1
|
Gao S, Zhang S, Sun J, He X, Xue S, Zhang W, Li P, Lin L, Qu Y, Ward-Fear G, Chen L, Li H. Nanoplastic pollution changes the intestinal microbiome but not the morphology or behavior of a freshwater turtle. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173178. [PMID: 38750733 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Humans produce 350 million metric tons of plastic waste per year, leading to microplastic pollution and widespread environmental contamination, particularly in aquatic environments. This subsequently impacts aquatic organisms in myriad ways, yet the vast majority of research is conducted in marine, rather than freshwater systems. In this study, we exposed eggs and hatchlings of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) to 80-nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) and monitored the impacts on development, behavior and the gut microbiome. We demonstrate that 80-nm PS-NPs can penetrate the eggshell and move into developing embryos. This led to metabolic impairments, as evidenced by bradycardia (a decreased heart rate), which persisted until hatching. We found no evidence that nanoplastic exposure affected hatchling morphology, growth rates, or levels of boldness and exploration, yet we discuss some potential caveats here. Exposure to nanoplastics reduced the diversity and homogeneity of gut microbiota in P. sinensis, with the level of disruption correlating to the length of environmental exposure (during incubation only or post-hatching also). Thirteen core genera (with an initial abundance >1 %) shifted after nanoplastic treatment: pathogenic bacteria increased, beneficial probiotic bacteria decreased, and there was an increase in the proportion of negative correlations between bacterial genera. These changes could have profound impacts on the viability of turtles throughout their lives. Our study highlights the toxicity of environmental NPs to the embryonic development and survival of freshwater turtles. We provide insights about population trends of P. sinensis in the wild, and future directions for research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gao
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinni He
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaoshuai Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Li
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Longhui Lin
- Herpetological Research Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yanfu Qu
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Georgia Ward-Fear
- School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Lian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bharti M, Nagar S, Negi RK. Riverine pollution influences the intraspecific variation in the gut microbiome of an invasive fish, Cyprinus carpio (Linn., 1758). 3 Biotech 2023; 13:320. [PMID: 37649590 PMCID: PMC10462599 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are significantly impacting riverine systems worldwide, prompting us to investigate the effects of water pollution on the gut microbiome of Cyprinus carpio (common carp). Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we compared the gut microbiomes of common carp from two sites along river Yamuna with different pollution levels. Water pollution significantly altered the fish gut microbiome structure and microbial composition. Proteobacteria dominated in both sampling sites, while Bacteroidota prevailed in polluted water samples, indicating sewage and fecal contamination. Less polluted samples exhibited Verrucomicrobiae and Planctomycetes, negatively correlated with pollution levels. The polluted site had higher prevalence of potentially pathogenic and heavy metal-resistant bacteria, as well as microbial communities associated with wastewater treatment systems. Functional prediction highlighted the significant role of the gut microbiome in digestion and metabolism, with active enzymes for breaking down various organic substances. Biosynthetic pathways for leucine, valine, and isoleucine were present in both sites, known to be involved fish immunity. The host maintained a stable and diverse bacterial consortium, while microbial diversity became more specialized due to human activities, adapting to anthropogenic stress and selection pressures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03747-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghali Bharti
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Shekhar Nagar
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, 110007 India
- Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019 India
| | - Ram Krishan Negi
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, 110007 India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li T, Lu M, Xu B, Chen H, Li J, Zhu Z, Yu M, Zheng J, Peng P, Wu S. Multiple perspectives reveal the gut toxicity of polystyrene microplastics on Eisenia fetida: Insights into community signatures of gut bacteria and their translocation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156352. [PMID: 35654182 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The gut is the primary pathway by which soil animals are exposed to microplastics (MPs). However, the gut toxicity of MPs has not been elucidated in earthworms. Herein, we aimed to study the gut toxicity (e.g., gut barrier dysfunction, gut bacterial translocation, and pathogen invasion) of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on Eisenia fetida and its relationship with gut bacteria. We found that PS-MPs exposure caused gut barrier damage to Eisenia fetida. This damage included apparent injury of gut epithelial cells and significantly lower transcription levels of genes coding for gut tight junction (TJ)-related proteins. We then observed significantly increased levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and gut bacterial load, indicating the occurrence of gut bacterial translocation and related barrier damage. Subsequently, antibacterial immune responses were activated and accompanied by a failure of the antioxidant defense system, indicating that pathogen invasion might occur. Gut barrier damage could weaken host selective pressures (deterministic process) on gut bacteria, such as particular pathogens. Indeed, members of Proteobacteria, e.g., Aeromonas and Escherichia/Shigella, regarded as potential opportunistic pathogens, were remarkable signatures of groups exposed to PS-MPs. These potential opportunistic gut bacteria were pivotal contributors to gut TJ damage and gut bacterial translocation resulting from PS-MPs exposure. In addition, the gut bacterial networks of PS-MPs exposure groups were more uncomplicated than those of the control group, but more negative interactions were easy to observe. In conclusion, our work sheds light on the molecular mechanism of earthworm gut toxicity caused by PS-MPs exposure and provides a prospective risk assessment of MPs in soil ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Li
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mengtian Lu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Baohua Xu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mengwei Yu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiaoyang Zheng
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Peilong Peng
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shijin Wu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu L, Xiang P, Zhang B, Yang K, Liu F, Wang Z, Jin Y, Deng L, Gan W, Song Z. Host Species Influence the Gut Microbiota of Endemic Cold-Water Fish in Upper Yangtze River. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:906299. [PMID: 35923412 PMCID: PMC9339683 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.906299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The fish gut microbiome plays an important role in nutrition absorption and energy metabolism. Studying the gut microbes of cold-water fish is important to understand the dietary adaptation strategies in extreme environments. In this study, the gut samples of Schizothorax wangchiachii (SW, herbivorous), Schizothorax kozlovi (SK, omnivorous), and Percocypris pingi (PP, carnivorous) in the upper Yangtze River were collected, and we sequenced 16S rRNA amplicon to study the potential relationship between gut microbes and host species. The results showed that gut microbial composition and diversity were significantly different between the three cold-water fishes. These fishes had different key taxa in their gut microbes, including bacteria involved in the breakdown of food (e.g., Cetobacterium, Aeromonas, and Clostridium sensu stricto 10). The highest alpha diversity indices (e.g., Chao 1 index) were identified in the herbivore (SW), followed by the carnivore (PP), and the lowest in the omnivore (SK). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) results revealed that the gut microbial community of these species was different between host species. The neutral community model (NCM) showed that the microbial community structure of SW was shaped by stochastic processes, and the highest species dispersal was found in SW, followed by PP, and the lowest in SK. The results of niche breadth agreed with these findings. Our results demonstrated that host species influenced the gut microbiome composition, diversity, and microbial community assembly processes of the three cold-water fishes. These findings implied that the variation of gut microbiome composition and function plays a key role in digesting and absorbing nutrients from different foods in cold-water fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province of Fish Resources and Environment in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province of Fish Resources and Environment in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province of Fish Resources and Environment in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Fenglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province of Fish Resources and Environment in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zesong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province of Fish Resources and Environment in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province of Fish Resources and Environment in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longjun Deng
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Weixiong Gan
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaobin Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province of Fish Resources and Environment in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaobin Song,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu H, Li X, Lei H, Li D, Chen H, Schlenk D, Yan B, Yongju L, Xie L. Dietary Seleno-l-methionine Alters the Microbial Communities and Causes Damage in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Japanese Medaka Oryzias latipes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16515-16525. [PMID: 34874707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excess dietary seleno-l-methionine (Se-Met) induces various adverse effects in fish inhabiting the Se-contaminated environments. However, there is an extreme paucity of data on the effects of excess dietary Se-Met on the microbiota in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in fish. In this study, Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes (three months old) were fed the Se-Met enriched diets at environmentally relevant concentrations: 2.90 (Control: (C), 6.69 (L), 11.89 (M), and 27.05 (H) μg Se/g dw) for 60 d. Histopathological, high throughput sequencing, and biochemical approaches were used to investigate the alterations in histology and microbial communities of the GI tract, enzymatic activity, and transcripts of closely related genes. The results showed that the fish weight was reduced at ∼13% from the L and H treatments. Decreased height and thickness of villus in the GI tract were observed in the H treatment. Meanwhile, the level of D-lactate and activity of diamine oxidase (DAO), protease, and lipase were inhibited in the H treatment. The transcripts of the genes related to the inflammation (i.e., IL-1β and IL-8) were elevated, while those of the genes related to the intestinal barrier (i.e., cdh1, ZO-1, ocln, and cldn7) were inhibited in the H treatment. In addition, alpha diversity at the genus level was higher in the L treatment than the control, and the composition of the microbial community was altered by dietary Se-Met. Furthermore, 5 genera (Rhodobacter, Cloacibacterium, Bdellovibrio, Shinella, and Aeromonas) exhibited the largest variation in abundance among treatments. This study has demonstrated that excess dietary Se-Met inhibits growth, causes hispathological damage to the GI tract, and alters the composition of the microbial community in Oryzias latipes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongsong Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haojun Lei
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dan Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongxing Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Bo Yan
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luo Yongju
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lima PC, Hartley-Tassell L, Wynne JW. The ability of Neoparamoeba perurans to bind to and digest non-fish-derived mucin: Insights into the amoeba's mechanism of action to overcome gill mucus production. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1355-1367. [PMID: 33990985 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is caused by the marine amoeba Neoparamoeba perurans, a facultative parasite. Despite the significant impact this disease has on production of Atlantic salmon worldwide, the mechanisms involved in host-parasite interaction remains unknown. Excessive gill mucus secretion is reported as a host defence mechanism to prevent microbial colonization in the gill epithelium. Despite this response, N. perurans still attaches and proliferates. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction between N. perurans and mucin, the most abundant component in mucus. An in vitro adhesion assay using bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) demonstrated that amoeba binding to mucin-coated substrate was significantly higher than to the BSA control. This binding interaction is likely glycan-mediated as pre-incubation with galactose, galactosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine and fucose reduced mucin adhesion to control levels. The ability of N. perurans to secrete proteases that target mucin was also investigated. Protease activity was detected in the amoeba culture media in the presence of BSM, but not when protease inhibitor was added. Mucin degradation was visually assessed on protein gels. This study provides preliminary evidence that N. perurans has developed mechanisms to interact with and evade mucus by binding to mucin glycan receptors and secreting proteases with mucolytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula C Lima
- CSIRO Livestock & Aquaculture Program, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - James W Wynne
- CSIRO Livestock & Aquaculture Program, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Takeuchi H, Hiratsuka M, Hori K, Oinuma H, Umino Y, Nakano D, Iwadare M, Tomono R, Imai T, Mashiko H, Namba A, Takase T, Shimizu S, Nakai T, Mano N. Environmental factors affecting Edwardsiella ictaluri-induced mortality of riverine ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1065-1074. [PMID: 33755230 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We analysed the predisposing factors for Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in the riverine ayu Plecoglossus altivelis on the basis of environmental and epidemiological data obtained in a tributary to and the lower reaches of the Tama River, Japan, in July and August 2011-2015. Mortality of ayu due to E. ictaluri infection was observed only in the tributary in August 2012 and 2013; both periods were unusually hot. During these mortality events, daily average water temperatures rose approximately 3-4°C over 4-8 days, reaching the optimum temperature for E. ictaluri infection (>25°C) and approaching the upper tolerable limit for ayu (30°C). Diurnal water temperature ranges (DWTRs) in the tributary during the mortality events exceeded 6°C, which was 1-2°C greater than in the lower reaches. Experimental infection of ayu with E. ictaluri resulted in higher mortality when exposed to 6°C DWTR than to 4°C DWTR. Furthermore, water levels in the tributary were generally low in August 2012 and 2013 because of low rainfall. From these results, we conclude that unusually high-water temperatures combined with high DWTRs and low water levels drove riverine ayu mortality from E. ictaluri infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Takeuchi
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
- South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, Ainan-cho, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Hiratsuka
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Kazutomo Hori
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oinuma
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Umino
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Nakano
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Mayu Iwadare
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Ryuji Tomono
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Imai
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Hirohito Mashiko
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Aki Namba
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Takase
- Tokyo Metropolitan Islands Area Research and Development Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Minato, Japan
| | - Sonoko Shimizu
- South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, Ainan-cho, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakai
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Mano
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang N, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Liu J, Cheng Y, Zhang L, Li Y. Effect on intestinal microbiota, bioaccumulation, and oxidative stress of Carassius auratus gibelio under waterborne cadmium exposure. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:2299-2309. [PMID: 32986141 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous pollutant known to exert various toxic effects and other sublethal effects on aquatic organisms, and induce a variety of adverse effects on human health, and can be commonly found in environment. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of waterborne Cd exposure on the intestinal microbiota, and Cd accumulation and oxidative response in Carassius auratus gibelio (C. gibelio). The fish were exposed to waterborne Cd at 0, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L for 30 days. Waterborne Cd exposure resulted marked alterations in the composition of microbiota. At the genus level, Bacteroides, Aeromonas, Akkermansia, Acinetobacter, Chryseobacterium, Shinella, Cetobacterium and Bacillus were significantly changed in Cd groups. The results obtained indicate that Cd exposure significantly increased the bioaccumulation level of Cd and profoundly affected antioxidant enzyme including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant (T-AOC), malonaldehyde (MDA), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The present findings may provide a new framework for the role of gut microbiota in the response to environmental chemical contamination and in the pathogenesis of body disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Ministry of education laboratory of animal production and quality security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhengyao Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Ministry of education laboratory of animal production and quality security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Ministry of education laboratory of animal production and quality security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Health Monitoring and Inspection Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Ministry of education laboratory of animal production and quality security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Ministry of education laboratory of animal production and quality security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Ministry of education laboratory of animal production and quality security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- Ministry of education laboratory of animal production and quality security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The gut microbiota: a new perspective on the toxicity of malachite green (MG). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9723-9737. [PMID: 31728586 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiome critically contributes to host health status. Thus, investigating the relationship between the gut microbiome and toxic chemicals is a hot topic in toxicology research. Exposure to malachite green (MG) has been linked to various health disorders. Thus, exploring the gut microbiota changes in response to MG would provide a new perspective on the toxicity effects of this chemical substance. MG exposure resulted in the significantly lower alpha diversity (Mann-Whitney U test, z = - 6.83, p = 0.00) but higher beta diversity (Mann-Whitney U test, z = - 1.98, p = 0.04) of gut microbiota, and significantly decreased ecosystem stability (alpha and beta variability; Mann-Whitney U test, all p < 0.05) of gut microbial communities. Gut bacterial networks showed that the interactions became more complex and stronger after MG exposure, which could decrease the stability of the network. Changes in gut microbiota composition were mainly reflected in the enrichment of opportunistic bacteria (i.e., Aeromonas and Vibrio) and the depression of fermentative bacteria (i.e., Bacteroides and Paludibacter). MG exposure leads to a significantly increased gut permeability (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; Mann-Whitney U test, z = - 6.92, p = 0.00), which could reduce the host selective pressures on particular bacterial species (such as members in Aeromonas and Vibrio). This result was further supported by the weakened importance of a deterministic microbial assembly after MG exposure. All these findings indicated that MG exposed fishes might have more possibilities to be infected, as demonstrated by the enrichment of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, high-level immune responses, and increased gut permeability. These findings greatly improve our understanding of the toxicity effects of MG.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li T, Qi M, Gatesoupe FJ, Tian D, Jin W, Li J, Lin Q, Wu S, Li H. Adaptation to Fasting in Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus): Gut Microbiota and Its Correlative Relationship with Immune Function. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 78:6-19. [PMID: 30343437 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fasting influences the overall physiology of fish, and the knowledge how the gut microbiota, growth performances, and immune function in response to intermittent and long-term fasting is still insufficient. Here, we characterized the effects of fasting on the host-gut microbiota in crucian carp, which would enhance our insight into physiological adaptation to fasting. To achieve this, we investigated the gut microbial communities of crucian carp with different fasting stress, and corresponding immune and growth parameters. The gut microbial communities were structured into four clusters according to different fasting stress, namely one control group (feed regularly), two intermittent fasting groups (fasting period and re-feeding period, respectively), and one long-term fasting group. Intermittent fasting significantly improved the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lysozyme (LZM) (ANOVA, p < 0.05) and significantly increased alpha diversity and ecosystem stability of gut microbiota (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Gut length (GL) and condition factor (CF) showed no significant difference between the control group (CG) and intermittent fasting group under re-feeding period (RIF) (ANOVA, p = 0.11), but relative gut length (RGL) in group RIF was higher than that in the CG (ANOVA, p = 0.00). The bacterial genera Bacteroides, Akkermansia, and Erysipelotrichaceae were enriched in fishes under intermittent fasting. Two Bacteroides OTUs (OTU50 and OTU1292) correlated positively with immune (SOD, complement, and LZM) and growth (GL and RGL) parameters. These results highlight the possible interplay between growth performances, immune function, and gut microbiota in response to fasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Li
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Mengting Qi
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | | | - Dongcan Tian
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Weihua Jin
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shijin Wu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Huan Li
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li T, Li H, Gatesoupe FJ, She R, Lin Q, Yan X, Li J, Li X. Bacterial Signatures of "Red-Operculum" Disease in the Gut of Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 74:510-521. [PMID: 28364130 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-0967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fish gut microbiota play important roles in fish immunity, nutrition, and the adaptation to environmental changes. To date, few studies have focused on the interactions among environmental factors, fish diseases, and gut microbiota compositions. We compared the gut bacterial communities of healthy crucian carps (Carassius auratus) with those of individuals affected by "red-operculum" disease and corresponding water and sediment microbiota in four fish farm ponds. Distinct gut bacterial communities were observed in healthy and diseased fish. The bacterial communities of diseased fish were less diverse and stable than those of healthy individuals. The differences in bacterial community compositions between diseased and healthy fish were explained by the changes in the relative abundances of some specific bacterial OTUs, which belonged to the genera such as Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Shewanella, and they were prevalent in diseased fish, but rare or even absent in environmental samples. Water temperature and ammonia concentration were the two most important environmental factors that impacted gut microbiota in diseased fish. These results highlighted the surge of some potential pathogens as bacterial signatures that were associated with "red-operculum" disease in crucian carps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | | | - Rong She
- Inspection Center, Tongwei Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiabao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiangzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cui J, Xiao M, Liu M, Wang Z, Liu F, Guo L, Meng H, Zhang H, Yang J, Deng D, Huang S, Ma Y, Liu C. Coupling metagenomics with cultivation to select host-specific probiotic micro-organisms for subtropical aquaculture. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:1274-1285. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Cui
- Biological Engineering Center; Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou China
| | - M. Xiao
- Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen China
| | - M. Liu
- Biological Engineering Center; Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou China
| | - Z. Wang
- Biological Engineering Center; Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou China
| | - F. Liu
- Biological Engineering Center; Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou China
| | - L. Guo
- Biological Engineering Center; Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou China
| | - H. Meng
- Biological Engineering Center; Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou China
| | - H. Zhang
- Biological Engineering Center; Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou China
| | - J. Yang
- Alpha Feed Co. Ltd.; Shenzhen China
| | - D. Deng
- Alpha Feed Co. Ltd.; Shenzhen China
| | - S. Huang
- Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen China
| | - Y. Ma
- Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen China
| | - C. Liu
- Biological Engineering Center; Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou China
- Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alterations of the gut microbiome of largemouth bronze gudgeon (Coreius guichenoti) suffering from furunculosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30606. [PMID: 27465687 PMCID: PMC4964610 DOI: 10.1038/srep30606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing was applied to compare the intestinal microbiota in largemouth bronze gudgeon either healthy or affected by furunculosis. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were detected as the predominant bacterial phyla in the gut of both diseased and healthy fish. The abundance of Proteobacteria differed significantly between the two groups of fish, mainly due to the overwhelming prevalence of Aeromonas in the diseased fish (81% ± 17%), while the genus was unevenly spread among the apparently healthy fish (33% ± 33%). The bacterial diversity in the intestine of diseased fish was markedly lower than in healthy fish. Analysis revealed the significant dissimilarity between the gut microbiota of diseased and healthy fish. The bacterial profiles in the gut were further characterized with the 28 phylotypes that were shared by the two groups. In diseased fish, two shared OTUs (OTU0001 and OTU0013) were closely related to Aeromonas salmonicida, their total proportion exceeding 70% of the sequences in diseased fish, while averaging 5.2% ± 4.6% in the healthy fish. This result suggested the presence of healthy carriers of pathogenic A. salmonicida among the farmed fish, and the gut appeared as a probable infection source for furunculosis in largemouth bronze gudgeon.
Collapse
|
14
|
Palíková M, Navrátil S, Navrátil L, Mareš J. Preventive and Prophylactic Measures in Intensive Salmonid Fish Breeding - a Review. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201563041409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
15
|
Nitrogenase diversity and activity in the gastrointestinal tract of the wood-eating catfish Panaque nigrolineatus. ISME JOURNAL 2015; 9:2712-24. [PMID: 25909976 PMCID: PMC4817639 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Amazonian catfish, Panaque nigrolineatus, consume large amounts of wood in their diets. The nitrogen-fixing community within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of these catfish was found to include nifH phylotypes that are closely related to Clostridium sp., Alpha and Gammaproteobacteria, and sequences associated with GI tracts of lower termites. Fish fed a diet of sterilized palm wood were found to contain nifH messenger RNA within their GI tracts, displaying high sequence similarity to the nitrogen-fixing Bradyrhizobium group. Nitrogenase activity, measured by acetylene reduction assays, could be detected in freshly dissected GI tract material and also from anaerobic enrichment cultures propagated in nitrogen-free enrichment media; nifH sequences retrieved from these cultures were dominated by Klebsiella- and Clostridium-like sequences. Microscopic examination using catalyzed reporter deposition-enhanced immunofluorescence revealed high densities of nitrogenase-containing cells colonizing the woody digesta within the GI tract, as well as cells residing within the intestinal mucous layer. Our findings suggest that the P. nigrolineatus GI tract provides a suitable environment for nitrogen fixation that may facilitate production of reduced nitrogen by the resident microbial population under nitrogen limiting conditions. Whether this community is providing reduced nitrogen to the host in an active or passive manner and whether it is present in a permanent or transient relationship remains to be determined. The intake of a cellulose rich diet and the presence of a suitable environment for nitrogen fixation suggest that the GI tract microbial community may allow a unique trophic niche for P. nigrolineatus among fish.
Collapse
|
16
|
Li T, Long M, Gatesoupe FJ, Zhang Q, Li A, Gong X. Comparative analysis of the intestinal bacterial communities in different species of carp by pyrosequencing. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 69:25-36. [PMID: 25145494 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is increasingly regarded as an integral component of the host, due to important roles in the modulation of the immune system, the proliferation of the intestinal epithelium and the regulation of the dietary energy intake. Understanding the factors that influence the composition of these microbial communities is essential to health management, and the application to aquatic animals still requires basic investigation. In this study, we compared the bacterial communities harboured in the intestines and in the rearing water of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), crucian carp (Carassius cuvieri), and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), by using 454-pyrosequencing with barcoded primers targeting the V4 to V5 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The specimens of the three species were cohabiting in the same pond. Between 6,218 and 10,220 effective sequences were read from each sample, resulting in a total of 110,398 sequences for 13 samples from gut microbiota and pond water. In general, the microbial communities of the three carps were dominated by Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, but the abundance of each phylum was significantly different between species. At the genus level, the overwhelming group was Cetobacterium (97.29 ± 0.46 %) in crucian carp, while its abundance averaged c. 40 and 60 % of the sequences read in the other two species. There was higher microbial diversity in the gut of filter-feeding bighead carp than the gut of the two other species, with grazing feeding habits. The composition of intestine microbiota of grass carp and crucian carp shared higher similarity when compared with bighead carp. The principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) with the weighted UniFrac distance and the heatmap analysis suggested that gut microbiota was not a simple reflection of the microbial community in the local habitat but resulted from species-specific selective pressures, possibly dependent on behavioural, immune and metabolic characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chi C, Jiang B, Yu XB, Liu TQ, Xia L, Wang GX. Effects of three strains of intestinal autochthonous bacteria and their extracellular products on the immune response and disease resistance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 36:9-18. [PMID: 24161775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The study isolated three strains of intestinal autochthonous bacteria Aeromonas veronii BA-1, Vibrio lentus BA-2, and Flavobacterium sasangense BA-3 from the intestinal tract of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). To reveal the effects of these three strains of bacteria on the innate immunity of carp, the lysozyme, complement C3, total serum protein, albumin and globulin levels, respiratory burst activity, phagocytic activity by blood leucocytes and the expression of IL-1b, lysozyme-C, and TNF-α were examined after feeding with seven different diets for up to 28 days. Also the survival of carp against Aeromonas hydrophila was challenged for 14 days. The carp were fed seven different diets: one control, three diets supplemented with 1 × 10(8) cell g(-1) of carp intestinal bacteria BA-1 (Group D-I), BA-2 (Group D-II) and BA-3 (Group D-III), and three diets supplemented with extracellular products FA-1 (Group E-I), FA-2 (Group E-II) and FA-3 (Group E-III) which were corresponding to the strains BA-1, BA-2, and BA-3, respectively, up to 28 days. For groups D-I, D-III, E-I and E-III, the innate immune parameters of carp were significantly increased, the expression of three immune-related genes in blood was significantly up-regulated examined during 7, 14, and 21 days of feeding, and the survival rate was improved. The study indicates that the two isolated intestinal autochthonous bacteria A. veronii BA-1 and F. sasangense BA-3 could positively influence immune response and enhance disease resistance of carp against A. hydrophila infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chi
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yu
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tian-Qiang Liu
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kühlwein H, Emery MJ, Rawling MD, Harper GM, Merrifield DL, Davies SJ. Effects of a dietary β-(1,3)(1,6)-D-glucan supplementation on intestinal microbial communities and intestinal ultrastructure of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:1091-106. [PMID: 23889777 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae β-(1,3)(1,6)-D-glucan supplementation (MacroGard(®)) on mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) intestinal microbiota and ultrastructure of the enterocyte apical brush border. METHODS AND RESULTS Carp were fed either a control diet or diets supplemented with 0.1, 1 or 2% w/w MacroGard(®). Culture-dependent microbiology revealed that aerobic heterotrophic bacterial levels were unaffected by dietary MacroGard(®) after 2 and 4 weeks. No effects were observed on the allochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) populations at either time point; however, reduced autochthonous LAB populations were observed at week 4. PCR-DGGE confirmed these findings through a reduction in the abundance of autochthonous Lactococcus sp. and Vagococcus sp. in MacroGard(®)--fed fish compared with the control-fed fish. Overall, sequence analysis detected microbiota belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and unidentified uncultured bacteria. DGGE analyses also revealed that dietary MacroGard(®) reduced the number of observed taxonomical units (OTUs) and the species richness of the allochthonous microbiota after 2 weeks, but not after 4 weeks. In contrast, dietary MacroGard(®) reduced the number of OTUs, the species richness and diversity of the autochthonous microbiota after 2 weeks, and those parameters remained reduced after 4 weeks. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that intestinal microvilli length and density were significantly increased after 4 weeks in fish fed diets supplemented with 1% MacroGard(®). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that dietary MacroGard(®) supplementation modulates intestinal microbial communities of mirror carp and influences the morphology of the apical brush border. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effects of β-(1,3)(1,6)-D-glucans on fish gut microbial communities, using culture-independent methods, and the ultrastructure of the apical brush border of the enterocytes in fish. This prebiotic-type effect may help to explain the mechanisms in which β-glucans provide benefits when fed to fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Kühlwein
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health Research Group, School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Adamek M, Syakuri H, Harris S, Rakus KŁ, Brogden G, Matras M, Irnazarow I, Steinhagen D. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 infection disrupts the skin barrier of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Vet Microbiol 2012. [PMID: 23182910 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) is recognised as a pathogen which causes mass mortality in populations of carp, Cyprinus carpio. One of the characteristic symptoms of the disease associated with CyHV-3 infection is the occurrence of skin lesions, sloughing off the epithelium and a lack of mucus. Furthermore, fish then seem to be more susceptible to secondary infections by bacterial, parasitic or fungal pathogens which may cause further mortality within the population. The observed pathological alterations lead to the assumption that the carp skin barrier is strongly challenged during CyHV-3 associated disease. Therefore we examined mRNA expression of genes encoding inflammatory mediators, type I interferons, and the following skin defence molecules: antimicrobial peptides, claudins, and mucin. In addition, we monitored changes in the bacterial flora of the skin during disease conditions. Our results show that CyHV-3 associated disease in the skin of common carp leads to a reduction in mRNA expression of genes encoding several important components of the mucosal barrier, in particular mucin 5B, beta defensin 1 and 2, and the tight junction proteins claudin 23 and 30. This caused changes in the bacterial flora and the development of secondary bacterial infection among some individual fish. To our knowledge this is the first report showing that under disease conditions associated with virus infection, the mucosal barrier of fish skin is disrupted resulting in a higher susceptibility to secondary infections. The reported clinical signs of CyHV-3 skin infection can now be explained by our results at the molecular level, although the mechanism of a probable virus induced immunomodulation has to be investigated further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Centre of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hanover, Germany.
| | - Hamdan Syakuri
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Centre of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hanover, Germany; Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia
| | - Sarah Harris
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Centre of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hanover, Germany; School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffs, ST5 5BG, UK; Tetra GmbH, Herrenteich 78, 49324 Melle, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Ł Rakus
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology & Aquaculture in Gołysz, Kalinowa 2, 43-520 Chybie, Poland
| | - Graham Brogden
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Centre of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hanover, Germany
| | - Marek Matras
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Ilgiz Irnazarow
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology & Aquaculture in Gołysz, Kalinowa 2, 43-520 Chybie, Poland
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Centre of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hanover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lan CC, Love DR. Molecular Characterisation of Bacterial Community Structure along the Intestinal Tract of Zebrafish (Danio rerio): A Pilot Study. ISRN MICROBIOLOGY 2012; 2012:590385. [PMID: 23724326 PMCID: PMC3658630 DOI: 10.5402/2012/590385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial composition along the intestinal tract of Danio rerio was investigated by cultivation-independent analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Clone libraries were constructed for three compartments of the intestinal tract of individual fish. 566 individual clones were differentiated by amplified 16S rRNA gene restriction analysis (ARDRA), and clone representatives from each operational taxonomic unit (OTU) were sequenced. As reported in other studies, we found that Proteobacteria was the most prominent phylum among clone libraries from different fish. Data generated from this pilot study indicated some compositional differences in bacterial communities. Two dominant classes, Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli, displayed different levels of abundance in different compartments; Gammaproteobacteria increased along the intestinal tract, while Bacilli decreased its abundance along the proximal-distal axis. Less obvious spatial patterns were observed for other classes. In general, bacterial diversity in the intestinal bulb was greater than that in the posterior intestine. Interindividual differences in bacterial diversity and composition were also noted in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ching Lan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lactobacillus Strain with High Adhesion Stimulates Intestinal Mucin Expression in Broiler. J Poult Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0110146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
22
|
van Kessel MAHJ, Dutilh BE, Neveling K, Kwint MP, Veltman JA, Flik G, Jetten MSM, Klaren PHM, Op den Camp HJM. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons to study the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). AMB Express 2011; 1:41. [PMID: 22093413 PMCID: PMC3226434 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-1-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbes in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are of high importance for the health of the host. In this study, Roche 454 pyrosequencing was applied to a pooled set of different 16S rRNA gene amplicons obtained from GI content of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to make an inventory of the diversity of the microbiota in the GI tract. Compared to other studies, our culture-independent investigation reveals an impressive diversity of the microbial flora of the carp GI tract. The major group of obtained sequences belonged to the phylum Fusobacteria. Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes and Gammaproteobacteria were other well represented groups of micro-organisms. Verrucomicrobiae, Clostridia and Bacilli (the latter two belonging to the phylum Firmicutes) had fewer representatives among the analyzed sequences. Many of these bacteria might be of high physiological relevance for carp as these groups have been implicated in vitamin production, nitrogen cycling and (cellulose) fermentation.
Collapse
|
23
|
Dikow RB. Systematic relationships within the Vibrionaceae (Bacteria: Gammaproteobacteria): steps toward a phylogenetic taxonomy. Cladistics 2011; 27:9-28. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
24
|
|
25
|
Tobback E, Decostere A, Hermans K, Van den Broeck W, Haesebrouck F, Chiers K. In vitro markers for virulence in Yersinia ruckeri. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2010; 33:197-209. [PMID: 19878528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, different traits that have been associated with bacterial virulence were studied in Yersinia ruckeri. Two isolates that had been shown to cause disease and mortality in experimentally infected rainbow trout were compared with five avirulent isolates. Both virulent isolates showed high adhesion to gill and intestinal mucus of rainbow trout, whereas the majority of non-virulent strains demonstrated significantly lower adhesion. A decrease in adherence capability following bacterial treatment with sodium metaperiodate and proteolytic enzymes suggested the involvement of carbohydrates and proteins. All strains were able to adhere to and invade chinook salmon embryo cell line (CHSE-214), fathead minnow epithelial cell line (FHM) and rainbow trout liver cell line (R1). One non-virulent strain was highly adhesive and invasive in the three cell lines, whereas the virulent strains showed moderate adhesive and invasive capacity. The internalization of several isolates was inhibited by colchicine and cytochalasin-D, suggesting that microtubules and microfilaments play a role. For all strains, intracellular survival assays showed a decrease of viable bacteria in the cells 6 h after inoculation, suggesting that Y. ruckeri is not able to multiply or survive inside cultured cells. Analysis of the susceptibility to the bactericidal effect of rainbow trout serum demonstrated that virulent Y. ruckeri strains were serum resistant, whereas non-virulent strains were generally serum sensitive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Tobback
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dierckens K, Rekecki A, Laureau S, Sorgeloos P, Boon N, Van den Broeck W, Bossier P. Development of a bacterial challenge test for gnotobiotic sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. Environ Microbiol 2009; 11:526-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
|
28
|
Namba A, Mano N, Takano H, Beppu T, Ueda K, Hirose H. OmpA is an adhesion factor of Aeromonas veronii, an optimistic pathogen that habituates in carp intestinal tract. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:1441-51. [PMID: 18828791 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In the present study, we focused on one of the Aeromonas veronii isolates that exhibited marked adhesion onto carp intestine and studied its membrane-associated proteins for their possible involvement in mucosal adhesion. METHODS AND RESULTS We isolated a strain of Aer. veronii (CWP11) that exhibited a high degree of temperature-dependent adhesion activity onto carp intestinal tract and studied its adhesion factor. A proteomic analysis of the membrane-associated fraction showed the presence of multiple proteins that were specifically expressed in CWP11 cells cultured at 25 degrees C. Of these, a 30 kDa protein was identified to be OmpA by a mass fingerprint analysis. Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the ompA region of CWP11 revealed the presence of two tandem ompA homologues (ompAI-ompAII). Escherichia coli that expressed either OmpAI or OmpAII exhibited marked adhesion onto carp intestinal surface. Disruption of ompAI by a homologous recombination technique resulted in marked reduction of the adhesion activity in CWP11. CONCLUSION The OmpA homologue plays an important role in the adhesion of the Aer. veronii strain onto the surface of intestinal tract. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We successfully identified an OmpA homologue to be an adhesion factor of Aer. veronii, an optimistic pathogen that habituates in carp intestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Namba
- Life Science Research Center, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
van der Marel M, Schroers V, Neuhaus H, Steinhagen D. Chemotaxis towards, adhesion to, and growth in carp gut mucus of two Aeromonas hydrophila strains with different pathogenicity for common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2008; 31:321-330. [PMID: 18355183 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Characteristics that promote bacterial colonization of the intestinal mucosal surface were examined in two strains of the common fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila, with different pathogenicity. The characteristics examined were chemotactic activity towards mucus, bacterial adherence to mucus and growth in mucus. Intestinal gut mucus of healthy common carp was used. The results indicate that chemotaxis is not necessary for a bacterium to become pathogenic, but it may be a necessary parameter for a bacterium to be an obligate pathogen. Adhesion also seems to be a factor influencing pathogenicity. The results suggest that higher adhesion to mucus and subsequent growth is associated with differences in pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M van der Marel
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Fish Disease Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|