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Işık M, Özbayer C, Dönmez DB, Erol K, Çolak E, Üstüner MC, Değirmenci İ. Dose-dependent protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG against stress-induced ulcer. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38856115 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress-related diseases are on the rise and stress is one of the common factors that lead to ulcer. Stress-induced mucosal bleeding is a serious complication observed in many critically ill patients. Due to the harmful side effects of proton pump inhibitors, natural and active alternative treatment methods for peptic ulcer treatment that are safe in terms of side effects are an urgent need for human health. We aimed to investigate the dose-dependent protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) against stress ulcers induced by cold restraint stress in rats. This study was performed in a total of 42 rats, in control group (C), stress group (S), pantoprazol (20 mg kg-1 day-1) group (P), LGG (3 × 108 cfu mL-1 day-1) + stress group (M1), LGG (15 × 108 mL-1 day-1) + stress group (M5) and LGG (30 × 108 mL-1 day-1) + stress group (M10) (each n = 7). Ulceration areas (mm2) were determined quantitatively with ImageJ software. Glucocorticoid, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were determined by ELISA and malondialdehyde levels were determined by spectrophotometric measurement. Histopathological examinations were performed in gastric tissue. RESULTS Therapeutic dose of LGG increased CAT, SOD and GPx levels; prevented excessive activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; reduced ulceration and bleeding in the gastric mucosal layer; and provided stabilization of mast cells. CONCLUSIONS We can suggest that LGG may be beneficial for reducing the negative effects of stress on the body, for protecting against ulcer disease and for reducing or preventing the risk of stress-induced gastrointestinal bleeding in patients staying in intensive care units. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musab Işık
- Department of Physiology, Sakarya University, Medical Faculty, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Cansu Özbayer
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Dilek Burukoğlu Dönmez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Kevser Erol
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Çolak
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cengiz Üstüner
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - İrfan Değirmenci
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Derebasi BN, Davran Bulut S, Aksoy Erden B, Sadeghian N, Taslimi P, Celebioglu HU. Effects of p-coumaric acid on probiotic properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:223. [PMID: 38642150 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics are defined as "live microorganisms that provide health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts." Probiotics have beneficial effects on human health, including antibacterial activity against intestinal pathogens, regulation of blood cholesterol levels, reduction of colitis and inflammation incidence, regulation of the immune system, and prevention of colon cancer. In addition to probiotic bacteria, some phenolic compounds found in foods we consume (both food and beverages) have positive effects on human health. p-coumaric acid (p-CA) is one of the most abundant phenolic compounds in nature and human diet. The interactions between these two different food components (phenolics and probiotics), resulting in more beneficial combinations called synbiotics, are not well understood in terms of how they will affect the gut microbiota by promoting the probiotic properties and growth of probiotic bacteria. Thus, this study aimed to investigate synbiotic relationship between p-CA and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 (LA-5), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). Probiotic bacteria were grown in the presence of p-CA at different concentrations, and the effects of p-CA on probiotic properties, as well as its in vitro effects on AChE and BChE activities, were investigated. Additionally, Surface analysis was conducted using FTIR. The results showed that treatment with p-CA at different concentrations did not exhibit any inhibitory effect on the growth kinetics of LA-5 and LGG probiotic bacteria. Additionally, both probiotic bacteria demonstrated high levels of antibacterial properties. It showed that it increased the auto-aggregation of both probiotics. While p-CA increased co-aggregation of LA-5 and LGG against Escherichia coli, it decreased co-aggregation against Staphylococcus aureus. Probiotics grown with p-CA were more resistant to pepsin. While p-CA increased the resistance of LA-5 to bile salt, it decreased the resistance of LGG. The combinations of bacteria and p-CA efficiently suppressed AChE and BChE with inhibition (%) 11.04-68.43 and 13.20-65.72, respectively. Furthermore, surface analysis was conducted using FTIR to investigate the interaction of p-coumaric acid with LA-5 and LGG, and changes in cell components on the bacterial surface were analyzed. The results, recorded in range of 4000 -600 cm-1 with resolution of 4 cm-1, demonstrated that p-CA significantly affected only the phosphate/CH ratio for both bacteria. These results indicate the addition of p-CA to the probiotic growth may enhance the probiotic properties of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buse Nur Derebasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Sena Davran Bulut
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Busra Aksoy Erden
- Central Research Laboratory Application and Research Center, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Nastaran Sadeghian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
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Montes YMG, Calle ERV, Terán SGS, García MRC, Nájera JCR, Vera MRL. Growth kinetics of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus casei in liquid culture medium containing as prebiotics inulin or fructose. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1258-1270. [PMID: 37801661 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictive microbiology is a tool that allows us to evaluate the behavior of the concentration of biomass and estimated cells under extrinsic conditions, providing scientific and industrial benefits. In the present study, the growth of L. lactis and L. casei combined with inulin and fructose was modeled using the Gompertz sigmoidal growth functions and plotted using data obtained from batch culture in relation to biomass and cell concentration expressed as estimates in ln N (OD600nm and cells mL-1 ) as a function of time. RESULTS The results of the kinetic modeling indicated that (T1) A1B1 = L. lactis + fructose and (T4) A2B2 = L. casei + inulin presented the best function coefficients and best fits in most cases compared to the rest. The specific growth rate of the maximum acceleration was from 0.364 to 0.473 h-1 and 0.100 to 0.129 h-1 , the concentration of bacterial cells (A) was from 0.556 to 0.713 and 0.425 to 0.548 respectively and the time where (μ) occurred with a greater magnitude (L) fluctuated between 0.854 and 0.802 and when this time in (L) is very fast, it presents values of ≤0.072 to ≤0.092. Its coefficient of determination and/or multiple regression (R2 ) obtained in the two adjustments was 0.97. CONCLUSION It was possible to predict the influence of the carbon source on the behavior of maximum growth rates, higher consumption due to nutrient affinity and shorter growth time. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yessenia Maribel García Montes
- Departamento de Ciencias de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y Tecnologías, Universidad Laica 'Eloy Alfaro' de Manabí, Av. Circunvalación, Manta, Ecuador
| | - Edwin Rafael Vera Calle
- Departamento de Ciencias de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Stalin Gustavo Santacruz Terán
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y Tecnologías, Universidad Laica 'Eloy Alfaro' de Manabí, Av. Circunvalación, Manta, Ecuador
| | - Marlon Reinaldo Castro García
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y Tecnologías, Universidad Laica 'Eloy Alfaro' de Manabí, Av. Circunvalación, Manta, Ecuador
| | | | - Mario René Lopez Vera
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí 'MFL', Calceta, Ecuador
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Dima P, Stubbe PR, Mendes AC, Chronakis IS. Enhanced electric field and charge polarity modulate the microencapsulation and stability of electrosprayed probiotic cells ( Streptococcus thermophilus, ST44). Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100620. [PMID: 37942279 PMCID: PMC10628541 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the polarity of the direct current electric field on the "organization" of Streptococcus thermophilus (ST44) probiotic cells within electrosprayed maltodextrin microcapsules was investigated. The generated electrostatic forces between the negatively surface-charged probiotic cells and the applied negative polarity on the electrospray nozzle, allowed to control the location of the cells towards the core of the electrosprayed microcapsules. This "organization" of the cells increased the evaporation of the solvent (water) and successively the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the electrosprayed microcapsules. Moreover, the utilization of auxiliary ring-shaped electrodes between the nozzle and the collector, enhanced the electric field strength and contributed further to the increase of the Tg. Numerical simulation, through Finite Element Method (FEM), shed light to the effects of the additional ring-electrode on the electric field strength, potential distribution, and controlled deposition of the capsules on the collector. Furthermore, when the cells were located at the core of the microcapsules their viability was significantly improved for up to 2 weeks of storage at 25 °C and 35% RH, compared to the case where the probiotics were distributed towards the surface. Overall, this study reports a method to manipulate the encapsulation of the surface charged probiotic cells within electrosprayed microcapsules, utilizing the polarity of the electric field and additional ring-electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Dima
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU-Food, Research Group for Food Production Engineering, Lab. of Nano-BioScience, B202, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Reimer Stubbe
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU-Food, Research Group for Food Production Engineering, Lab. of Nano-BioScience, B202, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ana C. Mendes
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU-Food, Research Group for Food Production Engineering, Lab. of Nano-BioScience, B202, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ioannis S. Chronakis
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU-Food, Research Group for Food Production Engineering, Lab. of Nano-BioScience, B202, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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Saleh N, Mahmoud HE, Eltaher H, Helmy M, El-Khordagui L, Hussein AA. Prodigiosin-Functionalized Probiotic Ghosts as a Bioinspired Combination Against Colorectal Cancer Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1271-1286. [PMID: 36030493 PMCID: PMC10491537 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus acidophilus ghosts (LAGs) with the unique safety of a probiotic, inherent tropism for colon cells, and multiple bioactivities offer promise as drug carriers for colon targeting. Our objective was to evaluate LAGs functionalized with prodigiosin (PG), apoptotic secondary bacterial metabolite, as a bioinspired formulation against colorectal cancer (CRC). LAGs were prepared by a chemical method and highly purified by density gradient centrifugation. LAGs were characterized by microscopic and staining techniques as relatively small-sized uniform vesicles (≈1.6 µm), nearly devoid of cytoplasmic and genetic materials and having a negatively charged intact envelope. PG was highly bound to LAGs envelope, generating a physiologically stable bioactive entity (PG-LAGs), as verified by multiple microscopic techniques and lack of PG release under physiological conditions. PG-LAGs were active against HCT116 CRC cells at both the cellular and molecular levels. Cell viability data highlighted the cytotoxicity of PG and LAGs and LAGs-induced enhancement of PG selectivity for HCT116 cells, anticipating dose reduction for PG and LAGs. Molecularly, expression of the apoptotic caspase 3 and P53 biomarkers in HCT116 intracellular proteins was significantly upregulated while that of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) was downregulated by PG-LAGs relative to PG and 5-fluorouracil. PG-LAGs provide a novel bacteria-based combination for anticancer biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessrin Saleh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda E Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda Eltaher
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies Division, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Maged Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Labiba El-Khordagui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Batoni G, Kaya E, Catelli E, Quinti S, Botti M, De Carli A, Bianchi M, Maisetta G, Esin S. Lactobacillus Probiotic Strains Differ in Their Ability to Adhere to Human Lung Epithelial Cells and to Prevent Adhesion of Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Cystic Fibrosis Lung. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1707. [PMID: 37512880 PMCID: PMC10385620 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of probiotic applications is rapidly expanding, including their use for the control of respiratory tract infections. Nevertheless, probiotics ability to colonize the lung environment and to compete with pulmonary pathogens is still a poorly investigated research area. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the adhesion ability of a number of commercial probiotic strains to the human lung epithelial cell line A549. Furthermore, we assessed probiotic ability to prevent host cell adhesion of one of the major lung pathogens in cystic fibrosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to reduce the pathogen-induced inflammatory response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in terms of cytokine release. Lactobacillus acidophilus displayed the highest adhesion ability to A549 cells evaluated as percent of adhered bacteria compared to the inoculum. In agreement with such an observation, L. acidophilus was the most efficient in preventing adhesion to A549 cells of a P. aeruginosa isolate from CF sputum. Three-color fluorescence labeling of A549 cells, P. aeruginosa, and L. acidophilus, and confocal microcopy image analyses revealed a likely exclusion effect played by both live and UV-killed L. acidophilus towards P. aeruginosa. Such results were confirmed by CFU count. When co-cultured with PBMCs, both live and UV-killed L. acidophilus reduced the amount of IL-1β and IL-6 in culture supernatants in a statistically significant manner. Overall, the results obtained point to L. acidophilus as an interesting candidate for further studies for a potential aerogenous administration to control P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Esingül Kaya
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Catelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Quinti
- Cystic Fibrosis Supporting Service, Azienda USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, 57128 Livorno, Italy
| | - Matteo Botti
- Cystic Fibrosis Supporting Service, Azienda USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, 57128 Livorno, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Carli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppantonio Maisetta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
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Dima P, Stubbe PR, Mendes AC, Chronakis IS. Electric field charge polarity triggers the organization and promotes the stability of electrosprayed probiotic cells. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Bovine serum albumin plays an important role in the removal of acrylamide by us strains. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Plaza LG, Dima P, Audin E, Stancikaite B, Chronakis IS, Mendes AC. Lecithin - Bifidobacterium probiotics interactions: A case study. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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10
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Dima P, Gulbinas G, Stubbe PR, Mendes AC, Chonakis IS. Electrohydrodynamic drying of probiotics. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zawistowska-Rojek A, Kośmider A, Stępień K, Tyski S. Adhesion and aggregation properties of Lactobacillaceae strains as protection ways against enteropathogenic bacteria. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:285. [PMID: 35478049 PMCID: PMC9046290 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion and aggregation are characteristic attributes of probiotic strains belonging to Lactobacillaceae genus. Due to these properties the host organisms can avoid colonisation of the intestinal tract by enteropathogenic bacteria. The presented research includes a comparison of the properties of various strains belonging to different Lactobacillaceae species and isolated from different sources The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Lactocaseibacillus rhamnosus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus strains (L. acidophilus, L. gasseri, L. ultunensis) from probiotic products and clinical specimens to direct and competitive adherence to Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines. Furthermore, the ability of lactobacilli and enteropathogenic bacteria, E. coli, E. faecalis, and S. Typhimurium, to auto- and co-aggregation was also investigated. The results showed that all tested strains adhered to Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines. Though, the factor of adhesion depended on the species and origin of the strain. L. rhamnosus strains showed a lowest degree of adherence as compared to L. plantarum and Lactobacillus sp. strains. On the other side both, L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus strains reduced the pathogenic bacteria in competition adherence test most effectively. All tested lactobacilli strains were characterised by auto- and co-aggregation abilities, to various degrees. The properties of Lactobacillaceae strains analysed in this study, like adhesion abilities, competitive adherence, auto- and co-aggregation, may affect the prevention of colonisation and elimination of pathogenic bacteria in gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zawistowska-Rojek
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anita Kośmider
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Cancer Biology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Stępień
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefan Tyski
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Cheng Y, Chen J, Bao M, Zhao L, Li Y. The proliferation and colonization of functional bacteria on amorphous polyethylene terephthalate: Key role of ultraviolet irradiation and nonionic surfactant polysorbate 80 addition. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132940. [PMID: 34798113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution with plastics including polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has become a severe global problem, especially microplastic pollution, which is acknowledged as an emerging global pollutant. Biodegradation as a feasible and promising method has been studied, while colonization as the initiating step of the degradation process has seldom been studied. Here in this paper, we explored for the first time the key role of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and nonionic surfactant polysorbate 80 (Tween-80, 0.2% V/V) in the proliferation and colonization of three functional bacteria (Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas sp. and Paracoccus sp.) on amorphous PET (APET). We found that 25 days of UV irradiation can trigger photolytic degradation process (appear the stretching vibration of associating carboxyl end group and the in-plane bending vibration of -OH) and introduce oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of APET, even though the hydrophobicity of APET was scarcely changed. With regard to Tween-80, it can be utilized by these bacteria strains as carbon source to promote the proliferation, and it can also improve the cell surface hydrophobicity to stimulate the bacterial colonization during the first ten days of the experiment. When UV-irradiation and Tween-80 were provided together, the former factor can provide the target sites for functional bacteria to colonize, and the later factor can provide more candidates waiting to colonize by stimulating proliferation. As a result, an even better proliferation and colonization result can be achieved through the synergistic effect between the two factors. To some extent, the exposure between potential degrading bacteria and substrates to be degraded can be increased, which will create conditions for degrading. Generally, this research can provide certain theoretical basis and technical guidance for the remediation of plastic-polluted soil and the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jianxia Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Mutai Bao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Lanmei Zhao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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Wang H, An J, Fan C, Zhai Z, Zhang H, Hao Y. Transcriptome analysis revealed growth phase-associated changes of a centenarian-originated probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:61. [PMID: 35209838 PMCID: PMC8876546 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The physiology and application characteristics of probiotics are closely associated with the growth phase. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 is a promising probiotic strain isolated from the feces of a healthy centenarian in China. In this study, RNA-seq was carried out to investigate the metabolic mechanism between the exponential and the stationary phase in B. lactis A6. Results Differential expression analysis showed that a total of 815 genes were significantly changed in the stationary phase compared to the exponential phase, which consisted of 399 up-regulated and 416 down-regulated genes. The results showed that the transport and metabolism of cellobiose, xylooligosaccharides and raffinose were enhanced at the stationary phase, which expanded carbon source utilizing profile to confront with glucose consumption. Meanwhile, genes involved in cysteine-cystathionine-cycle (CCC) pathway, glutamate dehydrogenase, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) biosynthesis, and Clp protease were all up-regulated in the stationary phase, which may enhance the acid tolerance of B. lactis A6 during stationary phase. Acid tolerance assay indicated that the survival rate of stationary phase cells was 51.07% after treatment by pH 3.0 for 2h, which was 730-fold higher than that of 0.07% with log phase cells. In addition, peptidoglycan biosynthesis was significantly repressed, which is comparable with the decreased growth rate during the stationary phase. Remarkably, a putative gene cluster encoding Tad pili was up-regulated by 6.5 to 12.1-fold, which is consistent with the significantly increased adhesion rate to mucin from 2.38% to 4.90% during the transition from the exponential phase to the stationary phase. Conclusions This study reported growth phase-associated changes of B. lactis A6 during fermentation, including expanded carbon source utilizing profile, enhanced acid tolerance, and up-regulated Tad pili gene cluster responsible for bacterial adhesion in the stationary phase. These findings provide a novel insight into the growth phase associated characteristics in B. lactis A6 and provide valuable information for further application in the food industry. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02474-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qing Hua East Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jieran An
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qing Hua East Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chengfei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qing Hua East Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qing Hua East Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Beijing University of Agriculture, 7 Bei Nong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qing Hua East Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Vasudevan L, V J, M S, Ts C. Mucosa-adherent Pediococcus Pentosaceus I44 isolated from healthy human and effect of oleic acid on its probiotic properties. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100058. [PMID: 34841348 PMCID: PMC8610357 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus I44 was isolated from the ileal tissue of a healthy Indian. This isolate exhibited good tolerance to gastrointestinal conditions and bile stress. Oleic acid and oleic acid containing compounds (tween-80, olive oil and sesame oil) were found to have a significant effect on the stress tolerance ability and surface properties of this isolate invitro. Pediococcus pentosaceus I44 represents the autochthonous gut bacterial community and understanding such isolates provide useful insights into their role in human metabolism and health.
With the aim of selectively isolating and understanding the cultivable lactic acid bacteria that are autochthonous to human gut, biopsy samples were collected from the terminal ileum and caecum of healthy volunteers who underwent routine colonoscopy procedure. The use of tissue samples (over stool samples) provides for a better expression of the autochthonous bacterial population of the human gut. The strains that were stable after many rounds of sub-culture were identified and studied further. One such ileal isolate, a Gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci was identified to be Pediococcus pentosaceus I44. It was studied for its gastric tolerance, bile tolerance and surface properties, and reported here. The effect of tween-80, oleic acid, extra virgin olive oil and sesame oil on the aforementioned properties of P. pentosaceus I44 was also analysed. The isolate was able to survive well in simulated gastric fluid of pH 3.0 followed by treatment in simulated intestinal fluid with a survival percentage of around 70%. It was, however, unable to withstand pH 2.0 even in the presence of supplements. It showed good tolerance to bile stress (1% w/v), and its cell surface was found to be hydrophilic. P. pentosaceus I44 showed good aggregation of 87% after 24 h, with oleic acid having a significant effect on the isolate's aggregation potential. P. pentosaceus I44 is one of the few mucosa-bound cultivable bacteria that are adapted for survival in human colon. Studying and analysing such isolates might provide useful insights into their role in metabolism and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Vasudevan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Jayanthi V
- Gleneagles Global Health City, Cheran Nagar, Perumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600100, India
| | - Srinivas M
- Gleneagles Global Health City, Cheran Nagar, Perumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600100, India
| | - Chandra Ts
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
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15
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Genomic Stability and Phenotypic Characteristics of Industrially Produced Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG in a Yogurt Matrix. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0157521. [PMID: 34613788 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01575-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG is a widely marketed probiotic with well-documented probiotic properties. Previously, deletion of the mucus-adhesive spaCBA-srtC1 genes in dairy isolates was reported. In this study, we examined the genome preservation of industrially produced L. rhamnosus GG (DSM 33156) cofermented in yogurts. In total, DNA of 66 samples, including 60 isolates, was sequenced. Population samples and 59 isolates exhibited an intact genome. One isolate exhibited loss of spaCBA-srtC1. In addition, we examined phenotypes related to the probiotic properties of L. rhamnosus GG either from frozen pellets or cofermented in yogurt. L. rhamnosus GG from frozen pellets induced a response in intestinal barrier function in vitro, in contrast to frozen pellets of the starter culture. Yogurt matrix, containing only the starter culture, induced a response, but cofermentation with L. rhamnosus GG induced a higher response. Conversely, only the starter culture stimulated cytokine secretion in dendritic cells, and it was observed that the addition of L. rhamnosus GG to the starter culture reduced the response. We conclude that the L. rhamnosus GG genome is preserved in yogurt and that common in vitro probiotic effects of L. rhamnosus GG are observed when examined in the yogurt matrix. IMPORTANCE Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG is a well-documented probiotic strain recognized for its high acid and bile tolerance and properties of adhesion to enterocytes and mucus. The strain exhibits SpaCBA pili, which have been demonstrated to play an important role in adhesion and therefore are relevant for persistence in the gastrointestinal tract. Recently we demonstrated that the genome and phenotypes of L. rhamnosus GG are preserved throughout an industrial production pipeline. However, as gene deletions in L. rhamnosus GG were previously reported for isolates from dairy products, a key question on the genomic stability of L. rhamnosus GG in a yogurt matrix remained. The aim of this study was to analyze genome stability and phenotypic characteristics of L. rhamnosus GG in yogurt. We found that the genome of L. rhamnosus GG is well conserved when the organism is cofermented in yogurt. Some phenotypic characteristics are consistent in all product matrixes, while other characteristics are modulated.
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16
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Ariyadasa S, Abeysekera G, Billington C, Fee C, Pang L. Growth phase-dependent surface properties of Legionella pneumophila and their role in adhesion to stainless steel coated QCM-D sensors. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:257-267. [PMID: 34028067 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila cell surface hydrophobicity and charge are important determinants of their mobility and persistence in engineered water systems (EWS). These surface properties may differ depending on the growth phase of L. pneumophila resulting in variable adhesion and persistence within EWS. We describe the growth-dependent variations in L. pneumophila cell surface hydrophobicity and surface charge using the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbon assay and microelectrophoresis, respectively, and their role in cell adhesion to stainless steel using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring instrument. We observed a steady increase in L. pneumophila hydrophobicity during their lifecycle in culture media. Cell surfaces of stationary phase L. pneumophila were significantly more hydrophobic than their lag and midexponential counterparts. No significant changes in L. pneumophila cell surface charge were noted. Morphology of L. pneumophila remained relatively constant throughout their lifecycle. In the QCM-D study, lag and exponential phase L. pneumophila weakly adhered to stainless steel surfaces resulting in viscoelastic layers. In contrast, stationary phase bacteria were tightly and irreversibly bound to the surfaces, forming rigid layers. Our results suggest that the stationary phase of L. pneumophila would highly favour their adhesion to plumbing surfaces and persistence in EWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ariyadasa
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - G Abeysekera
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - C Billington
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - C Fee
- School of Product Design and Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - L Pang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch, New Zealand
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17
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Mullick P, Das G, Aiyagari R. Probiotic bacteria cell surface-associated protein mineralized hydroxyapatite incorporated in porous scaffold: In vitro evaluation for bone cell growth and differentiation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112101. [PMID: 34082927 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a high demand for synthesis of biocompatible hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (HANP), which is a key component in bone tissue engineering scaffolds. The present study describes a facile route of HANP synthesis through mineralization of the cell surface-associated protein (CSP) from the human probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. CSP extract from the LAB (consisting of ~66 kDa, ~47 kDa, ~40 kDa and ~25 kDa protein) was mineralized to yield spindle-shaped HANPs having an average particle length of 371 nm as evidenced in FETEM analysis. CSP-mineralized HANPs (CSP-HANPs) were characterized by FTIR and BET analysis, while XRD and SAED analysis indicated their crystalline nature. Mechanistic studies suggested the key role of ~25 kDa CSP (F4SP) in mineralization. In contrast to CSP-HANPs, F4SP-mineralized crystalline HA was plate-shaped having an average length of 1.68 μm and breadth of 0.95 μm. HANP mineralization at the whole-cell (WC) level resulted in clusters of aggregated HANPs (WC-HANPs) adhering onto L. rhamnosus GG cells as evident in FETEM, FESEM and AFM analysis. FETEM analysis revealed that the desorbed WC-HANPs recovered by cell lysis were needle-shaped, with a particle size distribution of 70-110 nm. Given that CSP-HANPs were non-toxic to cultured HEK 293 cells and osteoblast-like MG-63 cells, chitosan-gelatin (CG) scaffold incorporated with 15% w/v CSP-HANP (H-CG) was generated and tested for bone cell growth. H-CG exhibited a favorable pore size distribution (160-230 μm), overall porosity (~84%) and biodegradation profile. H-CG scaffold was conducive to osteogenesis and rendered enhanced proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium mineralization and heightened marker gene expression (ALP, Col I, Runx2 and OCN) in seeded MG-63 cells. CSP sourced from a safe probiotic LAB is thus a viable and effective mineralization template for synthesis of biocompatible HANPs that can be leveraged for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mullick
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gopal Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Ramesh Aiyagari
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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18
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Nachtigall C, Surber G, Bulla J, Rohm H, Jaros D. Pilot scale isolation of exopolysaccharides from Streptococcus thermophilus DGCC7710: Impact of methodical details on macromolecular properties and technofunctionality. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:220-232. [PMID: 33716620 PMCID: PMC7923592 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Streptococcus thermophilus provide similar technofunctionality such as water binding, viscosity enhancing and emulsifying effects as commercial thickeners at a significant lower concentration. Despite their high technofunctional potential, hetero polysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria are still not commercially used in unfermented foods, as the small amount of synthesised EPS calls for a high isolation effort. This study aims to analyse the macromolecular properties of EPS and cell containing isolates from S. thermophilus DGCC7710 obtained by different isolation protocols, and to link these data to the technofunctionality in model food systems. The EPS content of the isolates was affected by the microfiltration/ultrafiltration membranes used for cell removal/dialysis, respectively, and was 89% at maximum. There was no link between purity of the isolates, molecular mass (3 × 106 Da) and intrinsic viscosity (0.53 - 0.59 mL/mg) of the EPS. After adding EPS containing isolates to milk, gel stiffness after acidification increased by 25% at maximum, depending on the type and concentration of the specific isolate. Partly purified, cell containing isolates were effective at low absolute EPS concentration (approx. 0.1 g/kg) and therefore represent, together with their simple isolation protocol, an interesting approach to introduce microbial EPS into non-fermented products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg Surber
- Chair of Food EngineeringTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Jannis Bulla
- Chair of Food EngineeringTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Harald Rohm
- Chair of Food EngineeringTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Doris Jaros
- Chair of Food EngineeringTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
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19
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Hamden H, MSaad Guerfali M, Charaabi K, Djobbi W, Fadhl S, Mahjoubi M, Mnasri K, Najjari A, Saidi M, Chevrier C, Cherif A. Screening and selection of potential probiotic strains from the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) guts origin based on SIT application. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2020.1848010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Hamden
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technologies LR16CNSTN01, National Center of Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Technopole Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Meriem MSaad Guerfali
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technologies LR16CNSTN01, National Center of Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Technopole Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - K. Charaabi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technologies LR16CNSTN01, National Center of Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Technopole Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - W. Djobbi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technologies LR16CNSTN01, National Center of Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Technopole Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - S. Fadhl
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technologies LR16CNSTN01, National Center of Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Technopole Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - M. Mahjoubi
- Isbst, BVBGR-LR11ES31, University of Manouba, Technopole Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - K. Mnasri
- Isbst, BVBGR-LR11ES31, University of Manouba, Technopole Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - A. Najjari
- Isbst, BVBGR-LR11ES31, University of Manouba, Technopole Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - M. Saidi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technologies LR16CNSTN01, National Center of Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Technopole Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - C. Chevrier
- IRBI, University of Tours UMR CNRS, 7261, Tours, France
| | - A. Cherif
- Isbst, BVBGR-LR11ES31, University of Manouba, Technopole Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
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20
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Nachtigall C, Vogel C, Rohm H, Jaros D. How Capsular Exopolysaccharides Affect Cell Surface Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1904. [PMID: 33266168 PMCID: PMC7759885 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Some lactic acid bacteria are able to produce exopolysaccharides that, based on localization, can be distinguished in free and capsular or cell-bound exopolysaccharides (CPS). Up to now, the former were the focus of current research, mainly because of the technofunctional benefits they exhibit on fermented dairy products. On the other hand, CPS affect the surface properties of bacteria cells and thus also the textural properties of fermented foods, but data are very scarce. As the cell surface properties are strongly strain dependent, we present a new approach to investigate the impact of CPS on cell surface hydrophobicity and moisture load. CPS positive and negative Streptococcus thermophilus and Weissella cibaria were subjected to ultrasonication suitable to detach CPS without cell damage. The success of the method was verified by scanning electron and light microscopy as well as by cultivation experiments. Before applying ultrasonication cells with CPS exhibiting an increased hydrophilic character, enhanced moisture load, and faster water adsorption compared to the cells after CPS removal, emphasizing the importance of CPS on the textural properties of fermented products. The ultrasonic treatment did not alter the cell surface properties of the CPS negative strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Nachtigall
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (H.R.); (D.J.)
| | - Cordula Vogel
- Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Harald Rohm
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (H.R.); (D.J.)
| | - Doris Jaros
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (H.R.); (D.J.)
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21
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Optimization of lead and cadmium biosorption by Lactobacillus acidophilus using response surface methodology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Liao N, Pang B, Jin H, Xu X, Yan L, Li H, Shao D, Shi J. Potential of lactic acid bacteria derived polysaccharides for the delivery and controlled release of oral probiotics. J Control Release 2020; 323:110-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Culture medium and gastrointestinal environment positively influence the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 cell wall polysaccharide profile and aflatoxin B1 bioadsorption. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Dushku E, Ioannou A, Staikou A, Yiangou M. Probiotic properties and immunomodulatory activity of gastrointestinal tract commensal bacterial strains isolated from the edible farmed snail Cornu aspersum maxima. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:792-801. [PMID: 31271839 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro probiotic properties as well as the immunomodulatory activity of bacterial strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of the edible-farmed land snail Cornu aspersum maxima. Forty lactic acid bacterial strains (named Sgs1-40) were isolated from the intestinal tract and eight strains (named SgmA-H) from the oesophagus-crop of snails. Several criteria were used to examine whether they may be applied as snail-specific for the screening of the presumptive probiotic bacterial strains. Principal Component Analysis using criteria such as the tolerance of these strains to the pedal mucus, gastric mucus, gastric juices and low pH, as well as the expression of the cell surface traits of hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and autoaggregation capacity revealed discrimination of twelve strains exhibiting presumptive in vitro probiotic properties. Injection of eight of these strains, which were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, in snail haemocoel increased the recruitment and phagocytic activity of amoebocytes in snail haemolymph. The Sgs14 and SgmB strains, exhibiting the highest immunostimulatory activity in haemolymph, were FITC-labelled and orally administrated to snails for ten days. The Sgs14 strain was able to adhere to intestinal mucosa of snails and stimulate the chemotactic and phagocytic activity of amoebocytes in haemolymph as well as the bactericidal activity of haemolymph serum. These responses are potentially mediated by the regulation of TLRs expression in the gut mucosa. These data indicate that the determination of properties such as snail mucus and gastric juice tolerance, cell surface traits for adhesion as well as increased chemotactic and phagocytic activity in snail haemolymph are eligible criteria to screen for snail-specific probiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that investigates the probiotic properties of gastrointestinal microflora of the terrestrial farmed snail Cornu aspersum maxima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Dushku
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasia Ioannou
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Staikou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Minas Yiangou
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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25
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Nachtigall C, Weber C, Rothenburger S, Jaros D, Rohm H. Test parameters and cell chain length of Streptococcus thermophilus affect the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons assay: a methodical approach. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5528314. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons (MATH) test is one of the most common method to determine the hydrophobicity of cell surfaces. Despite its prevalence, no standard test parameters are used in literature, making a direct comparison of data almost impossible. Criticism also focuses on test parameters that may mask hydrophobic interactions and hence lead to erroneous test results. We methodically investigated the impact of different MATH test parameters on the calculation of the cell surface hydrophobicity of Streptococcus thermophilus, a widespread exopolysaccharide-producing lactic acid bacterium used in the production of fermented milk products. Besides composition and ionic strength of the buffer used for cell re-suspension, we observed a pronounced time dependency of the turbidity of the cell suspension during phase separation due to sedimentation and/or cell lysis. A new modification of the MATH assay was applied to enable the determination of cell surface hydrophobicity of long chain-forming bacteria. As the cell surface hydrophobicity was not altered during exponential growth phase, we assume that the cell surface and its capsular exopolysaccharide layer are not changed during cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Nachtigall
- Chair of Food Engineering, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carmen Weber
- Chair of Food Engineering, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Rothenburger
- Chair of Food Engineering, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Doris Jaros
- Chair of Food Engineering, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Harald Rohm
- Chair of Food Engineering, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among premature neonates. Although randomized trials have shown that probiotics may be efficacious in the prevention of NEC, their use has not been universally adopted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Caveats regarding routine probiotic supplementation for the prevention of NEC are summarized in this review. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence indicates that prophylactic probiotic supplementation in preterm infants can reduce the incidence of NEC. However, substantial knowledge gaps, regulatory issues, and implementation challenges should be addressed before probiotics are introduced as standard of care for all preterm neonates. Limitations of published trial data have made it challenging to define regimens that optimize efficacy and safety in specific patient subgroups. Moreover, the current probiotic market lacks rigorous regulatory oversight, which could raise concerns about the quality and safety of probiotic products. Finally, implementation pitfalls include risks of cross-colonization and resource requirements to monitor and mitigate potential adverse events. SUMMARY Probiotics have shown promise in the prevention of NEC. However, there is insufficient evidence to guide the selection of optimal regimens. Furthermore, issues related to regulatory and institutional oversight should be addressed before supplementation is routinely implemented in NICUs.
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Safety, functional properties and technological performance in whey-based media of probiotic candidates from human breast milk. Int Microbiol 2019; 22:265-277. [PMID: 30810989 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-018-00046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We aimed at isolating and characterising microorganisms present in human breast milk with probiotic potential. In an 8-week postpartum sampling period, two strains of bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium longum LM7a and Bifidobacterium dentium LM8a') and four strains of lactobacilli were isolated, all during the first 4-week postpartum. B. longum LM7a and B. dentium LM8a', together with four strains previously isolated from breast milk (Bifidobacterium lactis INL1, INL2, INL4 and INL5), were considered for further studies. Susceptibility of the strains to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, streptomycin, vancomycin and chloramphenicol was evaluated and the isolates exhibited, in general, the same properties as previously reported for bifidobacteria. All isolates showed low hydrophobicity and B. lactis and B. longum strains had satisfactory resistance to gastric digestion and bile shock, but not to pancreatin. B. lactis INL1, B. longum LM7a and B. dentium LM8a' were selected for some comparative technological studies. In particular, B. lactis INL1 displayed technological potential, with satisfactory growth in cheese whey-based media in biofermentor and resistance to freeze-drying, accelerated storage conditions and simulated gastric digestion.
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28
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Mansour NM, Elkhatib WF, Aboshanab KM, Bahr MMA. Inhibition of Clostridium difficile in Mice Using a Mixture of Potential Probiotic Strains Enterococcus faecalis NM815, E. faecalis NM915, and E. faecium NM1015: Novel Candidates to Control C. difficile Infection (CDI). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:511-522. [PMID: 28497217 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed at the isolation, identification, and characterization of potential probiotic strains capable of inhibiting Clostridium difficile in vitro and in vivo. Twenty isolates were isolated from infant fecal samples and screened against C. difficile using their cell-free supernatant. Only three isolates showed maximum inhibition from 56.05 to 60.60%, thus they were characterized for probiotic properties and safety. The results obtained approved their tolerance to the gastrointestinal tract conditions and safety profile. They were identified by sequencing 16S rRNA as Enterococcus faecalis NM815, E. faecalis NM915, and Enterococcus faecium NM1015. For in vivo evaluation, a viable mixture of these three strains (109 CFU/mL) was administrated to a group of mice (treated group) in daily dose for 14 days, then followed by challenge with viable C. difficile (105 CFU/mL) in daily dose for 7 days, then a second administration of a viable mixture of the three strains was done daily for 7 days. In addition, the control group was administered PBS buffer only and the untreated group received PBS buffer instead of the probiotic mixture before and after the challenge with C. difficile. The results obtained from histological analysis confirmed the effectiveness of our three potential probiotic strains which expressed inhibition of C. difficile and maintained the structural integrity of the liver and intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla M Mansour
- Gut Microbiology & Immunology Group, Chemistry of Natural & Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Walid F Elkhatib
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - May M A Bahr
- Gut Microbiology & Immunology Group, Chemistry of Natural & Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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Wang G, Zhang M, Zhao J, Xia Y, Lai PFH, Ai L. A Surface Protein From Lactobacillus plantarum Increases the Adhesion of Lactobacillus Strains to Human Epithelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2858. [PMID: 30524417 PMCID: PMC6261977 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion to epithelial cells is considered important for Lactobacillus to exert probiotic effects. In this study, we found that trypsin treatment decreased the adhesion ability of Lactobacillus plantarum AR326 and AR269, which exhibit good adhesion ability, and surface proteins extracts increased the adhesion of the strains with poor adhesion ability. By SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis, the main component of the surface proteins was detected and identified as a protein of approximately 37 kDa. It was 100% homologous with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from L. plantarum WCFS1. The adhesion of AR326 and AR269 was decreased significantly by blocking with the anti-GAPDH antibody, and GAPDH restored the adhesion of AR326 and AR269 treated with trypsin. In addition, purified GAPDH significantly increased the adhesion of the strains with poor adhesion ability. These results indicated that GAPDH mediates the adhesion of these highly adhesive lactobacilli to epithelial cells and can be used to improve the adhesion ability of probiotics or other bacteria of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqiang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongjun Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Phoency F-H Lai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Two-step production of anti-inflammatory soluble factor by Lactobacillus reuteri CRL 1098. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200426. [PMID: 29979794 PMCID: PMC6034873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that a soluble factor (LrS) produced by Lactobacillus (L.) reuteri CRL 1098 modulates the inflammatory response triggered by lipopolysaccharide. In this study, the production of LrS by L. reuteri CRL 1098 was realized through two steps: i) bacterial biomass production, ii) LrS production, where the bacterial biomass was able to live but did not proliferate. Therefore, the simultaneous evaluation of the effect of different factors on the growth and LrS production was performed. Biomass production was found to be dependent mainly on culture medium, while LrS production with anti-inflammatory activity depended on culture conditions of the biomass such as pH, agitation and growth phase. The L. reuteri CRL 1098 biomass and LrS production in the optimized culture media designed for this work reduced the complete process cost by approximately 95%, respectively to laboratory scale cost.
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Yucel Falco C, Geng X, Cárdenas M, Risbo J. Edible foam based on Pickering effect of probiotic bacteria and milk proteins. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Haddaji N, Mahdhi AK, Ismaiil MB, Bakhrouf A. Effect of environmental stress on cell surface and membrane fatty acids of Lactobacillus plantarum. Arch Microbiol 2017; 199:1243-1250. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Pan M, Kumaree KK, Shah NP. Physiological Changes of Surface Membrane inLactobacilluswith Prebiotics. J Food Sci 2017; 82:744-750. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Pan
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences; The Univ. of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong
| | - Kishore K. Kumaree
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences; The Univ. of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong
| | - Nagendra P. Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences; The Univ. of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong
- Adjunct Professor; Victoria Univ.; Melbourne Australia
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Chen DZ, Jiang NX, Ye JX, Cheng ZW, Zhang SH, Chen JM. Comparative investigation on a hexane-degrading strain with different cell surface hydrophobicities mediated by starch and chitosan. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3829-3837. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Assessment of Resistance and Bioremediation Ability of Lactobacillus Strains to Lead and Cadmium. Int J Microbiol 2017; 2017:9869145. [PMID: 28133483 PMCID: PMC5241453 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9869145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are heavy metals, important environmental pollutants, and potent toxicants to organism. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been reported to remove Cd and Pb from solutions and therefore represent a useful tool for decontamination of food and beverages from heavy metals. Heavy metal ion binding by LAB was reported as metabolism-independent surface process. In this work ten Lactobacillus strains were investigated with respect to hydrophobicity, Lewis acid-base, and electrostatic properties of their outer cell surface in order to characterize their Cd and Pb removal capacity. Seven L. plantarum and L. fermentum strains were shown to remove Cd from culture medium. The metabolism-dependent accumulation mechanism of Cd removal was proposed based on extended character of Cd binding and lack of correlation between any of the surface characteristics and Cd removal. The results of this study should be considered when selecting probiotic strains for people at risk of Cd exposure.
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Hayat S, Sabri AN, McHugh TD. Chloroform extract of turmeric inhibits biofilm formation, EPS production and motility in antibiotic resistant bacteria. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2017; 63:325-338. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumreen Hayat
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University
| | - Anjum N. Sabri
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus
| | - Timothy D. McHugh
- Center for Clinical Microbiology, Royal Free Campus, University College London
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Costa MGM, Ooki GN, Vieira ADS, Bedani R, Saad SMI. Synbiotic Amazonian palm berry (açai, Euterpe oleracea Mart.) ice cream improved Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG survival to simulated gastrointestinal stress. Food Funct 2017; 8:731-740. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00778c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
LGG in açai ice cream showed higher survival toin vitroGI conditions compared to fresh culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Garcia Maia Costa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of São Paulo
- 05508-000 São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Gabriela Namur Ooki
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of São Paulo
- 05508-000 São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Antônio Diogo Silva Vieira
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of São Paulo
- 05508-000 São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Raquel Bedani
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of São Paulo
- 05508-000 São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Susana Marta Isay Saad
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of São Paulo
- 05508-000 São Paulo
- Brazil
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Polak-Berecka M, Boguta P, Cieśla J, Bieganowski A, Skrzypek T, Czernecki T, Waśko A. Studies on the removal of Cd ions by gastrointestinal lactobacilli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:3415-3425. [PMID: 28004153 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of toxic metal ions in food and water is nowadays a growing health-related problem. One detoxification method involves the use of microorganisms naturally inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The purpose of this study was to prove that lactic acid bacteria derived from the GIT are able to effectively remove Cd2+ from water solution. Seven strains of lactobacilli, out of 11 examined, showed tolerance to high concentrations of cadmium ions. The metal-removal efficiencies of these seven lactobacilli ranged from 6 to 138.4 μg/h mg. Among these bacteria, Lactobacillus gallinarum and Lactobacillus crispatus belonged to the highest (85%) Cd-removal efficiency class. An analysis of the zeta potential (ζ) indicated that the bacterial cell surface had a negative charge at the pH ranging from 3 to 10. The presence of carboxyl, amide, and phosphate groups was favorable for Cd2+ binding to the cell surface, which found confirmation in FTIR-ATR spectra. Elemental SEM/EDS analysis and TEM imaging not only confirmed the adsorption of Cd2+ on the cell envelope but also gave us a reason to suppose that Lb. crispatus accumulates metal ions inside the cell. Our findings open perspectives for further research on the new biological function of GIT lactobacilli as natural biosorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Polak-Berecka
- Department of Biotechnology, Human Nutrition and Science of Food Commodities, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Boguta
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Cieśla
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bieganowski
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skrzypek
- Laboratory of Confocal and Electron Microscopy, Interdisciplinary Research Center, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Czernecki
- Department of Biotechnology, Human Nutrition and Science of Food Commodities, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Waśko
- Department of Biotechnology, Human Nutrition and Science of Food Commodities, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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De Angelis M, Calasso M, Cavallo N, Di Cagno R, Gobbetti M. Functional proteomics within the genus Lactobacillus. Proteomics 2016; 16:946-62. [PMID: 27001126 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus are mainly used for the manufacture of fermented dairy, sourdough, meat, and vegetable foods or used as probiotics. Under optimal processing conditions, Lactobacillus strains contribute to food functionality through their enzyme portfolio and the release of metabolites. An extensive genomic diversity analysis was conducted to elucidate the core features of the genus Lactobacillus, and to provide a better comprehension of niche adaptation of the strains. However, proteomics is an indispensable "omics" science to elucidate the proteome diversity, and the mechanisms of regulation and adaptation of Lactobacillus strains. This review focuses on the novel and comprehensive knowledge of functional proteomics and metaproteomics of Lactobacillus species. A large list of proteomic case studies of different Lactobacillus species is provided to illustrate the adaptability of the main metabolic pathways (e.g., carbohydrate transport and metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, proteolytic system, amino acid metabolism, and protein synthesis) to various life conditions. These investigations have highlighted that lactobacilli modulate the level of a complex panel of proteins to growth/survive in different ecological niches. In addition to the general regulation and stress response, specific metabolic pathways can be switched on and off, modifying the behavior of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Calasso
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Noemi Cavallo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Parveen Rani R, Anandharaj M, Hema S, Deepika R, David Ravindran A. Purification of Antilisterial Peptide (Subtilosin A) from Novel Bacillus tequilensis FR9 and Demonstrate Their Pathogen Invasion Protection Ability Using Human Carcinoma Cell Line. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1910. [PMID: 27990138 PMCID: PMC5133052 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on isolation, screening, and characterization of novel probiotics from gastrointestinal tract of free-range chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). Fifty seven colonies were isolated and three isolates (FR4, FR9, and FR12) were selected and identified as Lactobacillus gasseri FR4, Bacillus tequilensis FR9, and L. animalis FR12 by 16S rRNA sequencing. Three strains were able to survive in stimulated acidic and bile conditions and inhibit the growth of pathogens. Especially, FR9 exhibited maximum inhibition against Listeria monocytogenes and none of them exhibited hemolytic activity. Native-PAGE revealed the presence of low molecular weight (3.4-5.0 KDa) antimicrobial peptide. The peptide was further purified by Sephadex G-50 column and RP-HPLC using C18 column. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of antimicrobial peptide showed 100% consensus to antilisterial peptide Subtilosin A and SboA gene was amplified from FR9 genome. FR9 showed maximum aggregation activity, exopolysaccharide production (85.46 mg/L) and cholesterol assimilation (63.12 ± 0.05 μg/mL). Strong adhesion property (12.6%) and pathogen invasion protection ability was revealed by B. tequilensis FR9 towards HCT-116 human colon carcinoma cell line. This is the first study to demonstrate antilisterial Subtilosin A production of B. tequilensis. Our results indicate that B. tequilensis FR9 strain furnish the essential characteristics of a potential probiotics and might be incorporated into human and animal food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Parveen Rani
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed UniversityGandhigram, India
| | | | - Subramani Hema
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed UniversityGandhigram, India
| | - Ramasamy Deepika
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed UniversityGandhigram, India
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42
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Capillary Isoelectric Focusing—Useful Tool for Detection and Quantification of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Milk. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Preparation of gold nanoparticles by novel bacterial exopolysaccharide for antibiotic delivery. Life Sci 2016; 153:171-9. [PMID: 27101926 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To develop potent drug delivery agents to treat multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) prepared by bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) being a reducing and stabilizing agent. METHODS Gold nanoparticles were prepared by EPS, extracted from Lactobacillus plantarum. AuNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM), zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Antibiotics used for functionalization of AuNPs were levofloxacin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. The resulted functionalized AuNPs were tested against various MDR bacteria by employing different assays such as well diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time killing assay. KEY FINDINGS The nanostructures exhibited excellent bactericidal activity and reduced MIC and MBC against MDR Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria compared to free drugs. Escherichia coli was the most susceptible MDR bacteria followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. TEM results revealed that the bactericidal activity of nanostructures could be mediated by penetration, loss of cytoplasmic contents and cell lysis. SIGNIFICANCE Antibiotic functionalized nanostructures were more potent than free drugs and could be used as potent drug delivery vehicles.
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Soukoulis C, Singh P, Macnaughtan W, Parmenter C, Fisk ID. Compositional and physicochemical factors governing the viability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG embedded in starch-protein based edible films. Food Hydrocoll 2016; 52:876-887. [PMID: 26726280 PMCID: PMC4615137 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic incorporation in edible films and coatings has been shown recently to be an efficient strategy for the delivery of probiotics in foods. In the present work, the impact of the compositional, physicochemical and structural properties of binary starch-protein edible films on Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG viability and stability was evaluated. Native rice and corn starch, as well as bovine skin gelatine, sodium caseinate and soy protein concentrate were used for the fabrication of the probiotic edible films. Starch and protein type both impacted the structural, mechanical, optical and thermal properties of the films, and the process loss of L. rhamnosus GG during evaporation-dehydration was significantly lower in the presence of proteins (0.91-1.07 log CFU/g) compared to solely starch based systems (1.71 log CFU/g). A synergistic action between rice starch and proteins was detected when monitoring the viability of L. rhamnosus GG over four weeks at fridge and room temperature conditions. In particular, a 3- to 7-fold increase in the viability of L. rhamnosus GG was observed in the presence of proteins, with sodium caseinate - rice starch based films offering the most enhanced stability. The film's shelf-life (as calculated using the FAO/WHO (2011) basis of 6 log viable CFU/g) ranged between 27-96 and 15-24 days for systems stored at fridge or room temperature conditions respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Soukoulis
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Poonam Singh
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - William Macnaughtan
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Parmenter
- Nottingham Nanotechnology and Nanoscience Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D. Fisk
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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Jovanović JN, Nikolić B, Šeatović S, Zavišić G, Mitić-Ćulafić D, Vuković-Gačić B, Knežević-Vukčević J. Characterization of some potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains of human origin. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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46
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Sidira M, Kourkoutas Y, Kanellaki M, Charalampopoulos D. In vitro study on the cell adhesion ability of immobilized lactobacilli on natural supports. Food Res Int 2015; 76:532-539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Iaconelli C, Lemetais G, Kechaou N, Chain F, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Langella P, Gervais P, Beney L. Drying process strongly affects probiotics viability and functionalities. J Biotechnol 2015; 214:17-26. [PMID: 26325197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic formulations are widely used and are proposed to have a variety of beneficial effects, depending on the probiotic strains present in the product. The impact of drying processes on the viability of probiotics is well documented. However, the impact of these processes on probiotics functionality remains unclear. In this work, we investigated variations in seven different bacterial markers after various desiccation processes. Markers were composed of four different viability evaluation (combining two growth abilities and two cytometric measurements) and in three in vitro functionalities: stimulation of IL-10 and IL-12 production by PBMCs (immunomodulation) and bacterial adhesion to hexadecane. We measured the impact of three drying processes (air-drying, freeze-drying and spray-drying), without the use of protective agents, on three types of probiotic bacteria: Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus zeae. Our results show that the bacteria respond differently to the three different drying processes, in terms of viability and functionality. Drying methods produce important variations in bacterial immunomodulation and hydrophobicity, which are correlated. We also show that adherence can be stimulated (air-drying) or inhibited (spray-drying) by drying processes. Results of a multivariate analysis show no direct correlation between bacterial survival and functionality, but do show a correlation between probiotic responses to desiccation-rewetting and the process used to dry the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Iaconelli
- UMR Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, Université de Bourgogne, AgroSup Dijon, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Guillaume Lemetais
- Merck Medication Familiale, 18C boulevard Winston Churchill, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Noura Kechaou
- Institut MICALIS, UMR 1319, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Florian Chain
- Institut MICALIS, UMR 1319, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | | | - Philippe Langella
- Institut MICALIS, UMR 1319, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Patrick Gervais
- UMR Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, Université de Bourgogne, AgroSup Dijon, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Beney
- UMR Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, Université de Bourgogne, AgroSup Dijon, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Mercan E, İspirli H, Sert D, Yılmaz MT, Dertli E. Impact of exopolysaccharide production on functional properties of some Lactobacillus salivarius strains. Arch Microbiol 2015; 197:1041-9. [PMID: 26267164 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-015-1141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to characterize functional properties of Lactobacillus salivarius strains isolated from chicken feces. Detection of genes responsible for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production revealed that all strains harbored a dextransucrase gene, but p-gtf gene was only detected in strain E4. Analysis of EPS production levels showed significant alterations among strains tested. Biofilm formation was found to be medium composition dependant, and there was a negative correlation with biofilm formation and EPS production. Autoaggregation properties and coaggregation of L. salivarius strains with chicken pathogens were appeared to be specific at strain level. An increment in bacterial adhesion to chicken gut explants was observed in L. salivarius strains with the reduction in EPS production levels. This study showed that strain-specific properties can determine the functional properties of L. salivarius strains, and the interference of these properties might be crucial for final selection of these strains for technological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Mercan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayburt University, 69000, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Hümeyra İspirli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayburt University, 69000, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Durmuş Sert
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Tahsin Yılmaz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enes Dertli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayburt University, 69000, Bayburt, Turkey.
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Haddaji N, Khouadja S, Fdhila K, Krifi B, Ben Ismail M, Lagha R, Bakir K, Bakhrouf A. Acid stress suggests different determinants for polystyrene and HeLa cell adhesion in Lactobacillus casei. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:4302-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Мokrozub VV, Lazarenko LM, Sichel LM, Babenko LP, Lytvyn PM, Demchenko OM, Melnichenko YO, Boyko NV, Biavati B, DiGioia D, Bubnov RV, Spivak MY. The role of beneficial bacteria wall elasticity in regulating innate immune response. EPMA J 2015; 6:13. [PMID: 26110044 PMCID: PMC4479350 DOI: 10.1186/s13167-015-0035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics have great potential to contribute to development of healthy dietary regimes, preventive care, and an integrated approach to immunity-related disease management. The bacterial wall is a dynamic entity, depending on many components and playing an essential role in modulating immune response. The impact of cell wall elasticity on the beneficial effects of probiotic strains has not been sufficiently studied. The aim was to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria strains on phagocytic system cells (macrophages) as related to bacterial wall elasticity, estimated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). METHODS We conducted studies on Balb/c line mice 18-20 g in weight using lyophilized strains of LAB-Lactobacillus acidophilus IMV B-7279, Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281, and bifidobacteria-Bifidobacterium animalis VKL and Bifidobacterium animalis VKB. We cultivated the macrophages obtained from the peritoneal cavity of mice individually with the strains of LAB and bifidobacteria and evaluated their effect on macrophages, oxygen-dependent bactericidal activity, nitric oxide production, and immunoregulatory cytokines. We used AFM scanning to estimate bacterial cell wall elasticity. RESULTS All strains had a stimulating effect on the functional activity of macrophages and ability to produce NO/NO2 in vitro. Lactobacilli strains increased the production of IL-12 and IFN-γ in vitro. The AFM demonstrated different cell wall elasticity levels in various strains of LAB and bifidobacteria. The rigidity of the cell walls among lactobacilli was distributed as follows: Lactobacillus acidophilus IMV B-7279 > Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280 > Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281; among the strains of bifidobacteria: B. animalis VKB > B. animalis VKL. Probiotic strain survival in the macrophages depended on the bacterial cell wall elasticity and on the time of their joint cultivation. CONCLUSION LAB and bifidobacteria strains stimulate immune-modulatory cytokines and active oxygen and nitrogen oxide compound production in macrophages. Strains with a more elastic cell wall according to AFM data demonstrated higher resistance to intracellular digestion in macrophages and higher level of their activation. AFM might be considered as a fast and accurate method to assess parameters of probiotic strain cell wall to predict their immune-modulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria V. Мokrozub
- />Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny st., Kyiv, D03680 Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla M. Lazarenko
- />Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny st., Kyiv, D03680 Ukraine
| | - Liubov M. Sichel
- />Pure Research Products, LLC, 6107, Chelsea Manor Court, Boulder, CO 80301 USA
| | - Lidia P. Babenko
- />Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny st., Kyiv, D03680 Ukraine
| | - Petro M. Lytvyn
- />Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 41, pr. Nauky, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine
| | | | - Yulia O. Melnichenko
- />Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny st., Kyiv, D03680 Ukraine
| | - Nadiya V. Boyko
- />Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny st., Kyiv, D03680 Ukraine
| | - Bruno Biavati
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Bologna University, Bologna, 40127 Italy
| | - Diana DiGioia
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Bologna University, Bologna, 40127 Italy
| | - Rostyslav V. Bubnov
- />Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny st., Kyiv, D03680 Ukraine
- />Clinical Hospital “Pheophania” of State Affairs Department, Zabolotny str., 21, Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine
| | - Mykola Ya Spivak
- />Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny st., Kyiv, D03680 Ukraine
- />LCL «Diaprof», Svitlycky Str., 35, Kyiv, 04123 Ukraine
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