures and to improve sustainability.
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Leidinger JLG, Gossner MM, Weisser WW, Koch C, Rosadio Cayllahua ZL, Podgaiski LR, Duarte MM, Araújo ASF, Overbeck GE, Hermann JM, Kollmann J, Meyer ST. Historical and recent land use affects ecosystem functions in subtropical grasslands in Brazil. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan L. G. Leidinger
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management; Terrestrial Ecology Research Group; School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Martin M. Gossner
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management; Terrestrial Ecology Research Group; School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; 85354 Freising Germany
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Zürcherstrasse 111 8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management; Terrestrial Ecology Research Group; School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Christiane Koch
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management; Restoration Ecology Research Group; School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; 85354 Freising Germany
- Graduate Program of Botany; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Zully L. Rosadio Cayllahua
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management; Terrestrial Ecology Research Group; School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Luciana R. Podgaiski
- Graduate Program of Ecology; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Marcelo M. Duarte
- Graduate Program of Environmental Management; Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul; Rua Assis Brasil 842 São Francisco de Paula RS Brazil
| | - Ademir S. F. Araújo
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Soil Science; Centro de Ciências Agrárias; Universidade Federal do Piauí; Campus da Socopo Teresina PI Brazil
| | - Gerhard E. Overbeck
- Graduate Program of Botany; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Graduate Program of Ecology; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Department of Botany; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Julia-Maria Hermann
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management; Restoration Ecology Research Group; School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management; Restoration Ecology Research Group; School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Sebastian T. Meyer
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management; Terrestrial Ecology Research Group; School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; 85354 Freising Germany
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Perkins MJ, Inger R, Bearhop S, Sanders D. Multichannel feeding by spider functional groups is driven by feeding strategies and resource availability. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Perkins
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, Univ. of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn; Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR PR China
| | - Richard Inger
- Environment and Sustainability Inst., Univ. of Exeter, Penryn; Cornwall UK
| | - Stuart Bearhop
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, Univ. of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn; Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
| | - Dirk Sanders
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, Univ. of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn; Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
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Torode MD, Barnett KL, Facey SL, Nielsen UN, Power SA, Johnson SN. Altered Precipitation Impacts on Above- and Below-Ground Grassland Invertebrates: Summer Drought Leads to Outbreaks in Spring. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1468. [PMID: 27766101 PMCID: PMC5052266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to result in altered precipitation patterns, which may reshape many grassland ecosystems. Rainfall is expected to change in a number of different ways, ranging from periods of prolonged drought to extreme precipitation events, yet there are few community wide studies to accurately simulate future changes. We aimed to test how above- and below-ground grassland invertebrate populations were affected by contrasting future rainfall scenarios. We subjected a grassland community to potential future rainfall scenarios including ambient, increased amount (+50% of ambient), reduced amount (-50% of ambient), reduced frequency (no water for 21 days, followed by the total ambient rainfall applied in a single application) and summer drought (no rainfall for 13 weeks during the growing season). During Austral spring (September 2015), we sampled aboveground invertebrates, belowground macro invertebrates and nematodes. Aboveground communities showed a significant response to altered rainfall regime with the greatest effects observed in summer drought plots. This was mostly due to a large increase in sucking herbivores (658% higher than ambient plots). Plots experiencing summer droughts also had higher populations of parasitoids, chewing herbivores and detritivores. These plots had 92% more plant biomass suggesting that primary productivity increased rapidly following the end of the summer drought 5 months earlier. We interpret these results as supporting the plant vigor hypothesis (i.e., that rapid plant growth is beneficial to aboveground invertebrates). While belowground invertebrates were less responsive to altered precipitation, we observed a number of correlations between the abundances of above- and below-ground invertebrate groups under ambient rainfall that dissipated under altered rainfall regimes. Mechanisms underpinning these associations, and reasons for them to become decoupled under altered precipitation regimes (we term this 'climatic decoupling'), remain speculative, but they provide the basis for formulating hypotheses and future work. In conclusion, we predict that shifts in rainfall patterns, especially summer drought, will likely have large, but probably short-term, impacts on grassland invertebrate communities. In particular, sucking herbivores show sensitivity to precipitation changes, which have the potential to cascade through the food chain and affect higher trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel D. Torode
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiff, UK
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, RichmondNSW, Australia
| | - Kirk L. Barnett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, RichmondNSW, Australia
| | - Sarah L. Facey
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, RichmondNSW, Australia
| | - Uffe N. Nielsen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, RichmondNSW, Australia
| | - Sally A. Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, RichmondNSW, Australia
| | - Scott N. Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, RichmondNSW, Australia
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11
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Lafage D, Pétillon J. Relative importance of management and natural flooding on spider, carabid and plant assemblages in extensively used grasslands along the Loire. Basic Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Schoenly KG, Barrion AT. Designing Standardized and Optimized Surveys to Assess Invertebrate Biodiversity in Tropical Irrigated Rice Using Structured Inventory and Species Richness Models. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:446-464. [PMID: 26865370 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Insect pest management depends on simple, rapid, and reliable sampling methods that should also be standardized and optimized. We tested structured inventory, community characterization, and sampling optimization approaches on the invertebrate fauna of Philippine irrigated rice, undisrupted by pesticides, using seven field methods and species richness models. Canopy and floodwater invertebrates were intensively and repetitively sampled from 600 quadrats (∼0.1-m(2) planar area) over dry and wet cropping seasons in one field at the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines. In the canopy, pooled counts from D-Vac and plant dissections (PD) on the same rice hills ("absolute methodology") were compared with three other methods (i.e., FARMCOP, Blower-Vac, sweep-net), while, in the floodwater, the area collector ("absolute methodology") was compared with three other methods (i.e., FARMCOP, Blower-Vac, strainer-net). Overall, 25 and 50% of the observed richness of canopy and floodwater taxa, respectively, were caught by all four methods. Estimated inventory completeness for the canopy and floodwater averaged 82 and 98%, respectively, after all methods were pooled. To maximize observed richness, optimization results for the canopy recommended allocating the highest sampling effort to D-Vac and PD, followed by the Blower-Vac, whereas the area collector should be assigned the highest sampling effort in the floodwater, followed by the strainer-net or Blower-Vac. Our results suggest that structured inventory and species richness models are useful tools for setting optimization criteria and stopping rules for sampling crop-invertebrate assemblages based on inventory completeness and for enabling more informative biodiversity comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G Schoenly
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Stanislaus, 1 University Circle, Turlock, CA 95382 ,
| | - Alberto T Barrion
- Department of Biology, De La Salle University Taft, Metro Manila, Philippines
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14
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Diet of the Nonnative Greenhouse Frog (Eleutherodactylus planirostris) in Maui, Hawaii. J HERPETOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1670/14-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Disentangling the influence of local and landscape factors on alpha and beta diversities: opposite response of plants and ground-dwelling arthropods in wet meadows. Ecol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-015-1304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Hartley SE, Green JP, Massey FP, Press MCP, Stewart AJA, John EA. Hemiparasitic plant impacts animal and plant communities across four trophic levels. Ecology 2015; 96:2408-16. [DOI: 10.1890/14-1244.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Burghardt KT, Tallamy DW. Not all non-natives are equally unequal: reductions in herbivore β-diversity depend on phylogenetic similarity to native plant community. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:1087-98. [PMID: 26271480 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Effects of host plant α- and β-diversity often confound studies of herbivore β-diversity, hindering our ability to predict the full impact of non-native plants on herbivores. Here, while controlling host plant diversity, we examined variation in herbivore communities between native and non-native plants, focusing on how plant relatedness and spatial scale alter the result. We found lower absolute magnitudes of β-diversity among tree species and among sites on non-natives in all comparisons. However, lower relative β-diversity only occurred for immature herbivores on phylogenetically distinct non-natives vs. natives. Locally in that comparison, non-native gardens had lower host specificity; while among sites, the herbivores supported were a redundant subset of species on natives. Therefore, when phylogenetically distinct non-natives replace native plants, the community of immature herbivores is likely to be homogenised across landscapes. Differences in communities on closely related non-natives were subtler, but displayed community shifts and increased generalisation on non-natives within certain feeding guilds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin T Burghardt
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716-2103, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Douglas W Tallamy
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716-2103, USA
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Meyer ST, Koch C, Weisser WW. Towards a standardized Rapid Ecosystem Function Assessment (REFA). Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 30:390-7. [PMID: 25997592 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying ecosystem functioning is important for both fundamental and applied ecological research. However, there is currently a gap between the data available and the data needed to address topical questions, such as the drivers of functioning in different ecosystems under global change or the best management to sustain provisioning of ecosystem functions and services. Here, we identify a set of important functions and propose a Rapid Ecosystem Function Assessment (REFA). The proposed methods were specifically selected to be low-tech, easy to use, repeatable, and cost efficient. Thus, REFA enables standardized and comparable measurements of proxies for these functions that can be used at a large scale within and across studies. Adopting REFA can help to close the identified ecosystem functioning data gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian T Meyer
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Christiane Koch
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Turrini T, Knop E. A landscape ecology approach identifies important drivers of urban biodiversity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:1652-1667. [PMID: 25620599 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cities are growing rapidly worldwide, yet a mechanistic understanding of the impact of urbanization on biodiversity is lacking. We assessed the impact of urbanization on arthropod diversity (species richness and evenness) and abundance in a study of six cities and nearby intensively managed agricultural areas. Within the urban ecosystem, we disentangled the relative importance of two key landscape factors affecting biodiversity, namely the amount of vegetated area and patch isolation. To do so, we a priori selected sites that independently varied in the amount of vegetated area in the surrounding landscape at the 500-m scale and patch isolation at the 100-m scale, and we hold local patch characteristics constant. As indicator groups, we used bugs, beetles, leafhoppers, and spiders. Compared to intensively managed agricultural ecosystems, urban ecosystems supported a higher abundance of most indicator groups, a higher number of bug species, and a lower evenness of bug and beetle species. Within cities, a high amount of vegetated area increased species richness and abundance of most arthropod groups, whereas evenness showed no clear pattern. Patch isolation played only a limited role in urban ecosystems, which contrasts findings from agro-ecological studies. Our results show that urban areas can harbor a similar arthropod diversity and abundance compared to intensively managed agricultural ecosystems. Further, negative consequences of urbanization on arthropod diversity can be mitigated by providing sufficient vegetated space in the urban area, while patch connectivity is less important in an urban context. This highlights the need for applying a landscape ecological approach to understand the mechanisms shaping urban biodiversity and underlines the potential of appropriate urban planning for mitigating biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Turrini
- Department of Community Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Karg J, Kujawa K, Manhart C, Marschalek H, Neugebauer KR, Sachteleben J. Restoration of Subalpine Species-Rich Grasslands: Short-TermvsLong-Term Changes in the Density and Diversity of above-Ground Insects. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2015.63.1.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hines J, van der Putten WH, De Deyn GB, Wagg C, Voigt W, Mulder C, Weisser WW, Engel J, Melian C, Scheu S, Birkhofer K, Ebeling A, Scherber C, Eisenhauer N. Towards an Integration of Biodiversity–Ecosystem Functioning and Food Web Theory to Evaluate Relationships between Multiple Ecosystem Services. ADV ECOL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lee MA, Manning P, Walker CS, Power SA. Plant and arthropod community sensitivity to rainfall manipulation but not nitrogen enrichment in a successional grassland ecosystem. Oecologia 2014; 176:1173-85. [PMID: 25224801 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Grasslands provide many ecosystem services including carbon storage, biodiversity preservation and livestock forage production. These ecosystem services will change in the future in response to multiple global environmental changes, including climate change and increased nitrogen inputs. We conducted an experimental study over 3 years in a mesotrophic grassland ecosystem in southern England. We aimed to expose plots to rainfall manipulation that simulated IPCC 4th Assessment projections for 2100 (+15% winter rainfall and -30% summer rainfall) or ambient climate, achieving +15% winter rainfall and -39% summer rainfall in rainfall-manipulated plots. Nitrogen (40 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) was also added to half of the experimental plots in factorial combination. Plant species composition and above ground biomass were not affected by rainfall in the first 2 years and the plant community did not respond to nitrogen enrichment throughout the experiment. In the third year, above-ground plant biomass declined in rainfall-manipulated plots, driven by a decline in the abundances of grass species characteristic of moist soils. Declining plant biomass was also associated with changes to arthropod communities, with lower abundances of plant-feeding Auchenorrhyncha and carnivorous Araneae indicating multi-trophic responses to rainfall manipulation. Plant and arthropod community composition and plant biomass responses to rainfall manipulation were not modified by nitrogen enrichment, which was not expected, but may have resulted from prior nitrogen saturation and/or phosphorus limitation. Overall, our study demonstrates that climate change may in future influence plant productivity and induce multi-trophic responses in grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lee
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK,
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Simons NK, Gossner MM, Lewinsohn TM, Boch S, Lange M, Müller J, Pašalić E, Socher SA, Türke M, Fischer M, Weisser WW. Resource-mediated indirect effects of grassland management on arthropod diversity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107033. [PMID: 25188423 PMCID: PMC4154770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive land use is a driving force for biodiversity decline in many ecosystems. In semi-natural grasslands, land-use activities such as mowing, grazing and fertilization affect the diversity of plants and arthropods, but the combined effects of different drivers and the chain of effects are largely unknown. In this study we used structural equation modelling to analyse how the arthropod communities in managed grasslands respond to land use and whether these responses are mediated through changes in resource diversity or resource quantity (biomass). Plants were considered resources for herbivores which themselves were considered resources for predators. Plant and arthropod (herbivores and predators) communities were sampled on 141 meadows, pastures and mown pastures within three regions in Germany in 2008 and 2009. Increasing land-use intensity generally increased plant biomass and decreased plant diversity, mainly through increasing fertilization. Herbivore diversity decreased together with plant diversity but showed no response to changes in plant biomass. Hence, land-use effects on herbivore diversity were mediated through resource diversity rather than quantity. Land-use effects on predator diversity were mediated by both herbivore diversity (resource diversity) and herbivore quantity (herbivore biomass), but indirect effects through resource quantity were stronger. Our findings highlight the importance of assessing both direct and indirect effects of land-use intensity and mode on different trophic levels. In addition to the overall effects, there were subtle differences between the different regions, pointing to the importance of regional land-use specificities. Our study underlines the commonly observed strong effect of grassland land use on biodiversity. It also highlights that mechanistic approaches help us to understand how different land-use modes affect biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja K. Simons
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Martin M. Gossner
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Lewinsohn
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steffen Boch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Lange
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Esther Pašalić
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Türke
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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Lindsay KJ, Allen AP, Major RE. Can spatial and temporal food variability explain the winter foraging movements of a threatened saltmarsh insectivore? AUSTRAL ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis J. Lindsay
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde New South Wales Australia
| | - Andrew P. Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde New South Wales Australia
| | - Richard E. Major
- Australian Museum Research Institute; Australian Museum; 6 College St Sydney NSW 2010 Australia
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Burghardt KT, Tallamy DW. Plant origin asymmetrically impacts feeding guilds and life stages driving community structure of herbivorous arthropods. DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karin T. Burghardt
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology; University of Delaware; Newark DE 19716-2103 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Yale University; New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Douglas W. Tallamy
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology; University of Delaware; Newark DE 19716-2103 USA
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Zhao ZH, Shi PJ, Hui C, Ouyang F, Ge F, Li BL. Solving the pitfalls of pitfall trapping: a two-circle method for density estimation of ground-dwelling arthropods. Methods Ecol Evol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; 100101; China
| | - Pei-Jian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; 100101; China
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology; Department of Botany and Zoology; Stellenbosch University; Matieland; 7602; South Africa
| | - Fang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; 100101; China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; 100101; China
| | - Bai-Lian Li
- Ecological Complexity and Modeling Laboratory; Department of Botany and Plant Sciences; University of California; Riverside; CA; 92521-0124; USA
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Tanner RA, Varia S, Eschen R, Wood S, Murphy ST, Gange AC. Impacts of an invasive non-native annual weed, Impatiens glandulifera, on above- and below-ground invertebrate communities in the United Kingdom. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67271. [PMID: 23840648 PMCID: PMC3696085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetation community composition and the above- and below-ground invertebrate communities are linked intrinsically, though few studies have assessed the impact of non-native plants on both these parts of the community together. We evaluated the differences in the above- (foliage- and ground-dwelling) and below-ground invertebrate communities in nine uninvaded plots and nine plots invaded by the annual invasive species Impatiens glandulifera, in the UK during 2007 and 2008. Over 139,000 invertebrates were identified into distinct taxa and categorised into functional feeding groups. The impact of I. glandulifera on the vegetation and invertebrate community composition was evaluated using multivariate statistics including principal response curves (PRC) and redundancy analysis (RDA). In the foliage-dwelling community, all functional feeding groups were less abundant in the invaded plots, and the species richness of Coleoptera and Heteroptera was significantly reduced. In the ground-dwelling community, herbivores, detritivores, and predators were all significantly less abundant in the invaded plots. In contrast, these functional groups in the below-ground community appeared to be largely unaffected, and even positively associated with the presence of I. glandulifera. Although the cover of I. glandulifera decreased in the invaded plots in the second year of the study, only the below-ground invertebrate community showed a significant response. These results indicate that the above- and below-ground invertebrate communities respond differently to the presence of I. glandulifera, and these community shifts can potentially lead to a habitat less biologically diverse than surrounding native communities; which could have negative impacts on higher trophic levels and ecosystem functioning.
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Woodcock B, Bullock J, Nowakowski M, Orr R, Tallowin J, Pywell R. Enhancing floral diversity to increase the robustness of grassland beetle assemblages to environmental change. Conserv Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263x.2012.00262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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McCall BD, Pennings SC. Geographic variation in salt marsh structure and function. Oecologia 2012; 170:777-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Disturbance and recovery of salt marsh arthropod communities following BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32735. [PMID: 22412916 PMCID: PMC3296729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil spills represent a major environmental threat to coastal wetlands, which provide a variety of critical ecosystem services to humanity. The U.S. Gulf of Mexico is a hub of oil and gas exploration activities that historically have impacted intertidal habitats such as salt marsh. Following the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill, we sampled the terrestrial arthropod community and marine invertebrates found in stands of Spartina alterniflora, the most abundant plant in coastal salt marshes. Sampling occurred in 2010 as oil was washing ashore and a year later in 2011. In 2010, intertidal crabs and terrestrial arthropods (insects and spiders) were suppressed by oil exposure even in seemingly unaffected stands of plants; however, Littoraria snails were unaffected. One year later, crab and arthropods had largely recovered. Our work is the first attempt that we know of assessing vulnerability of the salt marsh arthropod community to oil exposure, and it suggests that arthropods are both quite vulnerable to oil exposure and quite resilient, able to recover from exposure within a year if host plants remain healthy.
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Schmidt JM, Harwood JD, Rypstra AL. Foraging activity of a dominant epigeal predator: molecular evidence for the effect of prey density on consumption. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.20366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rzanny M, Voigt W. Complexity of multitrophic interactions in a grassland ecosystem depends on plant species diversity. J Anim Ecol 2012; 81:614-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Anderson A, McCormack S, Helden A, Sheridan H, Kinsella A, Purvis G. The potential of parasitoid Hymenoptera as bioindicators of arthropod diversity in agricultural grasslands. J Appl Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01937.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Woodcock BA, Heard MS. Disentangling the effects of predator hunting mode and habitat domain on the top-down control of insect herbivores. J Anim Ecol 2010; 80:495-503. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01790.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Burghardt KT, Tallamy DW, Philips C, Shropshire KJ. Non-native plants reduce abundance, richness, and host specialization in lepidopteran communities. Ecosphere 2010. [DOI: 10.1890/es10-00032.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Woodcock BA, Vogiatzakis IN, Westbury DB, Lawson CS, Edwards AR, Brook AJ, Harris SJ, Lock KA, Maczey N, Masters G, Brown VK, Mortimer SR. The role of management and landscape context in the restoration of grassland phytophagous beetles. J Appl Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wolkovich EM. Nonnative grass litter enhances grazing arthropod assemblages by increasing native shrub growth. Ecology 2010; 91:756-66. [DOI: 10.1890/09-0147.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Woodcock BA, Potts SG, Tscheulin T, Pilgrim E, Ramsey AJ, Harrison-Cripps J, Brown VK, Tallowin JR. Responses of invertebrate trophic level, feeding guild and body size to the management of improved grassland field margins. J Appl Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lewis D, Denno RF. A seasonal shift in habitat suitability enhances an annual predator subsidy. J Anim Ecol 2009; 78:752-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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