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Kerdkumthong K, Chanket W, Runsaeng P, Nanarong S, Songsurin K, Tantimetta P, Angsuthanasombat C, Aroonkesorn A, Obchoei S. Two Recombinant Bacteriocins, Rhamnosin and Lysostaphin, Show Synergistic Anticancer Activity Against Gemcitabine-Resistant Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:713-725. [PMID: 37294416 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a bile duct cancer with a high mortality rate, has a poor prognosis due to its highly invasive and drug-resistant phenotypes. More effective and selective therapies are urgently needed. Bacteriocins are broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides/proteins produced by bacterial strains to compete with other bacteria. Recent studies have reported that bacteriocins exhibit anticancer properties against various cancer cell lines with minimal toxicity toward normal cells. In this study, two types of recombinant bacteriocins, rhamnosin from probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and lysostaphin from Staphylococcus simulans, were highly produced in Escherichia coli and subsequently purified via immobilized-Ni2+ affinity chromatography. When their anticancer activity was investigated against CCA cell lines, both rhamnosin and lysostaphin were found capable of inhibiting the growth of CCA cell lines in a dose-dependent fashion but were less toxic toward a normal cholangiocyte cell line. Rhamnosin and lysostaphin as single treatments could suppress the growth of gemcitabine-resistant cell lines to the same extent as or more than they suppressed the parental counterparts. A combination of both bacteriocins more strongly inhibited growth and enhanced cell apoptosis in both parental and gemcitabine-resistant cells partly through the increased expression of the proapoptotic genes BAX, and caspase-3, -8, and -9. In conclusion, this is the first report to demonstrate an anticancer property of rhamnosin and lysostaphin. Using these bacteriocins as single agents or in combination would be effective against drug-resistant CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankamol Kerdkumthong
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Biochemistry Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wannarat Chanket
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Biochemistry Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Phanthipha Runsaeng
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Biochemistry Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sutthipong Nanarong
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Biochemistry Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kawinnath Songsurin
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Biochemistry Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Phonprapavee Tantimetta
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Biochemistry Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chanan Angsuthanasombat
- Bacterial Toxin Research Innovation Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom, 73170, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Aratee Aroonkesorn
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Biochemistry Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sumalee Obchoei
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Biochemistry Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand.
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Khánh CM, Van Quyen D, Van TTH, Moore RJ. Heterologously expressed SacP23, a novel bacteriocin from Paenibacillus polymyxa #23, is active against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:231119. [PMID: 38126065 PMCID: PMC10731318 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides have the potential to be used in a range of applications, including as an alternative to conventional antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections of humans and animals. Therefore, there is interest in identifying novel bacteriocins which have desirable physico-chemical properties or antimicrobial activities. Paenibacillus polymyxa #23, isolated from a marine sponge, has wide spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. To explore the basis of this antimicrobial activity, the complete genome sequence of the strain was examined. Multiple genes predicted to encode antimicrobial peptides were identified. One gene was predicted to encode a novel sactipeptide bacteriocin, named SacP23. To confirm that SacP23 does have antimicrobial activity and to explore the antimicrobial spectrum of the peptide it was heterologously expressed in Bacillus subtilis. A cluster of eight genes, encoding a full complement of accessory genes as well as the structural gene expressed from the native promoter, was cloned into B. subtilis BS54A. The recombinant strain displayed antimicrobial activity against several Gram-positive bacteria, including multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Heterologous expression of a whole gene cluster offers a powerful way to interrogate and resolve the various antimicrobial activities expressed by native strains that encode multiple compounds of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Châu Minh Khánh
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 02 Hung Vuong, Loc Tho, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Dong Van Quyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Robert J. Moore
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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3
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Choyam S, Kammara R. Understanding the Necessity of Regulatory Protein Machinery in Heterologous Expression of Class-III Type of Ocins. Protein J 2023:10.1007/s10930-023-10106-8. [PMID: 36976382 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
To date, there have been no or just a few reports of successful cloning and expression to create biologically active ocins or bacteriocins. Cloning, expression, and production of class I ocins are problematic because of their structural arrangements, coordinated functions, size, and posttranslational modifications. Mass synthesis of these molecules is necessary for commercialization and to restrict the excessive use of conventional antibiotics, which encourages the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In the case of class III ocins, there are no reports of obtaining biological active proteins to date. Being able to obtain biologically active proteins requires an understanding of mechanistic features due to their expanding importance and broad spectrum of activity. As a result, we intend to clone and express the class III type. The class I types that are devoid of posttranslational modifications were transformed into class III through fusion. Therefore, this construct resembles a class III type ocin. With the exception of Zoocin, expression of the proteins was found to be physiologically ineffective after cloning. But, few cell morphological changes such as elongation, aggregation, and the formation of terminal hyphae were observed. However, it was discovered that the target indicator had been altered to Vibrio spp. in a few. All the three ocins were subjected to in-silico structure prediction/analysis. Finally, we confirm the existence of unidentified additional intrinsic factors for successful expression to obtain biologically active protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilja Choyam
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore, India
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4
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Cui Y, Luo L, Wang X, Lu Y, Yi Y, Shan Y, Liu B, Zhou Y, Lü X. Mining, heterologous expression, purification, antibactericidal mechanism, and application of bacteriocins: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:863-899. [PMID: 33443793 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are generally considered as low-molecular-weight ribosomal peptides or proteins synthesized by G+ and G- bacteria that inhibit or kill other related or unrelated microorganisms. However, low yield is an important factor restricting the application of bacteriocins. This paper reviews mining methods, heterologous expression in different systems, the purification technologies applied to bacteriocins, and identification methods, as well as the antibacterial mechanism and applications in three different food systems. Bioinformatics improves the efficiency of bacteriocins mining. Bacteriocins can be heterologously expressed in different expression systems (e.g., Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus, and yeast). Ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis membrane, pH-mediated cell adsorption/desorption, solvent extraction, macroporous resin column, and chromatography are always used as purification methods for bacteriocins. The bacteriocins are identified through electrophoresis and mass spectrum. Cell envelope (e.g., cell permeabilization and pore formation) and inhibition of gene expression are common antibacterial mechanisms of bacteriocins. Bacteriocins can be added to protect meat products (e.g., beef and sausages), dairy products (e.g., cheese, milk, and yogurt), and vegetables and fruits (e.g., salad, apple juice, and soybean sprouts). The future research directions are also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Cui
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lingli Luo
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanglei Yi
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shan
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bianfang Liu
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Lü
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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5
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Mesa-Pereira B, Rea MC, Cotter PD, Hill C, Ross RP. Heterologous Expression of Biopreservative Bacteriocins With a View to Low Cost Production. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1654. [PMID: 30093889 PMCID: PMC6070625 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins, a heterogenous group of antibacterial ribosomally synthesized peptides, have potential as bio-preservatives in in a wide range of foods and as future therapeutics for the inhibition of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. While many bacteriocins have been characterized, several factors limit their production in large quantities, a requirement to make them commercially viable for food or pharma applications. The identification of new bacteriocins by database mining has been promising, but their potential is difficult to evaluate in the absence of suitable expression systems. E. coli has been used as a heterologous host to produce recombinant proteins for decades and has an extensive set of expression vectors and strains available. Here, we review the different expression systems for bacteriocin production using this host and identify the most important features to guarantee successful production of a range of bacteriocins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Mesa-Pereira
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary C Rea
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,College of Science Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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6
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Hu X, Lai CYN, Sivakumar T, Wang H, Ng KL, Lam CC, Wong WKR. Novel strategy for expression of authentic and bioactive human basic fibroblast growth factor in Bacillus subtilis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7061-7069. [PMID: 29951857 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inteins, also known as "protein introns," have been found to be present in many microbial species and widely employed for the expression and purification of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. However, interestingly, until now there has not been much information on the identification and application of inteins to protein expression in Bacillus subtilis. In this article, for the first time, despite the likelihood of absence of inteins in B. subtilis, this bacterium was shown to be able to facilitate auto-catalytic cleavages of fusions formed between inteins and recombinant proteins. Employing a construct expressing the intein, Ssp DnaB, (DnaB), which was fused at its N-terminus with the cellulose-binding domain (CellBD) of an endoglucanase encoded by the cenA gene of Cellulomonas fimi, the construct was demonstrated to be capable of mediating intracellular expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), followed by auto-processing of the CellBD-DnaB-bFGF fusion to result in bFGF possessing the 146-residue authentic structure. The mentioned fusion was shown to result in a high yield of 84 mg l-1 of biologically active bFGF. Future work in improving the growth of B. subtilis may enable the use of this bacterium, working in cooperation with inteins, to result in a new platform for efficient expression of valuable proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Hu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk Yin Nelson Lai
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - T Sivakumar
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - K L Ng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - C C Lam
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - W K R Wong
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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7
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Controlled functional expression of the bacteriocins pediocin PA-1 and bactofencin A in Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3069. [PMID: 28596555 PMCID: PMC5465099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacteriocins bactofencin A (class IId) and pediocin PA-1 (class IIa) are encoded by operons with a similarly clustered gene organization including a structural peptide, an immunity protein, an ABC transporter and accessory bacteriocin transporter protein. Cloning of these operons in E. coli TunerTM (DE3) on a pETcoco-2 derived vector resulted in successful secretion of both bacteriocins. A corresponding approach, involving the construction of vectors containing different combinations of these genes, revealed that the structural and the transporter genes alone are sufficient to permit heterologous production and secretion in this host. Even though the accessory protein, usually associated with optimal disulfide bond formation, was not required for bacteriocin synthesis, its presence did result in greater pediocin PA-1 production. The simplicity of the system and the fact that the associated bacteriocins could be recovered from the extracellular medium provides an opportunity to facilitate protein engineering and the overproduction of biologically-active bacteriocins at industrial scale. Additionally, this system could enable the characterization of new bacteriocin operons where genetic tools are not available for the native producers.
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8
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Meng F, Zhao H, Zhang C, Lu F, Bie X, Lu Z. Expression of a novel bacteriocin—the plantaricin Pln1—in Escherichia coli and its functional analysis. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 119:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Development of a homologous expression system for and systematic site-directed mutagenesis analysis of thurincin H, a bacteriocin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis SF361. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 80:3576-84. [PMID: 24682301 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00433-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thurincin H is an antimicrobial peptide produced by Bacillus thuringiensis SF361. With a helical back bone, the 31 amino acids of thurincin H form a hairpin structure maintained by four pairs of very unique sulfur-to-α-carbon thioether bonds. The production of thurincin H depends on a putative gene cluster containing 10 open reading frames. The gene cluster includes three tandem structural genes (thnA1, thnA2, and thnA3) encoding three identical 40-amino-acid thurincin H prepeptides and seven other genes putatively responsible for prepeptide processing, regulation, modification, exportation, and self-immunity. A homologous thurincin H expression system was developed by transforming a thurincin H-deficient host with a novel expression vector, pGW133. The host, designated B. thuringiensis SF361 ΔthnA1 ΔthnA2 ΔthnA3, was constructed by deletion of the three tandem structural genes from the chromosome of the natural thurincin H producer. The thurincin H expression vector pGW133 was constructed by cloning the thurincin H native promoter, thnA1, and a Cry protein terminator into the Escherichia coli-B. thuringiensis shuttle vector pHT315. Thirty-three different pGW133 variants, each containing a different point mutation in the thnA1 gene, were generated and separately transformed into B. thuringiensis SF361 ΔthnA1 ΔthnA2 ΔthnA3. Those site-directed mutants contained either a single radical or conservative amino acid substitution on the thioether linkage-forming positions or a radical substitution on all other nonalanine amino acids. The bacteriocin activities of B. thuringiensis SF361 ΔthnA1 ΔthnA2 ΔthnA3 carrying different pGW133 variants against three different indicator strains were subsequently compared.
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10
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Hu X, Mao R, Zhang Y, Teng D, Wang X, Xi D, Huang J, Wang J. Biotechnical paving of recombinant enterocin A as the candidate of anti-Listeria agent. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:220. [PMID: 25163588 PMCID: PMC4160546 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterocin A is a classic IIa bacteriocin isolated firstly from Enterococcus faecium CTC492 with selective antimicrobial activity against Listeria strains. However, the application of enterocin A as an anti-Listeria agent has been limited due to its very low native yield. The present work describes high production of enterocin A through codon optimization strategy and its character study. Results The gene sequence of enterocin A was optimized based on preferential codon usage in Pichia pastoris to increase its expression efficiency. The highest anti-Listeria activity reached 51,200 AU/ml from 180 mg/l of total protein after 24 h of induction in a 5-L fermenter. Recombinant enterocin A (rEntA), purified by gel filtration chromatography, showed very strong activity against Listeria ivanovii ATCC 19119 with a low MIC of 20 ng/ml. In addition, the rEntA killed over 99% of tested L. ivanovii ATCC19119 within 4 h when exposed to 4 × MIC (80 ng/ml). Moreover, it showed high stability under a wide pH range (2–10) and maintained full activity after 1 h of treatment at 80°C within a pH range of 2–8. Its antimicrobial activity was enhanced at 25 and 50 mM NaCl, while 100–400 mM NaCl had little effect on the bactericidal ability of rEntA. Conclusion The EntA was successfully expressed in P. pastoris, and this feasible system could pave the pre-industrial technological path of rEntA as a competent candidate as an anti-Listeria agent. Furthermore, it showed high stability under wide ranges of conditions, which could be potential as the new candidate of anti-Listeria agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianzhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
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11
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Luan C, Xie YG, Pu YT, Zhang HW, Han FF, Feng J, Wang YZ. Recombinant expression of antimicrobial peptides using a novel self-cleaving aggregation tag in Escherichia coli. Can J Microbiol 2014; 60:113-20. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2013-0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are part of the innate immune system of complex multicellular organisms. Despite the fact that AMPs show great potential as a novel class of antibiotics, the lack of a cost-effective means for their mass production limits both basic research and clinical use. In this work, we describe a novel expression system for the production of antimicrobial peptides in Escherichia coli by combining ΔI-CM mini-intein with the self-assembling amphipathic peptide 18A to drive the formation of active aggregates. Two AMPs, human β-defensin 2 and LL-37, were fused to the self-cleaving tag and expressed as active protein aggregates. The active aggregates were recovered by centrifugation and the intact antimicrobial peptides were released into solution by an intein-mediated cleavage reaction in cleaving buffer (phosphate-buffered saline supplemented with 40 mmol/L Bis–Tris, 2 mmol/L EDTA, pH 6.2). The peptides were further purified by cation-exchange chromatography. Peptides yields of 0.82 ± 0.24 and 0.59 ± 0.11 mg/L were achieved for human β-defensin 2 and LL-37, respectively, with demonstrated antimicrobial activity. Using our expression system, intact antimicrobial peptides were recovered by simple centrifugation from active protein aggregates after the intein-mediated cleavage reaction. Thus, we provide an economical and efficient way to produce intact antimicrobial peptides in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Luan
- Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture (East China), Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Gang Xie
- Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture (East China), Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Tian Pu
- Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture (East China), Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Wen Zhang
- Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture (East China), Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Fei Han
- Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture (East China), Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture (East China), Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhen Wang
- Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture (East China), Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Olejnik-Schmidt AK, Schmidt MT, Sip A, Szablewski T, Grajek W. Expression of bacteriocin divercin AS7 in Escherichia coli and its functional analysis. ANN MICROBIOL 2013; 64:1197-1202. [PMID: 25100927 PMCID: PMC4119584 DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are small peptides with antimicrobial activity, that are produced by bacteria. Four classes of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria have been defined. Class IIa bacteriocins are promising candidates for industrial applications due to their high biological activity and their physicochemical properties. Divercin AS7 is a class IIa bacteriocin produced by Carnobacterium divergens AS7. It shows antibacterial activity against pathogens and food spoilage flora including Listeria spp. Little is known about the impact of class IIa bacteriocins upon eukaryotic cells. The safe use of bacteriocins as food biopreservatives requires the absence of cytotoxicity to human cells. To analyze the impact of divercin AS7 on human enterocytes, we expressed the recombinant divercin AS7 in the Escherichia coli BL21DE3pLys strain and conducted in vitro studies to evaluate the safety of recombinant divercin AS7. No cytotoxic effect on differentiated monolayer Caco-2 cells and no apoptotic appearance were observed when recombinant divercin AS7 was used at a concentration of 2 μg ml−1. In our study, divercin AS7 also did not interfere with differentiated Caco-2 cells monolayer integrity. The obtained results suggest that divercin AS7 is a promising peptide for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka K Olejnik-Schmidt
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego Street No. 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin T Schmidt
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego Street No. 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Sip
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego Street No. 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szablewski
- Department of Food Quality Management, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego Street No. 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Grajek
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego Street No. 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
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13
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A revolutionary approach facilitating co-expression of authentic human epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in both cytoplasm and culture medium of Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:9071-80. [PMID: 23880874 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
During secretory or excretory production of heterologous proteins in Escherichia coli, peptidase processing cleaves the signal peptide off from a premature protein, which is then secreted as a mature product. Many proteins have been successfully expressed as secreted/excreted products in E. coli. However, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), despite its suitability for secretory/excretory production in E. coli, has never been successfully expressed using such an approach. In this communication, we report the application of a revolutionary E. coli system to the efficient expression of not only bFGF, but also human epidermal growth factor (EGF) concurrently, as authentic products in the culture supernatant (SN). More interestingly, both polypeptides were also shown to be present at high levels as authentic products in the cell lysate (CL). The manifestation of this unusual phenomenon required a collaborative action between construct pWKW2, an efficient excretion vector engineered by our group to facilitate extracellular production of EGF, and the Sce VMA intein, which enables self-cleavage of protein sequences fused to it. Both bFGF and EGF derived from SN and CL were characterized to be bioactive. Moreover, despite employing only shake-flask cultivation, the total yields of bFGF and EGF recovered from both SN and CL were impressive, amounting to 103 and 74 mg l(-1) of culture, respectively. The novel expression approach introduced herein may prove to be practically useful for the production of a wide range of proteins in the future.
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Cell-mediated killing of Listeria monocytogenes by leucocin C producing Escherichia coli. Microbiol Res 2013; 168:300-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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Recombinant production of antimicrobial peptides in Escherichia coli: A review. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 80:260-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Development of Class IIa Bacteriocins as Therapeutic Agents. Int J Microbiol 2011; 2012:386410. [PMID: 22187559 PMCID: PMC3236453 DOI: 10.1155/2012/386410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Class IIa bacteriocins have been primarily explored as natural food preservatives, but there is much interest in exploring the application of these peptides as therapeutic antimicrobial agents. Bacteriocins of this class possess antimicrobial activity against several important human pathogens. Therefore, the therapeutic development of these bacteriocins will be reviewed. Biological and chemical modifications to both stabilize and increase the potency of bacteriocins are discussed, as well as the optimization of their production and purification. The suitability of bacteriocins as pharmaceuticals is explored through determinations of cytotoxicity, effects on the natural microbiota, and in vivo efficacy in mouse models. Recent results suggest that class IIa bacteriocins show promise as a class of therapeutic agents.
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17
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18
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Dawson RM, Liu CQ. Cathelicidin peptide SMAP-29: comprehensive review of its properties and potential as a novel class of antibiotics. Drug Dev Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Lu Q, Burns MC, McDevitt PJ, Graham TL, Sukman AJ, Fornwald JA, Tang X, Gallagher KT, Hunsberger GE, Foley JJ, Schmidt DB, Kerrigan JJ, Lewis TS, Ames RS, Johanson KO. Optimized procedures for producing biologically active chemokines. Protein Expr Purif 2009; 65:251-60. [PMID: 19297698 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe here two strategies to produce biologically active chemokines with authentic N-terminal amino acid residues. The first involves producing the target chemokine with an N-terminal 6xHis-SUMO tag in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies. The fusion protein is solubilized and purified with Ni-NTA-agarose in denaturing reagents. This is further followed by tag removal and refolding in a redox refolding buffer. The second approach involves expressing the target chemokine with an N-terminal 6xHis-Trx-SUMO tag in an engineered E. coli strain that facilitates formation of disulfide bonds in the cytoplasm. Following purification of the fusion protein via Ni-NTA and tag removal, the target chemokine is refolded without redox buffer and purified by reverse phase chromatography. Using the procedures, we have produced more than 15 biologically active chemokines, with a yield of up to 15 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn Lu
- GlaxoSmithKline, Biological Reagents & Assay Development, Mail Code: UE0548, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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20
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Li Y. Carrier proteins for fusion expression of antimicrobial peptides in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2009; 54:1-9. [PMID: 19575694 PMCID: PMC7188355 DOI: 10.1042/ba20090087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are an essential component of innate immunity and play an important role in host defence against microbial pathogens. They have received increasing attention recently as potential novel pharmaceutical agents. To meet the requirement for necessary basic science studies and clinical trials, large quantities of these peptides are needed. In general, isolation from natural sources and chemical synthesis are not cost-effective. The relatively low cost and easy scale-up of the recombinant approach renders it the most attractive means for large-scale production of antimicrobial peptides. Among the many systems available for protein expression, Escherichia coli remains the most widely used host. Antimicrobial peptides produced in E. coli are often expressed as fusion proteins, which effectively masks these peptides' potential lethal effect towards the bacterial host and protects the peptides from proteolytic degradation. Although some carriers confer peptide solubility, others promote the formation of inclusion bodies. The present minireview considers the most commonly used carrier proteins for fusion expression of antimicrobial peptides in E. coli. The favourable properties of SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) as a novel fusion partner are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
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21
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Abstract
We have developed the Recombinantly-produced Antimicrobial Peptides Database (RAPD) to house relevant information on recombinant approaches to generate antimicrobial peptides. Key information stored in the database, which is extracted from published experiments, includes expression host, fusion strategy, release method and yield for individual peptides. Bibliographic data directly related to each particular case are also available. RAPD allows easy comparison of the relative popularity and efficiency of different strategies, and can thus be used as a guideline for future production of similar peptides. The database is freely available at http://faculty.ist.unomaha.edu/chen/rapd/index.php.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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22
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Rihakova J, Belguesmia Y, Petit V, Pilet M, Prévost H, Dousset X, Drider D. Divercin V41 from gene characterization to food applications: 1998-2008, a decade of solved and unsolved questions. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 48:1-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Cho JH, Sung BH, Kim SC. Buforins: histone H2A-derived antimicrobial peptides from toad stomach. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1788:1564-9. [PMID: 19041293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute an important component of the innate immune system in a variety of organisms. Buforin I is a 39-amino acid AMP that was first isolated from the stomach tissue of the Asian toad Bufo bufo gargarizans. Buforin II is a 21-amino acid peptide that is derived from buforin I and displays an even more potent antimicrobial activity than its parent AMP. Both peptides share complete sequence identity with the N-terminal region of histone H2A that interacts directly with nucleic acids. Buforin I is generated from histone H2A by pepsin-directed proteolysis in the cytoplasm of gastric gland cells. After secretion into the gastric lumen, buforin I remains adhered to the mucous biofilm that lines the stomach, thus providing a protective antimicrobial coat. Buforins, which house a helix-hinge-helix domain, kill a microorganism by entering the cell without membrane permeabilization and thus binding to nucleic acids. The proline hinge is crucial for the cell penetrating activity of buforins. Buforins also are known to possess anti-endotoxin and anticancer activities, thus making these peptides attractive reagents for pharmaceutical applications. This review describes the role of buforins in innate host defense; future research paradigms; and use of these agents as human therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun Cho
- Department of Biology, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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24
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Schmitt P, Mercado L, Díaz M, Guzmán F, Arenas G, Marshall SH. Characterization and functional recovery of a novel antimicrobial peptide (CECdir-CECret) from inclusion bodies after expression in Escherichia coli. Peptides 2008; 29:512-9. [PMID: 18325631 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CECdir-CECret is a novel non-toxic doublet 8.5 kDa peptide representing the natural coding sequence of the antimicrobial peptide Cecropin A from Drosophila melanogaster fused in-frame to its own inverted version. Expression of this cloned doublet peptide in Escherichia coli, yielded peptides that were mostly packaged into inclusion bodies. The new molecule was purified, solubilized and refolded, through a standard guanidine-based procedure. The recovered refolded peptides were then characterized by HPLC chromatography, MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and peptide sequencing, and finally evaluated for their antimicrobial potential. The novel doublet peptide CECdir-CECret, displays an enhanced in vitro antimicrobial activity and action spectrum in comparison to the monomer Cecropin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Schmitt
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2950, Valparaíso, Chile
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25
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Beaulieu L, Tolkatchev D, Jetté JF, Groleau D, Subirade M. Production of active pediocin PA-1 in Escherichia coli using a thioredoxin gene fusion expression approach: cloning, expression, purification, and characterization. Can J Microbiol 2008; 53:1246-58. [PMID: 18026219 DOI: 10.1139/w07-089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides possess cationic and amphipathic properties that allow for interactions with the membrane of living cells. Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria, in particular, are currently being studied for their potential use as food preservatives and for applications in health care. However, bacteriocin exploitation is often limited owing to low production yields. Gene cloning and heterologous protein or peptide production is one way to possibly achieve overexpression of bacteriocins to support biochemical studies. In this work, production of recombinant active pediocin PA-1 (PedA) was accomplished in Escherichia coli using a thioredoxin (trx) gene fusion (trx-pedA) expression approach. Trx-PedA itself did not show any biological activity, but upon cleavage by an enterokinase, biologically active pediocin PA-1 was obtained. Recombinant pediocin PA-1 characteristics (molecular mass, biological activity, physicochemical properties) were very similar to those of native pediocin PA-1. In addition, a 4- to 5-fold increase in production yield was obtained, by comparison with the PA-1 produced naturally by Pediococcus acidilactici PAC 1.0. The new production method, although not optimized, offers great potential for supporting further investigations on pediocin PA-1 and as a first-generation process for the production of pediocin PA-1 for high-value applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Beaulieu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC 4P 2R2, Canada
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26
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Martín M, Gutiérrez J, Criado R, Herranz C, Cintas LM, Hernández PE. Chimeras of mature pediocin PA-1 fused to the signal peptide of enterocin P permits the cloning, production, and expression of pediocin PA-1 in Lactococcus lactis. J Food Prot 2007; 70:2792-8. [PMID: 18095432 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.12.2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chimeras of pediocin PA-1 (PedA-1), a bacteriocin produced by Pediococcus acidilactici PLBH9, fused to the signal peptide of enterocin P (EntP), a sec-dependent bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecium P13, permitted the production of PedA-1 in Lactococcus lactis. Chimeric genes encoding the EntP signal peptide (SP(entP)) fused to mature PedA-1 (pedA), with or without its immunity gene (pedB), were cloned into the expression vector pMG36c to generate the recombinant plasmids pMPP9 (SP(entP):pedA) and pMPP14i (SP(entP):pedA + pedB). Transformation of competent L. lactis subsp. lactis IL1403, L. lactis subsp. cremoris NZ9000, and L. lactis subsp. lactis DPC5598 with the recombinant plasmids has permitted the detection and quantitation of PedA-1 and the coproduction of nisin A and PedA-1 in supernatants of producer cells with specific anti-PedA-1 antibodies and a noncompetitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Recombinant L. lactis hosts carrying pMPP9 or pMPP14i displayed antimicrobial activity, suggesting that mature PedA-1 fused to SP(EntP) is the minimum requirement for the synthesis, processing, and secretion of biologically active PedA-1 in L. lactis. However, the production and antimicrobial activity of the PedA-1 produced by L. lactis was lower than that produced by the P. acidilactici control strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martín
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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27
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Yildirim S, Konrad D, Calvez S, Drider D, Prévost H, Lacroix C. Production of recombinant bacteriocin divercin V41 by high cell density Escherichia coli batch and fed-batch cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 77:525-31. [PMID: 17882416 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Revised: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To increase the yield of heterologous production of the class II bacteriocin DvnRV41 with Escherichia coli Origami (DE3) (pLysS/pCR03), induction of bacteriocin gene expression was optimized by varying the inducer isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentration (0-2 mM), and controlled batch and fed-batch cultures were tested on a 2-L scale. A concentration of 0.5 mM IPTG was found to be optimal for cell growth and bacteriocin production. Shake flask cultivation of E. coli Origami (DE3) (pLysS/pCR03) gave biomass and bacteriocin yields of 1.54 +/- 0.06 g cdw/l and 18 +/- 1 mg DvnRV41/l, respectively. Biomass (2.70 +/- 0.06 and 6.8 +/- 0.6 g cdw/l, respectively) and bacteriocin yields (30 and 74 mg DvnRV41 per liter, respectively) were both increased with batch and fed-batch compared to shake flask cultures. Bacteriocin yields reported in this study are among the highest published for other heterologous expression systems in shake flasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcuk Yildirim
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, ETH (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) Zurich, LFV C20 Schmelzbergstrasse 7, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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28
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Martín M, Gutiérrez J, Criado R, Herranz C, Cintas LM, Hernández PE. Cloning, production and expression of the bacteriocin enterocin A produced by Enterococcus faecium PLBC21 in Lactococcus lactis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 76:667-75. [PMID: 17594089 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the leader sequence of enterocin A (EntA), a bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecium PLBC21, by the signal peptide of enterocin P (EntP), a sec-dependent bacteriocin produced by E. faecium P13, permitted production of EntA in Lactococcus lactis. Chimeras encoding the EntP signal peptide (SP( entP )) fused to mature EntA (entA), with or without its immunity gene (entiA), were cloned into the expression vector pMG36c to generate the recombinant plasmids, pMPA15 (SP( entP ):entA) and pMPA10i (SP( entP ):entA + entiA). Transformation of competent L. lactis subsp. lactis IL1403 and L. lactis subsp. cremoris NZ9000 with the recombinant plasmids permitted production of EntA by the transformed cells, and the co-production of nisin A and EntA by the L. lactis subsp. lactis DPC5598 transformants. Mature EntA fused to SP(EntP) is the minimum requirement for synthesis, processing and secretion of biologically active EntA in L. lactis. The production of EntA by most recombinant L. lactis hosts was larger than in the E. faecium control strains. All L. lactis derivatives showed antimicrobial activity against Listeria spp., and L. lactis (pMPA15) displayed the highest antilisterial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martín
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Tian ZG, Teng D, Yang YL, Luo J, Feng XJ, Fan Y, Zhang F, Wang JH. Multimerization and fusion expression of bovine lactoferricin derivative LfcinB15-W4,10 in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 75:117-24. [PMID: 17225098 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0806-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 12/08/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are promising candidates for therapeutic and industrial application owing to their broad spectrum. In this work, a cost-effective method for expression of a potent antimicrobial peptide, bovine lactoferricin derivative LfcinB15-W4,10, has been developed. The oligonucleotide encoding the peptide was linked to generate different oligomeric oligonucleotide segments containing from one to nine but eight tandem copies which was inserted individually to the E. coli expression vector pET32a. The thioredoxin fusion peptides were successfully expressed and detected with different molecular weight on SDS gel, respectively. Among the monomer and other multimeric peptides, the tetramer was expressed at the highest level. After purification, more than 10 mg of tetramer with 99% purity was obtained from 1 l culture and exhibited similar antimicrobial activity as synthetic LfcinB15-W4,10 monomer. The expression system in this study provides a potential production method for lactoferricin derivatives and other antimicrobial peptides in research and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Gang Tian
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
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30
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Drider D, Fimland G, Héchard Y, McMullen LM, Prévost H. The continuing story of class IIa bacteriocins. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2006; 70:564-82. [PMID: 16760314 PMCID: PMC1489543 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00016-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria produce antimicrobial peptides, which are also referred to as peptide bacteriocins. The class IIa bacteriocins, often designated pediocin-like bacteriocins, constitute the most dominant group of antimicrobial peptides produced by lactic acid bacteria. The bacteriocins that belong to this class are structurally related and kill target cells by membrane permeabilization. Despite their structural similarity, class IIa bacteriocins display different target cell specificities. In the search for new antibiotic substances, the class IIa bacteriocins have been identified as promising new candidates and have thus received much attention. They kill some pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Listeria) with high efficiency, and they constitute a good model system for structure-function analyses of antimicrobial peptides in general. This review focuses on class IIa bacteriocins, especially on their structure, function, mode of action, biosynthesis, bacteriocin immunity, and current food applications. The genetics and biosynthesis of class IIa bacteriocins are well understood. The bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized with an N-terminal leader sequence, which is cleaved off upon secretion. After externalization, the class IIa bacteriocins attach to potential target cells and, through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, subsequently permeabilize the cell membrane of sensitive cells. Recent observations suggest that a chiral interaction and possibly the presence of a mannose permease protein on the target cell surface are required for a bacteria to be sensitive to class IIa bacteriocins. There is also substantial evidence that the C-terminal half penetrates into the target cell membrane, and it plays an important role in determining the target cell specificity of these bacteriocins. Immunity proteins protect the bacteriocin producer from the bacteriocin it secretes. The three-dimensional structures of two class IIa immunity proteins have been determined, and it has been shown that the C-terminal halves of these cytosolic four-helix bundle proteins specify which class IIa bacteriocin they protect against.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djamel Drider
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Alimentaire et Industrielle, ENITIAA, Rue de la Géraudière, BP82225, 44322 Nantes Cedex, France.
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Kim HK, Chun DS, Kim JS, Yun CH, Lee JH, Hong SK, Kang DK. Expression of the cationic antimicrobial peptide lactoferricin fused with the anionic peptide in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 72:330-8. [PMID: 16421719 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2005] [Revised: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 10/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Direct expression of lactoferricin, an antimicrobial peptide, is lethal to Escherichia coli. For the efficient production of lactoferricin in E. coli, we developed an expression system in which the gene for the lysine- and arginine-rich cationic lactoferricin was fused to an anionic peptide gene to neutralize the basic property of lactoferricin, and successfully overexpressed the concatemeric fusion gene in E. coli. The lactoferricin gene was linked to a modified magainin intervening sequence gene by a recombinational polymerase chain reaction, thus producing an acidic peptide-lactoferricin fusion gene. The monomeric acidic peptide-lactoferricin fusion gene was multimerized and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) upon induction with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. The expression levels of the fusion peptide reached the maximum at the tetramer, while further increases in the copy number of the fusion gene substantially reduced the peptide expression level. The fusion peptides were isolated and cleaved to generate the separate lactoferricin and acidic peptide. About 60 mg of pure recombinant lactoferricin was obtained from 1 L of E. coli culture. The purified recombinant lactoferricin was found to have a molecular weight similar to that of chemically synthesized lactoferricin. The recombinant lactoferricin showed antimicrobial activity and disrupted bacterial membrane permeability, as the native lactoferricin peptide does.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Kun Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, PaiChai University, 439-6, Doma-dong, Seo-ku, Daejon, 302-735, South Korea
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